高三英语book 9 unit2 sailing the oceans知识点分析人教新课标

BOOK 9 Unit2 Sailing the oceans

目标认知

重点词汇：at the mercy of, nowhere, awkward，reference, tendency,

reliable, incident, departure, deposit, psychology,

重点句型：a. even though/if 的用法

b. as在从句中的含义

语法：谓语

精讲巧练

重点词汇

1. at the mercy of

【原句回放】The voyages of travelers before the 17th century show that they were not at the mercy of the sea even though they … (P12)

【点拨】at the mercy of 表示“受…的支配”相当于under the control of sb or in the power of sb.

如：They were lost at sea, at the mercy of wind and weather.

The people who were caught in the mountain had to be at the mercy of wild beasts.

【拓展】mercy 表示“仁慈；慈悲，幸运”，短语：show mercy to sb./have mercy on sb 对某人起了怜悯之心；without mercy 毫不留情的，

如：He showed mercy to his enemies and let them live.

It's a mercy that the explosion happened after the theatre.

【随时练】The police had no ______ on the prisoners and often were hard on them.

A. mercy

B. kindness

C. friendship

D. cruelty

Key: A

2. nowhere

【原句回放】Sea birds could be used to show the way to land when it was nowhere to be seen (P12)

【点拨】nowhere adv. not anywhere,意为“无处；任何地方都不”，置于句首时往往用倒装结构。

如：The new book you need is nowhere to be found.

Nowhere else in the world can there be such a beautiful place.

Where does this argument lead us? Exactly nowhere, we still don’t know the answer.

【拓展】anywhere adv.在任何地方（常用于否定句和疑问句），somewhere adv. 在某个地方，everywhere adv. 在任何地方（用于肯定句）,elsewhere adv.在（到）别处，如：This kind of hat is very common. You can get one anywhere.

Everywhere they went, the distinguished guests were warmly welcomed.

【随时练】Maybe you have been to many places, but nowhere else _______ such a beautiful palace.

A．can you find B. you could find

C. you can find

D. could you find

Key: A

3. awkward

【原句回放】 However, it was awkward to use as one of the points of reference was the moving ship itself.(P13)

【点拨】awkward adj. not well made for use or causing difficulty, 意为“难使用的；不便的的”，

如：The pan is an awkward shape.

Thursday is rather awkward for me; could we meet on Tuesday?

【拓展】awkward也表示“笨拙的，尴尬的，难应付的”，相当于lacking skill in moving the body or cause difficulty to those who are concerned or sensitive, 如：He's very awkward, he keeps dropping things.

There was an awkward silence, when no one knew what to say.

Don’t be awkward: we have to get this finished by 5 o’clock.

【随时练】The sky girl felt ______ and uncomfortable when she could not answer her teacher’s question.

A. amazed

B. awkward

C. curious

D. amused

Key: B

4. reference

【原句回放】However, it was awkward to use as one of the points of reference was the moving ship itself.(P13)

【点拨】reference n. act of looking at for information 意为“参考，查询”，还有“提及，证明信”的意思, 相关短语：in/with reference to 表示“关于”，without reference 表示“不管，与…无关”，

如：Keep this dictionary on your desk for easy reference.

When I was looking for a job, I asked my head teacher to give me a reference.

【拓展】refer（常与to 连用）表示“涉及；提到，参考”，be referred as表示“把…称作”

如：When I said someone was stupid, I didn’t refer to you.

If you don’t know what this means, refer to the dictionary.

【随时练】It was foolish of him to _____ his notes during that important test, and as a result, he got punished.

A．stick to B. refer to C. keep on D. point to

Key: B

5. tendency

【原句回放】The sextant was the updated version of the astrolabe and quadrant which reduced the tendency to make mistakes. (P13)

【点拨】tendency n. a natural likelihood of developing in a special way 意为“倾向，趋势”，短语：have a tendency to /towards…有…的倾向，也表示“修养，脾性”，

如：She is always had a tendency to be fat.

