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《高级英语》三杯茶课后翻译答案

Lesson 8 Three Cups of Tea (Excerpts) Translation

1. 当他被人从河里救出来时，几乎半死不活了。

2. 在我上一次访问这个村子时，那里还没有学校。现在一所小学已经屹立在山顶上。

3. 他恢复了知觉，睁开眼睛，想努力搞清楚发生了什么事，为什么他躺在那里。

4. 展览会上最吸引观众的是新奇的电子产品。

5. 温室里的许多奇花异草引起大家争先拍照。

6. 这位作家出生于一个大家庭，他的家谱可以追溯到十五代以前。

7. 当地少数民族在杀牲口前，先要举行一番宗教仪式，请求上苍允许他们杀生。

8. 村民们贫穷的事实并非说明他们就愚昧无知。

9. 志愿者们的共同努力使得项目开展起来了。

10. 登山者感到头晕，几乎站立不住，一是由于过度疲劳，也是因为太饥饿了。

参考译文

1. When he was saved from the river, he was more dead than alive.

2. On my previous visit, there was no school, but now one stands on the mountain.

3. As he came to himself, he opened his eyes, trying to figure out waht had happened and why he was lying there.

4. At the exhibition there were many novel electronic products that attracted the attention of visitors.

5. People were keen on taking pictures of the many exotic flowers and plants in the greenhouse.

6. This writer came from a large, prominent family whose genealogy streches back fifteen generations.

7. Before killing an animal, the indigenous ethnic people usually hold rituals to request permission from their God.

8. The fact that the villagers are poor doesn’t mean they are ignorant or stupid.

9. The volunteers made concerted efforts and got the project off the ground.

10. The climber felt so dizzy that he could hardly stand up, as much from over exhaustion as from starvation.

1.他把网上的流传当成一个笑话，不予理睬。（dismiss as）

He dismissed the story circulating on the Internet as a joke.

2.马克?吐温的《竞选州长》是一篇著名的短篇故事。(run for)

Mark Twain’s “Running for Governor”is a famous short story.

3.对于遭受灾难的人们，我们应该毫无保留地帮助他们。(reach out to)

We should reach out to those who suffer from disasters without reservation.

4.考虑到他们没有经验，他们的工作成绩还是相当不错的。(given)

Given their lack of experience, their work should be considered asquite good.

5.她是在华裔人占主导地位的社区里长大的。(predominantly)

She grew up in a community where the inhabitants were predominantly of Chinese origin.

6.心情不好不能成为你对同事粗暴的理由。(justify)

Being in a bad mood cannot justify your rude attitude toward your colleagues

7.警方把这件事视作“误解”而草草了事。(dismiss...as)

The police dismissed the incident as a case of misunderstanding.

57. 这些在贫困中成年的孩子很珍惜他们得到的每一个机会。(come of age)

These kids who have come of age in poverty treasure every opportunity they got.

58. 他们虽然克服了种种困难，终于在一个偏远的山村里建立了一所小学校。

After overcoming the odds, They succeeded in building a primary school in a remote village in the hills.

59.虽然地震的惊恐已经过去，但她还是惊魂不定，心有余悸。(haunt)

Although the earthquake shock was over, she was still haunted by fear.

60..越来越多的人懂得，经济的发展不能以牺牲生态环境为代价

More and more people have realized that economy should not be developed at the expense of the environment .

61.这几个年轻人凭着热情和努力白手起家干起了一番事业

With enthusiasm and effort ,these young people have built a business from scratch.

62.只有少数人实现了他们的梦想，大多数人没有成功

Only a few have realized their dreams and the majority failed to make it

63.肉类生产也是促成碳排放的原因

The production of meat contributes to carbon emissions too.

64.人类与自然的关系在许多早期的文学作品里就经常得以体现。(find expression)

The relations between man and nature have found expression in many early literary works.

1.这对农村和城市都一样适用。

This is true of the rural area as well as of the urban area.

2. 他指望他们给予支持。

He was counting on their support.

3.我不记得他是怎么说的，但我肯定他讲话的大意是那样的。

I don't remember his exact words, but I'm sure he did say something to that effect.

4．客人们对受到的热情接待感到过意不去。

The guests were overwhelmed by the warm reception.

5. 他们用出其不意的进攻打垮了敌人。

5. They overwhelmed the enemy by a surprise attack.

6. 他们的困难就是我们的困难，正如我们把他们的胜利看作是我们自己的胜利一样。Their difficulty is our difficulty just as we view their victory as our own victory.

7.很明显，德国法西斯企图使那个地区的人民屈服于他们的统治。

It is clear that German fascists were trying to subjugate the people in that region.

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Unit1 Paraphrase 1.Our house is 23 feet above sea level. 2.The house was built in1915, and since then no hurricane has done any damage to it. 3.We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage. 4.Water got into the generator, it stopped working. As a result all lights were put out. 5.Everyone go out through the back door and get into the cars! 6.The electrical systems in the cars had been destroyed/ruined by water. 7.As john watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the family by making the wrong decision not to flee inland. 8.Oh, God, please help us to get through this dangerous situation. 9.She sang a few words alone and then her voice gradually grew dimmer and stopped. 10.Janis didn't show any fear on the spot during the storm, but she revealed her feelings caused by the storm a few nights after the hurricane by getting up in the middle of the night and crying softly. Practice with words and expressions A 1.main:a principal pipe, conduit, or line in a distributing system for water, gas, electricity, etc.

