英语：Unit 3 Inventors and inventions学案(新人教版选修8)

Unit 3 Inventors and inventions

核心单词

1. distinguish

vi.&vt. 显示?-?-的差别；使?-?-有所不同；辨别（常与from, between连用）；区别；区分

I can distinguish them at a distance.

从远处我就能认出他们。

The man distinguishes himself by his wisdom.

这个人因他的才智而扬名。

常用结构：

distinguish A from B 辨别A与B

be distinguished from 不同于?-?-

be distinguished by 以?-?-为特征

be distinguished for 因?-?-而著称

distinguish oneself 使出众；使著名

高手过招

(1)单项填空

It is not easy to cultured pearls from genuine pearls.

A. distinguish

B. separate

C. identify

D. recognize

(1)解析：选A。考查词语辨析。distinguish ...from 辨别，把?-?-和?-?-区别开；separate ...from把?-?-隔开；identify辨别；recognize认出，这两个词后面都不跟from。

(2)完成句子

①Can you distinguish (中间) those two objects?

②Children should be taught to (分辨是非).

③Speech human beings (不同于?-?-) the animals.

④The Chinese nation is (因?-?-而著称) its diligence and courage.

答案：①between

② distinguish right from wrong

③distinguishes; from

④distinguished for

2. convenient

adj.便利的，方便的;就近的

常用结构：

be convenient to/for sb. 对(某人)方便

It is convenient to do sth. 做某事方便

Our house is very convenient for the shops.

我们的房子离商店很近。

联想拓展

convenience n. 方便

at your convenience 在你方便的时候

if it suits a person s convenience如果对某人方便

for the convenience of sb. 为了某人方便起见

高手过招

(1)单项填空

Our new house is very for me as I can get to the office in five minutes.

A. Adaptable

B. comfortable

C. convenient

D. available

(2)完成句子

Come and see me (无论你何时方便).

(3)选词填空(convenient/convenience)

①We must arrange a time and place for the meeting.

②I keep my reference books near by desk for .

(1)解析：选C。由in five minutes可知，此处应表示?°便利的，方便的?±。A项意为?°能适应的?±；B项意为?°舒适的?±；D项意为?°可以利用?±，均不符合句意。

(2)whenever it s convenient to you

(3)①convenient ②convenience

3. bear

vt. 忍受；具有，带有；显示（标记或特性）；忍耐；负担

The letter bears no signature.这封信上没有署名。

易混辨析

bear/endure/stand/tolerate

bear强调忍受者对痛苦、忧虑、烦恼以及责任的承受力，常用于否定句中。

endure意为?°经受长期的艰难、困苦或折磨而不屈服?±，强调持久力和意志坚强，常用于否定句中。

stand强调不屈不挠或经受得起，常用于否定句中。

温馨提示

tolerate意为?°忍受某人或某种行为而不反抗?±，语气最弱，可用于肯定句和否定句中。bear表示?°忍受?±时其后可跟doing sth.表示习惯性动作，也可跟to do sth.表示某一次具体动作，且多与 can, could，be able to连用；作?°生产，生育?±讲时，有两种过去分词形式：borne指?°生产，生育?±，而 born 指?°出生?±。

高手过招

(1)单项填空

I don t think our relationship could the strain of her mother visiting for

a month.

A. bear

B. tell

C. put up

D. hold

(2)选词填空(bear/endure/stand/tolerate)

①Our tent won?ˉt another storm like the last one.

②I can?ˉt to wait any longer.

③She s already had to three painful operations on her leg.

④I will not that sort of behaviour in my class.

(1)解析：选A。bear 承受，符合句意；tell区别，告诉；put up 举起，张贴；hold持有。

(2)①stand ②bear ③endure ④tolerate

4. seize

vt. 抓住；捉住；占据；（指强烈的感情﹑愿望等）突然影响或控制（某人）；夺

She seized me by the wrist. 她抓住了我的手腕。

Panic seized us. 我们惊恐万状。

常用结构：

seize/hold of sth. 抓住某物

seize a chance/an opportunity 抓住时机

seize on/upon sth. 意识到某事物而立即加以利用

高手过招

完成句子

①His father asked him (抓住时机赚一些钱).

②We (身不由己) by a sudden impulse to run.

③The critics (抓住) my mistake and said I was ignorant.

答案：①to seize the chance to make some money

②were seized ③seized on

5. expectation

n. 预料；期待；期望

He has little e xpectation of passing the exam.

他对考试及格不抱希望。

I usually enjoy his films, but the last one didn?ˉ t come to my expectations. 我向来喜欢看他的电影，但最近的一部并不像我期望的那样好。

常用结构：

beyond expe ctation 出乎意料

in expectation of 预料，期望，指望

against all expectation(s) 与预期相反，出乎意料

come up to one s expectations 不负(某人)所望

温馨提示

expectation 为不可数名词，当其意为?°期望的事物，前景?±时，常用复数形式。

高手过招

完成句子

我们在车站等着，期待她的到来。

We waited at the station her arrival.

答案：in expectation of

重点短语

6. go through

经历(困难、痛苦等)；通过,成功,成交；审阅,检查；翻找,查看,搜寻；穿过,通过

The plan didn t go through. 计划没通过。

A terrible noise went through the house.

一阵可怕的声音响彻整幢房子。

联想拓展

look through 浏览；看破；温习

read through 通读;连续

flow through 流过;流经；通过?-?-流动

get through 通过;接通;使?-?-成功

search through 搜寻,查找

carry sth. through 成功地完成

put sth. through 完成或达成（计划、方案）

高手过招

单项填空

I have never this kind of thing, so I?ˉm afraid.

