美国文学复习大纲
美国文学部分(American Literature)
一．殖民时期文学（The Literature of the Colonial Period）
1．本章考核知识点和考核要求：
1) 早期殖民地时期的文学的特点
2) 十八世纪美国文学的特点（重点是独立革命前后时期文学）
3) 主要的作家、其概况及其代表作品
4) 术语：the colonial period, American Puritanism, Puritans, Enlightenment in American, the Great A wakening
2．主要作家作品
John Smith第一个美国作家
A True Relation of Virginia and General History of Virginia.
Anne Bradstreet 殖民地时期女诗人
The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung up in America (1650)
Jonathan Edwards十八世纪上半叶大觉醒时代的代表人物
“Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”
Benjamin Franklin 本杰明·富兰克林，散文家、科学家、社会活动家，曾参与起草《独立宣言》。十八世纪美国启蒙思想代言人。
《穷查理历书》Poor Richard’s Almanac（收录格言警句）
《致富之道》The Way to Wealth
《自传》The Autobiography （富兰克林原意为写给儿子的家书）
Thomas Paine 托马斯·潘恩，散文家、政治家、报刊撰稿人。
《常识》Common Sense ( Paine 最知名的政论文：It was inspired by the first battle of the Revolutionary War—the Battle of Lexington in Concord.)
《美国危机》American Crisis
《人的权利》Rights of Man
《专制体制的崩溃》Downfall of Despotism
《理性时代》The Age of Reason
Philip Freneau 菲利普·弗伦诺，著名的“革命诗人”。
《蒸蒸日上的美洲》“The Rising Glo ry of America”
《英国囚船》“The British Prison Ship”（诗人自己被俘，关押于英国囚船的经历）
《纪念美国勇士》“To the Memory of the Brave Americans”（同类诗中最佳）
《野生的金银花》“The Wild Honeysuckle”
《印第安人殡葬地》“The Indian Burying Ground”
二．美国浪漫主义文学（American Romanticism）
1．本章考核知识点和考核要求：
1)．美国浪漫主义文学产生的社会历史及文化背景，浪漫主义文学的主要特点。
2)．主要作家的创作思想、艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构、人物刻画和语言风格。
3)．术语：Romanticism, Diedrich Knickerbocker, transcendentalism, romance (Hawthorne) free verse (Whitman) ,
2.美国浪漫主义时期的主要作家作品
Washington Irving 华盛顿·欧文，美国著名小说家，被称为“美国文学之父”，“美国短篇小说之父”.
《纽约外史》A History of New York （以Diedrich Knickerbocker为笔名发表）
《见闻札记》The Sketch Book（《瑞普·凡·温可尔》“Rip Van Winkle", 《睡谷的传说》“The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”为其中最著名的两个短篇故事）
James Fenimore Cooper 詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库珀，美国首位重要长篇小说家。开创了以《皮裹腿故事集》为代表的边疆传奇小说，其中最为重要的一部是《最后的莫西干人》。开创了航海小说体裁。
《间谍》The Spy
《领航者》The Pilot
《皮裹腿故事集》Leatherstocking Tales：
《拓荒者》The Pioneer ，
《最后的莫希干人》The Last of Mohicans
《大草原》The Prairie
《探路者》The Pathfinder
《杀鹿者》The Deerslayer
William Cullen Bryant 威廉·柯伦·布莱恩特，早期浪漫主义诗人，The American Wordsworth。
《死亡随想曲》“Thanatopsis”为诗人16岁时作品。
《致水鸟》“To a Waterfowl”
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow亨利·沃兹沃思·朗费罗，早期浪漫主义诗人。
诗歌：
《人生礼赞》“A Psalm of Life”
《失去的青春》“My Lost Youth”
《夜的赞美诗》“Hymn to the Night”
《海华沙之歌》The Song of Hiawatha （美国人写的第一部印第安人史诗）
Edgar Allan Poe 埃德加·爱伦·坡，小说家，诗人。擅长写怪诞恐怖小说和侦探小说，被西方人认为是侦探小说的鼻祖。歌特风格；首开近代侦探小说先河，又是法国象征主义运动的源头。
短篇小说：
