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英语故事-七夕的民间习俗(中英对照)精编版

英语故事-七夕的民间习俗(中英对照)精编版
英语故事-七夕的民间习俗(中英对照)精编版

英语故事:七夕的民间习俗(中英对照)

【英文】

Chinese ceremonies

The seventh day of the seventh lunar month is the only Chinese festival devoted to love in the Lunar calendar.

Unlike St. Valentine''s Day in Western countries there is not so much emphasis on giving chocolates, flowers and kisses. Instead, Chinese girls prepare fruits, melons and incense(熏香) as offerings to Zhi Nu, the weaving maiden, praying to acquire high skills in needlecraft(裁缝), as well as hoping to find satisfactory husbands.

In the evening, people sit outdoors to observe the stars. Chinese grannies would say that, if you stand under a grapevine, you can probably overhear what Zhi Nu and Niu Lang are talking about.

Chinese Valentine's Day is also called "The Daughter's Festival". Long ago, Chinese girls aspired to becoming skilled craftswomen like the Weaving Maid. This skill was considered essential to their future as wives and mothers. On that night, unmarried girls prayed to the Weaving Maid star for the special gift. When the star Vega was high up in the sky, girls performed a small test by placing a needle on the water's surface: If the needle did not sink, the girl was considered to be ready to find a husband. Once a year, on this day, girls could wish for anything their hearts desired.

In some Chinese provinces, people believe that decorating an ox's horns with flowers on Chinese Valentine's Day will ward off disaster. On the night of Valentine's Day, women wash their hair to give it a fresh and shiny look; children wash their faces the next morning using the overnight water in their backyards for a more naturally beautiful appearance; and girls throw five-colored ropes made during the Chinese Dragon Boat Festival on the roofs so magpies can use them to build the bridge.

种生求子:旧时习俗,在七夕前几天,先在小木板上敷一层土,播下粟米的种子,让它生出绿油油的嫩苗,再摆一些小茅屋、花木在上面,做成田舍人家小村落的模样……

拜织女:"拜织女"纯是少女、少妇们的事。她们大都是预先和自己朋友或邻里们约好五六人,多至十来人,联合举办。举行的仪式,是于月光下摆一张桌子,桌子上置茶、酒。水果、五子等祭品…… 。 Chinese girls prepare fruits,

melons and incense(熏香) as offerings to Zhi Nu, the weaving maiden, praying to acquire high skills in needlecraft(裁缝), as well as hoping to find satisfactory husbands.

拜魁星:俗传七月七日是魁星的生日。魁星文事,想求取功名的读书人特别崇敬魁星,所以一定在七夕这天祭拜,祈求他保佑自己考运亨通……

拜"床母":台湾七夕除拜七娘妈之外,往往也另备小碗油饭到房中拜"床母",二者应有类似含意。生产、育儿,这都是女性无可替代的职责,因此这类神祇也都是女性神;在女性神与女性信徒之间,构成密切的联系,化解女性在承担母职时的焦虑与恐惧……

【中文】

七夕节最普遍的习俗,就是妇女们在七月初七的夜晚进行的各种乞巧活动。

乞巧的方式大多是姑娘们穿针引线验巧,做些小物品赛巧,摆上些瓜果乞巧,各个地区的乞巧的方式不尽相同,各有趣味。

在山东济南、惠民、高青等地的乞巧活动很简单,只是陈列瓜果乞巧,如有喜蛛结网于瓜果之上,就意味着乞得巧了。而鄄城、曹县、平原等地吃巧巧饭乞巧的风俗却十分有趣:七个要好的姑娘集粮集菜包饺子,把一枚铜钱、一根针和一个红枣分别包到三个水饺里,乞巧活动以后,她们聚在一起吃水饺,传说吃到钱的有福,吃到针的手巧,吃到枣的早婚。

有些地方的乞巧节的活动,带有竞赛的性质,类似古代斗巧的风俗。近代的穿针引线、蒸巧悖悖、烙巧果子、还有些地方有做巧芽汤的习俗,一般在七月初一将谷物浸泡水中发芽,七夕这天,剪芽做汤,该地的儿童特别重视吃巧芽,以及用面塑、剪纸、彩绣等形式做成的装饰品等就是斗巧风俗的演变。而牧童则会在七夕之日采摘野花挂在牛角上,叫做"贺牛生日"(传说七夕是牛的生日)。