His tendency to speak ill remarks annoyed his roommates.

【拓展】区别：tendency 和trend ,两者都含“倾向”、“趋势”的意思。tendency 指“向某一方向移动或在确定的趋向中行动”,

如：show a tendency to improve 显示改善的倾向。

trend 指“总的趋向或倾向”,

如：a recent trend in literature 文学的最近倾向。

【随时练】It is a fact that there is a ______ towards regional cooperation.

A. attendance

B. tendency

C. pretence

D. fancy

Key: B

6. reliable

【原句回放】It proved to be the most accurate and reliable of these early navigational instruments. (P13)

【点拨】reliable adj. fit to be trusted, dependable 意为“可靠的；确实的”

如：She may forget— she’s not very reliable.

It's not reliable to judge a man only by his looks.

【拓展】rely vt. (与on连用) 表示“依赖，依靠”，reliance n. 信赖，信任； reliant

adj. 信任的，依靠的，

如：We shouldn’t be reliant on the military power alone.

Nowadays we rely increasing on computers for help.

【随时练】Peter is my close friend, who can be _______ what he promises.

A. relied on to do

B. relied to do

C. relied on doing

D. relying on doing

Key: A

7. incident

【原句回放】Our outward voyage in the “Bounty” to Tahiti had been filled with the kind of incidents that I thought would be my stories when I returned home. (P17) 【点拨】incident n. one event in a story or an event that includes violence, such as fighting and explosions,意为“事情，小事件；事变”

如：Were there any exciting incidents during your journey?

In a recent vicious incident two bombs exploded.

【拓展】区别：incident 和accident

incident指“不好的或异乎寻常的事件”可能是大事件，也可能是小事情；而accident 指“偶然的事故，意外”

如: John's had an accident: he's been knocked down by a car.

I met Jacob by accident in the cinema.

【随时练】A 23-year-old girl was seriously injured in a shooting _______ which occurred outside a prison on Saturday night.

A. incident

B. accident

C. thing

D. event

Key: A

8. departure

【原句回放】On our departure from Tahiti, some of the crew took over the ship. (P 17)

【点拨】departure n. the action of going away or leaving 意为“出发，离开”，还表示“背离，违反（常与from连用）”，

短语：take one's departure 动身, 离开；departure from 违反, 违背，

如：The departure of the train was delayed because of some reason.

The new system is a departure from our usual way of keeping records.

【拓展】 depart vi. （常与from连用）离开；出发, 背离; department n. 部门，科系，

如：When does the next train depart?

I’d like to depart from the main subject of my speech for a few minutes.

【随时练】The president’s ________ from office was marked by a special ceremony and the new president gave a speech to say thanks to him.

A. switch

B. arrival

C. attendance

D. departure

Key: D

9. deposit

【原句回放】They deposited the captain into a small boat to let him find his own way home. (P 17)

【点拨】deposit vt. to put sth. down in a particular place, or to put money in a bank ,意为“放下，存入，使沉积”

如：When the River Nile is in flood, it deposits a layer of mud on the fields.

You may deposit your returned books with the librarian.

She deposited her money in the bank.

【拓展】deposit 可用作名词，表示“沉淀物，押金”

如：You must pay a deposit to the hotel if you want them to keep a room for you during the

Olympic Games.

There is some deposit at the bottom of this bottle of wine.

【随时练】 The cheque was only _______ yesterday, so it hasn’t been cleared yet.

A. achieved

B. conducted

C. deposited

D. involved

Key: C

10. psychologically

【原句回放】It was starvation quantities but the extreme lack of water was the hardest to cope with psychologically. (P18)

【点拨】psychologically adv. from a psychological point of view, 意为“心理上地, 心理学地”

如：She was tough, both physically and psychologically.

【拓展】 psychology n. the science or study of the mind and how it functions 意为“心理学”；如：educational psychology 教育心理学；psychological adj. 心理的，psychological tests 心理测验； psychologist n. 心理学家；

如：The professor is a specialist of studying a criminal's psychology.

