采矿专业英语二
采矿工程英语
English for Mining Engineering
Lesson 1 Blasting in Development Workings
开拓巷道爆破
Many patterns of hole rounds for blasting are round in practice. The nature of the ground to be blasted, the function of each hole, the kind of explosives used, the way in which the holes are loaded and fired, their number, diameter, depth, and spacing are to be considered for any particular round.
Round炮眼组/循环/扩槽；spacing 间距/间隔；burden抵抗线；explosive炸药；be proportional to 与…….成比例。
在实践中，炮眼组爆破的许多形式是环形的用于扩槽。每一个炮眼组要爆破岩层的性质,每个炮孔的作用,应用的炸药种类,炮孔装药及点火方式,炮眼数量,直径,深度,间距都要被考虑到。
However, the following principles are of general application: the Strength of the explosive should be proportional to the strength of the rock; the burden should be proportional to the strength of the explosive.
然而，以下规则普遍应用：炸药的强度应与岩石的硬度成比例(相称),抵抗线应该与炸药的强度成比例(相称)。
Drift, crosscut, adit, shaft or raise present a similar problem in breaking that only one free face is attached. To have more than one free face, most rounds initiate the break by a pyramid or diamond cut , V-cut and burn cut, then other holes are fired in succession.
平巷、石门、平硐、井筒或天井在爆破过程中都存在一个相同问题，即只有一个自由面。为了形成多个自由面，许多炮眼组开始利用锥形或菱形掏槽，V形掏槽及一字形(直线)掏槽爆破，然后依次起爆周围(其它)炮孔。
The V-cut is generally located at the center of the face. One of explosives most widely used for blasting in underground work is ammon-dynamite.
Locate 位于；ammon-dynamite硝铵炸药；emulsion explosive乳化炸药;
V形掏槽一般位于工作面中心。地下矿山爆破工作中应用最广泛的炸药之一是硝铵炸药。Modern mining practice indicates the short delay blasting is more and more widely used for breaking rocks.
Indicate指出/预示/暗示/象征；the short delay blasting 毫秒延期爆破；
现代采矿实践中毫秒延期(微差)爆破越来越广泛地应用于爆破岩石。
Apart from the initial fracturing of the rock by the explosive, the fragmentation in delay blasting is further influenced by the time interval between the shots. An instantaneous blast caused all rock to move together. The difference between these two types of blasts is a delay period which results in a better fragmentation.
Apart from除….以外；initial最初的；fragmentation爆炸/碎裂；fracture破裂/断面；
instantaneous瞬时的/立即的；apparently显然/俨然；
除了炸药爆炸所造成的最初的破裂外，借助于炮眼间时间间隔形成的延期爆炸所引起地破碎进一步加强了，瞬时爆破导致所有的岩石一起抛掷，这两种爆破的区别是延迟时间，其能导致较好的破碎。
This delay period will apparently depend on three factors: the type of rock, the burden of the shot hole, the shot hole spacing. The optimum delay period is mainly influenced by the type of rock。Optimum最佳条件/最适度；shot 爆破/炮眼；shot hole炮眼；
显然，延期时间取决于三个因素：岩石类型，炮眼的最小抵抗线，炮眼间距，最佳延期时间主要受岩石类型影响。
It is a common impression that the 15-to-25 millisecond delay at present available with short delay detonation is a suitable delay interval.
Millisecond毫秒；available可用的/合用的/通用的；impression印象/认为；detonation雷管；通常认为目前，15－25 毫秒的延期时间是合适的间隔时间，其与微差电雷管通用。Reading material:
Drilling and Blasting
钻眼爆破
There are two-approaches to this phase of shaft sinking. One consists of drilling and blasting the complete shaft bottom in one operation and is termed full-bottom. The second known as the benching method involves drilling and blasting one-half the shaft at a time.
Approach途径/方法/接近；phase阶段/局面/状态；bench 把…分成台阶形；shaft sinking井筒掘进；shaft bottom井底。
井筒掘进有两种方法，一种方法是由一次钻眼爆破整个井底叫做全井底方法(可译为：一种方法是井筒全断面一次爆破)，第二种方法被称作台阶法，一次钻眼爆破井筒断面的一半。
The advantages of the benching method are:
台阶法的优点：
1、A constant large capacity sump is provided which is of considerable benefit when sinking a wet shaft.
Sump水仓/水窝；constant经常的/不断的/经久的；benefit利益/好处；wet湿的；
当掘进有涌水的井筒时，提供一个大容量的永久水仓是有利的。
2、The time required to clean bottom after mucking is minimized; the remaining rock being blown into the sump.
Mucking装岩/抓岩;minimize减少到最低限度；blow放炮/爆破/(风)吹/喷水/喷气；；
装岩后需要清理井底的时间减少到最低值，剩余的岩石可被清理(吹)到水窝里去。
3、Fly rock up the shaft is minimized, As the shot rock is thrown against the opposite side of the shaft, Therefore, it is not normally necessary to move the stage before blasting.
stage阶段/吊盘；shot rock爆落岩石；
向上的飞石减到了最少，因为爆落的岩石被抛向井筒对面，因此爆破前通常不必移动吊盘。
When using a full-bottom round, extreme care must be taken to minimize the amount of powder per delay in the cut, This is done to avoid damage to the stage. The stage is usually withdrawn a
minimum of 150 feet from the bottom for blasting. This can involve a delay of 30 minutes or more because, as a safety precaution, the stage is not moved with men on the bottom.
Extreme 极度的/极端的/非常的；withdraw撤离/缩回；precaution 警惕/预防措施；
当采用全断面爆破时，必须非常小心地把掏槽眼的每段装药量减到最低。这样做为了避免破坏吊盘，吊盘通常撤离到距井底最少150英尺以躲避爆破，这可以包括在30分钟甚至更多的延期里，因为作为一项安全预防措施，人员在井底时，吊盘不能移动。
Lesson 2 Support of Mine Workings
矿山巷道的支护
Prior to mining operations, Strata are subject to a vertical compressive force due to the weight of the overlying beds. In addition, the rocks are subject to a lateral or sideways force, due to the fact that they are externally constrained and are thus unable to expand sideways, These vertical and lateral forces are in equilibrium or in other words they balance each other and the strata remain at rest in their natural position.
