IC卡智能煤气控制系统外文文献 张军 17号

天津职业技术师范大学

Tianjin University of Technology and Education

基于IC卡智能煤气控制系统的设计英文翻

译

专业班级：应电1013班

学生姓名：张军

指导教师：许书云高工

学院：电子工程学院

2015 年6 月

1基本结构原理

IC 卡煤气表的外观与一般煤气表的外观基本相似，其安装过程也基本相同。IC卡煤气表的使用很简单，从用户的角度看，就时把IC卡卡片向煤气表里插一下。 IC 卡煤气表的工作过程一般如下：将含有金额的IC卡片插入煤气表中的IC卡读写器，经微机模块识别和下载金额后，阀门开启，用户可以正常用煤气。当用户用煤气时，煤气量采集装置开始对用煤气量进行采集，并转换成所需的电子信号供给微机模块进行计量，并在LCD显示模块上显示出来。当用户的用煤气金额下降到一定数值时，微机模块进行声音报警，提示用户应该去持卡交费购煤气。如超过用煤气金额，则微机模块会自动将电控阀门关闭，切断供煤气。直至用户插入已经交费的IC卡片重新开始开启阀门进行供煤气。

2特点

IC卡交易系统还具有交易方便、计算准确、可利用银行进行结算等特点。

3优越性

采用智能IC卡煤气表，可以为供煤气管理部门和用煤气户带来许多方便，可以为传统的供用煤气管理模式进行现代化改造提供基础性的技术支持。与传统的用煤气计量仪表相比，采用智能IC卡煤气表技术可以带来许多新变化。

1、对供煤气部门来说，可以实现先交费再供煤气的用煤气管理模式。它对解决煤气费拖欠的难题会有帮助。

2、改变了入户抄表收费的模式。采用智能IC卡煤气表及其管理系统，将可以从根本上改变由供煤气部门派人去千家万户抄表收费的模式。因此大规模采用智能IC卡煤气表技术，对降低供煤气部门的管理成本会有显著帮助。而使用IC卡进行交易结算，用户可以自主决定交费时间和数量，增大了用户的自主性。特别是随着人们家庭安全意识和隐私意识的增强，入户抄表和上门收费等随意进入私人住户的做法将逐渐不受欢迎甚至受到抵制，这是一个必须给予重视的社会发展趋势。

3、随着科学技术的发展，供煤气业也需要逐步实现用高科技手段进行供煤气管理。采用智能IC卡煤气表，将为运用计算机技术进行现代化管理奠定一个技术基础。

4、智能IC卡煤气表还有其他优点，比如可以有效地解决计量扯皮、用煤气纠纷、贪污煤气费、人情用煤气、用煤气统计困难等问题。

5、与远传抄表系统相比，智能IC卡煤气表具有使用和维护成本很低的优势，没有布线造成的混乱和高故障率等问题。

智能IC卡煤气表的以上优点，将会使其逐渐被接受并成为一种基本用煤气计量配置。

4基本功能分析

设计的好，智能IC卡煤气表可以实现许多功能。对于智能IC卡煤气表，哪些功能是必备的呢，下面来做一个简要分析。

1、从用户的角度看，智能IC卡煤气表的使用应简单明了，一看就会。

实际上，智能IC卡煤气表的使用也很简单，用户对智能IC卡煤气表的使用就是持卡交费购煤气和向煤气表中插入（或感应）一下IC卡卡片。为了方便用户使用，智能IC卡煤气表的液晶显示屏应设置有多种提示符号，并具有人性化的提示功能,比如友好的语音提示功能，有些煤气表已经具有了这样的功能，应考虑普遍采用。另外，智能IC卡煤气表应当具有造型美观，美化家居的特点。当然，也应当有一定的坚固性。

2、从管理部门的角度看。IC卡煤气表应当具备一些基本功能。

1) 统计功能。最好是采用每个月进行一次统计的方案。比如，每个月的最后一天，煤气表会将本月份的用煤气数据进行汇总并进行存储。当用户将IC卡插入（或感应）煤气表时，这些数据会自动回写到IC卡卡片上并通过卡片回写到计算机内。煤气表应当可以存储用户十年中每个月的用煤气量。