Is there any possible psychological explanation for his bad health?

【随时练】__________ it is a good idea to praise a child for their efforts.

A. Physically

B. Psychologically

C. Occasionally

D. Fortunately

Key: B

重点句型

even though/if

【原句回放1】The voyages of travelers before the 17th century show that they were not at the mercy of the sea even though they didn’t have modern navigational aids. (P12)

【原句回放2】 So seaman could follow the birds to land even if they were offshore and in the open sea. (P12)

【点拨】even though =even if 表示“即使”，引导让步状语从句，even so 表示“尽管如此”

如：Even though you know his address, how can you get there?

She will never change her mind even though you tell her the great harm again and

again.

【拓展】区别：as though/as if 表示“好像，似乎”引导方式状语从句，后面往往用虚拟语气，

如：He talked about the life in New York as though he had been living there for many

years.

【链接高考】

【考例1】There was never any time for Kate to feel lonely, _______ she was an only child.

A. ever since

B. now that

C. even though

D. even as

【答案与解析】选C。even though引导让步状语从句，句意是：即使她是唯一的一个孩子，她也没有时间感到孤独。

【考例2】Much of the power of the trade unions has been lost. _____ , their political influence should be very great.

A． As a result B. As usual C. Even so D. So far

【答案与解析】选C。even so 表示“尽管如此”，As a result 表示“结果”，As usual 表示“和往常一样”，So far 表示“到目前为止”。

【考例3】Allow children the space to voice their opinions, ______ they are different from your own.

A．until B. even if C. unless D. as though

【答案与解析】选B。even if表示“尽管，即使”，引导让步状语从句；unless表示“除非”，as though表示“好像”。

as在从句中的含义

【原句回放1】As the ship advanced through the water the knots were counted as they passed through a seaman’s hands. (p13)

【原句回放2】However, it was awkward to use as one of the points of reference was the moving ship itself.(P13)

【原句回放3】As dark fell, we seemed to face an uncertain future. (P17) 【点拨】as

用作连词时：

a.可引导原因状语从句。此时，as一般放在句首，语气较弱，较口语化；

b. 引导时间状语从句。多表示主句和从句的动作同时发生，具有延续的含义；

c. 引导让步状语从句。从句一般用倒装语序，即把表语或部分谓语提前；

d. 引导方式状语从句，译为“按照，正如”

如：He dropped the glass as he stood up.

Teacher as he was, he wasn’t able to educate his own child well.

He saw her, as they were both getting off the bus at the same time.

When in Rome, do as Romans do.

用作关系代词:

as用作关系代词引导非限制性定语从句时，注意区别which,两者都可以指代前一句话的内容，但which只能放在主句后面，而as的位置可在句首，也可放在句中，另外，as 常译为“正如，好像”而which 没有这个意思。

如：He invited us to dinner, which was very kind of him.

Taiwan is, as you know, an important part of China.

as 常用于下面结构：

①the same… as 结构中。如：Don”t make the same mistake as I did. 不要和我犯同样的错误。

②用于such… as 结构中。如：She is such a girl as we all like. 她是一个这样的女孩，以至于我们都喜欢她。

【链接高考】

【考例1】 Jenny was very sad over the loss of the photos she had shot at Canada, ______ this was a memory she especially treasured.

A. as

B. if

C. when

D. where

【答案与解析】选A。 as引导原因状语从句，译为“因为“。

【考例2】 ________, I have never seen anyone who’s as capable as John.

A. As long as I have traveled

B. Now that I have traveled so much

C. Much as I have traveled

D. As I have traveled so much

【答案与解析】选C。as引导让步状语从句时，表示“尽管，虽然”，常用倒装语序。

【考例3】 The Beatles, ______ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool.

A. what

B. that

C. how

D. as

【答案与解析】选D。as 引导非限制性定语从句，表示“正如”。

【考例4】_______ is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress.

