need,must用法及练习

一?用作实义动词

1. need sth.

这是need最常见的用法之一，其后的宾语可以是名词，也可以是代词。如：

1) . The soup n eed salt.

2) . They don nbed afraid any more.

3) . Does he n eed any help?

通常物做主语，n eed后面可跟动名词作宾语，这种情况下应注意两点：

① .主动形式的动名词doing具有被动的含义；

② .该动名词可以改为其动词不定式的被动形式而句子的意义不变。例如：

4) . The door n eeds painting.

=The door n eeds to be pain ted.

5) . Your car n eeds repairi ng.

=Your car n eeds to be repaired.

3. need to do sth.

作为实义动词，need后面需要接带to的动词不定式，表示有义务或责任去做某事。如：

6) . What do we n eed to take for the party?

7) . Will we n eed to show our ID card?

8) . I n eed to take good care of my sister.

①.没有人称和数的变化。不论主语是第几人称，不论主语是单数还是复数，情态都词都无形式变化；

②.不能单独充当谓语。情态动词必须与一个实义动词一起构成复合谓语，并且这个实意动词要始终是动词原形。

③.变为否定句时只需在情态动词之后加n ot。

9) . You needn't do it again

10) . He needn't worry about it .

④.变为疑问句时只需将情态动词提到主语的前面。例如：

11) . Need I type this letter aga in?

12) —Need I stay here any Ion ger?

—No, you needn ' t.

—Yes, you must.

三.用作名词

need作为名词，含义为缺乏，需要”其复数表示基本需要”要掌握两个词组：in (great) need of (急需) 与meet the needs o满足 ........ 的需要)。例如：

13) . There ' s no need for you to try again.

14) . The factory is in great n eed of fun ds.

"need+have+done ”表示本来需要做某事而没有做。“ needn't+have+done ”则表示"本来不需要做某事而做了" 。

I n eed n't have bought so much wine —only five people came.

He n eed have hurried to the statio n. In that case, be would n't have missed the trai n. you n eed not have said that

“ should+have+done "意思是"本来应该做某事，而实际没做。”“ shouldn't+have+done "表示本来不应该做某事，而

实际做了。含有指责对方或自责的含意。

1. Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday.

2. Look, Tom is cryin g. I should n't have bee n so harsh on him.

3 you should have told me

“ must+have+done "表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成"一定做过某事"，该结构只用于肯定句。

1. It must have rained last ni ght, for the grou nd is wet.

2. You must have bee n mad to speak to the serva nt.

1. must 表示“必须”、“应该”。例如：

① We must protect our en vir onment.

② Every one must obey the rule.

2. must 的否定形式must not 表示“不应该”、“禁止”、“不准”。语气比较强烈。例如：

① You mustn ' t speak like that.

② You mustn ' t be late for school.

3. 在回答must 的问句时，肯定形式用must 来回答，但否定形式用needn' t 或don' t have to 来回答。 而不用must n 't 来回答。例如：

① --- Must I be home before 8 o ' clock?（8 点之前我必须回家吗？）

---- Yes, you must. No, you needn ' t./No, you don ' t have to.

（是，你必须。） （不，你不必。）

4. must 还可表示推测，意思是“一定”、“必定”，一般只用于肯定句中。分三种情况：

1. ）对于现在状态的推测，我们用： must +v.（状态动词或系动词），例如：

① He must be at home.（ 他准在家里。）

② There must be some children in the room. （房间里准有些孩子。）

2. ）对于现在动作的推测，我们用： must +be + doing （行为动词），例如：

① They must be cleaning their room.（ 他们准是在打扫房间。）

② He must be watching TV.（他准是在看电视。）

3. ）对于过去事实的推测，我们用： must +have +过去分词，例如：

① It must have rained last night.（ 昨晚准是下雨了。）

② I didn ' t hear the phone. I must have been asleep. （我没有听至U 电话，我准是睡着了。）

练习

一. ________________ Choose the right answer. （）1. You any help, do you?

A. don ' t need

B. needn 't

C. need

D. doesn ' t need

()2. ---Must I stay at the office this afternoo n? ---No, you

A. don 't

B. needn 't

C. don ' t need

D. can 't

()3. Tom get up a little earlier tomorrow.