《怪诞奇异故事集》Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque
《厄舍古屋的倒塌》The Fall of the House of Usher 恐怖小说代表作。
诗歌：
《安娜贝尔·李》“Annabel Lee”
《乌鸦》“The Raven”
《致海伦“》To Helen”
Ralph Waldo Emerson拉尔夫?沃尔多?爱默生，美国19世纪著名哲学家、作家、诗人、超验主义代表人物。
《论自然》Nature (the manifesto of American transcendentalism)
《论美国学者》“The American Scholar”（America?s Declaration of Intellectual Independence）《论自立》“Self-Reliance”
Henry David Thoreau 亨利·大卫·梭罗超验主义代表人物。
《瓦尔登湖》Walden
《论市民之不服从》“Civil Disobedience”
Nathaniel Hawthorne 纳撒尼尔·霍桑
霍桑的清教主义思想及加尔文教条中的"原罪"对霍桑有着一定的影响（人性本恶的观点）
霍桑对浪漫主义小说的贡献：小说的主题、心理描写、象征手法和小说结构。
《福谷传奇》The Blithedale Romance
《玉石雕像》The Marble Faun
《红字》The Scarlet Letter
《有七个尖角阁的房子》The House of the Seven Gables
短篇小说集：
《重述的故事》Twice-Told Tales
《古屋青苔》Mosses from an Old Manse
《雪的意象及其他重述的故事》The Snow-Image and Other Twice-Told Tales
短篇小说：《小布朗先生》Young Goodman Brown
Herman Melville 赫尔曼·麦尔维尔，美国浪漫主义时期小说家，曾做过水手，代表作《白鲸》。
《白鲸》Moby-Dick
《泰比》Typee
《奥穆》Omoo
《玛地》Mardi
《雷得本》Redburn
《白外衣》White Jacket
《皮尔埃》Pierre
《比利·巴德》Billy Budd
Walt Whitman 惠特曼，诗人，美国现代文学开创者之一，用一生经历撰写诗集《草叶集》，是自由现代诗体（free verse）的鼻祖。
《草叶集》Leaves of Grass：
《船长，我的船长》“O Capitan，My Capitan”
《小院丁香花开时》When Lilacs Lost in the Dooryard Bloom”d
《自我之歌》“Song of Myself”
《一个孩子的成长》“ There Was a Child Went Forth”
《我听见美洲在歌唱》I hear America Singing;
Emily Dickinson 艾米莉·迪金森，诗人，艾米莉·迪金森的很多诗作都以死亡为主题。
狄金森诗歌的主题：（1）“永恒”主题的诗Her poems concerning death and immortality
（2）狄金森的爱情诗Her love poems
（3）狄金森的自然诗)Her nature poems
《埃米莉·迪金森诗集》The Poems of Emily Dickinson
诗歌：
“Because I Could Not Stop for Death”
“Success”
“I died for Beauty -- but was scarce”
三．美国现实主义文学（American Realism）
1．本章考核知识点和考核要求：
1) 主要作家的主要作品、作品的艺术特色及其文学流派。
2) 术语：realism, local colourism, naturalism, vernacular language, international themes,
limited point of view, psychological realism
2．美国现实主义时期的主要作家
Mark Twain 马克·吐温、亨利·詹姆斯、豪威尔斯是美国现实主义时期的三位杰出代表。
马克·吐温的作品富有地方色彩、语言幽默。V ernacular language
《汤姆·索亚历险记》The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
《亚瑟王朝廷上的康涅狄格州美国人》A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court
《镀金时代》The Gilded Age
《加拉维拉县有名的跳蛙》The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County
《王子与贫儿》The Prince and the Pauper
《在密西西比河上》Life on the Mississippi
Henry James 亨利·詹姆斯小说家、文学批评家，美国现实主义文学代表人物之一。使詹姆斯获得声誉的是他的国际主题小说。詹姆斯的小说艺术特色：“视角”与心理分析。international themes, limited point of view, psychological realism
《戴西·米勒》Daisy Miller
《一个美国人》The American
《贵妇人的画像》The Portrait of A Lady
《欧洲人》The Europeans
《波士顿人》The Bostonians
《专使》The Ambassadors
《金碗》The Golden Bowl
《鸽翼》The Wings of the Dove
