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【模拟地和数字地】《模拟地核》阅读训练题及答案

【模拟地和数字地】《模拟地核》阅读训练题及答案
【模拟地和数字地】《模拟地核》阅读训练题及答案

【模拟地和数字地】《模拟地核》阅读训练题及答案

模拟地核

前不久,美国科学家丹尼尔·莱思罗普、丹尼尔·赛森和伍德罗·休准备在实验室中再造一个地核模型,来研究地球磁场是怎样形成的。

那么科学家为什么要研究地球磁场?地球磁场有什么用呢?你可千万别小看这个磁场,它是自然界馈赠给人类最为珍贵的礼物之一。由于地球磁场能使宇宙中的高能粒子偏转,因此可以保护人类免受致命的宇宙射线的伤害。同时,地球磁场也可以排斥太阳风,从而阻止地球大气被太阳风吹走。否则,灾难将降临,地球家园将被毁灭,成为像火星一样的不毛之地。地球和火星及金星的大小和主要成分都差不多,但地球有磁场,而金星却没有,火星也在约40亿年前失去了磁场。

我们人类真的很幸运,但科学家们仍不免担心。既然和我们很接近的火星在约40亿年前失去了磁场,使火星的大气大部分被太阳风吹走,那么,是否有一天地球也会失去磁场或磁场改变方向而面临灾难呢?长期的测量表明,地球磁场正在慢慢变弱,而且磁场方向正在发生变化。当磁场反向时,南北磁极将交换位置,在转向的过程中,可能有一段时间地球磁场几乎是零。这段无磁场保护的时间可能只有几年,但也可能会经历更长时间。那时,人类生命将受到威胁。因此,我们有必要好好地研究地球磁场。而为了观测地球磁场的变化,人类必须建立一个精确的地核模型。

地核是由铁、镍等物质组成的一个大球体,温度达5000℃以上。地

核外层是由液态金属组成,由于地核外层的液态金属和内层的固态金属存在温差,外层的液态金属不断对流,会产生一些旋涡,从而产生了磁场。但是,地球究竟是怎样形成稳定的磁场的,现在还不清楚,这正是莱思罗普等人要制作地核模型的原因。

莱思罗普等人制作的地核模型是一个直径为3米的球体,里面装有14吨金属钠,将钠加热到110℃以上使其熔化,再用螺旋桨搅拌液体钠,可模拟地核中液体金属的对流。整个球体以7圈/秒的速度旋转,模拟地球的自转,以研究熔化的金属液体的流动是怎样产生复杂磁场的。他们接下来还准备用电脑来处理得出的实验数据,并进行进一步的研究。

5.对磁场是自然界馈赠给人类最为珍贵的礼物之一这句话,不属于其理由的一项是

A.奇妙的地球磁场能保护人类免受各种宇宙射线的伤害。

B.金星、火星的大小和主要成分都与地球差不多,但金星、火星没有生命,就是因为两者没有磁场。

C.地球磁场能有效排斥太阳风,阻止地球大气被太阳风吹走。D.地球磁场的磁极N(北)极和S(南)极是永恒不变的。

6.不属于科学家模拟地核实验,研究地球磁场原因的一项是

A.火星在40亿年以前失去了磁场,导致大气的大部分被太阳风吹走。

B.地球磁场正在缓慢变弱,并且其磁场方向也正在发生变化。C.地球磁场能使宇宙中的高能粒子偏转,防止灾难降临。

D.科学家们担心地球有一天也会像火星一样,失去磁场或磁场改变方向。

7.根据原文所提供的信息,以下推断不正确的一项是

A.电脑处理实验数据,将为莱思罗普等人的模拟地核实验提供很大的帮助。

B.地球之所以形成稳定的磁场,是因为地核外层的液态金属不断对流。

C.地球磁场一旦反向,将给人类生命造成巨大的威胁。

D.用来旋转地核模型的马达,应该安装在球体的外部。

参考答案

5.D(原文第三段说:当磁场反向时,南北磁极将交换位置。)6.C(促使科学家研究地球磁场的原因是他们的种种担心,即第三段中所说明的内容,而不是磁场的作用)7.B(地核外层的液态金属不断对流产生的是磁场,而不是稳定的磁场。原文第四段说地球究竟是怎样形成稳定的磁场的,现在还不清楚。)

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