2014高考英语语法_易错点_难点解析

2014高考英语试题设陷易错难题考题祥析

(一)

形容词与副词类

1.We don‘t care if a hunting dog smells _____, but we really don‘t want him to smell ____.

A. well, well

B. bad, bad

C. well, badly

D. badly, bad

【陷阱】容易误选B，认为两个smell 均为连系动词，后接形容词作表语。

【分析】最佳答案为D。句中的第一个smell 为实义动词，意为―闻气味‖、―嗅觉‖，smell badly 意为―嗅觉差‖；第二个smell 为连系动词，意为―闻起来(有某种气味)‖，smell bad 意为―闻起来气味难闻‖。全句意为―我们并不介意一条猎狗的嗅觉不好，但我们的确不希望它的气味难闻‖。

2.―________ do you think of your English teacher?‖ ―Oh, he is an _________ man.‖

A. What, interesting

B. What, interested

C. How, interesting

D. How, interested

【陷阱】容易误选D，认为第一空应填how，表示―如何‖；第二空应填interested，因为有的书上说–ing 形容词主要说明事物，-ed 形容词主要说明人。

【分析】其实最佳答案应是A。英语中表示汉语的―你觉得……如何?‖时，可用How do you like ...? 或What do you think of ...? 注意两者搭配不同，即like 与how 搭配，think of 与what 搭配。另一方面，有的书认为：-ing形容词说明事，-ed形容词说明人。此说法在很多情况下是可行的，但表述欠严谨。严谨的表述应该是：表示使(别)人感到如何, 用-ing形容词；表示人自己本身感到如何，用-ed形容词。比较：

All the children are interested. 所有的孩子都很感兴趣。

All the children are interesting. 所有的孩子都很有趣。

I read an interested expression on his face. 我看到他脸上露出一种感兴趣的表情。

I read an interesting expression on his face. 我看到他脸上露出一种有趣的表情。

再比较：

He is frightened. 他很害怕。

He is frightening. 他很吓人。

He has a frightened look on his face. 他脸上带有惊恐的神情。

He has a frightening look on his face. 他脸上带有吓人的神情。

3. I think he is _________ to tell us the secret, but I‘m not sure.

A. possible

B. likely

C. impossible

D. certain

【陷阱】A、B、C三项均有可能被选择。

【分析】根据句意首先排除D；再根据上面一题的分析，排除A和C；也就是说，此题最佳答案为B。注意likely 的用法，它与possible所用句型不同，请看实例：

Are we likely to arrive in time? 我们会及时赶到吗?

It‘s very likely that he will ring me t onight. 今晚他很可能会给我来电话。

They will very likely come by car. 他们很可能会坐汽车来。(该句中的likely 为副词，而前两句中的likely为形容词)

4.Let‘s make it at seven o‘clock on Tuesday morning at my office if _________.

A.you‘re convenient

B. it is convenient for you

C. you feel convenient

D. it is convenient with you

【陷阱】容易误选A或C，因为许多同学将汉语中的―如果你方便的话‖直译为if you are convenient 或if you feel convenient。

【分析】最佳答案为B，因为英语中的convenient不是表示―感到方便的‖，而是表示―使人感到方便的‖，所以be convenient 的主语通常不能是―人‖。要表示―如果你方便的话‖,英语通常if it is convenient for [to] you，其中的介词可用for 或to，但一般不用with。顺便说一句，偶尔也可见到用人或物作be convenient的主语，但此时的句子必须具备这样的特点：句子主语是其后不定式的逻辑宾语，如：

Mary is convenient to see on Sunday. / It is convenient to see Mary on Sunday. 星期天去见玛丽较为方便。

The furniture is convenient to move. / It is convenient to move the furniture. 这家具搬起来很方便。

5. We were two hours late that day, which was due to the _________.

A. crowded traffic

B. crowded traffics

C. busy traffic

D. busy traffics

【陷阱】容易误选A，因为许多同学将汉语中的―拥挤的交通‖直译为crowded traffic(s)；由于traffic 不可数，排除含traffics 的选项，所以许多考生便选定答案A。

【分析】其实，此题的最佳答案是C，因为英语的traffic 习惯上不用crowded 修饰，而用busy 或heavy 修饰，以说明―交通‖的―拥挤‖。类似这样的在修饰语方面需特别注意的还有：