采矿作业之前，由于上覆岩层的重力作用，地层受到垂直压力。另外，岩层还受到水平(横向)的或侧向力。由于这个缘故，岩层表面上被抑制，不能侧向扩张(膨胀)，这些垂直的和横向的压力保持平衡，换句话说，它们相互平衡，地层在原位置静止不动。
prior to在….之前；sideways 横的(地)/斜的; excavation挖掘/采掘/巷道; Full-face～全断面掘进；shaft and drift～井巷掘进；winning~采掘空间/工作；
excavator挖掘机/电铲；single-bucket~单斗挖掘机；walking~迈步式挖掘机；dragline~索斗挖掘机；bucket－wheel~轮斗挖掘机；clamp~抓斗挖掘机；
externally外面/表面上；compressive有压力的/压缩的；lateral侧面的/旁边的/横向的；constrain 强迫/抑制/阻止；sink挖掘/沉降；roadway巷道/路；subject to 遭受/受到/根据；overlying beds 上覆岩层；in addition另外/还有；equilibrium平衡；be in equilibrium 保持平衡；
at rest静止/安静；a volcano at rest 静止的火山；set a question at rest把问题解决；operation 操作/工作运转；expand使膨胀/使扩张；
Once we make an excavation, however, as in sinking a shaft or driving a roadway, We disturb this state of equilibrium or balance and the vertical and lateral force are redistributed, so that new forces are induced which operate in a manner to restore equilibrium.
我们掘进一条巷道，如掘进一条井筒或开掘一条平巷，我们打破(破坏)了这种平衡状态，，垂直的和横向的压力重新分布，以致诱发了新的压力，其以某种方式起作用，促使恢复新的平衡。
This redistribution of the forces tends to cause the strata to move into the excavation. The greater the depth of the excavation the greater is the pressure upon the surrounding strata, If the rock are strong, and the excavation narrow, the movement will be slight and the excavation
may remain open.
压力的重新分布往往导致地层向巷道内移动，巷道所处深度越大，围岩的压力就越大，如果围岩稳固且巷道断面跨度小，围岩的移动是轻微的，巷道可不用支护(保持敞空)。
In most cases, however, especially in wide excavations, the strata break and supports have to be used, In such cases, If the supports are set early enough and are strong enough, they may prevent the strata from breaking, or If fracture has occurred, they will prevent the broken rocks from falling where the strata break。
然而，在多数情况下，尤其是巷道断面跨度大，地层破碎必须应用支护，在这种情况下，如果支护安装的及时且强度足够大，支护可以防止岩层破碎或者出现破裂(断面)。或在地层断裂处，可防止破碎岩石冒落。
it is impossible to prevent them from subsiding so that the real problem of support is one of roof control. The term roof control not only covers the actual setting of supports, but includes a study of the forces acting in the strata.
阻止岩层下沉是不可能的，如此支护的真正问题是顶板管理之一，顶板管理这个术语不但包括了实际的安装支护，而且包括了作用在地层中压力的研究。
and the application of supports suitable for the particular conditions existing in the mine, These conditions vary widely with the nature of the rocks and the system of working employed.
以及矿山中适合于特殊条件的支护的应用，这些情况(条件)随着岩石性质及使用的工作系统的变动很大。
The bed forming the roof of any narrow excavation may be regarded as a very large slab of stone resting upon the roadside pillars and carrying the weight of the overlying rocks.
The forces acting on and in this slab will be mostly compressive downward forces but other types of force also arise in the rocks around the roadway.
形成任何小断面巷道顶板的地层，可看作是一块很大的石板被支撑在路旁矿柱上，承载/托着上覆岩层的重量.作用在平板上面的和内部的压力，多数是向下的压力，但是巷道围岩中也产生了其它类型的压力。
The section of the roof bed immediately above the seam may be regarded as a beam fixed at both ends having a span equal to the width of the roadway. The weight of this beam and any pressure exerted upon it from above will cause it to bend, which tend to break it, The forces acting , even in the vicinity of a narrow roadway, are complex in character.
直接位于矿体上方的顶板岩层看作是两边固定的梁，其与巷道宽具有相同跨度，梁的重力及从上方作用于它的任何压力将导致它弯曲，使它断裂，即使在小断面巷道附近作用的压力性质也是复杂的。
In general, if the width of the excavation is increased so that the span of the “beam” is increased, the beam is more likely to break, although it is sometimes found in deep workings that roof conditions are better when the width of the roadway is increased within certain limit.
Beam梁/横杆；span 跨度；fix使固定/安装；vicinity附近/接近；in the vicinity of 在…..附近；
一般地，如果巷道的宽度增加了，相应使梁的跨度增加，梁更可能会断裂，虽然有时在深部巷道中，在一定限度内增加巷道宽度顶板情况较好。
Lesson three Permanent Roadway Supports
巷道永久支护
The amount of support required in permanent positions such as main roadways ,engine-houses, pump houses, etc. depends upon the character of the strata.
Permanent永久的；engine-houses机车硐室；
永久位置（服务年限长的位置）所需的大量支护，例如，主要运输巷道，机车硐室，泵房等等，取决于地/岩层的性质。
In some places, the ground may be so strong that roadways will stand almost indefinitely without artificial support, These underground roadways are unlined, sometimes even in broken ground, the roof breaks in such a manner as to form a natural arch. In such cases, however, great care is necessary to avoid accidents due to falling of detached pieces of rock.
在某些位置，岩层可能很坚固（稳固），巷道不需要人工支护而维持很长一段时间，这种巷道不需支护，有时即使在破碎地段/带，顶板破碎到一定程度，以致形成自然平衡拱，在这种情况下，需非常/特别小心，以避免分离岩块的冒落所造成的事故。
Brickwork and girders in combination with each other are often used for the support of shaft sidings, main roads and engine houses and afford a substantial and effective form of support for such situations.