A. n eeds

B. n eed

C. n eed to

D. n eeds to

()4. Need the doctor _________ with you toni ght?

A. stayi ng

B. stay

C. stays

D. to stay

()5. Look! Your shirt is so dirty. It .

B.n eed to wash

C. n eeds wash ing

D. n eed wash 'the dema nd.

B.meet the n eed of

()8. Your room is full of dust. It ()9. David an yth ing to drink? A. Need, B. Needs, -\- C. Does …need D. Do …need

()10. You to the meeti ng tomorrow if you have someth ing importa nt to do.

A. needn ' t to come

B. don ' t need come

C. don ' t need coming

D. needn ' t come

二. Fill in the blanks using have to, have got to, must, should, ought to, had better.

1. You ____________ not get dow n un til the bus has stopped.

2. They ___________ be en couraged to speak En glish after class.

A. n eed wash ing ()6. The supply can A. meet n eed of C. meet the n eeds of D. meet n eeds of

().7. The hospital is A. in great n eed of C. in great n eed with blood.

B. on great n eed

of

D. on great n eed with

A. n eed clea n C. n eed to be clea ned

B. n eed clea ning

D. n eeds to be clea

ned

3. You ofte n ___________ wait a long time for a bus.

4. We ____________ go and see Mary tomorrow, but I don ' t think we will.

5.1 ____________ not miss my trai n.

6.Whe n traveli ng, you ____________ take care of your health.

7.ln some parts of the world, you _____________ boil the water before drinking it.

8.If you have a stomach pain, you ____________ drink hot weak tea.

9. You ____________ not swim immediately after a heave meal.

10. You ___________ not wake me up whe n you come in.

三.Tran slate

1. 他需要好好睡上一晚上。

2. 你需要理发了。

3. 我需要你查一下英语字典。

4. 你不必解释。

5. 我想要知道我们是否要带睡袋。

6. 我们不必在雨里站着。

7. 他昨天其实是不必去那儿的。

8. 你不必这么粗鲁。

9. 你一定是在开玩笑吧。

10. 她结婚时一定很年轻。

11 .我的妹妹准是在看电视现在。

12. 我本来不应该买这双鞋的。

13. 我本来需要去杭州的今年3月份。

KEY: 1-5. ABDBC 6-10. CADCD

情态动词must用法详解

情态动词must用法详解 (1) 表示“必须” 此时可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句，用于否定句时，mustn’t的意思是“一定不要”“不能”，而不表示“不必”。如： Water must be pure if it is to be drunk. 水如供饮用必须净化。 Must I finish the work tonight? 我必须今晚完成这项工作吗? Adverbs mustn’t be put between the verb and the object. 副词不能放在动词和宾语之间。 must主要表示现在或将来，但在间接引语中也可表过去(=had to)。如： She asked her boss if she must (had to) work overtime. 她请示上司她是否要加班。 对于must开头的一般疑问句，若作否定回答，可以用needn’t，不能用mustn’t。如：“Must I clean all the rooms?” “No, you needn’t.” “这些房间我都得清扫吗?”“不必。” (2) 表示推测 意为“准是”“一定是”，通常只用于肯定句。若用于否定句或疑问句，则用can 代之。如： That can’t be the only way. There must be other ways of solving the problem. 那不可能是解决问题的唯一办法，肯定有另外的办法。 Jane’s light is on. She must be at home. She can’t be out. 简的房间里开着灯。她一定在家，不会出去的。 若要谈论过去或完成的情况，必须用“must+have+过去分词”。如： You must have mistaken my intention. 你一定是误会了我的意图。 She must have been very young when she got married. 她结婚时一定很年轻。 He must have come this way; here are his footprints. 他一定是走这条路来的，这里还有他的脚印呢。 They must have finished their homework, for they are playing happily on the playground. 他们一定是写完作业了，他们在操场上玩得多开心呢。 (3) 表示“偏偏” 有时must可表示某事发生得不早不迟，就在某个当紧的时候，多指某些不受欢迎的事情的发生。如： The car must break down just we were starting our holidays. 我们刚刚开始休假，汽车偏偏坏了。 Must you worry her with questions, just when she is busy cooking dinner? 她正忙着做饭你干吗偏偏问她问题? Just when I was busy, the neighbor must come and chatter. 正当我忙碌的时候，邻居偏偏过来聊天。 有时还可指主观上的偏执或固执，常可译为“偏”“偏要”。如： After I gave her my advice，she must go and do the opposite. 在我给她出主意之后她偏要反着干。 Must you make so much noise? 你就非得弄出这么大的声音吗？ (4) must 与have to 的区别 两者都表示“必须”，但must 侧重于说话者的主观看法，认为有必要或有义务去做某事；have to 则重于客观需要，含有“不得不”“被迫”之意。如： Everyone must keep the law. 人人都要守法。 The last train has gone. We’ll have to walk home. 最后一班车已经开了，我们得走回家了。