2) 一户一卡的功能。通过设立用户密码和用户校验码的方式实现一户一卡。即一个煤气表只能使用一个用户专用卡，其它卡片无效。这对提高煤气表使用的安全性具有帮助。

3) 补卡功能。用户的卡片有丢失的可能性，遇到这样的情况时，可以进行补。此时会发生两种可能性：一是卡片中没有金额时丢失，一是卡片中含有金额时丢失，这两种情况都给予了考虑。补卡通过管理软件进行作业。

3、从保护性和安全性角度看

阀门定时开闭功能。阀门定期开闭有利于阀门的长期正常工作。

卡座抗攻击保护功能。当有人将金属类具有破坏性的卡片插入卡座时，应不会对煤气表的正常使用产生影响，包括电量消耗。

掉电自动保护数据功能。掉电后，数据依然可以被保存。当恢复供电后，数据自动恢复。

欠电自动关闭系统的功能。当电池电压或电池容量掉到规定数值后，意味着电池可能已经快没有电了，此时，煤气表应会自动将阀门关闭并使系统处于休眠状态，并显示相应信息和提示。

当然，可以根据需要设置其它功能，从技术角度讲，智能IC 卡煤气表可以设置很多功能。

5社区IC卡煤气表管理系统的优势

用煤气管理系统是一个庞大的管理体系，智能煤气表是用煤气管理其中重要的一个环节，用煤气用户偷煤气、漏煤气、超负荷用煤气等现象一直是困扰煤气管理部门的普遍问题。

社区IC卡煤气表管理系统主要符合了当今各大煤气公司关于对煤气用煤气管理改革的所有需求，彻底解决了以往偷煤气、漏煤气、收费难、管理混乱等诸多问题。实现了自助购煤气、用煤气科学取费、安全管理等多项功能。

由此可见，IC卡煤气控管理系统将是煤气公司用煤气管理发展的必然趋势。传统普通煤气表需要定期派专人上门抄表催收煤气费，工作量大，给煤气公司供煤气管理带来很多的不便。如抄表不及时，距离远抄表，出现抄一只煤气表要跑几千米的情况，导致成本过高；数据返回不及时，不利于煤气公司的资金回笼；人工抄表需要等用户在家或者是需要敲门进入房间内，易打扰用户生活。

6技术指标分析

智能IC卡煤气表一般是放置在室内使用，因此对其使用环境要求并不高。只不过这种煤气表一般会放置在靠近厨房的位置，所以有一个防止煤气气侵蚀和油烟污染的问题。这些问题都不难解决。防止煤气气只要采用合理的密封技术，一般都能满足要求。而防止油烟污染，只要在IC卡卡座上做一些技术处理比如加防尘罩等就可以解决下面对几个重要的技术指标进行分析。

1、电池使用寿命指标。这是一个重要指标。煤气表在这方面解决的不好。有些煤气表要求用户几个月换一次电池，这就不科学。低功耗设计方案已经能使一只智能IC卡煤气表的不换电池工作时间提

高到8年甚至10年。如果达到这样的煤气平，对用户和供煤气部门都会是很方便的。当然，煤气表的机械计量部分和电器控制部分的使用寿命应当更高一些，更换电池后，应当可以继续使用一个较长的时间。

2、整表使用寿命。整表的使用寿命是一个值得探讨的问题。因为整表的使用寿命从理论上说，是由寿命最短的器件决定的。那么，使用寿命最短的器件是那个呢?按照国家标准，这个器件是煤气表，但实际上，煤气表的使用期限都远远超过国家标准规定的年限，可见，这个标准定的并不合理。从实际制造情况来看，要制造商承诺的寿命指标达到6年是合理的。但实际上，智能IC卡煤气表的使用寿命超过10年是完全可能的。

3、防潮湿及密封性能指标。密封问题上面已经提到过。只要对电器部分采用密封处理方案，加上一些防潮湿处理手段，达到85%以上的技术指标应当是没有问题的。

4、物理性破坏指标。一般说来，只要采用良好的整体性壳体保护措施，一般都能满足保护性要求。当然，使用IC卡的煤气表，其卡座是容易受攻击的部位，这是一个无法解决的问题。所以要考虑进行软件保护处理，使对卡座的攻击意义不大，即便卡座坏了，并不影响IC卡煤气表其它部分的正常工作。但从实际使用情况来看，这个问题并不严重。因为IC卡煤气表一般是安装在用户家里，使用对象明确，并且煤气表是用户的财产，没有特殊的理由，用户并不会攻击仪表。不能考虑无限制的加强仪表的抗攻击性，而是要对故意施加的破坏行为能够进行认定并进行相应处罚。