砌旋和钢梁相互配合常用于支护井底岔道，主要巷道，机车硐室，为这些位置/地点提供了非常坚固有效的支护形式。
Brickwork砖墙/砖砌体；girder大梁/钢梁；siding(铁路的)侧线/岔线；side track旁轨；shaft-siding井底岔道/井底车场巷道；railroad siding 铁路岔线；
pit bottom sidings井底车场；shaft bottom 井底/井底车场；loop shaft bottom 或者loop-type pit bottom环形井底车场；straight-line-type～直线型井底车场；Zigzag-type pit bottom折返式井底车场;
shaft立井；access/drawing/haulage~提升井；air~风井；blind/interior~盲井；cage ~罐笼井；skip~箕斗井；skip-cage combination~混合井；central~中央立井；bricked ~砖砌井；concrete-lined ~混凝土壁立井；discharge air /upcast~回风井；
downcast ～进风井；drainage/pump~排水井；flooded～淹没矿井；footwall/underlay~在下盘中的斜井(沿矿脉倾斜开凿)；inclined~斜井；internal inclined~井下斜井/暗斜井；joint hoisting~提升通风两用井；joint ventilation~ 同时进风和回风的立井(用垂直隔墙隔开)；main ~主井；main winding~主提升井；main working~主生产井；subsidiary~副井；shaft sinking and drifting 井巷工程；shaft sunk by freezing冻结法凿井；simultaneous shaft-sinking一次成井
A common form of such support consists of brick side walls supporting steel girders, the girders should not be placed directly upon the brickwork, as this gives rise to local fracture, due to concentration of pressure at the points where the girders rest on the side walls.
This is avoided by inserting wooden wall plates or beams on top of the brickwork and setting the girders on the wall plates.
这种支护的普遍形式是由砖侧墙支撑着钢梁组成的，钢梁不应该直接接触砖墙，因为容易引起局部破裂，这由于钢梁抵在侧墙上造成接触处压力集中而形成的.
这种现象可以通过在砖墙上插入木垫板或木垫梁及在承梁板上安装钢梁避免。
A further precaution against crushing of the brickwork is to insert one or more crushing pieces or layers of timber in the brickwork.
The space between the girders and the roof should be well-lagged, and struts should be placed between the webs of adjacent girders to obviate any tendency for the girders to reel over.
进一步预防砖墙压坏的措施是在砌体中插入一层或多层碎木片或木块，钢梁和顶板间的空间应该安设背板，支柱(支撑)应安设在紧邻着钢梁的腹板间，以避免钢梁滚动/晃动。
Lag安设背板/板桩/滞后；lag on 插背板；explosion~ 爆炸延滞期；support~支护滞后；lagged 有背板的；
strut支柱/支撑；cross/lateral~横撑；inclined~斜撑；timber~木支撑；steel~钢支撑；web 腹板/连接板；
Adjacent临近的/接近的；obviate排除/消除/避免；reel over滚动/摇晃；crush压碎/压坏/破碎/支架毁裂；crushing压碎/破碎/压缩；coarse~粗碎；fine ~细碎；～of lead cylinder铅柱压缩；precaution against预防方法/措施
Pit-bottom siding and important main roads, especially in weak ground, are frequently lined with brickwork in the form of arching. Though costly to insert brick arching suitably designed and properly constructed, provides a strong and durable form of support. It should, however, only be employed in situations where the ground has settled, as it is liable to crack and collapse if used in ground subject to movement.
Arching 拱；durable耐久的/耐用的；liable易….的；be ~ to 易于……的/有…..倾向的；without careful investigation, you’re ~to come to wrong conclusions; 不仔细调查研究，你就会得出错误结论。
suitably合适地/适当的；properly适当地/完全地/彻底地；costly昂贵的/代价高的；collapse 倒塌/坍塌；crack裂开；settle变稳定。
井底车场和主要运输巷道，尤其位于松软的地层中，通常利用拱形形式的砖墙支护，虽然插入缓冲层费用高，但是砖拱合适地设计与适当地建造，可形成一种坚固耐用的支护形式，然而它只应用在地层稳定的地点，因为如果应用在遭受运动的地层中，砖拱就易于裂开和塌落。Lesson four Material for the Support of Mine Workings
巷道支护材料
In firm and coherent rocks the mine workings need not be supported, and they will remain for centuries, especially narrow drifts, workings, shafts and similar excavations. But also larger
workings remain in some rocks for a long time, arched chambers in particular stand up and last for an almost unlimited period of time.
In most rocks, however, it is necessary to support the mine workings.
Coherent凝聚性的/有凝聚力的；unlimited无限的；
chamber矿房/硐室；blasting~二次破碎室；caved～崩落的矿房/塌落的硐室；crusher~(地下)破碎机房；drill～钻眼硐室；dust～集尘室；fan ~扇风机房；mine-fills~充填砂仓(水砂充填)；pump~泵房；undercutting~拉底矿房；water～水仓；winder～绞车房；
timber木材；firm坚硬的/牢固的；stand up 坚持, 经得起；last for 持续/维持；
excavate挖掘/开凿；excavator 挖掘机；excavation巷道/采掘/挖掘/土方工程；
development～掘进巷道；full-face～全断面掘进；mining ~s 矿山巷道；open~露天开采；primary~初次回采；shaft and drift～井巷掘进；underground ~s地下巷道；winning ~s采掘工作；working~工作巷道;
workings矿内巷道/矿内工作区/开采；bench ~台阶式开采；stage ~阶梯式开采(金)；inverted steps ~倒台阶开采；open ~露天开采；blind ~s独头巷道；cross-measure ~s 穿层巷道/石门；deep mine working深井开采；level/horizontal ~s平巷；panel ~盘区开采；multi-seam~多层开采；rise ~上向开采/逆倾斜掘进；double～双翼开采；unidirectional~单翼开采；～home后退式开采；～out前进式开采;
矿山巷道布设在坚韧的岩石里不需要支护，且可以保持几个世纪不破坏，尤其是断面跨度小的平硐、平巷以及相类似的巷道，但也有大断面的巷道在一些岩石中可保持很长时间不破坏，特别是拱形硐室几乎能长久的维持而不破坏，然而在多数岩石里巷道需支护。
Materials for the support used are mainly:
所用的支护材料主要是：
1、pillars of the rock in which the mine is excavated.
矿井开拓时所留设的岩柱。
2、timber；木材
3、filling with waste material；废料充填
4、masonry of stone or bricks；masonry砌筑/砖工；
砖、石砌筑
5、masonry of concrete and cement blocks；
Concrete混凝土；cement水泥；block块料/砌块
混凝土和水泥块料砌筑
6、precast concrete;预制混凝土
7、solid concrete；固体混凝土(素混凝土)
8、reinforced concrete；钢筋混凝土
9、steel/metal props；金属支柱
Prop支柱；anchor ~锚杆；breaker ~s切顶排柱；friction~摩擦支柱；hydraulic~液压支柱；individual～单体支柱；yielding steel ~可缩性金属支柱；～up支起/支撑；
10、massive broken ore of low grade.