would rather, rather than 与other than 用法总结Microsoft Word 文档

would rather,rather than与other than 用法总结would rather, rather than 与other than 这三个短语形式相近,意思相关,用法值得总结。 一、would rather的用法： 首先，我们注意到would do ...rather than do与would rather do...than do,这两个短语均是“宁可做...而不做...”的意思。其实，这两个短语非常容易掌握。Would是can系列情态动词（can, may, must，could, would, should, might, ought to, used to, shall, will）,其后必接动词原形。rather than是一个并列连词,根据对等原则，其后自然也接动词原形。如： She'd rather die than surrender.=She'd die rather than surrender. ①would do ...rather than do...与would rather do...than do…也可以颠倒为： rather than do…would do …。若选用的动词相同，那么than 后的动词还可以省略。如： I would rather have noodles than rice. Rather than work in such bad condition, he would give up. ②would rather do…than…, than 的前后要用两个同类的词或词组，如两个名词、两个不定式、两个介词短语等。如： I would rather go to work by bike than by bus. I would rather talk with his mother than with his father. ③ would rather 的否定形式为would rather not do ...。 He’d rather not work in the city than in the city countryside. 在疑问句式中，would rather 与would rather…than…中的would要放在主语之前 Would you rather stay here than go home? Which would you rather have, apples or bananas? Would you rather read a novel than read a poem? ④would rather that…that后接虚拟语气。如： He would rather that he got back home right now. ⑤如果只涉及主语本人而不涉及另一个人，则would rather之后不接that从句而接have done结构。如： I would rather have gone to the movies than stayed home night. He would rather be poor than have got money by dishonest methods． 其次，我们还要知道would prefer to do...rather than (to ) do...也是“宁可做...而不做...”的意思。这个短语的对等形式是Rather than do...would prefer to do...,只是此时rather than后必须省略to；“宁可做..”.的内容放在would prefer to do...之后，“而不做...”的内容放在rather than...之后，不能弄错。 We would prefer to listen to the teacher attentively in class rather than stay up late. Rather than stay up late we would prefer to listen to the teacher attentively in class. 再次，我们要知道结构：would rather do…than do…，与prefer doing... to doing...和prefer sth. to sth的区别与联系。如： He prefers wine to beer．= He would rather drink wine than beer． I prefer tennis to golf．= I’d rather play tennis than golf． 最后，would rather do = would prefer to do I’d rather fly than go by sea．= I’d prefer to fly． 顺便提及would prefer to do这个短语中不能省略to的原因是would like/love/prefer 用法与want一样，所以其后接动词时必须接to。 二、rather than的用法。 rather than “而不是”之意。其实，前面would do...rather than do...,would prefer to do...rather than do... 已经涉及到rather than 的具体用法。下面只是补充一下。正如前面谈到的它是一个并列连词,它连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词(短语)、动名词、分句、不

初一英语：情态动词canmustmay的用法

初一英语：情态动词can-must-may的用法

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学员编号：年级：初一课时数及课时进度：学员姓名：辅导科目：英语学科教师： 学科组长/带头人签名及 日期 课题情态动词 授课时间：备课时间： 情态动词can，must，may的用法 教学目标 掌握三个情态动词的用法 重点、难点 掌握情态动词的用法并能灵活运用 考点及考试要求 教学内容 Step 1: homework checking and dictation Step 2: 情态动词 一、概念：情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词，但不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形构成复合谓语，没有人称和数的变化。 情态动词数量不多，但用途广泛，主要有：can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would) . 二、can/could 1. 表示能力（如体力和脑力方面），意为“能、会” Can you speak Chinese? Can you play basketball? 2. 表示请求或者允许，多用在口语中，意为“可以、能”等客观条件的允许。用于疑问句中用来提出要求，用于否定句中表示不允许。 Can you help me? You can’t play the computer 3. 表示可能，理论上的可能。 He can be out now. It can’t bu sunny all the time.

