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清华大学出版社-工程硕士研究生英语基础教程Unit1-16课后习题答案

清华大学出版社工程硕士研究生英语基础教程课后习题答案Unit1-16

Unit 1

A. Translate the following into Chinese. P7

1.Two noted Americans explain why it’s not what you earn-it’s what you learn. Belgians 比利时

1、两位美国名人解释为什么不是你所挣的而是你所学的更重要。

2.I have never thought I was better than anyone else, but I have always believed I couldn’t be outworked.

2、我从不认为我那时比其他任何人强，但我一直相信我当时干的活儿别人都赶不上。

3.Watching my money grow was more rewarding than anything I could have bought.

3、看着存款数增加比我当时原本可以买到的任何东西都更让我满足。

4. I took a genuine interest in their questions and was able to translate what they wanted into makeup ideas.

4、我发自内心地关心她们的问题，并能理解她们的愿望，给她们出些该如何化妆的点子。

5. I ended up selling a record amount of cosmetics.

5、结果我创下了化妆品销售量的最好成绩。

B. Translate the following into English.

1. She plans to set up her own bussiness

她计划自己创业（set up）

2.Attitude also matters.

2. 态度也很重要(matter)

3. she had polished all the furniture before the gusets arrived. (Host 主人hostess )

3.她在客人们到达之前把所有家具都擦亮了. (polish)

4.Some managers have no idea how to handle people. Conminute沟通

4.有些经理不知道如何与人打交道。(handle)

5.We finished the work in record time.

5.我们完成那项工程的时间打破了记录(record)

6.she likes everything to be in place before she starts working.(in place)

6.她喜欢东西都摆好以后再开始工作。（put in）

7.She often puts in 12 hours’ work a day.

7.她常常一天工作12小时.（acquire）

8. He acquired the information frome the newspapers.

8.他是从报纸上得到这一信息的.（acquire）

9. There’s an opening for an assistant in our department.

( Associate prefessor 副教授lecturer 讲师)

9.我们部门有一个助理的职位空缺.（opening）

10.the organization works to promote friendship between nations.

10.该组织旨在促进各国之间的友谊.（promote）

2．选择适当的时态填空。

(l) According to the time table, the train for London _C_ at seven o'clock in the evening.

A. was leaving B, has left C. leaves D. will leave

(2) You needn't hurry her. She _A_ it by the time you are ready.

A. will have finished

B. would finish

C. will have been finishing D will be finishing

(3) Darwin proved that natural selection _D_ the chief factor in the development of species.

A. has been

B. had been

C. was

D. is

(4) While Peggy _B, her brother is playing records.

A. reads

B. is reading

C. has read

D. has been reading

(5) It's been a long time since I B_, How are you?

A. had last seen you

B. saw you last

C. have last seen you

D. last was seeing you

(6) We _C on it for several hours, but we have not yet reached any conclusion.

A. work

B. are working

C. have been working

D. have been worked

(7) He said that he_C__ for Shanghai the next day.

A. will leave

B. has left

C. would leave

D. had left

(8) This is the first time I__B_ this kind of refrigerator.

A. saw

B. have seen

C. am seeing

D. see

(9) He__D__ this job before he moved into this city.

A. found

B. would find

C. was finding

D. had found

(10) I think this time yesterday he _A___ an English class in No, 3 Classroom Building.

A. was having

B. will have

C. had

D.would have

(11) By 2000, the university ___C_ 20000 postgraduates.

A. will be trained

B. trams

C. will have trained

D. will be training

(12) Since 1970, he___B_ in this bank and he loves the job very much.

A. has worked

B. has been working c. is working D. will be working

(13) I don't like to be disturbed if l__A__.

A. am working

B. wm work

C. work

D. have worked

(14) Before long, she__B__ all about the matter.

A. will have forgotten B will forget C. will be forgotten D. will have been forgetting (15) You can see the house__D__ for years.

A. isn't painted

B. hasn't painted

C. hadn't been painted

D. hasn't been painted

Unit2

A.Translate the following sentences into Chinese.

1. With the click of a mouse, information from the other end of the globe will be transported to your computer screen at the extremely fast speed of seven-and-a-half times around the earth per second.