结论：随着科学技术的不断发展，智能IC卡煤气表将会不断发展完善。比如，这种在老式煤气表上取信号的模式，将会由先进的煤气流量信号提取装置代替，机械计量和机械显示部分会被淘汰，而表和阀将会集中在一体等等。总的说来，智能IC卡煤气表是一种先进的计量仪表，对这种先进仪表的大规模推广使用将会有力促进中国供用煤气管理的现代化进程。中国在这个方面的超前发展会使这种计量模式得到优先完善，并有可能成为中国的一个有竞争力的产品出口到其它国家。

1.Basic structure principle

The appearance of the IC card gas meter is basically similar to the appearance of the gas meter, and its installation process is basically the same. The use of the IC card gas meter is simple, from the user's point of view, when the IC card card to the gas inside and outside to plug. IC card gas meter in the working process as follows: in general will contain amount of IC card inserted in the gas meter IC card reader, after computer recognition module and download amount, to open the valve, the user can use gas. When the user when using gas, gas collection device began to collect the amount of gas and converted into required electronic signal, and supplies the interface of microcomputer measurement, and displayed on LCD module display. When the user with the amount of gas dropped to a certain value, a microcomputer module to sound the alarm, suggesting that users should go to the cardholder fee buy gas. Such as over the amount of gas, the microcomputer module will automatically shut down the electronic valve, cut off for gas. Until the user inserts have to pay IC card to start to open the valve for gas.

2.Characteristic

IC card trading system also has the characteristics of convenient transaction, accurate calculation, and can use bank for settlement.

3.Superiority

The intelligent IC card gas table, you can for coal gas management department and by households gas bring a lot of convenience, the traditional management mode of supply gas for modernization to provide basic technical support. Compared with the traditional gas meter, the smart card gas meter can bring many new changes.

1, The gas supply departments, can achieve the first payment again for gas gas management. It will help to solve the problem of arrears of gas costs will help.

2, Change the meter meter reading fee mode. The use of smart card gas meter and its management system, will be fundamentally changed from the supply of gas to the household meter meter reading fees. Therefore, the use of intelligent IC card gas meter technology, the reduction of the cost of the gas sector management will be significantly

help. While the use of IC card transaction settlement, the user can decide the payment time and quantity, increase the user autonomy. Especially with the enhancement of people family safety awareness and sense of privacy, home meter reading and home charges free to enter private households will be increasingly unpopular even resisted, this is a need to give importance to the social development trend.

3, With the development of science and technology, gas industry also need to gradually realize the use of high-tech gas management. The use of intelligent IC card gas meter will provide a technical basis for the modern management of computer technology..

4, Intelligent IC card gas meter and other advantages, for example, can effectively solve the measurement wrangling and gas disputes, corruption and gas bills, human with gas, gas statistical problems.

5, Compared with the remote meter reading system, intelligent IC card gas table has the use and maintenance of the advantages of low cost, no wiring caused by disorder and high failure rate.

The above advantages of the smart card gas meter will gradually become accepted and become a basic gas metering configuration

4.Basic function analysis

Good design, intelligent IC card gas meter can achieve many functions. For the smart card gas meter, which functions are essential, here to do a brief analysis.

1, From the user point of view, the use of smart card gas meter should be simple and clear, a look will.

In fact, the intelligent IC card gas meter is also very simple to use, the user of intelligent IC card gas meter is the use of card payment buy gas and inserted into the gas meter (or induced) about IC card card. For the convenience of the user, the intelligent IC card gas meter LCD screen should be set with a variety of symbolic cues, and has humanization prompting function, such as the friendly voice prompt function, some gas table has such a function, commonly used should be considered. In addition, the smart IC card gas meter should have a beautiful appearance, beautify the home characteristics. Of course, there should be some firmness.

2, From the perspective of the management department. IC card gas meter should have some basic functions.

1) Statistical functions. It is best to use a statistical program each month.. For example, the last day of each month, the gas meter will be used to collect and storage of gas data this month. When the user inserts the IC card (or sensing) gas meter, the data automatically writes back to the card and writes the card back to the computer. The gas meter should store the amount of gas per month of the user for ten years..

2) A card's function. By setting up a user password and user check code to achieve a card. That a gas meter can only use a user specific card, the other cards are invalid. This can help improve the safety of the gas meter..