诸城、滕县、邹县一带把七夕下的雨叫做"相思雨"或"相思泪",因为是牛郎织女相会所致。胶东,鲁西南等地传说这天喜鹊极少,都到天上搭鹊桥去了。

在今日浙江各地仍有类似的乞巧习俗。如杭州、宁波、温州等地,在这一天用面粉制各种小型物状,用油煎炸后称"巧果",晚上在庭院内陈列巧果、莲蓬、白藕、红菱等。女孩对月穿针,以祈求织女能赐以巧技,或者捕蜘蛛一只,放在盒中,第二天开盒如已结网称为得巧。

而在绍兴农村,这一夜会有许多少女一个人偷偷躲在生长得茂盛的南瓜棚下,在夜深人静之时如能听到牛郎织女相会时的悄悄话,这待嫁的少女日后便能得到这千年不渝的爱情。

为了表达人们希望牛郎织女能天天过上美好幸福家庭生活的愿望,在浙江金华一带,七月七日家家都要杀一只鸡,意为这夜牛郎织女相会,若无公鸡报晓,他们便能永远不分开。

在广西西部,传说七月七日晨,仙女要下凡洗澡,喝其澡水可避邪治病延寿。此水名"双七水",人们在这天鸡鸣时,争先恐后地去河边取水,取回后用新瓮盛起来,待日后使用。

广州的乞巧节独具特色,节日到来之前,姑娘们就预先备好用彩纸、通草、线绳等,编制成各种奇巧的小玩艺,还将谷种和绿豆放入小盒里用水浸泡,使之发芽,待芽长到二寸多长时,用来拜神,称为"拜仙禾"和"拜神菜"。从初六晚开始至初七晚,一连两晚,姑娘们穿上新衣服,戴上新首饰,一切都安排好后,便焚香点烛,对星空跪拜,称为"迎仙",自三更至五更,要连拜七次。

拜仙之后,姑娘们手执彩线对着灯影将线穿过针孔,如一口气能穿七枚针孔者叫得巧,被称为巧手,穿不到七个针孔的叫输巧。七夕之后,姑娘们将所制作的小工艺品、玩具互相赠送,以示友情。

在福建,七夕节时要让织女欣赏、品尝瓜果,以求她保佑来年瓜果丰收。供品包括茶、酒、新鲜水果、五子(桂圆、红枣、榛子、花生、瓜子)、鲜花和妇女化妆用的花粉以及一个上香炉。一般是斋戒沐浴后,大家轮流在供桌前焚香祭拜,默祷心愿。女人们不仅乞巧,还有乞子、乞寿、乞美和乞爱情的。而后,大家一边吃水果,饮茶聊天,一边玩乞巧游戏,乞巧游戏有两种:一种是"卜巧",即用卜具问自己是巧是笨;另一种是赛巧,即谁穿针引线快,谁就得巧,慢的称"输巧","输巧"者要将事先准备好的小礼物送给得巧者。

有的地区还组织"七姐会",各地区的"七姐会"聚集在宗乡会馆摆下各式各样鲜艳的香案,遥祭牛郎织女,"香案"都是纸糊的,案上摆满鲜花、水果、胭脂粉、纸制小型花衣裳、鞋子、日用品和刺绣等,琳琅满目。不同地区的"七姐会"便在香案上下工夫,比高下,看谁的制作精巧。今天,这类活动已为人遗忘,只有极少数的宗乡会馆还在这个节日设香案,拜祭牛郎织女。香案一般在七月初七就备妥,傍晚时分开始向织女乞巧。

七夕乞巧的应节食品,以巧果最为出名。巧果又名"乞巧果子",款式极多。主要的材料是油、面、糖、蜜。《东京梦华录》中称之为"笑厌儿"、"果食花样",图样则有捺香、方胜等。宋朝时,街市上已有七夕巧果出售,巧果的做法是:先将白糖放在锅中熔为糖浆,然后和入面粉、芝麻,拌匀后摊在案上捍薄,晾凉后用刀切为长方块,最后折为梭形巧果胚,入油炸至金黄即成。手巧的女子,还会捏塑出各种与七夕传说有关的花样。

此外,乞巧时用的瓜果也有多种变化:或将瓜果雕成奇花异鸟,或在瓜皮表面浮雕图案;此种瓜果称为"花瓜"。

直到今日,七夕仍是一个富有浪漫色彩传统节日。但不少习俗活动已弱化或消失,惟有象征忠贞爱情的牛郎织女的传说,一直流传民间。

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