1、要用鼠标点击一下，在地球另一端的信息马上就会以每秒钟绕地球七周半的惊人速度传输到你的电脑屏幕上。

2. Besides, if everyone shops on the Net, what will happen to the hundreds and thousands of shopping malls?

2、此外，如果大家都在网上购物，那么成千上万的购物中心该怎么办呢？

3. The huge power of electronic commerce (e-commerce) will change the face of trade dramatically.

3、电子商务的惊人威力会使贸易的局面发生激动人心的巨变。

4.the development of e-commerce may well bring the world into a brand new era of “e-lectronic currency”

4、电子商务的发展很可能会把世界带进一个“电子货币”的崭新时代。

5. As the Net pushes the economy ahead rapidly, the economy is also bringing the Net market forward, resulting in the Internet itself becoming the world’s largest emerging market.

5、在网络化高速地推动经济发展的同时，经济也反过来促进网络市场的发展，其结果是国际互联网本身将成为全球最大的新兴市场。

B.Translate the following into English.

1、今晚她很可能给我打电话。（likely）

1.She is very likely to ring me tonight.

2、我看不懂这篇文章（beyond）

2.Understanding this article is beyond my capacity.

3、新刷的一层油漆可使房间焕然一新（transform）

3. A fresh coat of paint can transform a room.

4、做事不先考虑总会导致失败。（result in）

4.Acting before thinking always results in failure.

5、他估计那项工作需要三个月。（estimate）

5.He estimated that the work would take three months.

6、我们相信这个协议将会积极地促进两国之间的贸易。（promote）

6.We believe that this agreement will positively promote the trade between our two countries.

7.新机场必将推动这个地区的旅行业。（push ahead）

7.The new airport will certainly push ahead the tourism in this region.

8、网络经济将对人们的生活产生重要的影响。（have significant influence on）

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/0315433397.html, economy will have significant influence on the people’s life.

9、在昨天的会议上，他提出了一个新的经济发展计划。（bring forward）

9.At the yesterday’s meeting, he brought forward a new plan for the economic development.

10、到目前为止，他们还没有找到遇难的渔船。（to date，wrecked ）

10.To date, they haven’t found the wrecked fishing boat.

Submarine 潜艇

选择适当的被动语态填空。

(l) That man _B___ to tell a lie.

A. was never known

B. has never been known c. will never be known D. is never known

(2) The children __C__ many times not to go near the street.

A. have told

B. told

C. have been told

D. were being told

(3) The new type of computer is going to_B__ the month after next

A. turn out

B. be turned out

C. will be turn out

D. will turn out

(4) After the synthetic_A__, engineers had a better choice for materials for construction.

A. had been developed

B. had developed c. to be developed D. being developed

(5) After being tested in many ways, this newly-designed machine will__C__ in the near future.

A. be taken action

B. come to use

C. be put into use

D. take its place

(6) His parents died when he was young, so he _C___ by his grandma.

A．was bred B. was fed C. was brought up D. was grown up

(7) Lead__D__ as a material for sculpture since the time of the early Greeks.

A. being used

B. has used c. is to use D has been used

(8) We heud that Mary ____a raise by her employer.

A. gave

B. had been given

C. will give

D. has given

(9) He ordered the work____ .

A. started at once

B. to be started at once c. to start at once D. at once to start

(10) He was ____ to be clever but dishonest.

A. thought as

B. thinking C．thought D. to think

Unit 3

A Put the following sentences into Chinese.

1.So, if you lose a key species, you might cause a whole flood of other extinctions.

1、所以，如果失去一个重要的物种，那也许会引起大量其他物种的绝迹。

2. Instead of depending on largely ineffective laws against illegal hunting, it gives local people a good economic reason to preserve plants and animals.

2、这种办法使当地人们可以为了经济上的原因而去保护动、植物，而不是依靠在很大程度上难以奏效的那些反非法偷猎的规章制度。

3. With corruption popular in many developing countries, some observers are suspicious that the money will actually reach the people it is intended for.

3、由于许多发展中国家普遍存在腐败，一些观察家对这些钱财实际上能否到达应该接受这笔财物的人们手中表示怀疑。

4. Sustainable management of forests requires controls on the number of trees which are cut down, as well as investment in replacing them.

