完整word版,初中语法祈使句情态动词专题讲解与练习 经典题目

7b6情态动词

一．情态动词

can_________________ can’t_____________________

May_________________ may not______________________

Must______________ mustn’t_______________________

二、情态动词的特点

1. 情态动词无人称和数的变化,

2. 情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加"not"。

3. 个别情态动词有过去式, 过去式用来表达更客气, 委婉的语气, 时态性不强, 可用于过去，现在。

三、情态动词的用法

1. can/could；can’t/couldn’t (否定)

1) 表示能力, 意为“能、会”, 例如：

I can speak a little English. -- Can you ride a bike?

I can’t swim. -- Yes, I can. / No, I can’t.

2) 表示请求或允许，多用于口语中，意为“可以、能”等

You can go home now. 现在你可以回家了-- Can I borrow your bike?

You can’t stop your car here. -- Yes, you can. / No, you can’t.

3) 用于否定句、疑问句中，表示猜测、怀疑或不肯定.

Lucy can’t be at home now, she went to the park just now.

Where can it be? I can’t find my football.

【注意：】

1）. could 是can的过去式, 有两种用法, 一种表示过去式；一种用来表达更加客气, 委婉的语气, 时态性不强, 可用于过去，现在。

2）. be able to 意为“有能力，能够做...”, 相当于can/could, 但它有人称，数和时态的变化。

2. may; may not (否定)

1) 表示“请求，许可”，此时与can 同义，可以互换使用

May I borrow your bike? Can I borrow your bike?

Yes, you may. / No, you may not. Yes, you can. / No, you can’t.

2) may/might表示不太肯定的猜测，意为“有可能”

Lucy may come to school late today.

It might rain today.

【注意】：might 是may 的过去式, 有两种用法, 一种表示过去式，一种表示更加委婉, 客气的语气或对可能性的怀疑。

3. must; mustn’t (否定)

1) must(“必须”, 表示命令)，mustn’t(“一定不能”, 表示强烈禁止...)

You must go to bed before 22:00pm.

You mustn’t play with fire. It’s dangerous!

--Must I write down the sentences？

--No，you needn’t. (--No,you don’t have to)

注意：在回答must的疑问句中，否定回答用needn’t或don’t have to表示“不必”，不用mustn’t

2) must 还可以表示非常肯定的猜测，意为“一定”

The girl in a red skirt must be Lucy.

3) must/ have to 的区别：

①. must表示必须，强调主观上的愿望；have to表示“不得不”，强调客观需要You must go be bed before 22:00pm.

My bike is broken, so I have to go to school on foot.

②. have to 有人称、数、时态的变化；must则没有。

I have to clean the classroom today.

She has to finish her homework first.

It was late, he had to go to school without breakfast.

【习题】

1. --Must I finish the work today?

--No,you . You can finish it tomorrow.

A. mustn’t

B. can’t

C. shouldn’t

D. needn’t

2. -- I swim here? --I’m sorry. Children swim alone here.

A. Must can’t

B. May must

C. Can mustn’t

D. Can’t can

3. --Meng Fei broke his arm while recording If You Are The One in Beijing. --Really? Then perhaps he host TV programmes for some time.

A. needn’t

B. mustn’t

C. shouldn’t

D.can’t

4. --What do you want to eat for lunch? I will prepare earlier today.

--Honey, you . Let’s go out to have something different.

A. mustn’t

B. can’t

C. shouldn’t

D.don’t have to

5. Thomas, please be quiet. The others hear very well.

A. can’t

B. mustn’t

C. shouldn’t

D.needn’t

6. --You see, a man is cutting a tree on the Moon.

--It be true. The teacher says there is no air on the moon.

A. can’t

B.may not

C. shouldn’t

D.mustn’t

7. --Can I go fishing with you,Dad?

--No, you . You stay at home and do your homework first.

A. won’t may

B. can’t must

C. shouldn’t ought

D. needn’t should

8. Anna hasn’t come to school today. I think she be ill.

A. can

B.has to

C. may

D.should

9. --Fifty dollars for such a T-shirt! You be joking!

--I’m serous. It’s made of silk.

A. must

B.need

C. may

D.can

10. _ _____I go and apologize to my teacher for my mistake?

A. Should

B.Need

C.Can

D. May

11. May I stop my car here,sir? --No,you_____.

A.may not

B.mustn’t

C.can’t

D.needn’t

12. _____I change the bulb(灯泡) now?

--No,you may not. You_____switch off the electricity.

A.Can;need

B.May;must

C.Must;must

D.Can;must

13. John____ come to see us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet.

A.may

B.can

C.has to

D.must

14. My mother is ill.So I _____to look after my little brother.

A.must

B.may

C.have to

D.should

15. I’m afraid it _____rain tonight.

A.can

B.could

C.may be

D.might

8a8 情态动词（should ought to）

一、had better的用法

1. had better 是固定词组，意思是“应该；最好”，后接不带to 的不定式，其用

法相当于情态动词，动词had 没有人称或数的变化。

1) You'd better go there by bus.