Massive块状的/厚重的；broken破碎的/已部分开采的；grade品位/等级
已部分开采的低品位的大块矿石。
11、a combination of the materials and methods listed above.
以上所列的材料和方法的联合使用。
To maintain the mine workings, the selection of a suitable method of working is the most important.
为了维护井巷,选择合适的支护方法是最重要的.
Using any type of support have to bear in mind first how large are the cross-sections of the very workings to be supported and how long we shall need them.
不论应用何种类型的支护，首先须考虑要支护巷道的横断面是多大及我们需应用多久(巷道服务年限)。
bear in mind记住/考虑；very恰好的；
section剖面/截面/采区；axial ~轴向剖面；center～中心剖面；clear～净断面；rough~毛断面；columnar strata ~s地层柱状图；exploratory line ~勘探线剖面图；formation ~地层断面图；geological (cross)~地质剖面图；profile/lengthwise/longitudinal~纵剖面；cross/bench～横剖面；near-surface~靠近地面的采区；worked-out~采空区；working~采区/工作区；
We support quite differently sections which we shall need permanently during the lifetime of the mines perhaps serve for centuries, and sections which serve only for some years or months, or even for a few weeks or days. In stopes, we support them only for quite a short time, and usually remove the support again when we do not need it any longer, then we speak of a temporary support.
在矿山服务年限中，也许是几个世纪都要长久利用的巷道，支护完全不同于只服务几年或几个月，甚至是几个星期或几天的巷道。在回采工作面中，我们只支护很短时间，并且通常当不再需要支护的时候，就再把支护移走，接下来我们谈谈临时支护的问题。
Permanently永久地；lifetime寿命/使用年限；
stope回采工作面/采场/矿房/回采；back~上向回采/倒台阶工作面；bottom ~下向回采/正台阶工作面；blast-hole~深孔崩落回采工作面；finished/drawn/emptied ~采空区；filled/filling~充填回采工作面；open~空场回采工作面；open~ with random pillars留贫矿为矿柱的空场法；open~ with regular pillars留规则矿柱的空场法；shrinkage ~留矿回采工作面；sublevel～分段回采工作面；
temporary暂时的/临时的；speak of 谈及/说到；
In choosing the method of support, we pay attention to:
在选择支护方法时我们注意：
1、the safety of miners’labour and the convenience of ventilation.
工人的劳动安全及通风便利（容易）。
2、the cost of the material to be used for support.
用作支护的材料的费用/成本大小。
3、the time necessary to erect the support, as a support which can be set up quickly is more
suitable. Erect安装/树立；
安装支护所需的时间，因为支护安装的越及时就越合适/好。
4、the possibility ease and cost of repairs, as repairs in the main haulage drives may seriously upset transportation.
Possibility可能性；ease小心移置；upset扰乱；
可能的移置及维修费用，因为在主要运输巷道的维修可严重地干扰运输。
5、the strength of the support
支护的强度
6、the life of the support
支护的寿命
管理学专用词汇
目标mission/ objective 内部环境internal environment 外部环境external environment 集体目标group objective 计划planning 组织organizing 人事staffing 领导leading 控制controlling 步骤process 原理principle 方法technique 经理manager 总经理general manager 行政人员administrator 主管人员supervisor 企业enterprise 商业business 产业industry 公司company 效果effectiveness 效率efficiency 企业家entrepreneur 权利power 职权authority 职责responsibility 科学管理scientific management 现代经营管理modern operational management 行为科学behavior science 生产率productivity 激励motivate 动机motive 法律law 法规regulation 经济体系economic system 管理职能managerial function 产品product 服务service 利润profit 满意satisfaction 归属affiliation 尊敬esteem 自我实现self-actualization 人力投入human input 盈余surplus 收入income 成本cost 资本货物capital goods 机器machinery 设备equipment 建筑building 存货inventory 经验法the empirical approach 人际行为法the interpersonal behavior approach 集体行为法the group behavior approach 协作社会系统法the cooperative social systems approach 社会技术系统法the social-technical systems approach 决策理论法the decision theory approach 数学法the mathematical approach 系统法the systems approach 随机制宜法the contingency approach 管理任务法the managerial roles approach 经营法the operational approach 人际关系human relation 心理学psychology 态度attitude 压力pressure 冲突conflict 招聘recruit 鉴定appraisal 选拔select 培训train 报酬compensation 授权delegation of authority 协调coordinate 业绩performance 考绩制度merit system 表现behavior 下级subordinate 偏差deviation 检验记录inspection record 误工记录record of labor-hours lost 销售量sales volume 产品质量quality of products 先进技术advanced technology 顾客服务customer service 策略strategy 结构structure 领先性primacy 普遍性pervasiveness 忧虑fear 忿恨resentment 士气morale 解雇layoff 批发wholesale 零售retail 程序procedure 规则rule 规划program 预算budget 共同作用synergy 大型联合企业conglomerate 资源resource 购买acquisition 增长目标growth goal 专利产品proprietary product 竞争对手rival 晋升promotion 管理决策managerial decision 商业道德business ethics 有竞争力的价格competitive price 供货商supplier 小贩vendor 利益冲突conflict of interests 派生政策derivative policy 开支帐户expense account 批准程序approval procedure 病假sick leave 休假vacation 工时labor-hour 机时machine-hour 资本支出capital outlay 现金流量cash flow 工资率wage rate 税收率tax rate 股息dividend 现金状况cash position 资金短缺capital shortage 总预算overall budget 资产负债表balance sheet 可行性feasibility 投入原则the commitment principle 投资回报return on investment 生产能力capacity to produce 实际工作者practitioner 最终结果end result 业绩performance 个人利益personal interest 福利welfare 市场占有率market share 创新innovation 生产率productivity 利润率profitability 社会责任public responsibility 董事会board of director 组织规模size of the organization 组织