4、森林的可持续管理既需要投资种植新树以取代被砍伐的数木，也需要对被砍伐树木的数量进行控制。

5. In theory, consumers would buy only this wood and so force logging companies to go "green" or go out of business.

5、理论上讲，消费者只能购买这些获得认可的木材，这将迫使伐木公司开始保护“绿色”，否则将无生意可做。

B. Put the following into English

1．这场特大洪水给长江中下游地区造成了严重的灾害。(do damage to)

1. The extremely heavy flood did great damage to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

2．这本畅销书对读者严生了深刻的影响o (impact on)

2. The bestseller had a great impact on its readers.

3．这辆旧自行车，我最多能付你5美元。(at most)

3. I can give you $5, at most, for the used bicycle.

4．他们的经济利益及政治权利都应当受到保护。(as well as)

4. Their political rights, as well as their economic benefits should be safeguarded.

5．这场突发疾病把我的假期计划搞得一团糟。(make a mess of)

5. The unexpected illness made a mess of my holiday plans.

6.如果你明智的话,你就再学习一年.(sensible)

6. If you are sensible you will study for another year.

7.倘若这本书没有其他人想借的话,你可以再续一个礼拜.(provided)

7. You may keep the book a further week provided (that) no one else requires it.

8.报界纷纷指责专题电视节目使用的粗鄙语言.(a flood of )

8. There was a flood of complaints from the press about the bad language used in the special TV show.

9、她的任务是把货物整齐地排列在商店橱窗里.(range)

9. Her task is to range the goods neatly in the shop window.

10、校长鼓励参加全国数学竞赛的选手们争取取得最好的成绩.(encourage)

10. The headmaster encouraged the candidates for the national maths competition to strive for the best results.

1．选择适当的比较级形式填空。

(l) Peter's record was ___ on the team．

A. not so good as all the players

B. not good as the players

C. not so good as any other player's

D. so good as not that of any player's

(2) The team is good. but not as good as____ .

A. ours

B. us C．we D. ourselves

(3) This tool is ____ that one.

A. as useful almost as

B. as almost useful as

C. almost as useful as

D. almost as useful than

(4) He will not be____ to vote in this year's election.

A．old enough B. as old enough C. enough old D. enough old as

(5) Bob's work proved ____ than that of others.

A. not much better B not more better C. no more as good D. not much as good

(6) They are____ my other neighbors.

A. as friendly

B. friendly than

C. friendlier as D．more friendly than

(7) I think he is___ than I.

A. elder three years

B. old three years

C. three years elder

D. three years older

(8) Can we do our work better with _____money and _____ people?

A. lesser...few

B. less...fewer

C. little...less

D. few...less

(9) She is ____ beautiful of the two sisters.

A. younger and more

B. more young and more

C. youngest and most

D. the younger and more

(10) He can run____ I do.

A. as faster than

B. faster as

C. as fast as

D. so fast that

(11) ____ , the worse I seem to feel.

A. When I take more medicine

B. The more medicine I take

C. Taking more of the medicine D More medicine taken

(12) Why is there ____ traffic on the streets in February than in May?

A. less

B. fewer

C. few

D. little

(13) Prices for cars in the U.S. can run____ $20.800.

A. as high as

B. so high as

C. as high to

D. so high to

(14) This room is____ that one.

A. three times big than

B. three times as big as

C. three times bigger

D. bigger three times than

(15) This year, the grain production was three times ____ last year.

A. as much as

B. as many as

C. as more

D. as much

Unit 4

Translation:

A. Put the following sentences into Chinese.

1. The trend began in earnest in 1995, when the Queen of England admitted that the Maori people of New Zealand had been shamefully treated, when the country was a British colony.

1、这个潮流是从1995年才真正开始的。当时英国女王承认当新西兰还是英国的殖民地时，新西兰的土著毛利人曾遭到英国人的羞辱。

2. Many political leaders, like most of their citizens, belong to post-war generations, who now look on the conflict as more than simply the victory of good over evil.

2、许多政治领袖，和他们的国民一样，属于战后的一代，他们现在认为那次战争并不是简单的正义战胜邪恶的战争。

3. But it's not just a sense of conscience, nor demands from pressure groups, witch lies behind these apologies.

3、支撑这些道歉的并不仅仅是良心的发现，也不仅仅是压力群体的要求。

4. The Swiss government is still trying to put right the public-relations disaster that resulted from their partial apology for Switzerland's dealings with the Nazis in the 1930s and 1940s.