(1)汉语的―绿茶‖说成英语是green tea，但相应的―红茶‖却是black tea 而不是red tea。

(2)可说thick soup(浓汤)，但不说thick coffee (tea)；要表示―浓咖啡(茶)‖，可用strong coffee (tea)。

(3)可说thin soup(稀汤)，但不说thin coffee (tea)；要表示―淡咖啡(茶)‖，可用weak coffee (tea)。

6. Mary is very clever and ____worth teaching, but her brother is not. Look, he is now_____asleep in class.

A. very, very

B. much, very

C. well, very

D. well, fast

【陷阱】容易误选A，因为许多学生往往将汉语中的―很‖与英语中的very 等同。

【分析】但是，许多汉语中的―很‖是不能用英语中的very 来直译的。如汉语―我很喜欢英语‖，在英语中就不能说成I very like English，而应说成I like English very much，因为副词very 在英语中习惯上不用来修饰动词。上面一题不能选A，是因为形容词worth 和asleep 习惯上不能用副词very 来修饰，而是分别用well 和fast修饰，即说成be well worth doing sth(很值得做某事),be fast (或sound) asleep(熟睡)，所以此题的最佳答案应选D。

7. Entering the house we found him lying on the bed with his mouth _______and eyes ________.

A. open, close

B. opened, closed

C. opened, close

D. open, closed

【陷阱】此题很容易误选A。

【分析】答案应选D。open 和close 均可用作动词，前者表示―开‖,后者表示―关‖是一对反义词，如：

Please open your mouth and close your eyes. 请张开嘴，闭上眼。

但是open 和close 也可用作形容词，此时前者意为―开着的‖，后者意为―接近的‖、―亲近的‖等，而并不表示―关着的‖，要表示―关着的‖，英语用closed，即用作形容词时，open 与close 不是一对反义词，而与closed 才是反义词。

8. A _________ road goes _________ from one place to another.

A. straight, straigh

B. straightly, straightly

C. straight, straightly

D. straightly, straight

【陷阱】容易误选C。认为straightly 是straight 的副词形式。

【分析】在现代英语中，straight 既可用作形容词，也可用作副词。而straightly 这个副词在现代英语中已被废弃，许多词典均不再收录此词。所以此题最佳答案应选A。

介词类

1.―You went late _________the stadium yesterday evening, didn‘t you?‖ ―Yes, my wife was a little late _________the supper.‖

A. to, with

B. for, with

C. for, for

D. at, for

【陷阱】容易误选 B 或D。

【分析】答案应选A.第一空填to 比较好理解，因为此处的late为副词,用以修饰go to the stadium 中的动词go；而第二句的with 则是许多同学不容易想到的，相反，更多地可能是想到for，现将两者区别如下：be late for表示做某事迟到，而be late with 表示做某事做晚了(=be late in doing sth)。比较：We were late for dinner. 我们吃饭迟到了。

We were late with dinner [=in having dinner]. 我们吃饭吃得迟。

句中my wife was a little late with the supper 意思是―我妻子准备晚饭稍迟了点‖。

2. Sometimes our opinions differ _________what we choose to observe and how we deal with what we‘ve observed

A. which

B. since

C. because

D. because of

【陷阱】容易误选C。因为按英语语法习惯，because是连词，其后接句子；而because of是复合介词，其后接名词、代词或动名词等。

【分析】此题答案选D。because 作为从属连词，主要用于引导原因状语从句，既然是引导一个从句，也就是说它的后面不能再连用―引导词‖。如：

He was angry because we were late. 他很生气因为我们迟到了。

They can‘t have gone out because the light is on. 他们不可能出去了，因为灯还亮着。

Bread is cheap in this supermarket because they bake it themselves.这家超市的面包是自制的，所以便宜。

假若，一个从句已经有了自己的―引导词‖，那么它前面就不宜再用because 这个连词了。如：

She got angry because of what you said. 她哭是因为你说的话。

句中的what 相当于the thing that，也就是说what you said 相当于the thing that you said。其中the thing 用作because of 的宾语，而that you said 为修饰the thing 的定语从句。

He lost his job because of how he treated his boss. 他因为对老板的态度(不好)而丢了工作。

句中的how 相当于the way in which，也就是说how he treated his boss相当于the way in which he treated his boss。其中the way 用作because of 的宾语,而in which he treated his boss 为修饰the way 的定语从句。

