跨文化期末复习

1. Discuss the four trends that make our world more interdependent.

(1)convenient transportation systems(便捷的交通系统）(2)innovative communication systems(革新通信技术）(3)economic globalization (经济全球化）(4)widespread migrations(广泛的移民）

2.What are the characteristic(特点）of culture?

(1)shared

(2)learned (enculuration 文化习得：learning one's culture)

(3)dynamic(动态的）（accultration文化适应：adopts the changes brought about by another culture)

(4)ethnocentric(ethnocentrism文化中心主义：own cultural background is superior)

3.What are the characteristic of communication?

(1)dynamic(动态性）(2)irreversible(不可逆转的）(3)symbolic(符号的）(4)systematic(系统性）(5)transactional（互动性）(6)contextual(语境) 4. Discuss the contents of …

1) Chronemics: The study of how people perceive and use time.时间学

(1) Monochronic Time: paying attention to and doing only one thing at a time

(2) Polychronic Time: being involved with many things at once.

2)Proxemics:the perception and use of space.空间学

3)Kinetics:the study of body language.身势学

4)Paralanguage:involving sounds but not words and lying between verbal and nonverbal communication.

5..How is Chinese addressing different from American addressing?

1) In Chinese the surname comes first and is followed by the given name,but in English this order is reversed.

2) In China seniority(资历）is paid respects to.

Nowadays, many English-speaking people tend to address others by their given names, even when meeting for the first time.

3) (About addressing by relationship）Chinese often extend kinship terms to people not related by blood or marriage. Americans tend to use just the first name and leave out the term of relationship. 4)Chinese use a person's title, office, or profession to indicate(表明）the person's influential(有权势的）status. In English, only a few occupations or titles could be used.(p24)

6.What are the social functions of compliments?（赞美的社会作用）

Creating or reinforcing (加固）solidarity, greeting people, expressing thanks or congratulations, encouraging people, softening criticism（委婉批评）,starting a conversation, or even overcoming embarrassment（窘迫）.

7. What are the different features of M-Time and P-time?

M-Time think time is perceived as a linear strucure.认为时间是线性的

P-Time is less rigid(刻板）and clock-bound, more flexible and more human-centered.

8. What has influenced the gender socialization?（什么会影响性别社会化）

There are two primary influences on gender: socialization:

family communication, particularly between mothers and children, and recreational interaction among children.

9. Discuss the concepts of high context culture and low context culture.（讨论高、低语境）

Eastern culture favors verbal hesitance and ambiguity in order to avoid disturbing or offending others, the burden of smooth communication effective is shared equally between all parties involved.

The Western communicative mode is primarily(直接）direct, explicit（明确）,and verbal, relying heavily on logical and rational perception(感知）,thinking，and articulation. So the task of communicating effectively lies primarily on the speaker. 10.How is gender different from sex?

Sex: biological, permanent, with an individual property

Gender: socially-constructed, varied over time and across cultures, with a social and relational quality

11.Six principles for Effective Cross-gender Communication (六条有效的跨性别交际原则)

1)Suspend judgment

2)Recognize the validity of different communication styles

3)Provide translation cues

4)Seek translation cues

5)Enlarge your own communication style 6)Suspend judgment

跨文化交际选择题

1. When you talk with your friends about Picasso, Beethoven, you are talking about culture from ____ perspective.

a. anthropologic

b. intellectual

c. social

d. psychological

2. The dialogues at the United Nations, for example, would be termed _____.

a. interracial communication

b. interethnic communication

c. international communication

d. interpersonal communication

3. ____ is the process of putting an idea into a symbol.

a. Decoding

b. Channel

c. Encoding

d. Source

4. ____ refers anything that distorts the message the source encodes.

a. Noise

b. Message

c. Source

d. Context

5. ____ refers to the response of a receiver to a sender’s message.

a. Receiver

b. Decoding

c. Encoding

d. Feedback

6. Definitions of communication from many Asian countries stress ____, which is most notable in cultures with a Confucian tradition.

a. harmony

b. exchanging communication

c. respect

d. instrumental function

7. Communication doesn’t occur in isolation or in a vacuum, but rather it takes place in a physical and a social context; both establish the rules that govern the interaction. It reflects communication is ____.

a. symbolic

b. systematic

c. irreversible

d. transactional

8. In China, if a Tibetan communicates with a Han, it is ____ .

a. interracial communication

b. interethnic communication

c. international communication

d. interpersonal communication

9. The ____ is the person with an idea he or she desires to communicate.

a. message

b. context

c. source

d. feedback

10. ____ refers to the exchange of messages between members of the dominant culture within a country.

a. Interethnic communication

b. Intercultural communication

c. International communication

d. Interregional communication

11. ____ occurs when the sender and the receiver exchanging messages are from different races with different physical characteristics.