4、瑞士政府仍然还在试图摆平一场公共关系的彻底失败，其发生的原因在于他们对他们国家在20世纪30和40年代与纳粹分子的交往所做的道歉是有失公允的。

5. So academic, in fact, that there is a concern that “sorry” might turn out to be the easiest word after all.

5、事实上，这些风险是如此的空泛，以至于有一种担心，认为“对不起”这个词居然会成为一个脱口而出的说辞。

B. Translate the following phrases into English.

1.对战争带来的灾害视而不见

1.to turn a blind eye to the sufferings of the war

2.50周年庆典

2.the 50th anniversary celebration

3.向…做出公正的道歉

3.to make public apologies to

4.适时地道歉

4.a well-timed apology

5.提升国家首脑的公众形象

5.to promote a head of state’s public image

6.解决公共关系危机

6.to put right the public-relations disaster

7.为过去的过错道歉

7.to say sorry for past wrongs

8.新近解密的文件

8.recently declassified documents

9.承认自己的过去的错误

9.to admit one’s own past wrongs

10.支付战争赔偿款.

10.to pay compensation for war damage

C. Translate the following sentences into English.

1. 我们希望日本政府能对他们在二战中对中国人民实行的暴行进行正式道歉。（make an apology for）

1.We hope that the Japanese government would make a formal apology to the Chinese people for their cruelties committed during the World War II.

2. 后来证实有两名旅客丧生。(turn out)

2.It turned out that two travelers had been killed.

3. 现在人们把电视机当作必备的生活用品之一。(look on… as)

3.People now look on a television set as an essential facility for life.

4. 对人民的疾苦视而不见的政治领袖是不会受到人民的拥护的。（turn a blind eye to）

4.The head of state who turns a blind eye to the people’s sufferings will not gain support from them.

5. 那位勇敢的年轻人冒着生命危险把这个小孩从湖里救上来。(take risk)

5.The brave young man risked his life in trying to save the child from the lake.

1．选择适当的不定式填空。

(l) It seems very difficult____.

A. to stop the child to cry

B. stopping the child to cry

c. stop the child crying D to stop the child crying

(2) We are glad to_____ when you needed our help.

A. help

B. having helped you

C. have helped

D. have helped you

(3) The teacher____ their exercises.

(4) The doctor found it difficult____ this infection.

A. in treating

B. to treat

C. for treating

D. in treating

(5) He couldn't help but _ when his toy car fell into the river.

A. cry

B. to cry

C. crying

D. will cry

(6) What____ next will be discussed at today's meeting.

(7) He sent his son to the doctor _ an X-ray check

A. gives

B. to give

C. being given

D. to be given

(8) The story was said to____ on the information from a reliable source,

(9) Mother warned____ the electric lamp,

(10) He finds it difficult____ himself to the

climate here.

A. to adapt

B. accustomed

C. get used

D. applying Unit 5

A ． Translate the following into Chinese.

1. The irony is that children start out as natural scientists, instinctively eager to investigate the world around them. 1、有讽刺意义的是，孩子就是天生的自然科学家，本能地渴望探索周围的世界。

2. This began a barrage of questions that lasted nearly two hours.

2、一下子一大堆这样的问题就提了出来，时间持续了将近两个小时。

3. Science is not just facts but the meaning that people give to them- by weaving information into a story about how nature probably operates. 3、科学不仅仅是事实，而是人们赋予它的内涵——即各项信息汇总成为大自然的有根据的运行实况。

4. Studies over the past three decades have shown that after asking a question, adults typically wait only one second or less for a response- no time for a child to think. 4、过去30年的研究也表明了这一点，当问了一个问题后，成年人一般等待回答的时间也就是1秒钟甚至更少，没有留出时间让孩子进行思考。 4. Instead, keep the ball rolling by saying, “That’s interesting” or “I’d never thought of it that way before”, or coming up with more questions or ideas. 5、反过来，要鼓励他们继续讨论，可以这样说“这个想法很有意思！”或者“我以前从来就没有这样想过。”或者，提出更多的问题和观点。 6.Real-life impressions of nature are far more memorable than any lesson children can extract from a book or TV program. 6、对孩子们来说，从书本和电视节目上学到的课程一点也没有他们对自然的亲身体会那么记忆深刻。

7. By sharing your children’s curiosity, you can give them a valuable lesson that extends far beyond the realm to experiment, in the face of difficulties. 7、通过分享孩子的好奇心，你还能给他们提供超出科学试验领域之外的如何面对困难的有价值的教诲。 B ．Translate the following into English. 1.一大堆问题

1. a barrage of questions

2.别冲动,不要急于回答问题

2. to resist the impulse to respond quickly to a question

3.不要给孩子规定去思考什么

3. rather than tell children what to think

4.鼓励他们说下去(使...不中断)

4. keep the ball rolling

5.安排活动方案

5. to manage the itinerary

6.面临困难

6. in the face of difficulties

C．Translate the following into English.