3) Repair card function. The user's card has the possibility of missing, when encountered such a situation can be made to fill. There are two possibilities at this point: first, the card is not lost in the amount of the card, when the card contains the amount lost, the two cases are given to consider. The card is operated by management software.

3, from the perspective of protective and security

Valve timing opening and closing function. Valve regularly open and close the long-term normal work valve.

Card anti attack protection function. When the metal with destruction of the insertion of the card into the deck, should not the normal use of the gas meter impact, including power consumption.

Power off automatically protect data function. After power down, the data can still be saved. When the power supply, the data automatically resume.

The function of the automatic closing system of the electricity. When the voltage of the battery cell or battery capacity dropped to the specified value, means that the battery may have no electricity. At the same time, the gas meter should be automatically close the valve and the system is in a dormant state, and display the corresponding information and tips.

Of course, you can set other functions according to the need, from a technical point of view, smart IC card gas meter can set a lot of functions.

5.Advantages of community IC card gas meter management system

Gas management system is a huge management system, intelligent gas meter is the management of gas, the important of a link, with gas users to steal gas, gas leakage, overload by gas phenomenon has been troubled coal gas management department of the general problem.

Community IC card gas meter management system mainly in line with the current major gas company on the gas gas management reform and the needs of all, completely solve the many problems in the past to steal gas, gas leakage, hard charging, management confusion. Achieved a self-help gas, coal gas science fees, safety management and other functions.

Thus, the IC card gas control management system will be the inevitable trend of gas company gas management development. Traditional ordinary gas meter need to regularly assigned to the door reading collection of gas costs, workload, to the gas company for management of gas, bring a lot of inconvenience. Such as meter reading is not timely, long distance meter reading, copying a gas meter to run thousands of meters, resulting in high costs; data is not timely returned, is not conducive to the gas company's withdrawal from circulation of funds; to user manual meter reading at home or need to knock at the door and enter the room, easy to disturb the life of the user.

6.Technical index analysis

Intelligent IC card gas meter is generally placed indoors, so its use is not high environment. But this gas meter will generally be placed near the kitchen location, so there is a problem to prevent gas and gas erosion and soot pollution. These problems are not difficult to solve. To prevent the use of gas as long as the reasonable sealing technology, generally can meet the requirements. And to prevent soot pollution, as long as the IC on the block to do some technical processing such as dust cover can be resolved.

Analysis of several important technical indicators.

1, Battery life indicator. This is an important indicator. The gas meter is not well settled in this aspect.. Some gas meters require the user

to change a battery for several months, which is not scientific. Low power design scheme has been able to make a smart IC card gas meter do not change the battery working time increased to 8 years or even 10 years. It would be convenient for the user and the gas department to reach the gas level.. Of course, the gas meter of the mechanical metering and electrical control part of the service life of the part should be higher, after replacing the battery, should be able to continue to use a long time.

2, The entire table service life. The life of the whole table is a question worth discussing.. Because the life of the entire table is theoretically determined by the shortest lifetime of the device.. So, the device using the shortest life is it? According to the national standard, the device is gas meter, but in fact, gas meter's use of the term are far more than national standard of life, visible, this standard is not reasonable. From the actual manufacturing situation, it is reasonable to meet the life target of the manufacturer for 6 years.. But in fact, the smart card gas meter of the life of the meter is entirely possible over 10 years.

3, Moisture and seal performance index. The sealing problem has been mentioned above.. As long as the electrical part of the use of sealing treatment, coupled with some moisture and moisture treatment means to reach more than 85% of the technical indicators should be no problem.

4, Physical damage index. Generally speaking, as long as the good overall housing protection measures, generally can meet the protection requirements. Of course, the use of gas meter IC card, the card is vulnerable parts, this is a can not solve the problem. So we need to consider software protection, on the deck of attack is of little significance, even if the card is bad, does not affect the IC card gas meter with other parts of the normal work. But from the actual use of the situation, the problem is not serious. Because the IC card gas meter is generally installed in the user's home, the use of the object is clear, and the gas meter is the property of the user, there is no special reason, the user will not attack the meter. Can not consider the non - limited to strengthen the instrument of the anti - attack, but to deliberately impose the failure of the act can be identified and corresponding punishment.