3.―How long have you been an actor?‖ ―_____1995, when I graduated from college.‖

A. After

B. In

C. From

D. Since

【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。

【分析】最佳答案为D。若仅从答句来看，四个答案都说得过去。但若结合问句的语境以答案应选D，因为其余三选项填入空格均不能回答问句所提出的问题。比较：

―When did you became an actor?‖ ―________1995, when I graduated from college.‖

A. After

B. In

C. From

D. Since

此题选B，因为问句问的是when(何时)，所以用in 1995 来回答便顺理成章。

请再看两题：

(1)―How long have you worked on the farm?‖ ―_________ the end of last year.‖

A. In

B. By

C. At

D. Since

答案选D，用since the end of last year 回答how long，即问句问―工作了多久‖，答句说―自去年年底至今‖。

(2)―How long will you work on the farm?‖ ―_________ the end of next year.‖

A. In

B. By

C. At

D. Since

答案选B，问句问―将工作多久‖，答句说―工作明年明底‖。

(3)―When did you leave the farm?‖ ―_________ the end of last year.‖

A. In

B. By

C. At

D. Since

答案选C，问句问―何时离开‖，答句说―去年明底离开‖。

4.Don‘t be angry _________ me for not having written. I was really too busy.

A. about

B. with

C. to

D. for

【陷阱】容易误选B。根据汉语的―对某人生气‖，将其中的―对‖直译为to。

【分析】最佳答案为B。按英语习惯，要表示对某人生气，通常用be angry with [at] sb，要表示对某事生气，通常用be angry at [about] sth(在美国英语中也用be angry with sth，但不说be angry with sb)。比较以下表达，其中的―对‖也不用to来翻译：

你对这些安排感到满意吗?

误：Did you feel satisfied to the arrangements?

正：Did you feel satisfied with the arrangements?

老师应该对他的学生严格要求。

误：Teachers should be strict to their students.

正：Teachers should be strict with their students.

5.In those days, we had no phones, so we have to keep in touch _________ writing often.

A. with

B. of

C. on

D. by

【陷阱】容易误选A。根据keep in touch with (与……保持联系)这一常用搭配推出。

【分析】正确答案是D。by 在这里表示方式，by writing 意为―通过写信‖，全句意为―我们通过经常写信保持联系‖。请再看几例(均与介词搭配有关)：

(1)We‘ve talked a lot _________ films. How _________ television now?

A. of, with

B. with, towards

C. about, about

D. for, about

此题不要受 a lot of的影响而误选A。若第一空选of，a lot of cars 即为动词talk 的宾语，但实际上动词talk 是不及物动词，不能后接宾语。最佳答案应是C，句中的a lot是修饰动词talked 的状语，talk

about才是一个动词短语。全句意为―我们对电影已谈了不少，现在谈谈电视怎么样?‖ What about…意为―……怎么样‖，用于征求意见。

(2) We all regarded the poor old man _________sympathy.

A. as

B. with

C. of

D. by

有的同学一看到句中的regard 和选项中的as，马上就联想到regard … as … (把……当作……)这一搭配，从而断定此题应选A。但是错了，原因是将此搭配套入原句，句子意思不通。正确答案是B，句意为―我们大家都很同情这位老人‖。

It类

1.Everyone knows that _________ is dangerous to play with fire, but _________ is difficult is to prevent children from playing with fire.

A. it, it

B. what, what

C. it, what

D. what, it

【陷阱】很容易误选B，认为两空均考查形式主语。

【分析】最佳答案是D，第一空填形式主语，真正的主语是其后的不定式to play with fire。第二空填what，what is difficult 是主语从句，注意what is difficult 后的谓语动词is。请做以下类似试题：

(1) I know _________ is important to know my own limitations, but ________is difficult is to help others to know their own limitations.

A. it, it

B. what, what

C. it, what

D. what, it

(2)Yes, ________ is difficult to find a job nowadays, but ________ is more difficult is try to find such a job with a high salary but little things to do.

A. it, it

B. what, what

C. it, what

D. what, it

2. I dislike _________ when others laugh at me in public or think poorly of me behind.

A. that

B. those

C. it

D. them

【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。

【分析】最佳答案是C，因为在通常情况下，dislike 是及物动词，其后应有宾语(句中it 即为其宾语)。句中的when 从句不是宾语从句，而是时间状语从句，其中的when 的意思是―当……的时候‖。其实，也有的词典将I don‘t like it when (if) … 作为一个句型来处理。能这样用的动词不多，主要的有enjoy, like, dislike, love, hate, prefer, appreciate等表示喜好的动词。

She won‘t like it if you arrive late. 她不喜欢你迟到。

He hates it when people use his bike. 他讨厌别人用他的自行车。

请做以下类似试题(答案均选it)：

(1) I hate _________ if people say such things in public.

A. that

B. those

C. it

D. them

(2)I‘d prefer _________ if I didn‘t have to get up early on Sundays.