1.解说员的讲解非常有吸引力. (make… appealing )

1.The guide made her introduction very appealing.

2.简单点儿讲吧,别用那些专业术语了. (rather than)

2.Please use simple words rather than a lot of jargon.

3.不要急于回答，留出一些讨论的余地。（opening for discussion）

3.Please resist the impulse to respond quickly and leave some opening for discussion.

4.一些启发性的问题可以鼓励孩子思考。（leading question）

4.Some leading questions can help the children to think for themselves.

5.面临困难的时候坚持下去会取得回报。（in face of…; it pays…）

5.It pays to persist in the face of difficulties.

练习

1．选择适当的分词形式填空。

(1) Many things_____ impossible in the past are common today.

A. considered

B. to consider

C. considering

D. being considered

(2) The machine____ in our factory these days is a new type of electronic computer.

A. to produce

B. being produced

C. produce

D. to be producing

(3) The noise of desks____ could be heard out in the street.

A. being opened and closed

B. be opened and closed

C. opening and closing

D. having opened and

(4)____ that Barton had been promoted, his friends came to congratulate him

A. Having been heard

B. Being heard

C. To have heard D, Having heard

(5) ____ by the police, the kidnappers had no choice but to surrender.

A. Surrounding

B. Having surrounded

C. Surrounded

D. To surround

(6) Never___ faith in himself, James Watt went on with his experiment.

A. losing

B. to lose

C. lost

D. to be lost

(7) There are four factories in our institute,____ over 100 workers.

A. with each have

B. each having

C. each has

D. with each has over

(8)____ a bomb on the road, the car was stopped.

A. Having seen

B. The driver seeing

C. Seeing

D. After seeing a bomb

(9) The weather____ fine, they decided to go out for a stroll.

A. is

B. was

C. being

D. having

(10)____ in all parts of the country, pines are the most common trees in this part.

A. Found

B. Finding them

C. To find them

D. They are found

(11) Commercial banks make the most of their income from interest____ on Ioans and investments in stocks.

A. earn

B. earned

C. to earn

D. was earned

(12) Returning to my apartment,____ .

A. my watch was missing

B. I found my watch disappeared

C. I found my watch missing

D. the watch was missed

(13) Having been served lunch,____ .

A. the problem was discussed by the members of the committee

B. the committee members discussed the problem

c. it was discussed by the committee members the problem

D. a discussion of the problem was made by the members of the committee

(14) The police pursued the criminal continuously,____ .

A. and finally catch him

B. finally catching him

C. to catch him in the final

D. with a final catch

(15) She finished her work,____ .

A. tiring and wearing out

B. tired and wear out

C. tired and worn out

D. tiring and worn out

以分词的适当形式填空。

(1) The baby was wakened by the defening (deafen) sound.

(2) The wounded (wound) man was taken to hospital.

(3) This is a mistake often made (make) through negligence.

(4) A bus coming (come) from the opposite direction knocked down the cyclist.

(5) He sent away the barking (bark) dog at once.

(6) standing (Stand) on the top of the hill, we came in sight of the whole water fall.

(7)driven (Drive) by despair, many unemployed school-leavers have degenerated into criminals.

(8) All the planes departing (depart) for London are carefully searched and checked before taking off.

(9) A boy believed (believe) to have killed a roommate has escaped from the city.

(10) Most cars imported (import) from Japan are used as taxis.

Unit 6

A．Translate the following sentences into Chinese.

1.Engineers have had a direct role in the creation of most of modem technology- the tools, materials, techniques, and power sources that make our lives easier.

1.工程师在绝大部分现代科技的创新中发挥着直接的作用,例如,为使生活更轻松自如,我们靠他们才有了工具、材料、技术和能源等。

2.They develop complex scientific equipment to explore the reaches of outer space and the depths of the oceans.