a. Interethnic communication

b. Interracial communication

c. Intracultural communication

d. intercultural communication

12. ____ refers to one’s se nse of belonging to a particular culture or ethnic group.

a. Cultural identity

b. Cultural value

c. Cultural norm

d. Subculture

13. ____ is the environment in which the communication takes place and which helps define the communication.

a. Receiver response

b. Source

c. Context

d. Feedback

14. Mr. Wang, a Chinese immigrant in U.S., has adapted himself so well to American culture that he gradually lost his Chinese cultural identity. This process is called ____.

a. separation and segregation

b. integration

c. assimilation

d. marginalization

15. Liming, a Chinese student, just began his study in a university in the United States. In his first week in U.S, he thought everything was new and exciting, and he enjoyed himself a lot. Liming is in ____ stage of culture shock.

a. honeymoon

b. crisis

c. reintegration

d. gradual adjustment

(culture shock:文化冲击（突然处于一个与前大不相同的社会和文化环境中因而感到困惑、忧虑、烦恼的心情）

16. ____ refers to maintaining one’s original culture and not participating in the new culture.

a. Separation and segregation

b. Marginalization

c. Assimilation

d. Integration

17. ____ refers to an individual’s learning and adopting the norms and values of the new host culture.

a. Acculturation

b. Deculturation

c. Marginalization

d. Integration

18. ____ is the socialization process you go through to adapt to your society.

a. Deculturation

b. Acculturation

c. Assimilation

d. Enculturation

19. ____ takes place when individuals become an integral part of the new culture while maintaining their cultural integrity.

a. Culture shock

b. Integration

c. Cultural identity

d. Acculturation

20. An American company that operates in Japan almost caused a disaster in the United States---Japanese relations by addressing 500 red Christmas cars to its Japanese Joint-venture partner, since funeral notices are red in Japan. This case has reflected that each country has its art for ____.

a. tipping

b. greeting

c. card exchange

d. giving gift

21. In ____, the handshake is accompanied with a light kiss; even males kiss both cheeks after a handshake.

a. the United States

b. Saudi Arabia

c. Russia

d. France

22. ____ style focuses on the speaker and role relationships. People with such communication style stress high power distance. This style is popular in collectivist and high-context culture.

a. Contextual

b. Personal

c. Succinct

d. Elaborate

23. ____ refers to some words or actions that are avoided by a particular group of people, or in certain culture for religious or social reasons.

a. Euphemism

b. Taboo

c. Argot

d. Dialect

24. The ____ refers to the ability to understand and adapt to the target culture; in another word, it refers to the sensitivity to cultural diversity, i.e., the ability to behave in an appropriate way and to regulate one’s communication and interaction according to the context.

a. intercultural competence

b. social competence

c. communication competence

d. cultural competence

25. ____ refers to losing one’s cultural identity and not having any psychological contact with the larger society.

a. Marginalization

b. Acculturation

c. Culture shock

d. separation and segregation

26. ____ refers to the traumatic experience that an individual may encounter when entering a different society.

a. Dissimilation

b. Assimilation

c. Integration

d. Culture shock

27. ____ is behaviors such as gestures, body movements, facial expressions, and eye contact.

a. Chromatics

b. Olfactics

c. Haptics

d. Kinestics

28. While writing business messages, ____ is usually the first step.

a. prediction

b. selection

c. analysis

d. planning

29. While the highest goal of communication in the Eastern culture is to achieve ____, the highest goal of communication in the West is to achieve the practical cooperation from others.

a. propriety

b. further relationship

b. practical purpose d. definite result

30. ____ is the study of communication sent by the eyes.

a. Oculesics

b. Haptics

c. Kinestics

d. Chromatics

31. Which of the following statements about intercultural communication is NOT true?

a. It is communication between people of different cultures

b. We need understanding and acceptance in intercultural communication.

c. During the process of intercultural communication, one should turn one’s back on one’s own culture.

d. We should develop tolerance and acceptance in intercultural communication .

32. ____ is the socialization process you go through to adapt to your society.

a. Deculturation

b. Acculturation

c. Assimilation

d. Enculration

33. ____ is the study of how people perceive and use time.

a. Chronemics

b. Proxemics

c. Kinestics

d. Oculesics

34. ____ is the traditional way of greeting in Northeast Asian countries like Korea and Japan.

a. Bowing

b. Firm handshake

c. Embracing

d. Handshake

35. ____ means the act of substituting a mild, indirect, or vague term for one considered harsh, blunt, or offensive.

a. Euphemism

b. Taboo

c. Argot

d. Dialect

36. ____ style focuses on the speaker and personal relationships. Such style can be found in individualistic and low-context culture.

a. Contextual

b. Personal

c. Succinct

d. Elaborate

37. ____ refer to rules for appropriate behavior, which provide the expectations people have of one another and of others.