初三英语情态动词must的用法总结教学案例

初三英语情态动词must 的用法总结教学案例 初三英语情态动词“must”强化训练教学设计 一、教学设计 （一）学情分析（Learning situation analysis） 进入初三我所接手的班级的情况比较复，初一、初二两年频繁调换英语教师，学生的知识不够系统化，学习方法、做题思路等都不够成熟，且基础普遍较差。英语复习课是巩固和发展知识、技能的重要课型.它的作用,就是帮助学生重温已学的知识和技能,使记忆中的痕迹得到强化,并对已获得的知识加以整理、归纳、概括,使知识条理化、系统化.因此教师必须注意引导学生多动脑、多动手、多参加课堂活动。复习课如果上得不好，往往会变成旧课的重复，或者是新课的“再版”。这样不仅不能发挥复习课的作用，而且会使学生因乏味而降低学习兴趣。此教学案例的教学对象是初三学生，整体英语水平较低，且自主学习能力有限，自主学习的习惯还没有形成；大部分学生的基础不牢固，学习习惯较差，学习兴趣不大。 （二）课标与教材分析（Curriculum and teaching material analysis） 按照《国家英语课程标准》要求，现行的英语课堂教学模式应该是以学生为主体的课堂，鼓励学生以参与的方式掌握应用英语语言知识的能力。英语教学目标中是这样描述的：“基础教育阶段英语课程的总体目标是培养学生的综合语言运用能力。综合语言运用能力的形成是建立在学生语言技能、语言知识、情感态度、学习策略和文化意识等素养整体发展的基础上。”语言知识和语言技能是综合语言运用能力的基础，文化意识是得体运用语言的保证，情感态度是影响学生学习和发展的重要因素，而学习策略则是提高学习效率、发展自主学习能力的关键。因此，这五个方面共同促进综合语言使用能力的形成。 （三）教学目标与要点分析（The teaching goal and key points of analysis） 1. The teaching goal (教学目标)： 1）Knowledge objectives (知识目标)：To master modal verb “must”. To understand some special cases. 2）Ability to target (能力目标)：To use ”can” freely and correctly. 3）Emotional attitude goal (情感态度目标)：To enjoy communicating in English. 2. Teaching important points and difficult points (教学重点和难点)： 1）情态动词must在情景对话中的的用法 (The usage of the modal verbs “must” in situational dialogues ) 2）表示猜测时的must ("Must" for speculation in tone) 3）怎样回答带有“must”的问句？(How to answer a question with "must" ?) （四）教学策略设计（The teaching strategy design）： 本堂课的设计着力体现出素质教育思想，以学生为主体，以“五步”教学法（读、学、点、练、悟）来指导课堂行为。 (The design of class strive to embody the thought of quality education, take the studen t as the main body, in order to "five-step" teaching method, reading, learning, practice and enlightenment, point) to guide classroom behavior.) （五）、教学过程设计（The teaching process design）：

need和dare用法小结

need和dare用法小结 最近的一次考试中出现了这么一道题： After the glasses fell to the ground and broke, the little boy his grandma about that. A. dare not tell B. dare not telling C. dare not to tell D. didn’t dare tell 答案选D。可90%的学生都选了A。这一现象引起了笔者的关注。情态动词一直都是高中英语语法中的重难点，而其中的need和dare是难点中的难点。因为这两个单词有其独特性，它们既可以作情态动词又可以用作实义动词。学生对此掌握得一直不到位。笔者根据自己多年的教学经验，现将其归纳如下： 一、need（必须、需要）的用法 1、need用作情态动词 作情态动词，need一般用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中，没有人称和数的变化，也没有时态的变化，后接动词原形。 例如：I needn’t finish my homework today. Need you go now? (请注意回答语：Yes, I must. / No, I needn’t.) *“needn’t have done”表示“本不必做而做了” You needn’t have watered the flowers, because I watered them just now. There is a lot of time left. We needn’t have taken a taxi. 2、need用作实义动词 作实义动词，need可用于任何句子中，并且有人称、数和时态的变化，后接名词、代词和动词不定式。 例如：I need a new car.