采矿工程专业英语词汇册精编版
采矿工程专业英语词汇 册 公司内部编号：（GOOD-TMMT-MMUT-UUPTY-UUYY-DTTI-
采矿工程专业英语词汇手册 （Glossary of Special English in Mining Engineering ） 采矿工程专业内部讲义 二零零七年三月 Content Chapter 3 .1 Mining method (2) Chapter 3.2 Mine preplanning (3) Chapter3.3 Mine development (4) Chapter 4.1 Wall mining introduction (5) Chapter 4.2 Ground control aspects ..... (6) Chapter 4.3 Roof support system (7) Chapter 4.4 Longwall coal-getting machine (8) Chapter 4.5 Convey system (8) Chapter 4.6 Mine Vetilation (10) Chapter 5 Pillaring system (11)
Chapter 6 Roadway excavation and support (12) Chapter 7 Novel methods of mining (16) Chapter 3 .1 Mining method
mining method 采矿方法；mining operation 采矿作业；transportation 运输；ventilation 通风； ground control 顶板管理；the cost of per ton of coal 吨煤成本； recovery 回采率； subside v. subsidence n.地表沉陷； subsidence control 地表沉陷控制 cover 覆盖层； overburden 上覆地层；immediate roof 直接顶； floor 底板； dip （Pitch）倾角；hardness 硬度； strength 强度； cleavage 解理；gas，methane 瓦斯 daily operation 日常工作single operation 单一工序unit operation 单元作业auxiliary operation辅助作业cutting n. 切割，掏槽；blasting n. 爆破 loading n. 装煤 haul v. 运输，搬运 drainage n.排水 power n. 动力 power Supply 动力供应 communication n. 通讯lighting n.照明。 disruption in production 停产； reduction in production 减产； compromise 折衷 room and pillar 房柱式
采矿工程专业英语(部分重要文章翻译)
P1 二、复合难句： 1、Mining may well have been the second of humankind's earliest endeavors--granted that agriculture was the first. The two industries ranked together as the primary or basic industries of early civilization 如果说农业是人类最早的产业（文明）的话，那么采矿就理所当然地排在第二。这两种产业作为人类早期文明最原始或最基本的产业联系在了一起。 2、If we consider fishing and lumbering as part of agriculture and oil and gas production as part of mining , then agriculture and mining continue to supply all the basic resources used by modern civilization 如果我们把捕鱼业和伐木业作为农业的一部分，而石油和天然气产业作为采矿的一部分，那么农业和采矿业至今仍是现代文明所使用的基础资源的支柱 3、Here the term mining is used in its broadest context as encompassing the extraction of any naturally occurring mineral substances-solid , liquid , and gas-from the earth or other heavenly bodies for utilitarian purposes. 这里所说的采矿是指广义上的，因为它包括为实利目的而从地球或其他天体岩石中获取任何天然形成的固态、液态和气态矿物的开采 4、Mine：An excavation made in the earth to extract minerals 采矿：为了开采矿物而在地球上进行的一种挖掘 5、Mining: the activity , occupation , and industry concerned with the extraction of minerals 采矿业：一种与开采矿物有关的活动、职业和产业 6、Mining engineering: the practice of applying engineering principles to the development , planning , operation , closure and reclamation of mines. 采矿工程：运用工程原理生产、规划、运作和关闭（充填）以及对矿山再利用（复垦）的一种实践 7、Mineral：A naturally occurring inorganic element or compound having an orderly internal structure and a characteristic chemical composition , crystal form , and physical properties. 矿物：一种天然形成的无机元素或化合物（无机物），它有着有序的内部构造、特有的化学成分、结晶形式和物理性质。 8、Rock：Any naturally formed aggregate of one or more types of mineral particles
采矿专业英语词汇
英语材料 1采矿专业英语 1 概述 1 mining 采矿 2 underground mining 地下采矿 3 open cut mining, open pit mining, surface mining 露天采矿 4 mining engineering 采矿工程 5 mining technology 采矿工艺 6 underground mining 地下矿山 7 surface mining 露天矿山 8 exploitation 开采 scope of exploitation 开采范围； 9 10 exploration 勘探 11 mine feasibility study 矿山可行性研究 12 mine capacity 矿山规模 13 mine production capacity 矿山生产能力 14 mining schedule 采矿计划 15 annual mine output 矿山年产量 16 mine life 矿山服务年限 17 mine construction 矿山基本建设 18 mine construction period 矿山建设期限 19 arrival at mine full capacity 矿山达产 20 mining intensity 开采强度 21 rock mechanics 岩石力学 22 rock mass mechanics 岩体力学 2 地质