A. that

B. such

C. it

D. which

(3)I would appreciate _________ very much if you could give me some suggestions.

A. this

B. that

C. it

D. you

3.I‘ve no idea. I just pretended nobody was at home, so I didn‘t ask who _________ was.

A. he

B. that

C. she

D. it

【陷阱】容易误选A或C。

【分析】最佳答案是D。it 用以指身份不明的人。若指身份明确的人，则不宜用it。比较：

(1) Mr Smith is at the door. _________ wants to see you.

(2) Someone is at the door. _________ must be Mr Smith.

A. He

B. It

C. This

D. That

第(1)题选A，因为来者身份明确；第(2)选B，因为来者身份不明确。

4.―Excuse me, I want to have my watch fixed, but I can‘t find a repair shop.‖ ―I know ________ nearby. Come on, I‘ll show you.‖

A. one

B. it

C. some

D. that

【陷阱】容易误选B。

【分析】最佳答案是A。it 和one 的区别可简单地概括为：it = the + 名词，one = a + 名词。如：

I haven‘t got any pens, and I want to borrow one. 我没有钢笔，我想借一支。(one = a pen)

I have two pens, and I can lend one to you. 我有两本支钢笔，我可以借一支。(one = a pen)

I have a pen, and I can lend it to you. 我有一本钢笔，我可以把它借给你。(it = the pen)

在上面一题中，one 相当于one 相当于 a repair shop。请做下面一题（答案选A）：

There is only one English-Chinese dictionary in that book-shop. I wonder if you still want to buy

_________.

A. it

B. one

C. another

D. any

5. Will you see to _________ that my children are taken good care of while I am away?

A. it

B. me

C. yourself

D. them

【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。

【分析】最佳答案是A。it 为形式宾语，真正的宾语是空格后that引导的宾语从句。see to 意为―负责‖、―注意‖，其中的to 为介词，不宜直接跟that引导的宾语从句，遇此情况可借助代词it。请做下面两题，答案也是选it：

(1)I‘ll see to _________ that all these letters will be sent to the post before twelve.

A. it

B. me

C. which

D. them

(2)Will you see to _________ that the luggage is brought back as soon as possible?

A. me

B. yourself

C. it

D. them

类似以上see to 用法的短语还有depend on, answer for 等。如下面两题答案也选it：

(1) You may depend on _________ that he will turn up in time.

A. it

B. me

C. which

D. them

(2)I can‘t answer for _________ that the boy is honest.

A. it

B. me

C. which

D. them

名词类

1. Her father works as a _________ in a hotel and her mother a _________ in a private company.

A. cooker, typewriter

B. cook, typist

C. cooker, typist

D. cook, typewriter

【陷阱】误选A，许多同学想当然地认为：cook 用作动词，表示―煮饭‖，所以cooker 应是其相应的名词，表示―煮饭的人‖，即―厨师‖；type 用作动词，表示―打字‖，所以typewriter 应表示―打字员‖。

【分析】而事实是：cook=厨师，cooker=炊具；typist=打字员，typewriter=打字机。即此题正确答案为B。

2.―Why couldn‘t they meet us at five o‘clock?‖ ―Because they were delayed by _______.‖

A. heavy traffic

B. heavy traffics

C. crowded traffic

D. crowded traffics

【陷阱】B、C、D三项均容易误选。

【分析】对于此题，首先要明确traffic为不可数名词，没有复数形式，故排除B和D。另外，汉语习惯说―交通拥挤‖，而英语习惯上却不能用crowded 来修饰traffic，要表示汉语的―交通拥挤‖，英语通常说heavy traffic，即选A。如下面一题也是选A：

She is not a competent driver and can‘t cope with driving in _________.

A. heavy traffic

B. heavy traffics

C. crowded traffic

D. crowded traffics

3. By all _________, you must try every _________ to help him.

A. mean, mean

B. means, means

C. means, mean

D. mean, means

【陷阱】误选C，认为第一空前有all修饰，故用means，而第二空前有every 修饰，故用mean。

【分析】其实，means是一个单复数同形的名词，并且永远带有尾-s。换句话说，在表示―方式‖、―方法‖时，不存在mean这一形式(mean主要用作动词，表示―意思是‖；也可用作名词，表示―中间‖、―中庸‖)。此题正确答案为C，by all

means为习语，意为―一定‖、―尽一切办法‖。顺便说一句，means用作主语时，其谓语的数需根据句意来确定。比较：

All possible means have been tried. 所有可能的办法都已经试过了。

Every possible means has been tried. 每种可能的办法都已经试过了。

若句意不能明确地表明主语的单复数，其谓语则用单数或复数均可。如：Is [Are] there any other means of getting more money? 还有其他什么办法可弄到更多钱吗?