morethanotherthanratherthan之钻石题组(教师版)

more tha n other tha n rather tha n …之钻石题组（教师版） ★.（2007 福建）—Do you need any help ，Lucy? —Yes.The job is _____ I could do myself. A.less than B.more than C.no more than D.not more than 【解析】B. more than+ 含有情态动词ca n，could 的状语从句连用, 表示“不可能” 、“简直不可能” ★.（2009 浙江）It took ____ building supplies to construct these energy-saving houses. It took brains, too. A. other than B. more than C. rather than D. less than 【解析】B. 建造这些节能住宅不仅仅需要供给建筑材料，还需要人类的大脑。more than 不仅仅；other than （相当于but）除了；rather than 而不是；less than 少于。 ★.（2011 课标卷全国I）The form cannot be signed by anyone ___________ yourself. A. rather than B. other than C. more than D. better than 【解析】B 此表格必须由你本人签字。考查短语辨析。rather than 而不是；other than 除了；more than 超出，不仅仅；better than 胜于。女口：All parts of the house other than the windows were in good condition. 除了窗户外，屋子其他部分都很好。 ★（2011 江西宁冈期中） I should thank you ____ that you should thank me. A. because B. rather than C. for D. as 【解析】B. rather than 而不是 ★（2011 襄樊高一检测） Nuclear science should be developed to benefit the people ___________ harm them. A. better than B. more than C. other than D. rather than 【解析】D. rather than 而不是 ★（2011 湖北八校二联） The disaster stricken village was inaccessible ______ by helicopter, and the storm added to the rescuer ifficult'y. s d A. instead of B. other than C. rather than D. regardless of 【解析】B. other than 除了 ★（2011 福建四地六校第三次联考） The drunken driver, rather than the passers-by _______ for the traffic accident. A. was to be blamed B. was to blame C. were to be blame D. were to blamed 【解析】B. be to blame该由 ..... 承担责任”固定结构.谓语动词与rather than前的主语照应 ★（2012 山东潍坊三县市上学期联考）My son prefers us to email each other once a week ____ spend half an hour on the phone every night. A. other than B. rather than C. otherwise D. instead of 【解析】B. rather than 而不是 ★（2012 郑州第一次质量预测） To help the children who have lost their parents, it takes love and care ______ money. A. no more than B. rather than C. less than D. other than 【解析】B. other than 除了; no more than 仅仅 ★（2012 山东聊城一中月考）The driver, _____ the passengers, _______ responsible for the accident. A. more than; are B. rather than; is C. other than; were D. less than;was 【解析】B. rather than 而不是 ★（2012 宁波质检） In no country _____ B ritain, it has been said, can one experince four seasons in

情态动词can、must用法

情态动词can，must的用法:1. 不随着主语变化而变化；2.后跟动词原形； 1.Can 表示能，会。 1.不随着主语变化而变化； 后跟动词原形； 否定形式can not= can’t不能，不会 提can到句首，句末加“”，其肯否定回答：Yes，** can. No, ** can’t. Must，必须; 不随着主语变化而变化； 后跟动词原形； 否定形式must not = mustn’t 不允许，不准，禁止 提must到句首，句末加“”，其肯否定回答：Yes，** must. No, ** needn’t. （不，**不必）

练习题： 一．翻译 我能从墙上跳下来。 Sue 会骑自行车。 Sandy 和Sue 能打印这份信。 他们能看见那只鸟。 我必须回家。 Emma必须写作业。 我们必须从墙上跳下来。 他们必须写字。 不允许他们在街上玩。 禁止他们玩火。 二．改写句型。 1. I can sing. 改否定句: _____________ 改一般疑问句：________________ 作肯否定回答：______________________________ 划提：_____________________________ can ride a bike. 改否定句: ______________________