1 crust 地壳，外壳 mineral deposit 矿床 2 mine field 矿田 3 mine 矿山 4 orebody 矿体 blind orebody 盲矿体；buried orebody 隐伏矿体； irregular-shaped orebody 不规则矿体；marginal orebody 边缘矿体 5 vein 矿脉 6 ore 矿石 7 grade 品位 geological grade 地质品位；average grade 平均品位； cut-off grade 边界品位；economic grade 经济品位 8 industrial ore 工业矿石 9 extracted ore 采出矿石 10 hanging wall 上盘 11 footwall 下盘 12 bedrock 基岩 13 mineralization 成矿作用 14 mining area 矿区 15 outcrop 露头 16 reserve 储量 ore reserve 矿石储量；proved reserve 探明储量 17 strike 走向 18 dip 倾向 dip angle 倾角； 19 lead 铅 20 aluminium 铝 21 zinc 锌 22 tin 锡 23 mercury 汞
冶金专业英语词汇整理
v1.0 可编辑可修改 0000 专业英语词汇 1 总论 采矿mining 地下采矿underground mining 露天采矿open cut mining, open pit mining, surface mining 采矿工程mining engineering 选矿（学）mineral dressing, ore beneficiation, mineral processing 矿物工程mineral engineering 冶金（学）metallurgy 过程冶金（学）process metallurgy 提取冶金（学）extractive metallurgy 化学冶金（学）chemical metallurgy 物理冶金（学）physical metallurgy 金属学Metallkunde 冶金过程物理化学physical chemistry of process metallurgy 冶金反应工程学metallurgical reaction engineering 冶金工程metallurgical engineering 钢铁冶金（学）ferrous metallurgy, metallurgy of iron and steel 有色冶金(学)nonferrous metallurgy 真空冶金(学)vacuum metallurgy 等离子冶金(学)plasma metallurgy 微生物冶金(学)microbial metallurgy 喷射冶金(学)injection metallurgy 钢包冶金(学)ladle metallurgy 二次冶金(学)secondary metallurgy 机械冶金(学)mechanical metallurgy 焊接冶金(学)welding metallurgy 粉末冶金(学)powder metallurgy 铸造学foundry 火法冶金(学)pyrometallurgy 湿法冶金(学)hydrometallurgy 电冶金(学)electrometallurgy 氯冶金(学)chlorine metallurgy 矿物资源综合利用engineering of comprehensive utilization of mineral resources 中国金属学会The Chinese Society for Metals 中国有色金属学会The Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2 采矿 采矿工艺mining technology 有用矿物valuable mineral 冶金矿产原料metallurgical mineral raw materials 矿床mineral deposit 特殊采矿specialized mining 海洋采矿oceanic mining, marine mining 矿田mine field 矿山mine 露天矿山surface mine 地下矿山underground mine 矿井shaft 矿床勘探mineral deposit exploration 矿山可行性研究mine feasibility study 矿山规模mine capacity 矿山生产能力mine production capacity 矿山年产量annual mine output 矿山服务年限mine life 矿山基本建设mine construction 矿山建设期限mine construction period 矿山达产arrival at mine full capacity 开采强度mining intensity 矿石回收率ore recovery ratio 矿石损失率ore loss ratio 工业矿石industrial ore 采出矿石extracted ore 矿体orebody 矿脉vein 海洋矿产资源oceanic mineral resources 矿石ore 矿石品位ore grade 岩石力学rock mechanics
最全的采矿工程专业英语词汇总结
Chapter 3 .1 Mining method mining method 采矿方法； mining operation 采矿作业；transportation 运输； ventilation 通风； ground control 顶板管理； the cost of per ton of coal 吨煤成本；recovery 回采率； subside v. subsidence n.地表沉陷；subsidence control 地表沉陷控制cover 覆盖层； overburden 上覆地层； immediate roof 直接顶； floor 底板； dip （Pitch）倾角； hardness 硬度； strength 强度； cleavage 解理； gas，methane 瓦斯 daily operation 日常工作 single operation 单一工序 unit operation 单元作业 auxiliary operation辅助作业 cutting n. 切割，掏槽； blasting n. 爆破 loading n. 装煤 haul v. 运输，搬运 drainage n.排水 power n. 动力power Supply 动力供应communication n. 通讯lighting n.照明。 disruption in production 停产；reduction in production 减产；compromise 折衷 room and pillar 房柱式 by far 到目前为止 i n common with … 和…一样underground mining 井工开采outcrop 露头，露出地面的岩层；crosscut 联络巷、石门； drift 平硐； entry 平巷； development stage 开拓阶段；production stage 生产阶段； face 工作面。 continuous miner 连续采煤机；haulage capacity 运输能力； main entry 主巷。 barrier pillar 隔离煤柱； butt entry 区段平巷； property line 矿井边界线。shearer 滚筒采煤机 planer，Plow 刨煤机 surface mining 露天开采 auger mining 螺旋钻开采 rapid excavation 快速掘进hydraulic mining 水力采矿underground gasification 地下气化ocean mining 海洋采矿 Chapter 3 .2 Mine Preplanning Hercules【希、罗神】赫尔克里斯, 大力神--> Herculean, adj. 力气极大的；需要大力气的。herculean effort 巨大的努力inadequacy n.不足，缺乏。transportation facility 运输设备inflationary adj. 通货膨胀的,通货膨胀引
采矿名词中英文解释(比较全)
采矿名词中英文解释（比较全） 房柱式采煤法 每隔一定距离先采煤房直至边界,再后退采出煤房之间煤柱的采煤方法。 掩护支架采煤法 在急斜煤层中,沿走向布置采煤工作面,用掩护支架将采空区和工作空间隔开、向俯斜推进的采煤方法。 伪倾斜柔性掩护支架采煤法flexibleshieldmininginthefalsedip 在急煤层中，沿伪倾斜布置采煤工作面，用柔性掩护支架将采空区和工作空间隔开，沿走向推进的采煤方法。 倒台阶采煤法 在急斜煤层中,布置成下部超前的台阶形的工作面,并沿走向推进的采煤方法。 正台阶采煤法 又称“斜台阶采煤法”。在急斜煤层中，沿伪倾斜方向布置成上部超前的台阶形工作面,并沿走向推进的采煤方法。 水平分层采煤法 急斜厚煤层沿水平面划分分层的采煤方法。 斜切分层采煤法 急斜厚煤层沿与水平面成25－30°角的斜面划分分层的采煤方法。
仓储采煤法 急斜煤层中将采落的煤暂留于已采空间中,待仓房内的煤体采完后,再依次放出存煤的采煤方法。 伪斜长壁采煤法 在急斜煤层中布置俯伪斜长壁工作面,用密集支柱隔开已采空间,并沿走向推进的采煤方法。 长壁放顶煤采煤法 开采6m以上缓斜厚煤层时,先采出煤层底部长壁工作面的煤,随即放采上部顶煤的采煤方法。 水平分段放顶煤采煤法 在急斜煤层中,按一定高度分成若干个分段。在分段内先采出底部工作面的煤,随即放出上部顶煤的采煤方法。 放煤步距 用放顶煤采煤法时,沿工作面推进方向前后两次放煤的间距。 放煤顺序 放顶煤时,各放煤口放煤方式和次序。 放采比 用放顶煤采煤法时,上部放顶煤高度与下部工作面采高之比。 自重充填 曾称“自溜充填”。利用自重将充填材料送入采空区的充填方法。机械充填
专业采矿词汇
专业采矿词汇 公司内部编号：（GOOD-TMMT-MMUT-UUPTY-UUYY-DTTI-