2.他们开发复杂的科学设备来勘探外层空间和海洋深处.

3.They may work to reduce environmental pollution, increase the world's food supply. and make transportation faster and safer.

3.他们致力于减少环境污染,增加世界粮食的供应,以及使运输更加快捷和安全.

4.The construction of the gigantic Egyptian pyramids at Giza during the 2500s B.C.was one of the greatest engineering feats of ancient times.

4.公元前26世纪,在吉扎建造的巨大的埃及金字塔是古代最伟大的工程奇迹之一.

5.The growing interest in new types of machines and new sources of power to drive them helped bring about the Industrial Revolution of the 1700s and 1800s,

during which, their role expanded rapidly.

5.对新型机械和驱动这些机械的动力源不断增长的兴趣引发了18和19世纪的工业革命.在工业革命时期,工程师的作用得到迅速扩展.

B. Translate the following phrases into English.

1．一个健壮结实的孩子

1. a sturdy child

2．利用河流发电

2. to harness the river

3．在史前时期

3. in prehistoric times

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习题1 1.1选择题 (1) 一运动质点在某瞬时位于矢径),(y x r 的端点处，其速度大小为 (A)dt dr (B)dt r d (C)dt r d | | (D) 22)()(dt dy dt dx [答案：D] (2) 一质点作直线运动，某时刻的瞬时速度s m v /2 ，瞬时加速度2 /2s m a ，则一秒钟后质点的速度 (A)等于零 (B)等于-2m/s (C)等于2m/s (D)不能确定。 [答案：D] (3) 一质点沿半径为R 的圆周作匀速率运动，每t 秒转一圈，在2t 时间间隔中，其平均速度大小和平均速率大小分别为 (A) t R t R 2, 2 (B) t R 2,0 (C) 0,0 (D) 0,2t R [答案：B] 1.2填空题 (1) 一质点，以1 s m 的匀速率作半径为5m 的圆周运动，则该质点在5s 内，位移的大小是；经过的路程是。 [答案： 10m ； 5πm] (2) 一质点沿x 方向运动，其加速度随时间的变化关系为a=3+2t (SI)，如果初始时刻质点的速度v 0为5m·s -1，则当t 为3s 时，质点的速度v= 。 [答案： 23m·s -1 ] (3) 轮船在水上以相对于水的速度1V 航行，水流速度为2V ，一人相对于甲板以速度3V 行走。如人相对于岸静止，则1V 、2V 和3V 的关系是。 [答案： 0321 V V V ]

1.3 一个物体能否被看作质点，你认为主要由以下三个因素中哪个因素决定： (1) 物体的大小和形状； (2) 物体的内部结构； (3) 所研究问题的性质。解：只有当物体的尺寸远小于其运动范围时才可忽略其大小的影响，因此主要由所研究问题的性质决定。 1.4 下面几个质点运动学方程，哪个是匀变速直线运动？（1）x=4t-3；（2）x=-4t 3+3t 2+6；（3）x=-2t 2+8t+4；（4）x=2/t 2-4/t 。给出这个匀变速直线运动在t=3s 时的速度和加速度，并说明该时刻运动是加速的还是减速的。（x 单位为m ，t 单位为s ）解：匀变速直线运动即加速度为不等于零的常数时的运动。加速度又是位移对时间的两阶导数。于是可得（3）为匀变速直线运动。其速度和加速度表达式分别为 2 2484 dx v t dt d x a dt t=3s 时的速度和加速度分别为v =20m/s ，a =4m/s 2。因加速度为正所以是加速的。 1.5 在以下几种运动中，质点的切向加速度、法向加速度以及加速度哪些为零哪些不为零？ (1) 匀速直线运动；(2) 匀速曲线运动；(3) 变速直线运动；(4) 变速曲线运动。解：(1) 质点作匀速直线运动时，其切向加速度、法向加速度及加速度均为零； (2) 质点作匀速曲线运动时，其切向加速度为零，法向加速度和加速度均不为零； (3) 质点作变速直线运动时，其法向加速度为零，切向加速度和加速度均不为零； (4) 质点作变速曲线运动时，其切向加速度、法向加速度及加速度均不为零。 1.6 ｜r ｜与r 有无不同?t d d r 和d d r t 有无不同? t d d v 和t d d v 有无不同?其不同在哪里?试举例说明．解：（1）r 是位移的模， r 是位矢的模的增量，即r 12r r ，12r r r ；（2） t d d r 是速度的模，即t d d r v t s d d . t r d d 只是速度在径向上的分量. ∵有r r ?r （式中r ?叫做单位矢），则 t ?r ?t r t d d d d d d r r r 式中 t r d d 就是速度在径向上的分量，