a. Beliefs

b. Values

c. Roles

d. Norms

38. ____ refers to the intentional use of non-spoken symbol to communicate a specific message.

a. Proxemics

b.Chronemics

c. Nonverbal communication

d. Olfactics

39. ____ is considered inappropriate as a form of greeting in the United States and China.

a. Etiquette

b. Bowing

c. Embracing

d. Handshake

注：第15题答案应是：a

新编跨文化交际期末复习资料

1.Iceberg:{Edward. 7. Hall.--标志着“跨文化交流”学科的开始} Culture can be viewed as an iceberg. Nine-tenths of an iceberg is out of sight (below the water line). Likewise, nine-tenths of culture is outside of conscious awareness. The part of the cultural iceberg that above the water is easy to be noticed. The out-of-awareness part is sometimes called “deep culture”. This part of the cultural iceberg is hidden below the water and is thus below the level of consciousness. People learn this part of culture through imitating models. / Above the water: what to eat, how to dress, how to keep healthy；Below the water: belief, values, worldview and lifeview, moral emotion, attitude personalty 2.Stereotype:定型主义 a stereotype is a fixed notion about persons in a certain category, with no distinctions made among individuals. In other words, it is an overgeneralized and oversimplified belief we use to categorize a group of people. 3.Ethnocentrism: 民族中心主义Ethnocentrism is the technical name for the view of things in which one’s own group is the center of everything, and all others are scaled and rated with reference to it. It refers to our tendency to identify with our in-group and to evaluate out-groups and their members according to its standard. 4.Culture:Culture can be defined as the coherent, learned, shared view of group of people about life’s concerns that ranks what is important, furnishes attitudes about what things are appropriate, and dictates behavior. 5.Cultural values: Values inform a member of a culture about what is good and bad, right and wrong, true and false, positive and negative, and the like. Cultural values defines what is worth dying for, what is worth protecting, what frightens people, what are proper subjects for study and for ridicule, and what types of events lead individuals to group solidarity. 6.Worldview: A worldview is a culture’s orientation toward such things as God, nature, life, death, the universe, and other philosophical issues that are concerned with the meaning of life and with “being”. 7.Social Organizations: The manner in which a culture organizes itself is directly related to the institution within that culture. The families who raise you and the goverments with which you associate and hold allegiance to all help determine hoe you perceive the world and how you behave within that world. 8.Globalization: refers to the establishment of a world economy, in which national borders are becoming less and less important as transnational corporations, existing everywhere and nowhere, do business in a global market. https://www.wendangku.net/doc/0414162194.html,munication: Communication is any behavior that is perceived by others. So it can be verbal and nonverbal, informative or persuasive, frightening or amusing, clear or unclear, purposeful or accidental, communication is our link to the rest of the humanity. It pervades everything we do. 10.Elements of communication process:交流过程的基本原理 （1）.context: The interrelated conditions of communication make up what is known as context.

文化人类学期末复习资料

文化人类学期末复习资料 选择、填空、名词解释 1、文化人类学的三大支柱：考古学、语言学、民族学。 2、体质人类学：体质人类学家有时也叫生物人类学家。体质人类学研究人的生物性：如人类的起源及演化的过程、灵长类动物的行为与适应、现代人类种族的体质差异、形成因素等等。于是体质人类学就分为两个主要的领域：一是古人类学；二是今人类学。 3、田野调查法：也称为田野工作，是一种对一个社会及其生活方式亲身从事的长期性的调查和体会工作。是文化人类学家了解人类行为和收集文化资料最常采用的基本方法。 4、参与式观察：指研究者生活于他所研究的人群之中，参加他们的社会生活，观察正在发生的事情。 5、亲属称谓制度：人类的亲属关系表现在语言里就是人类学上所说的亲属称谓制度，这是社会文化中用来标明亲属关系的一套称呼系统。 6、泰勒：英国文化人类学的奠基人，是古典进化论的主要代表人物，被称为人类学之父，他是大学教坛上讲授人类学的第一人。代表作《原始文化》的出版标志着人类学的开始。 7、文化（泰勒）：文化包括知识、信仰、艺术、法律、道德、习俗和任何人作为一名社会成员而获得的能力和习惯在内的复杂整体。 8、泰勒认为宗教的发展：泛灵论（万物有灵论）、祖先崇拜（图腾崇拜）、精灵崇拜、多神崇拜、一神信仰。 9、泰勒提出泛灵信仰。 10、摩尔根：美国杰出的人类学家，1877年《古代社会》问世。摩尔根的社会进化观点把社会分为三个阶段：蒙昧社会、野蛮社会、文明社会。 11、摩尔根认为社会的五个进化过程：氏族、胞族、部落、部落联盟、国家。 12、博厄斯：美国民族学之父，代表作有《种族：语言和文化》、《原始艺术》、《人类学与现代生活》等。主要观点是文化相对论。 13、文化相对论：强调任何一种文化都有其特点，有自己的个性，在过去、现在、将来，任何文化在价值上都是平等的。即任何一个文化都有其存在的价值，各个文化没有优劣、高低之分，一切标准都是相对的。 14、文化相对论理论：博厄斯认为，各民族文化的价值是平等的，不能用高低等级加以划分。因此，评价一种文化的价值，不能以自己的文化为标准。不同文化背景有着不同的价值和功能，任何一种文化只能从该文化的内部去研究、去理解。 15、马格丽特米德：《来自南海》三部曲：《萨摩亚人的成年》（1928）、《新几内亚儿童的成长》（1930）、《三个原始部落的性别与气质》（1935） 16、本尼迪克特：代表著作是《文化模式》（1934）、《菊与刀》 17、马林诺夫斯基：英国社会人类学家，经验功能主义的代表人之一，田野调查方法提出第一人。代表著作有《澳大利亚的土著家族》、《西太平洋的航海者》、《原始社会的犯罪与俗》 18、《西太平洋的航海者》：作者马林诺夫斯基，1922年出版，本书主要描述