改一般疑问句：_____________________作肯否定回答：____________________ 划提：_____________________________ and Billy must do their homework. 改否定句: ______________________ 改一般疑问句：_____________________作肯否定回答：__________________ 划提：_____________________________ must stay at home. 改否定句: ______________________ 改一般疑问句：_____________________作肯否定回答：__________________ 划提：_____________________________ Sophie must read a novel. 改否定句: ______________________ 改一般疑问句：_____________________作肯否定回答：__________________ 划提：_____________________________ He can see that nest. 改否定句: ______________________ 改一般疑问句：_____________________作肯否定回答：__________________ 划提：_____________________________ They must listen to the stereo. 改否定句: ______________________ 改一般疑问句：_____________________作肯否定回答：__________________ 划提：_____________________________ 三．Must，mustn’t ，can ，can’t 填空 “________ I come at 6 o’clock””Oh no, you needn’t.” A blind man ________ judge colours. “May I go there””No,you_______.” Two eyes ________ see more than one. I _______ be off. Thank you very much for supper. You _______ be careful. You _______ be careless. ______ I stay up till mid-night, please The teacher _______ favour some children more than others.

need用法及练习

need用法解析 一．用作实义动词 作为实义动词，need后面的宾语可以是名词、动名词、动词不定式或代词，这种情况下，need既可用于肯定句，也可用于否定句和疑问句，构成否定句和疑问句时要借助于助动词do或does. 1．need sth. 这是need最常见的用法之一，其后的宾语可以是名词，也可以是代词。如： 1). We need a great deal of money now. 我们需要和多钱。 2). They don’t it any more. 他们不再需要它了。 3). Does your father need any help? 你爸爸需要帮助吗? 2．need doing 与need to be done need后面可跟动名词作宾语，这种情况下应注意两点： ①.主动形式的动名词doing具有被动的含义； ②.该动名词可以改为其动词不定式的被动形式而句子的意义不变。例如： 4). The door needs painting. = The door needs to be painted. 那扇门需要油漆一下。 5). Your car needs mending. = Your car needs to be repaired. 你的车需要维修了。 3．need to do sth. 作为实义动词，need后面需要接带to的动词不定式,表示有义务或责任去做某事。如： 6). What do we need to take for the picnic? 野餐我们需要带些什么？ 7). Will we need to show our passports? 我们需要出示护照吗？ 8). You need to take good care of your mother. 你要好好照料你妈妈。 二．用作情态动词 作为情态动词的need具有情态动词的一般性质，要充分阐释作为情态动词的need的用法，务必首先说明白情态动词的特征。情态动词的主要特征： ①．没有人称和数的变化。不论主语是第几人称，不论主语是单数还是复数，情态都词都无形式变化； ②．不能单独充当谓语。情态动词必须与一个实义动词一起构成复合谓语，并且这个实意动词要始终是动词原形。 ③．变为否定句时只需在情态动词之后加not。 ④．变为疑问句时只需将情态动词提到主语的前面。 这是情态动词的共性，作为情态动词的need当然也具有这些共性。了解了这些还不够，还要掌握作为情态动词need的一个个性，就是它只能用于否定句和疑问句，或用于由if或whether引导的宾语从句中，一般不能用于肯定句。理解了这些之后，我们便可以如此区分need的词性了：只要need后面跟的是动词原形，它就是情态动词。这时，变否定，只需在其后加not；变为疑问句，只需把它移主语的前面。例如： 9). Need I type this letter again? 我需要重新录入将这封信吗？ 10). There is enough time. You needn’t hurry. 有的是时间，你不必着急。 11). The president wondered whether he need send more soldiers. 总统不知道他是否要增兵。 12). ---Must I hand in my homework now? 现在我必须交作业吗？ ---No, you needn’t. 不，你不必。 三．用作名词 need作为名词，含义为“缺乏，需要”；其复数表示“基本需要”。要掌握两个词组：in (great) need of（急需）与meet the needs of(满足……的需要)。例如： 13). There’s no need for you to try again. 你不必再尝试了。 14). The factory is in great need of funds. 那家工厂急需资金。 15). This house of the 1790’s can even meet the needs of the 21st century. 这栋18世纪90年代的房子甚至能够满足21世纪的需要。 四．自我检测 现在可能你很想知道你是否完全掌握了need的用法，请做下列练习，进行一次自我检测，将正确答案填写在题前的括号中。

rather than 是一个并列连词

rather than 是一个并列连词， 1.表示客观事实，意为“是……而不是……；与其……不如……”。它连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词(短语)、动名词、分句、不定式、动词等。现分述如下： (1) 连接两个名词或代词 He is an explorer rather than a sailor.与其说他是一个海员，不如说他是一个探险者。 You rather than I are going to go camping. 是你而不是我要去要野营。 注意：rather than 连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与rather than 前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。 (2) 连接两个形容词 The sweater she bought was beautiful rather than cheap. 与其说她买的这件羊毛衫便宜不如说它漂亮。