翻译目的论视角下的《红楼梦》中茶文化翻译

摘要：《红楼梦》被誉为中国十八世纪的百科全书，书中详细的描述了清代的茶文化，为研究中国茶文化的发展历史留下了宝贵的资料。从饮茶之人爱喝茶的种类，便可以推断出他们的性格，这对通过典籍来了解中国文化的外国人来说是相当重要的一个因素。笔者从翻译的“动态对等”原则和翻译目的论的角度出发，对杨译和霍译的《红楼梦》中关于茶名称的翻译对比，探讨具有中国文化特色词汇的翻译方法，以便使中国的传统文化走向世界。关键词：茶文化；英译茶之名；动态对等；翻译目的论一、中国的茶文化中国是茶的故乡，也是茶文化的发祥地。早在神农时期，茶的药用价值已被发现，并由药用逐渐演变成日常生活饮料，进而形成了一种独特的文化。汉代文人提倡饮茶之举为茶进入文化领域开了个头。而到南北朝时，文化、思想领域又与茶套上了关系。在政治家那里，茶是提倡廉洁、对抗奢侈之风的工具；在词赋家那里，茶是引发思维以助兴的手段；在佛家看来，茶是禅定入静的必备之物。这样，茶的文化、社会功用已超出了它的自然使用功能，使中国的茶文化初现端倪。到了唐代，中国茶文化已基本形成。唐朝陆羽自成一套的茶学、茶艺、茶道思想，及其所著《茶经》，是一个划时代的标志，奠定了中国茶文化的理论基础。到宋代至明初，中国茶文化的发展可以说到了鼎盛时期。因此，我们说：“茶兴于唐、盛于宋。”到了清代，中国茶文化发展更加深入，茶与人们的日常生活紧密结合起来。茶馆的兴起，形成了一种特殊的“茶馆文化”，“客来敬茶”也已成为普通人家的礼仪美德。二、《红楼梦》中的茶文化只要一翻开这部古典名著，顿觉茶溢字里行间，芳香飘逸，此书写到茶有260多处，咏及茶的诗词（联句）有10余处，为中国小说所罕见，有人说：“一部《红楼梦》，满纸茶叶香。”《红楼梦》中记录了茶之名，茶之具，茶之水，茶之礼，茶之诗词。从这些角度不仅可以看出曹雪芹对茶的研究已经到了相当纯熟的阶段，更可贵的是他是借茶来烘托其中的人物性格。同时，也呈现了清代的茶文化欣欣向荣的景象。三、翻译目的论目的论是功能翻译理论的核心组成部分。翻译的目的是目的论中一个极为关键的概念。这有三种解释。（1）译者的目的（如为了金钱）；（2）译文的交际目的（如为了启迪读者）；（3）使用某种特殊的翻译手段所要达到的目的（如为了说明某种语言中语法结构的特殊之处而采用按其结构直译的方法）[1]。从以上的三种阐释中，我们重点来谈谈译文的交际目的。在这一解释中，我们也可以看出读者在翻译中的核心地位。一部译品能否广为流传，很大程度上取决于读者的接受程度。因此，译者在翻译前必须明确目的是什么，想要向读者传达什么思想，只有在目的明确后，翻译起来才能得心应手，初衷与反响才能相结合。译者应该以翻译目的论为基础，确立翻译的意图，以向读者传播介绍为手段进行翻译。要学会跳出文本的小圈子，站在读者与文化的大圈子中去进行翻译。只有把目的、对象都明确了之后，翻译时便能游刃有余了。同时，在这一过程中，译者要摆正自己的位置和心态，就是说自己始终起到纽带的作用，是一个传输文化思想与情感的媒介，不要带着要让作品成为经典的功利的思想去翻译，也就是要脱离文本[2]46。四、茶之名体现人之性

茶文化翻译

中国是一个文化历史悠久的(time-honored)国度，也是一个礼仪(ceremony and decorum)之邦。每当客人来访，都需要泡茶给客人喝。在给客人奉茶之前，你应该问问他们都喜欢喝什么类型的茶，并采用最合适的茶具奉上。奉茶期间，主人需要仔细留意客人的茶杯里的茶量。通常，若是用茶杯泡的茶，在茶喝完一半之后就应该加开水，这样，茶杯就一直都是满的，茶的芳香(bouquet)也得以保留。参考译文 China is a country with a time-honored civilization and also a land of ceremony and decorum. Whenever guests visit, it is necessary to make and serve tea to them. Before serving tea, you may ask them for their preferences as to what kind of tea they fancy, and serve them the tea in the most appropriate teacups. In the course of serving tea, the host should take careful note of how much water remains in the guests’cups. Usually, if the tea is made in a teacup, boiling water should be added into the cup when half of the tea in it has been consumed; and thus the cup is kept filled and the tea retains the same bouquet.