你最好是坐公共汽车去那里。

2) We'd better not tell him the news.

我门最好不要告诉他这个消息。

二、should的用法

1.情态动词should 常用来表示劝告、建议或义务，意思是“应该”，：

1）You shouldn't come to such a decision hastily .

你不应该匆忙作出这样的决定。

2）The party should be great fun .

那个集会一定很有意思。

1. You'd better _____ late next time .

A. don't

B. not be

C. not being

D. won't be

2. ---- Can I leave this door open at night ?

----- You _______ better not .

A. should

B. would

C. could

D. had

3. ---- Let's go to the cinema , shall we ?

---- ______ .

A. Yes , I shall

B. No , I can't

C. Yes , thank you

D. No , we'd better not

7b7祈使句

1.祈使句的定义及句式特征：

定义：祈使句是用来表示请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告或祝愿等的句子。它的特点是通常省略主语you,以动词原形开头，末尾可用句号或感叹号。祈使句没有疑问句的形式，一般只有肯定和否定两种形式。

Go and wash your hands. (表命令) Be quite, please. （Please be quiet.）（表请求）

Be kind to your sister.（表劝

告）

Watch your steps.（表警告）

be+形容词/ 名词

Be quiet / quick! Be a good student!

2）以实义动词开头的祈使句，这种祈使句的常用结构为：动词原形+宾语（+其他）。Come in, please！Please open your books！

3)let型（Let+宾语+动词原形+其他）

Let him do it by himself. Let me help you.

3.否定形式（一般在动词上否定，也可以用否定副词（never）来表示）

1）be型【Don’t be +其他成分（形容词、名词或介词短语）】

Don’t be careless! Never be late again next time!

①在这种句型中，be不能省略②否定副词not不可置于be之后

2）do型（Don’t +动词原形+其他）

Don’t believe him! Don’t worry! Never do it again!

一、单项选择：

1. Please ____, they’re having a meeting.

A. not be so noisy

B. be quite

C. mustn’t talk

D. no speaking

2. ____ to meet me at the station. I’ll be waiting the re.

A. Not to forget

B. Not forget

C. Forget not

D. Don’t forget

3. It’s a fine day. Let’s go fishing, ____?

A. won’t we

B. will you

C. don’t we

D. shall we

4. Don’t smoke in the meeting-room, ____?

A. do you

B. will you

C. can you

D. could you

5. ______ me go. It is very important for me.

A. Do let

B. Let do

C. Doing let

D. To do let

6. He is not honest. ______ believe him.

A. Not

B. Don’t

C. To not

D. Not to

7. _____ up early tomorrow, or you can’t catch the train.

A. Getting

B. Get

C. To get

D. Got

8. _____ in the street. It’s dangerous.

A. Not play

B. Not to play

C. Don’t play

D. Don’t to play

9. Lucy, ____ the door or someone will come in.

A. close

B. closes

C. not close

D. is closing

10. ____ and play football in the street after lunch.

A. Let’s not to go

B. Let’s not go

C. Let’s don’t go

D. Not let’s go

11. A sign with the words“____” is often found in a bus.

A. Not parking

B. Not smoking

C. No parking

D. No smoking

12. ____ Chinese in you English class.

A. Not speak

B. Don’t speak

C. Speak not

D. Don’t speaking

13 . _____ the boxes. You may use them later.

A. Keep

B. Keeping

C. To keep

D. Kept

14. Never come late again, ______?

A. will you

B. won’t you

C. do you

D. does he

15. The TV is too loud. Please________.

A. turn it down

B. to turn it down

C. turn down it

D. to turn down it

16. _______ cross the road until the traffic lights turns green.

A. Not

B. Won't

C. Doesn't

D. Don't

17. Kate, _______ your homework here tomorrow.

A. bring

B. brings

C. to bring

D. bringing

18. ________ me the truth, or I'll be angry.

A. Telling

B. To tell

C. Told

D. Tell

二. 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空：

1. It’s an important meeting. __________ (not, be )late.

2. ____________ (not,make) any noise! Your mother is sleeping.

3. ____________ (not, speak) with your mouth full of food and ____________ (be) polite.

4. ____________ ( not, talk) and ____________ (read) aloud.

5. ____________ (not,leave) your homework for tomorrow, Larry.

6. ____________ (look) out! A car is coming.

7. ____________ (give) us ten years and just see what our country will be like.

8. ____________ (not, let) the baby cry.

9. Wear more clothes or you ____________ (catch) a cold.

10. Let’s ____________ (not, say) anything about it.

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