(3) 连接两个介词(短语)或动名词 We will have the meeting in the classroom rather than in the great hall. 我们是在教室里开会，不是在大厅里。 She enjoys singing rather than dancing.她喜欢唱歌，而不喜欢跳舞。 (4) 连接两个分句 We should help him rather than he should help us. 是我们应该帮助他而不是他应该帮助我们。 (5) 连接两个不定式 I decided to write rather than (to) telephone.我决定写信而不打电话。 注意：rather than 后接不定式时，不定式可以带to，也可以不带to, 如上句。但rather than位于句首时，则只能接不带to 的不定式。如：Rather than allow the vegetables to go

Would rather 用法小结

Would rather 用法小结 文/郭李强 一、would rather意思是“宁愿、宁可、更、最好、还是为好”，后接动词原形,常省略为’d rather，表示优先选择的一种方式其否定形式是would rather not do sth. would rather没有人称和数的变化，所有的人称一律用would rather.“would rather+动词原形”是英语中常见的一个惯用句式，美国英语中多用had rather。would (had)在此决无“过去”之意，它是一个情态助动词，且无词性、时态变化。 例：Mr. Li would rather not listen to rock music. 李先生不愿意听摇滚音乐。 Sh e’d rather work in the countryside. 她宁可到农村去工作。 二、如果在两者中进行取舍，表示“宁愿……而不愿……，与其……宁可……”的意思时，则可用would rather…than…或would…rather than…的句型 例: I would rather watch TV at home than go to the cinema.我宁可在家看电视而不愿去看电影。请注意: 1) would rather…than…/would…rather than…也可以颠倒为：rather than…would…。Would(rather)和than后都接不带to的动词不定式，若选用的动词相同，那么than 后的动词可以省略。 例：He would rather drink tea than coffee．他喜欢喝茶而不喜欢咖啡。 Rather than work in such bad condition, he would give up. 与其在这样差的条件下工作，他宁愿放弃。 2)使用would rather…than…句型时要注意“平行结构”，即在than 的前后要用两个同类的词或词组，如两个名词、两个不定式、两个介词短语等。 例：I would rather talk with his mother than with his father. 我宁愿和他妈说话而不愿和他爸说话。 三、在疑问句式中，would rather 与would rather…than…中的would要放在主语之前例：Which would you rather have, apples or bananas? 你喜欢吃苹果还是香蕉？ Would you rather read a novel than read a poem? 你宁愿看小说而不愿朗读诗歌吗？ 四、would rather+从句，是一个常用的虚拟语气句型 Would rather+从句,谓语一般用过去时来表示现在或将来。其意为“宁愿……,还是……好些”“一个人宁愿另一个人做某事”。引导从句的that常省略。在谈到过去的动作时，谓语则用过去完成时。 例：John wants to see me today. I would rather he came to tomorrow than today. 约翰今天想去看我。我宁愿他明天来看我而不是今天。(句中came不是表示过去而是表示将来) We’d rather he paid us the money tomorrow. 我们宁愿他明天付给我们那笔钱。 Don’t come tomorrow. I’d rather you came next weekend. 明天别来。我希望你下周末来。2）如果只涉及主语本人而不涉及另一个人，则would rather之后不接that从句而接have done结构。 例：I would rather have gone to the theatre than stayed home night. 我真希望昨天晚上去看了戏而不是呆在家里。 He would rather be poor than have got money by dishonest methods．他宁可穷也不愿意用不诚实的手段获取金钱。 五、would rather/sooner和prefer/would prefer的区别 would rather和would sooner 之间一般没有区别，但经常接触到的是would rather。 例：Tom would rather/sooner read than talk．汤姆宁可读书而不愿谈天。 Tom prefers reading to talking．汤姆喜欢读书而不喜欢谈天。