A．It B. As C. That D. What

【答案与解析】选B。as引导的非限制性定语从句，译为“正如报纸报道的那样”，指代后面的整句话。

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美文阅读 1：生命的旅程
Do not undermine your worth by comparing yourself with others. It is because we are different that each of us is special. Do not set your goals by what other people think important. Only you know what is best for you. Do not take for granted the things closest to your heart. Cling to them as you would your life, for without them, life is meaningless. Do not let your life slip through your fingers by living in the past nor for the future. By living your life one day at a time, you live all of the days of your life. Do not give up when you still have something to give. Nothing is really over until the moment you stop trying. It is a fragile thread that binds us to each other. Do not be afraid to encounter risks. It is by taking chances that we learn how to be brave. Do not shut love out of your life by saying it is impossible to find. The quickest way to receive love is to give love. The fastest way to lose love is to hold it too tightly. In addition, the best way to keep love is to give it wings. Do not dismiss your dreams. To be without dreams is to be without hope. To be without hope is to be without purpose. Do not run through life so fast that you forget not only where you have been, but also where you are going. Life is not a race, but a journey to be savored each step of the way.
人生的旅程 不要跟人攀比而妄自菲薄，我们的独特之处正在于与众不同。 不要按别人的 标准设定目标，只有你自己才明白什么最合适。 不要对内心深处的东西漠然视之，对待它们要 像性命一样看重，没有它们生活就没有意义。 不要沉迷往事或者只在意将来而让生命从指缝间 流失。生活要一天天度过，生命的每一天才过充实。 只要还能给予就不要轻易放弃。除非你停 止努力，一切都没有真正终结。靠着脆弱的联系我们才聚在一起。 不怕遭遇风险，正是通过承 担风险我们学会了勇敢。 不要说爱情难觅而拘之门外，得到爱情的最快是奉献爱。失去爱的最 快方法是抓得太紧。 守护爱的最佳方式是给它装上翅膀。 不要摒弃梦想， 没有梦想就没有希望，
没有希望就没有目标。 不要匆匆忙忙过生活，忘记了曾经抵达何处，又举步何处。生活不是一 场赛跑，而是一次时时驻足观赏的旅行
美文阅读 2 ：永远的朋友
"A friend walks in when the rest of the world walks out." A Forever Friend Sometimes in life, you find a special friend: someone who changes your life just by being part of it; someone who makes you laugh until you can't stop; someone who makes you believe that there really is good in the world; someone who convinces you that there really is an unlocked door just waiting for you to open it. This is forever friendship. When you're down, and the world seems dark and empty, your forever friend lifts you up in spirits and makes that dark and empty world suddenly seem bright and full. Your forever friend gets you through the hard times, the sad times, and the confused times. If you turn and walk away, your forever friend follows. If you lose your way, your forever friend guides you and cheers you on. Your forever friend holds your hand and tells you that everything is going to be okay. And if you find such a friend, you feel happy and complete. Because you need not worry, you have a forever friend for life, and forever has no end.
“别人都走开的时候，朋友仍与你在一起。” 永远的朋友 有时候在生活中，你会找到一个 特别的朋友：他只是你生活中的一部分内容，却能改变你整个的生活；他会把你逗得开怀大笑； 他会让你相信人间有真情；他会让你确信，真的有一扇不加锁的门，在等待着你去开启。 这就 是永远的友谊。 当你失意，当世界变得黯淡与空虚，你真正的朋友会让你振作起来，原本黯淡、 空虚的世界顿时变得明亮和充实。你真正的朋友会与你一同度过困难、伤心和烦恼的时刻。 你 转身走开时，真正的朋友会紧紧相随。你迷失方向时，真正的朋友会引导你、鼓励你。真正的 朋友会握着你的手，告诉你一切都会好起来的。如果你找到了这样的朋友，你会快乐，觉得人 生完整。因为你无需再忧虑。 你拥有了一个真正的朋友， 永永远远，永无止境。
1

高三英语上学期期末考试试题B卷

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