隧道工程习题原题附答案绝对极品

第1章隧道工程勘测设计 1.隧道选址与线路选线有什么关系？ 2.确定洞口位置的原则是什么？请解释其工程含义。 3.在按地质条件选择隧道位置时，所需要的地质资料有哪些？如何考虑地形条件对隧道位置的影响？第2章隧道主体建筑结构 1.某新建铁路非电化曲线隧道，已知圆曲线半径R＝1200m，缓和曲线长l=50m,远期行车速度V=160km/h，隧道里程为：进口DK150+310；出口DK150+810；ZH点DK150+320；YH点DK151+000。试求：各段加宽值与隧道中线偏移值。要求按教材P32图2-7所示，表示清楚，并注明不同加宽的分段里程。( 注：超高值以取整，最大采用15cm；加宽值取为10cm的整数倍；偏移值取至小数点后2位） 2. 为什么说台阶式洞门能降低边仰坡开挖高度？第3章隧道附属建筑 1.什么是避车洞？避车洞的设置间距是多少？在布置避车洞时应该避开哪些地方？ 2.营运隧道的通风方式有哪些？什么是风流中性点？它与通风方式的关系怎样？ 3.为什么公路隧道要设置不同的照明亮度段？它们各自的作用是什么？第4章隧道围岩分类与围岩压力 1.影响围岩稳定性的主要因素有哪些？围岩分级主要考虑什么因素？围岩分级的基本要素是哪几种？我国铁路隧道围岩分级主要考虑哪些因素？已知某隧道所处围岩节理发育，Rb＝26MPa，试问这是属于哪一级围岩？ 2. 某隧道内空净宽，净高8m，Ⅳ级围岩。已知：围岩容重γ＝20KN/m3，围岩似摩擦角φ＝530，摩擦角θ＝300，试求埋深为3m、7m，15m处的围岩压力。第5章隧道衬砌结构计算

1.已知作用在衬砌基底面上的轴力N=870KN，弯矩M=墙底厚度h=，围岩抗力系数为 150MPa/m。试求墙底中心的下沉量及墙底发生的转角。 2. 什么情况下将围岩抗力弹簧径向设置？试推导径向设置的围岩抗力单元刚度矩阵。(注：抗力方向以挤压围岩为正) 3.一对称等厚平拱，衬砌厚度为50 cm，已知内力如图示，墙底抗力系数Kd=350 MPa/m,请求出墙底中心水平位移、垂直位移以及墙底截面转角(注：图中1、2、3为截面编号)。第6章隧道施工方法 1.采用台阶法施工时，影响台阶长度的主要因素是什么？环形开挖留核心土法是如何稳定开挖工作面的？ 2.在隧道分部开挖施工中，这些术语指的是开挖的哪些部位？落底、拉中槽、导坑、挖马口。 3.指出错误，并改正之：某隧道位于软弱破碎地层中，采用长台阶法施工。施工过程中发现洞室周边位移加速度等于零，因而断定围岩变形已经稳定。 4.指出错误，并改正之：新奥法施工时，隧道开挖后，为了调动围岩的承载能力，不宜立即喷射混凝土，而应经量测后，再施喷。为了隧道的稳定，复合式衬砌应在锚喷支护完毕后立即修筑内层模筑混凝土衬砌。第7章隧道钻爆施工作业 1.请解释“临时支护”、“初期支护”与“永久支护”的含义，并各举一例说明之。 2.某隧道的导坑，尺寸为×，Ⅴ级围岩，岩石等级为坚石f=8，采用斜眼掏槽，2号岩石硝铵炸药，药卷直径32mm,装药系数可取为。试问： ⑴炸药用量；⑵炮眼深度；⑶炮眼数量。第8章隧道施工的辅助坑道及辅助作业 1.隧道施工的辅助作业有哪些？