2020年河北衡水高中英语新高考语法学习讲义(040)情态动词need、dare用法知识点总结整理

2020年河北衡水高中英语新高考语法学习讲义（040）

【答案选A】在must的问句中，否定回答应该用needn't。 2. As you worked late yesterday, you have come this morning. A. mayn't B. can't C. mustn't D. needn't 【答案选D】根据句意：因为你昨天工作到很晚，所以今天上午本不必来的。 2. 用于虚拟句中。如： We needn't have hurried. 我们当时不必那么匆忙。 You needn't have come. 你本不需要来。 例题： The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I the trouble to carry my umbrella with me. A. should have taken B. could have taken C. needn't have taken D. mustn't have taken 【答案选C】根据题意：“昨天天气后来不错，我不嫌麻烦带了把伞，但是我本来不需要带。”应该用needn't have done 来表达，needn't have

done 表示“（过去某件事）本来不必做（而实际上已经做了）”，should have done 表示“过去某件事本应该做（而实际上没有做）”，could have done 表示“本能够做某事（而实际上未做）”，mustn't 不用于否定式中表推测。take the trouble to do sth.表示“不怕费事或不厌其烦做某事”。 3. need用作实义动词时，它有动词的全部形式，即现在时单数第三人称needs，现在分词needing 以及过去式和过去分词needed，后跟带to 的不定式或ing 形式，可用于任何句式。如： The car needs cleaning.＝The car needs to be cleaned. 车需要清洗了。 You don't need to hurry. You have enough time. 时间足够，你不必着急。 Does your mother need any help? 你妈妈需要帮忙吗？ We need some more money. 我们还需要些钱。 Harry said the window needed cleaning. 哈里说窗户该擦了。 情态动词dare dare 的用法 dare既可用作情态动词，也可作实义动词。

英语语法——rather_than用法小结

have sth. done，have sb. do , have sb./sth. doing与have sth. to do 四种 句型的区别 一、Have sth. done可表示四种不同的语法意义 （1）（主语）请/派别人完成某事。 例：①I had(=got) that door painted last week.上星期我请人把那扇门做了油漆。 ②I had(=got) my teeth filled yesterday afternoon.昨天下午我请人补了牙。（2）（主语）完成某事（可能参与）。 例：①they are going to have (=got) some threes planted.他们打算植些树。 ②we must have (=got) the work finished by Tuesday.我们必须在星期二以前完 成此项工作。 （3）（主语）遭受某种不幸的情况。 例：①I had my hat blown off.我的帽子被（风）吹掉了。 ②I had my leg broken when I got off the bus.下车时我的腿子摔断了。 (4) 用于否定句中，表示“不允许….”“不让”。 例：①I won’t have anything said against her.我不会允许有任何反对她的言论。 ②I won’t have my house turned into a hotel.不不会让我的房子变成一个旅馆。 二、have sb. do表示四种含意 （1）（主语）请/派别人完成某事。可以用“get sb. to do”结构来替换。 例：①I had him repair my bike. （=I got him to repair my bike.）我请他修理自行车。 ②Don’t forget to have him come.别忘了叫他来。 （2）表示主语无意识的行为，这时“have”作“有”解。 例：These small animals seem glad to have people visit them. （3）表示主语“经历”某事。 例：He had his mother die.他遭丧母。 （4）在否定句中作“容忍”“允许”解。 例：I won’t have you say such things about her.我不允许你说她这样的话。 三、have sb./sth. doing 表示两种含意或者说一种含意。 （1）在肯定句中常表示“让某人做某事”，“让某情况发生”之意，含有动作正在进行之意。 例：①he soon had them all laughing. 他很快让他们都笑了起来。 ②I have a car waiting for me. 我让一部车在等我。 （2）在否定结构中，表示“不能让”，“不允许”。 例：we can’t have that sort of thing happening.我们不能让那类事情发生。 四、have sth. to do表示“有某事要完成”，其中不定式作定语，且其有主动与被动二种形式需要区别使用。 （1）如果不定式的动作由主语来完成需其用主动形式。 例：①I have some letters to write.我有几封信要写。 ②He have a large family to support.他有一大家人要养活。 （2）如果不定式的动作不是由主语来完成需用其被动形式。 例：“Do you have any clothes to be washed today?”the servant asked.佣人问道：“你今天有没有衣服要（我）洗？”