采矿工程专业英语词汇手册 （Glossary of Special English in Mining Engineering ） 采矿工程专业内部讲义 二零零七年三月 Content Chapter 3 .1 Mining method
mining method 采矿方法；mining operation 采矿作业；transportation 运输；ventilation 通风； ground control 顶板管理；the cost of per ton of coal 吨煤成本； recovery 回采率； subside v. subsidence n.地表沉陷； subsidence control 地表沉陷控制 cover 覆盖层； overburden 上覆地层；immediate roof 直接顶； floor 底板； dip （Pitch）倾角；hardness 硬度； strength 强度； cleavage 解理；gas，methane 瓦斯 daily operation 日常工作single operation 单一工序unit operation 单元作业auxiliary operation辅助作业cutting n. 切割，掏槽；blasting n. 爆破 loading n. 装煤 haul v. 运输，搬运 drainage n.排水 power n. 动力 power Supply 动力供应 communication n. 通讯lighting n.照明。 disruption in production 停产； reduction in production 减产； compromise 折衷 room and pillar 房柱式
常用矿业英语词汇
常用矿业英语词汇 abandoned drives[?'b?nd?nd] [draivs]废巷道 abrasion resistance[?'brei??n][ri'zist?ns] 抗磨蚀能力abrasive [?'breisiv] 磨料 absorbent[?b's?:b?nt] 吸收剂 accessory equipment[?k'ses?ri] [i'kwipm?nt] 补助设备accessory minerals[?k'ses?ri] ['min?r?ls] 副矿物 access ramp ['?kses] [r?mp] 出入沟 accidental explosion [,?ksi'dent?l] [ik'spl?u??n] 意外爆炸 acid mine water['?sid] [main] ['w?:t?]酸性矿水 acid resistant['?sid] [ri'zist?nt] 耐酸的 acid rock ['?sid] [r?k]酸性岩 acidite['?sidait]酸性岩 activated charcoal['?ktiveitid] ['t?ɑ:k?ul] 活性煤 activator['?ktiveit?] 活化剂 adamellite [,?d?'melait] 石英二长石 adamic earth ['?d?mik] [?:θ] 红粘土 additive['?ditiv]添加剂 adhere [?d'hi?] 粘着 adhesion force[?d'hi:??n] [f?:s] 粘附力 Adit ['?dit]平硐An adit is a horizontal or nearly horizontal entrance to a mine. adit collar ['?dit] ['k?l?]平硐口 adit cut mining ['?dit] [k?t] ['maini?]平硐开采 adjustable prop [?'d??st?bl] [pr?p] 伸缩式支柱 anisotropic [?，nais?u'tr?pik] .各向异性的 adobe blasting [?'d?ubi] ['blɑ:sti?] 裸露装药爆破 adobe shot [?'d?ubi] [??t] 裸露装药爆破 advancement[?d'vɑ:nsm?nt, ?d'v?ns-] 掘进 advancing along the strike[?d'vɑ:nsi?] [?'l??] [straik] 沿走向掘进AFC- 工作面皮带输送机The armored face conveyor. Used on the coal face of an underground mine to protect the workers and convey the coal to the crusher Agate ['?ɡ?t] 玛瑙 Agglomerate [?'ɡl?m?r?t, -reit, ?'ɡl?m?reit] 火山角砾岩aggregate thickness['?ɡriɡ?t, '?ɡriɡeit] ['θiknis] 总厚度 Air Crossing- [ε?] ['kr?:si?] 气流交汇点A place where return air and fresh cross over but are still divided. air flow [ε?] [fl?u] 气流 air intake [ε?] ['inteik] 进气口 air leg [ε?] [leɡ]风动钻架 air vent [ε?] [vent] 气孔,排气口 Alunite ['?ljunait]明矾石 ANFO氨油炸药 angle of dip['??ɡl] [dip] 倾角 anthracite['?nθr?sait] 无烟煤 anticline['?ntiklain]背斜 anticlinorium[,?ntiklai'n?:ri?m] 复背斜 asbestos[?z'best?s] 石棉 asphalt['?sf?lt]沥青 asphyxia[?s'fiksi?], suffocation[,s?f?'kei??n], gassing ['ɡ?si?]窒息 associate bed [?'s?u?i,eitid] [bed] 伴生层 auger drill ['?:ɡ?] [dril] 螺旋钻 auger mining ['?:ɡ?] ['maini?]螺旋钻采矿法 augite['?:d?ait] 辉石 autoclave ['?:t?kleiv]: 高压灭菌器 a closed strong vessel for conducting chemical reactions under high pressure and temperature. back fill [b?k] [fil]:采空区充填classified tailings or waste rock used to fill voids created by underground mining. backfill cure ['b?kfil] [kju?] 回填物凝固
岩土工程专业英语考试复习资料
岩土工程专业英语 Fossil化石 石灰岩limestone 石英quartz 管涌piping 大地工程geotechnical engineering 反分析法back analysis method 数值岩土力学numerical geomechanics 土力学soil mechanics 岩土工程 geotechnical engineering 应力路径stress path 层理beding 地质年代geological age 断层 fault Normal，reverse 断裂构造fracture structure 花岗岩 granite 滑坡 landslide 节理 joint 喀斯特 Karst 泥石流 "mud flow, debris flow" 砂岩 sandstone 岩爆 rock burst 岩层产状 attitude of rock 岩石构造 structure of rock 岩石结构 texture of rock 岩体 rock mass 页岩 shale 云母 mica 褶皱 "fold, folding" 饱和土 saturated soil 非饱和土 unsaturated soil 膨胀土 "expansive soil, swelling soil" 碎石土 "stone, break stone, broken stone, channery, chat, crushed stone, deritus" 未压密土（台） underconsolidated clay 伊利土 illite 原状土 undisturbed soil 不均匀系数"coefficient of uniformity, uniformity coefficient" 干重度 dry unit weight 塑性指数 plasticity index 含水量"water content, moisture content" 达西定律 Darcy's law 渗流 seepage 渗透力 seepage force 渗透性 permeability 变形 deformation 变形模量 modulus of deformation 泊松比 Poisson's ratio 割线模量 secant modulus 剪胀 dilatation 蠕变 creep 塑性变形 plastic deformation 弹性变形 elastic deformation 有效应力 effective stress 最终沉降 final settlement 巴隆固结理论Barron's consolidation theory 次固结 secondary consolidation 固结 consolidation 残余强度 