4. Jim is _________ person, and everyone is willing to be _________ with him.

A. so kind a, friend

B. so a kind, friends

C. so kind a, friend

D.so a kind, friend

【陷阱】误选C或D。认为friend要用单数。

【分析】其实此题最佳答案为A。so kind a person相当于such a kind person，注意两者中冠词的位置不同.be friends with是习语,意为―与…友好‖、―跟…做朋友‖,与之同义的类似地还有make friends with。值得说明的是，这类短语中的名词总是用复数，即使句子主语为单数也是如此。如：

He is friends with me. 他与我是朋友。

He has made friends with everyone here. 他与这儿的每个人交上了朋友。

5. She raised her finger to her lips as _________ for silence.

A. an idea

B. a mark

C. a sign

D. a word

【陷阱】容易误选B。

【分析】应选C，sign与mark的区别是：sign 的意思是―迹象‖、―征兆‖gesture or movement made with the hand, head, etc, used to give information, a command, etc(用手或头等做出示意动作以传递信息或命令等)，mark 的意思是written or printed symbol or figure, line etc made as signor an indication of sth(书写与印刷的符号或图、线等记号)。根据此二词的语义区别以及常识可知答案为C。类似地，下面两题的答案也是C：

(1)Those black clouds are a sure _________ that it‘s going to rain.

A. thing

B. mark

C. sign

D. one

(2) Just as a famous Chinese saying goes, a timely heavy snow is a ________of good harvest next year.

A. mark

B. track

C. sign

D. appearance

但是，下面一题却不能选sign，也不能选mark，而选symbol(象征)：

The lion is considered the king of the forest as it is a(n) _________ of courage and power.

A. example

B. sign

C. mark

D. symbol

顺便说一句，在近几年的高考中像这类结合词义区别以及语境和生活常识进行考查的试题经常出现，同学们需引起注意。

6.―May I take your order now?‖ ―We‘d like three black _________ and two green _________.‖

A. coffee, cups of teas

B. coffees, teas

C. cups of coffee, tea

D. cup of coffees, teas

【陷阱】误选C，认为coffee和tea均为不可数名词，不能后加复数词尾-s，从而排除选项A、B、D。

【分析】选B。有的同学认为coffee 和tea是物质名词，不可数，不能用three coffees, two teas 这样的表达。其实，coffee既可用作不可数名词，表示―咖啡‖这种物质，也可用作可数名词，表示―一杯咖啡‖，即在口语中three coffees 就等于three cups of coffee。同样，―三杯茶‖既可说成three cups of tea，也可说成three teas；―三杯啤酒‖既可说成three glasses of beer，也可说成three beers。

冠词类

1.―Do you know _________ English for ?美女‘?‖ ―I‘m afraid I don‘t. I‘m not interested in ______ English language.‖

A. the, the

B. the, 不填

C.不填, the

D.不填, 不填

【陷阱】容易误选D，因为表示语言的名词前通常不用冠词。

【分析】最佳答案为A。在英语中，表示语言的名词前通常不用冠词，但在某些特殊情况下可用冠词。如：

(1)当语言名词表特指意义，其前可用定冠词。如：

The English spoken in America and Canada is a little different from that spoken in England. 美国和加拿大讲的英语与英国讲的英语有点不同。

(2)当语言名词表示某一语言中的对应词时，其前要用定冠词。如：

What‘s th e English for this? 这个东西用英语怎么说?

(3)当在语言名词后加上language一词时，也要用冠词。如：

There have been many changes in the history of the English language. 英语发展过程中有很多变革。

2.I couldn‘t remember the exact date of the storm, but I knew it was _________ Sunday because everybody was at _________ church.

A. a, the

B. a, 不填

C.不填, a

D.不填, 不填

【陷阱】容易误选D，因为星期名词前不加冠词；而at church 表示在教堂里做礼拜，其中也不用冠词。

【分析】最佳答案为B。确实，在通常情况下星期名词前不用冠词，但在某些特殊情况下还是可以用冠词的，如表示特指，其前可用定冠词；表示―某一个‖或受描绘性定语修饰表示―某种‖这样的意义等，其前可用不定冠词。如：He came on the Sunday and went away on the Monday. 他星期日来，星期一就走了。