A. look through

B. looked through

C. got through

D. gone through

解析：选D。根据句意可知，此处应意为?°经历，经手?±。故选D。

7. call up

征召；召集服兵役；唤起；使人回忆；带入心中；给?-?-打电话

He called me up to tell me the good news.

他打电话给我并告诉我这个好消息。

I was called up three months after war broke out.

战争爆发后的第三个月，我被应征入伍。

联想拓展

call back 召回；回电话；收回处理

call on/at 拜访(on后跟人；at后跟地点名词)

call for 要求;提倡;为?-?-叫喊

call forth 使产生；引起

call in 召集;召来;来访

call off 取消；延期

call out 出动;唤起;大声叫唤

call on ...to do号召?-?-做

高手过招

用适当的介词或副词填空

①This is the work that calls patience.

②Human Rights groups are calling the release of political prisoners.

③He had to call the meeting because of the bad weather.

④I?ˉll call him tomorrow, do you want to visit him with me?

⑤The company has called all such models as built in 1990.

⑥The government then called troops to deal with the disturbances.

⑦The old photo calls memories of my childhood.

答案：①for ②for ③off ④on ⑤back ⑥ in ⑦up

8. get through

设法联系上（尤指打通电话）；(设法)做完；通过考试；用光；用完；使成功;使理解;明

白

We were all delighted when we heard you had got through the exam.

听到你通过考试时，我们都很高兴。

联想拓展

get across 通过；使?-?-理解

get over 越过，克服（困难）；从（疾病）?-?-恢复过来

get through with 结束；完成；花光（钱财等）

高手过招

单项填空

I couldn?ˉt .The line was busy.

go by B. go around C. get in D. get through

解析：选D。由?°The line was busy?±可知，这里指?°电话没有接通?±。go by从旁边经过；go around走来走去；get in收获；get through接通电话，符合句意。

9. set about sth./doing sth./(to do)

(不用于被动语态) 开始（某工作）；着手做某事

I must set about my packing. 我得开始收拾行李了。

The new government must set a bout finding solutions to the country s economic problems.

新政府必须立即找出解决国家经济问题的办法。

联想拓展

set sth. aside 将某事物放在一边；节省或保留（钱或时间）

set sth. down 将某事物记在纸上；写下来

set out 出发；启程；（怀着目标）开始工作

set off 开始（旅行、赛跑等）

set sth. off 使（炸弹、地雷等）爆炸

set to 精力充沛地开始做某事

set sth. up 摆放或竖起某物；创（体育）纪录

高手过招

用适当的介词填空（原创）

①I don?ˉt know how to set this job.

②She set a new world record time the 100metre race.

③They set on the last stage their journey.

④How do senior managers set making these decisions?

答案：① about ②up; in ③out; of ④about

10. in case

如果；以防万一；万一

It may rain-you d better take an umbrella (just) in case (it does).

可能下雨?a?a你最好带把伞，以防万一（下起来）。

联想拓展

in case of sth. 若发生某事；假如

in any case 无论如何；总之

in no case 在任何情形下决不；无论如何都不

in that case 既然那样；假若是那样的话

高手过招

完成句子

① (遇火灾时), ring the alarm bell.

②You don?ˉt like your job? (既然那样), why don?ˉt you leave?

③Bring some money with you (以防万一) you want to buy something. 答案：①In case of fire

② In that case

③in case

重点句型

11. The first thing I did was to see if there were any products that might help me, but there only se emed to be powders designed to kill snakes.

我所做的第一件事就是看看有没有现成的产品能帮助我。但是，看来只有一种毒杀蛇的药粉。

在there be结构中，be的人称与数应遵循就近原则。

There was a bucket of water and two chairs in the corner of the house.

在房子的角落里有一桶水和两把椅子。

There are two chairs and a bucket of water in the corner of the house.

在房子的角落里有两把椅子和一桶水。

联想拓展

there be的常见形式有：there seems to be...／there happens to be...／there used to be ...etc.

高手过招

根据句意在横线上填入适当的单词

①The child seems (be) healthy, but the doctor is concerned.

②It seems to me there?ˉs something funny about the case.

③There doesn?ˉt seem (be) much hope that he?ˉll come.

答案：①to be ②that ③to be

12. ...but it was not until five days later that Bell sent his first telephone message to his assistant Watson.

?-?-但是贝尔是在五天以后才跟他的助手华生通了第一次电话。

该句是?°It is/was not until+被强调部分+that+其他?±结构。

句中用了?°not ...until ...?±的强调句结构，此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是用在强调句型中，till与until可通用；另外主句中的否定词not 要提出来，放在until 之前一起强调，因此that后面的从句要用肯定句，不能再用否定句。

He didn t go to bed until/till his wife came back.

=It was not until his wife came back th at he went to bed.

直到他的妻子回来他才睡觉。

温馨提示

not until置于句首时，要用部分倒装句型，这时要注意从句不倒装，只倒装主句。

Not until last week did they find the lost bike.

直到上个星期他们才找到丢失的自行车。

Not until my son had entered the university did he realize the importance of time. 我的儿子直到上了大学之后才意识到时间的重要性。

高手过招

单项填空

①It was midnight back home after the experiment.

A. until; that he went

B. until; that he didn t go

C. not until; that he didn t

D. not until; that he went

②Not until I began to work realize how much time I had wasted.

didn?ˉt I B. did I C. I didn?ˉt D. I

①解析：选D。从题干和选项很容易看出这是一个含有not until 的强调句。基本句型为?°

It is/was not until+被强调部分+that+其他成分?±，故排除A、B两项。否定词not 已提前，故主句中为肯定句，故选D。句意为：直到半夜做完实验后他才回来。

②解析：选B。not until的倒装句型，用部分倒装，助动词提到主语之前，而且not已经移到句首，因此句中不能再出现，故选B。

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