(完整word版)《管理学》经典案例、实例资料分析

《管理学》经典案例、实例资料分析 焦强 四川大学工商管理

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智慧树知到《跨文化商务沟通》章节测试答案

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跨文化交际练习

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民俗文化节策划方 案 1

民俗文化节策划方案 【篇一：民俗文化节策划方案】 民俗文化节 为全面实施素质教育，进一步加强中华传统文化教育。提高学生的道德素养，培养学生的民族精神、传统和美德，为学生的全面发展和终生发展奠定基础，开展“民俗文化节”活动，以“弘扬和培育民族精神”为主题，将德育教育放在首位，把民俗文化和弘扬培育民族精神纳入教育教学的全过程，精心设计活动内容和方式，引导学生树立正确的民族观，增强民族自尊心、自信心和自豪感，并把民族精神的传承与道德好习惯的养成结合起来。本活动为期一个月，从“五一”劳动节放假回校开始持续到端午节，在此期间展开关于名俗文化的各项活动。 活动流程 第一周： 1、关于名俗文化为主题的校园、班级文化的布置。 2、主题班会的开展。 第二周： 1、手抄报的评比。

2、周五班级板报的评比。 3、诗文朗诵比赛。 第三周： 1、“名俗文化”为主题的书画评比，展览。 第四周： 1、邀请家长共同参与周五下午开展的关于端午节的校园传统小游戏。如包粽子，用雄黄酒在孩子脑门写“王”，插艾叶，做香囊、编蛋带，撞蛋等。 一、加强领导，精心组织 把弘扬和培育民族精神纳入教育全过程，贯穿整个教育教学的各个环节，各个方面，积极营造弘扬和培育民族精神的氛围，使学生树立正确的世界观、人生观、价值观；树立热爱祖国，报效祖国和人民是最大光荣；树立为中华之崛起而努力学习的远大志向，继承和发扬伟大的中华民族精神和悠久的文化传统。加强校园文化环境建设，创设良好的育人环境。 二、广泛宣传，营造氛围

1．在此期间学校每周一举行庄严、隆重的升旗仪式，全体师生齐唱国歌。利用国旗下讲话对学生进行爱祖国、爱学校、爱集体、文明守纪、文明礼仪等教育。内容丰富，教育性强。 2．充分利用校园网、橱窗、板报和文化长廊等宣传阵地，大力宣传和弘扬民俗文化。专题为“民俗文化润我心”“民族精神代代传”，对中华优秀传统文化的内容进行宣传和介绍，在校园内营造学习中华优秀传统文化的良好氛围。及时把中华优秀传统文化进校园活动中的经验总结出来进行推广，对活动中典型的事例及时进行宣传，使中华优秀传统文化进校园活动能深入持久地开展下去。 3．营造出浓厚的校园氛围,确保活动有条不紊,丰富多彩。 （1）张贴有关宣传标语；把学生的优秀书画、摄影、制作成一幅幅壁挂，点缀教室、走廊，达到既美化环境，又鼓舞学生、启迪学生的目的。 （2）各班利用晨会、班会、等时间组织学生背礼仪规范、看经典书籍、唱文明礼仪歌曲、办手抄报和黑板报、写文明礼仪文章等。（3）建立班级名俗文化学习园地，形成独特个性的班级文化。 三、开展丰富的活动，进行民俗文化及民族精神教育 1.加强各种民俗节日的宣传，营造学习氛围。 2．将民俗文化与的主题班队会活动相结合，创新活动载体。