My birthday happened to be on a Saturday. 我的生日碰巧是星期六。

3. Which person do you refer to, the one with ________ long hair or the one with _________long beard?

A. a, a

B.不填，不填

C. a, 不填

D.不填，a

【陷阱】误选A或B，认为hair(头发)和beard(胡须)性质和用法应该差不多，要么都可数，要么都不可数，或者说要么都用不定冠词，要么都不用。

【分析】最佳答案选D。hair 和beard 在用法上并不完全相同：hair 可用作可数或不可数名词，用作可数名词时，指一根一根的毛发或头发，如说There‘s a hair in my soup (我的汤里有根头发)；用作不可数名词（集合名词）时，则是整体地指一个人的头发。比较：

He has gray hairs. 他有几根白发了。

He has gray hair. 他满头白发了。

而beard 则通常只用作可数名词，且指的是一个人所有的胡须，而不是指一根胡须，它的复数形式，通常是指多个人的胡须，而不是指多根胡须，如：He no longer wears a beard. 他不再留胡须。

Not all men grow beards. 并不是所有的男人都留胡须。

4.I once watched _________ one-act play, which was played by _________ 11-year-old boy.

A. a, a

B. an, an

C. a, an

D. an, a

【陷阱】几个干扰均有可能误选。

【分析】最佳答案填C。第一空填a，因为one-act的第一个音是辅音不是元音；第二空填an，是因为11的英文是eleven的第一个音是元音不是辅音。类似以下各题的答案是 C 不是其他：

(1)Before he was arrested, he had taken _________ one-month holiday, and stayed in the country with _________ 18-year-old girl, one of his students.

A. a, a

B. an, an

C. a, an

D. an, a

(2)We hired _________ one-eyed man to play in our film, and we gave him ________ 100-pound check for just one minute.

A. a, an

B. an, a

C. a, a

D. an, an

5.―Have you seen _________ pen? I left it here this morning.‖ ―Is it _________black one? I think I saw it somewhere.‖

A. a, the

B. the, the

C. a, a

D. the, a

【陷阱】误选A，生搬硬套冠词用法规则：第一次提到某人或某事物用不定冠词，第二次再提到该人或该事物时用定冠词。

【分析】最佳答案为C。第一空填a，比较好理解；而第二空填a是因为此句中的one 并非指前面提到的pen，即这里的one 与前面的pen 并非同一事物，这从后面一句的I think I saw it somewhere 可以清楚地知道。请比较下面一题：

―Have you seen _________ pen? I left it here this morning.‖ ―Is it _________ black one? I found it in the corner.‖

A. a, the

B. the, the

C. a, a

D. the, a

此题的最佳答案是A不是C。请注意其后I found it in the corner这一信息，它表明说明者是拿着笔在与对方说话。请再看一个类似的例子：

―Have you seen _________ new bike? I put it here just now.‖ ―Is it _________ white one? A boy has ridden it away.‖

A. a; a

B. a; the

C. the; the

D. the; a

此题答案选A，注意其后的 A boy has ridden it away 表明自行车已不在说话者身旁。

6.My friend Mary is _________ beautiful girl and _________ girl everyone likes to work with.

A. a, a

B. a, the

C. the, a

D. the, the

【陷阱】很容易误选B，认为第一次提到girl 用不定冠词，第二次提到就应该用定冠词。

【分析】最佳答案为A。句中第二次提到girl 时并不是特指的，此句实为一省略句，补充完整为My friend Mary is a beautiful girl and she is a girl everyone likes to work with. 请再做以下试题(答案选A)：

(1) Jim is _________ brave boy and _________ boy never fearing anything.

A. a, a

B. a, the

C. the, a

D. the, the

(2) It is really _________ useful dictionary and _________ dictionary every one of us needs.

A. a, a

B. a, the

C. the, a

D. the, the

状语从句类

1.―May I go and play with Dick this afternoon, Mum?‖ ―No, you can‘t go out ______ your work is being done.‖

A. before

B. until

C. as

D. the moment

【陷阱】容易误选B，误认为这是考查not…until…结构。

【分析】最佳答案选C。句中的your work is being done 表明―你正在做作业‖，选as 表原因。

2.―I‘m going to the post office.‖ ―_________ you‘re there, can you get me some stamps?‖

A. As

B. While

C. Because

D. If

【陷阱】容易误选A。

【分析】最佳答案选B。尽管as 和while 均可用作从属连词引导时间状语从句，表示―当……的时候‖，但两者有一个重要区别，就是这样用的as 从句

的谓语不能是状态动词。当然，如果as 不是表示―当……的时候‖，其谓语是完全可以用状态动词的。如：

I went to bed early, as I was exhausted. 我很累了，所以很早就上床睡了。(此句中的as 表示原因，意为―因为‖、―由于‖)

请做以下两题，答案均选while，不选as：

(1)_________ you are at home alone, please don‘t leave the door open.