Conclusion: with the development of science and technology, the gas meter of the smart card will continue to develop and improve. For example, in the old gas meter signal model will by the advanced gas flow signal extraction device to replace, measurement and mechanical display part will be eliminated, and gauge and valve will be concentrated in one, and so on. Total to say, the intelligent IC card gas meter is a kind of advanced measuring instruments, large-scale promotion of the advanced instrument will effectively promote the modernization process of China for the supply and use of gas management. China's advanced development in this aspect will give this measurement mode priority, and may become a competitive product for China to export to other countries

交通信号智能控制系统外文文献及翻译

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智能照明系统的外文文献原稿和译文

智能照明系统的外文文献原稿和译文

Introduction Introduction With the continuous development of our economy, rapidly rising living standards, people working and living environment have become increasingly demanding, while the lighting system requirements have become more sophisticated, the traditional lighting technology has been a strong blow. On the one hand because of information technology and computer technology changes in lighting technology, providing technical support; the other hand, due to energy shortage, the state more and more attention on energysaving lighting, new lighting control technology to develop rapidly to meet with By energy conservation, comfort, convenience requirements. Lighting control lighting control from the traditional manual method, automated lighting control to today's intelligent lighting control. Intelligent lighting control system is based on computercontrolled alldigital platform, modular, distributed bus control system, the central processor modules communicate directly through the network bus, the bus makes use of lighting, dimming, blinds, scene control to achieve intelligent, and become a complete bus system. Can be based on changes in the external environment in the device automatically adjust the status of the bus to reach safety, energy conservation, human effects, and can use in the future, in accordance with the requirements of users through the computer Way to increase or modify the system's functionality, without having to relaying of cables, intelligent lighting control system, high reliability, flexible control, lighting control is the traditional way can not be done. The basic components and monitoring the contents of the system System The basic components and monitoring the contents of the system System components Intelligent lighting control system is usually dimmer module, switch module, input module, the control panel, liquid crystal display touch screen, smart sensors, PC interface, time management module, handheld programmer, monitoring computer (need to bridge a large network connection) and other components composition.

人工智能专家系统_外文翻译原文

附件 毕业生毕业论文(设计)翻译原文 论文题目远程农作物病虫害诊断专家系统的设计与实现系别_____ ______ _ 年级______ _ _ _ _ _ 专业_____ ___ ___ 学生姓名______ _____ 学号 ___ __ _ 指导教师______ ___ _ __ _ 职称______ __ ___ 系主任 _________________ _ _ ___ 2012年 04月22 日

EXPERT SYSTEMS AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Expert Systems are computer programs that are derived from a branch of computer science research called Artificial Intelligence (AI). AI's scientific goal is to understand intelligence by building computer programs that exhibit intelligent behavior. It is concerned with the concepts and methods of symbolic inference, or reasoning, by a computer, and how the knowledge used to make those inferences will be represented inside the machine. Of course, the term intelligence covers many cognitive skills, including the ability to solve problems, learn, and understand language; AI addresses all of those. But most progress to date in AI has been made in the area of problem solving -- concepts and methods for building programs that reason about problems rather than calculate a solution. AI programs that achieve expert-level competence in solving problems in task areas by bringing to bear a body of knowledge about specific tasks are called knowledge-based or expert systems. Often, the term expert systems is reserved for programs whose knowledge base contains the knowledge used by human experts, in contrast to knowledge gathered from textbooks or non-experts. More often than not, the two terms, expert systems (ES) and knowledge-based systems (KBS), are used synonymously. Taken together, they represent the most widespread type of AI application. The area of human intellectual endeavor to be captured in an expert system is called the task domain. Task refers to some goal-oriented, problem-solving activity. Domain refers to the area within which the task is being performed. Typical tasks are diagnosis, planning, scheduling, configuration and design. An example of a task domain is aircraft crew scheduling, discussed in Chapter 2. Building an expert system is known as knowledge engineering and its practitioners are called knowledge engineers. The knowledge engineer must make sure that the computer has all the knowledge needed to solve a problem. The knowledge engineer must choose one or more forms in which to represent the required knowledge as symbol patterns in the memory of the computer -- that is, he (or she) must choose a knowledge representation. He must also ensure that the computer can use the knowledge efficiently by selecting from a handful of reasoning methods. The practice of knowledge engineering is described later. We first describe the components of expert systems. The Building Blocks of Expert Systems Every expert system consists of two principal parts: the knowledge base; and the reasoning, or inference, engine.