lingquiz3

Quiz 3

I. For each group of words given below, state what semantic feature(s) are shared by (a) words and (b) words, and what semantic property or properties distinguish the classes of (a) words and (b) words. (40 points)

Example: a. widow, mother, sister, aunt, seamstress

b. widower, father, brother, uncle, tailor

(a) & (b) words are “human”._

(a) words are “female”___

(b) words are “”male__

(1) a. cake, biscuit, bun, pancake, scone

b. milk, alcohol, juice, soup, water

(a) & (b) words _____are food

(a) words _____are countable

(b) words _____are non-countable

(2) a. ugly, hideous, ghastly, plain, homely, unsightly

b. beautiful, lovely, pretty, attractive, handsome, presentable

(a) & (b) words ____are adjectives

(a) words ____are bad adjectives

(b) words ___are good adjectives

(3) a. ask, tell, say, talk, converse

b. shout, whisper, mutter, drawl, holler

(a) & (b) words ____ both are verbal acts.

(a) words ____ are verbal acts at normal volume

(b) words ____ are verbal acts above or below normal volume

(4) a. paper, parchment, notebook, notepad, exercise book

b. typewriter, pencil, crayon, quill, charcoal, chalk

(a) & (b) words ____are objects

(a) words _____are objects which are used to bear information

(b) words ______are objects which are used to write something

II. The following pairs of words show various kinds of sense relationships. Indicate the relationship of hyponymy, part/whole, synonymy, antonym or homonymy. In the case of antonym, indicate whether the pair is complementary, gradable or converse. (30 points)

(1) building/house (2) buy/sell (3) room/window (4) peaceful/tranquil (5) coat/sleeve (6) husband/wife (7) male/female (8) wet/dry (9) pass/fail (10) heavy/light

III. The following two utterances are produced by a Chinese learner of English. Are they correct English expressions? Why? (20 points)

1) There are some people came to watch football game.

2) My father often go to work in evening.

IV. Illustrate the differences between the two cognitive ways: metaphor and metonymy. (10 points)

1.Metaphor is used for substitution, while metonymy is used for association.

2.Metaphor can mean condensation and metonymy can mean displacement.

3.A metonymy acts by combining ideas while metaphor acts by suppressing ideas.

4.In a metaphor, the comparison is based on the similarities, while in metonymy the comparison is based on contiguity.