A. While

B. As

C. Before

D. How

(2) _________ you are alone with her, tell her that you like her.

A. While

B. As

C. After

D. How

3. After the war, a new school building was put up _________ there had once been a theatre.

A. that

B. when

C. which

D. where

【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。

【分析】最佳答案选D。where 在此引导地点状语从句，其意为―(在)……的地方‖。请做以下类似试题(答案均选where)：

(1) The famous scientist grew up _________ he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai.

A. when

B. whenever

C. where

D. wherever

(2) She found her calculator _________ she lost it.

A. where

B. while

C. in which

D. that

(3)You should make it a rule to leave things _________ you can find them again.

A. when

B. where

C. then

D. which

(4)When you read the book, you‘d better make a mark ___ you have any questions.

A. at which

B. at where

C. the place where

D. where

(5) You should let your children play _________ you can see them.

A. where

B. when

C. in which

D. that

(6) Now he works in the factory _________ his father used to work.

A. where

B. when

C. in which

D. that

4. The visitor asked to have his picture taken _________ stood the famous tower.

A. that

B. at which

C. when

D. where

【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。

【分析】最佳答案选D。此题与上面一题有些相似，但又有所不同：相似的是，where 均表示―在……的地方‖，均用以引导地点状语从句；不同的是，此题还涉及倒装，即此句的主语是the famous tower，谓语是stood，正常词序为where the famous tower stood，使用倒装是为了保持句子平衡，避免头重脚轻。

5. They kept trying _________ they must have known it was hopeless.

A. if

B. because

C. when

D. where

【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。

【分析】最佳答案选C。when 在此的意思不是―当……的时候‖，而是―尽管‖、―虽然‖的意思。又如：

He walks when he might take a taxi. 尽管他可以坐出租车，但他却走路。

He stopped trying when he might have succeeded next time. 尽管他本来下次就可以成功的了，但他却停止努力了。

The boy was restless when he should have listened to the teacher carefully. 这男孩子本来应该专心听老师讲的，但他却坐立不安。

有许多同学只知道when 表示―当……的时候‖，而不知道它还有其他许多意思，除上面提到的表示―尽管‖、―虽然‖外，when 还可表示―既然‖、―考虑到‖。请做下面的试题(答案选D)：

Why do you want a ne w job _________ you‘ve got such a good one already?

A. that

B. where

C. which

D. when

6. He was about to tell me the secret _____ someone patted him on the shoulder.

A. as

B. until

C. when

D. while

【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。

【分析】最佳答案选C。when 意为―这时(突然)‖，主要用于某一动作突然发生于另一动作正在进行或刚要发生之时。此时的when 可以连用副词suddenly，也可以不连用它，但值得注意的是，同学们不能单独用suddenly 来代替when，如下面各题的答案选A，不选B：

(1) I was about to go out _________ the telephone rang.

A. when

B. suddenly

C. as soon as

D. directly

(2) We were swimming in the lake _________ the storm started.

A. when

B. suddenly

C. until

D. before

(3) She was walking down the road______ she heard someone shouting for help.

A. when

B. suddenly

C. until

D. before

7. The fire went on for quite some time _________ it was brought under control.

A. when

B. since

C. after

D. before

【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。

【分析】最佳答案选D。before 意为―在……之前‖，句意是―大火在得到控制之前燃烧了相当一段时间‖。类似地，以下两题也选before：

(1) He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation ________it got worse.

A. until

B. when

C. before

D. as

(2) Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up _______I could answer the phone.

A. as

B. since

C. until

D. before

(3) She is getting better by degrees, but it will be some time _________ she is completely well.

A. that

B. since

C. when

D. before

(4)They sat down opposite each other, but it was some moments _________ they spoke.

A. after

B. before

C. since

D. when

8.Mother asked me to take more money _________ something unexpected should happen.

A. in case

B. so that

C. in order that

D. when

【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。

【分析】最佳答案选A。in case 起连词作用，用以引导状语从句，主要有两种意思：一是表示条件，意为―如果‖、―万一‖；二是表示―目的‖，意为―以防‖、―免得‖。如以下各题也都选in case：

(1) _________ I forget, please remind me about it.

A. In case

B. So that

C. In order that

D. When

(2) Take your umbrella just _________ it rains.

A. in case

B. so that

C. in order that

D. when

(3) Be quiet _________ you should wake the baby.