residual strength 长期强度 long-term strength 单轴抗拉强度uniaxial tension test 峰值强度 peak strength 抗剪强度 shear strength 摩尔－库仑理论Mohr-Coulomb theory 内摩擦角angle of internal friction 粘聚力cohesion 极限平衡状态state of limit equilibrium 临塑荷载critical edge pressure 被动土压力passive earth pressure 静止土压力earth pressure at rest 主动土压力active earth pressure 毕肖普法 Bishop method 条分法slice method 土坡 slope 挡土墙 retaining wall 重力式挡土墙gravity retaining wall 板桩结构sheet pile structure 锚固技术anchoring 管涌piping 基底附加应力net foundation pressure 抗滑桩 anti-slide pile 摩擦桩 friction pile 群桩效应 efficiency of pile groups 复合地基 composite foundation 桩土应力比 stress ratio 地震烈度 earthquake intensity 不固结不排水试验unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test 塑限试验 plastic limit test 液限试验liquid limit test 十字板剪切试验vane shear test 现场渗透试验 field permeability test 原位试验in-situ soil test
采矿英语词汇
采矿工程专业英语词汇手册 （Glossary of Special English in Mining Engineering ） mining method 采矿方法； mining operation 采矿作业；transportation 运输； ventilation 通风； ground control 顶板管理； the cost of per ton of coal 吨煤成本；recovery 回采率； subside v. subsidence n.地表沉陷；subsidence control 地表沉陷控制cover 覆盖层； overburden 上覆地层； immediate roof 直接顶； floor 底板； dip （Pitch）倾角； hardness 硬度； strength 强度； cleavage 解理； gas，methane 瓦斯 daily operation 日常工作 single operation 单一工序 unit operation 单元作业 auxiliary operation辅助作业 cutting n. 切割，掏槽； blasting n. 爆破 loading n. 装煤 haul v. 运输，搬运 drainage n.排水 power n. 动力power Supply 动力供应communication n. 通讯 lighting n.照明。 disruption in production 停产；reduction in production 减产；compromise 折衷 room and pillar 房柱式 by far 到目前为止in common with …和…一样underground mining 井工开采outcrop 露头，露出地面的岩层；crosscut 联络巷、石门； drift 平硐； entry 平巷； development stage 开拓阶段；production stage 生产阶段； face 工作面。 continuous miner 连续采煤机；haulage capacity 运输能力； main entry 主巷。 barrier pillar 隔离煤柱； butt entry 区段平巷； property line 矿井边界线。 shearer 滚筒采煤机 planer，Plow 刨煤机 surface mining 露天开采 auger mining 螺旋钻开采 rapid excavation 快速掘进 hydraulic mining 水力采矿underground gasification 地下气化ocean mining 海洋采矿 Hercules【希、罗神】赫尔克里斯, 大力神 Herculean, adj. 力气极大的；需要大力气的。 herculean effort 巨大的努力inadequacy n.不足，缺乏。transportation facility 运输设备inflationary adj. 通货膨胀的,通货膨胀引起的 inflation n.胀大, 通货膨胀, (物价)暴涨inflate v 膨胀，充气。 inflationary process 通货膨胀过程
与职位相关的英语词汇和短语
与职位相关的英语词汇和短语Editor-in-Chief 总编辑 Editor 编辑 Electrical Engineer 电气工程师 Electrical Engineer 电机工程师 Electronics Engineer 电子工程师 Electronics Technician 电子技术员 Emeritus Professor 名誉教授 Engineer 工程师 Engineering Manager 工程部经理 Engineering Technician 工程技术员;工程技师 English Instructor/Teacher 英语教师 Export Sales Manager 外销部经理 Export Sales Staff 外销部职员 F.X. (Foreign Exchange) Clerk 外汇部职员 F.X. Settlement Clerk 外汇部核算员 Financial Controller 财务主任 Financial Reporter 财务报告人 Foreman 工头(领班) Full-time Professor 专职教授 Fund Manager 财务经理;基金经理人 General Auditor 审计长 General Manager Assistant 总经理助理 General Manager/ President 总经理
General Manager抯Secretary 总经理秘书Guest Professor 客座教授Gynecologist 妇科医师 Hardware Engineer 计算机硬件工程师Hardware Engineer 硬件工程师 Herb Doctor 中医师 Host 节目主持人 Hostess 节目女主持人 Import Liaison Staff 进口联络员 Import Manager 进口部经理 Instructor 讲师 Insurance Actuary 保险公司核计员，理赔员Interior Decorator 室内装饰(磺)师 Intern Doctor 见习医生 International Sales Staff 国际销售员Interpreter 口语翻译 Journalist 新闻记者 Judicial Doctor 法医 Junior Engineer 初级工程师 Keypunch Operator 打卡员 Laboratory Technician 实验员 Lecturer 讲师 Legal Advisor 法律顾问 Librarian 图书管理员
矿业英语词汇
开采水平 mining level,gallery level 运输大巷及井底车场所在的水平位置及所服务的开采范围。 辅助水平 subsidiary level 在开采水平内,因生产需要而增设有运输大巷的水平位置及所服务的开采范围。 开采水平垂高 lift,level interval 又称“水平高度”。开采水平上下边界之间的垂直距离。 矿井延深 shaft deepening 为接替生产而进行的下一开采水平的井巷布置及开掘工程。 采区准备 preparation in district 采区(盘区、带区)内主要巷道的掘进和设备安装工作。 采区 district 阶段或开采水平内沿走向划分为具有独立生产系统的开采块段。近水平煤层采区又称“盘区(panel)”；倾斜长壁分带开采的采区又称(“带区(strip district)”)。 分段 sublevel 曾称“小阶段”、“亚阶段”、“分阶段”。在阶段内沿倾斜方向划分的开采块段。 区段 district sublevel 在采区内沿倾斜方向划分的开采块段。 分带 strip 在带区内沿走向划分的开采块段。 前进式开采 advancing mining (1) 自井筒或主平硐附近向井田边界方向依次开采各采区的开采顺序；(2) 采煤工作面背向采区运煤上山(运输大巷)方向推进的开采顺序。 后退式开采 retreating mining (1) 自井田边界向井筒或主平硐方向依次开采各采区的开采顺序；(2) 采煤工作面向运煤上山(运输大巷)方向推进的开采顺序。 往复式开采 reciprocating mining 前一采煤工作面推进到终采线位置后，相邻的后续采煤工作面按相反方向推进的开采方式。 上行式开采 ascending mining,upward mining 分段、区段、分层或煤层由下向上的开采顺序。 下行式开采 descending mining, downward mining 分段、区段、分层或煤层由上向下的开采顺序。