A. in case

B. so that

C. in order that

D. when

(4) Take a hat with you in case the sun is very hot.

A. in case

B. so that

C. in order that

D. when

(5). I‘ll keep his address _________ I need it.

A. so that

B. in order that

C. in case

D. when

9.―Shall Mary come and play computer games?‖ ―No, ________she has finished her homework.‖

A. when

B. since

C. unless

D. as soon as

【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。

【分析】最佳答案选C。此句为省略句，答句句首的No 表明其后省略的是一个否定句，全句补充完整为：She can‘t play computer games unless she has finished her homework. 请做类似试题(答案均选B)：(from https://www.wendangku.net/doc/0317469474.html,)

(1)―Would you mind my sitting here with you?‖ ―No, _________you aren‘t too noisy.‖

A. when

B. if

C. unless

D. as soon as

(2)―Will he agree to come to join us in the work?‖ ―No, ________we promise him more money.‖

A. when

B. unless

C. unless

D. as soon as

(3)―Can you finish the work in time?‖ ―No, _________ we don‘t sleep throughout the night.‖

虚拟语气类

1. I forget where I read the article, or I _________ it to you now.

A. will show

B. would show

C. am going to show

D. am showing

【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。

【分析】正确答案选B。根据上文的语境可知句中的or 隐含有一个虚拟的条件,即or=if I didn‘t

forget where I read the article（要是我没忘记我在哪儿读过这篇文章的话——但事实上忘了）。

2.―It looks as if he were drunk.‖ ―So it does. _________.‖

A.He‘d better give up drinking

B.He shouldn‘t have drunk so much

C. Health is more important than drink

D. I wonder why he is always doing so

【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选，主要是受句中drunk 一词的影响。

【分析】最佳答案为D。关键信息是It looks as if he were drunk 中的虚拟语气，句子既然用了虚拟语气，也就是说，―他喝醉了‖不是事实，只是他的言行好像是醉了，所以此题的最佳答案是D。

3.―Mary looks hot and dry‖ ―So _________ you if you had so high a fever.‖

A. do

B. are

C. will

D. would

【陷阱】容易误选A或C。选A者，认为前后两句的动词性质应一致；选C者，认为其后带有if 条件状语从句，从语气上看，主句应用将来时态。

【分析】此题最佳答案为D。分析如下：

(1)―so + 助动词+ 主语‖是一个很有用的结构，它表示―……也一样‖时。如：

He likes to watch TV, and so do I. 他喜欢看电视，我也一样。

When animals and plants disappear, so will man. 当动植物消失的时候，人类也会随之消失。

(2)由于空格后的if 条件状语从句的谓语用的是虚拟语气（这是很重要的信息）,所以主句要用

would 而不用will，即答案应选D。

4.―He will come tomorrow.‖ ―But I‘d rather he ______ the day after tomorrow.‖

A. will come

B. is coming

C. came

D. had come

【陷阱】容易误选A或B。根据上文的He will come tomorrow 以及下文的时间状语the day after tomorrow 似乎都表明空白处应填一个一般将来时态。

【分析】但此题的最佳答案是C。按照英语习惯，would rather 后接that 从句时，从句谓语通常要用虚拟语气，即用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成时表示过去。又如：

I‘d rather you left right now. 我宁愿你现在就离开。

2012年山东省高考英语试题与答案

2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（山东 卷） 英语 第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节,满分35分） 第一节语法和词汇知识运用（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 21. When you are done with the book, just give it to Lucy or Helen or __________. A. whoever B. wherever C. whatever D. however 22. — Sorry I’m late. I got stuck in traffic. — _________. You’re here now. Come in and sit down. A. You are welcome B. That’s right C. I have no idea D. Never mind 23. Maria has written two novels, both of ________ have been made into television series. A. them B. that C. which D. what 24. My first _______ of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man. A. expression B. attention C. satisfaction D. impression 25. It doesn’t matter ________ you pay by cash or credit card in this store. A. how B. whether C. what D. why 26. George returned after the war, only _______ that his wife had left him. A. to be told B. telling C. being told D. told 27. He smiled politely ______ Mary apologized for her drunken friends. A. as B. if C. unless D. though 28. After Jack had sent some e-mails, he _______ working on his project. A. had started B. has started C. started D. starts 29. Being able to afford _______ drink would be ______ comfort in those tough times. A. the; the B. a; a C. a; 不填 D. 不填；a 30. If we _______ adequate preparations, the conference wouldn’t have been so successful. A. haven’t made B. wouldn’t make C. didn’t make D. hadn’t

高考英语语法必考知识点

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