William Dean Howells 豪威尔斯，小说家、文学批评家，美国现实主义文学代表人物之一：《赛拉斯·拉帕姆的发迹》The Rise of Silas Lapham
O. Henry (William Sidney Porter)欧·亨利，短篇小说家
Harriet Beecher Stowe 斯托夫人，小说家，
《汤姆叔叔的小屋》Uncle Tom?s Cabin （the greatest anti-slavery literature）
Hamlin Garland (1860-1940): 小说家，地方色彩。
大路Main-Traveled Roads
Francis Bret Harte (1836-1902): 小说家，地方色彩。
The Luck of Roaring Camp
Theodore Dreiser西奥多·德莱塞，美国著名自然主义作家。
《嘉丽妹妹》Sister Carrie
《珍妮姑娘》Jennie Gerhardt
《美国的悲剧》An American Tragedy
《天才》The Genius
“欲望”三部曲“Trilogy of Desire”：《金融家》The Financier，
《巨头》The Titan
《斯多葛》The Stoic
Stephen Crane (1871-1900): 史蒂芬·克莱恩，自然主义小说家，印象主义的技巧。
《街头女郎麦琪》Maggie, A Girl of the Streets (1893)
《红色英勇勋章》The Red Badge of Courage (1895)
Benjamin Frank Norris (1870-1902) 诺里斯，自然主义小说家
《麦克提格》McTeague (1899)
Jack London (1867-1916) 杰克·伦敦自然主义小说家
《野性的呼唤》The Call of the Wild ( 动物小说)
《白牙》White Fang ( 动物小说)
《马丁·伊登》Martin Eden （semi-autobiographical）
《海狼》The Sea Wolf
《铁蹄》The Iron Heel
《深渊里的人们》The People of the Abyss
《热爱生命》Love of Life 伦敦的著名短篇小说
四．美国现代主义文学（American Modernism）
1．本章考核知识点和考核要求：
1）主要作家的创作思想、艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构、人物刻画和语言风格2）术语：the Lost Generation, the Jazz Age, the Roaring 20?s, the American Dream, iceberg theory, grace under pressure, code hero, imagism, juxtaposition of images symbolism, expressionism, stream-of-consciousness novel.
2．美国现代主义时期的主要作家
Edwin Arlington Robinson 罗宾逊，诗人（The poet laureate of failure，地方色彩）诗歌：
“Richard Cory”
Robert Lee Frost 罗伯特·弗洛斯特美国20世纪最伟大的诗人之一。在他的诗中，充满了新英格兰的如画的风光和风土人情。地方色彩。弗洛斯特的诗歌：田园诗；自然诗《未选择的路》“The Road Not Taken”
《摘苹果后》“After Apple-Picking”
《补墙》“Mending Wall”
《雪夜停马在林边》“Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening”
Ezra Pound 埃兹拉·庞德诗人，美国意象派诗歌的创始人。imagism, juxtaposition of images. 其他意象主义诗人。
《地铁站一瞥》“In a Station of the Metro”
《诗章》（长诗）“The Cantos”
《盟约》“A Pact”
《河商的妻子》“The River Merchant…s Wife：A Letter”
《华夏》Cathay（英译中国诗）
T. S. Eliot (1888-1965) 艾略特诗人，剧作家，批评家，classicist in literature in literature, royalist in politics, and Anglo-Catholic in religion. 现代主义。
《J． A. 普鲁弗罗克的情歌》“The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock”
《荒原》The Waste Land现代主义的标志性作品
《空心人》The Hollow Man
《四个四重奏》Four Quartets
《大教堂的谋杀》Murder in the Cathedral （诗剧）
F. Scott Fitzgerald 司各特·菲兹杰拉德，小说家，被视为早期"爵士时代"的文学代言人，《了不起的盖茨比》使他成为了不起的小说家。the Jazz Age, the Roaring 20?s, the American Dream,
《爵士时代的故事》（短篇小说集）“Tales of the Jazz”
《人间天堂》The Side of Paradise
《了不起的盖茨比》The Great Gatsby
《夜色温柔》Tender in the Night
《最后的巨头》The Last Tycoon
欧内斯特·海明威Ernest Hemingway
海明威，小说家，“迷惘的一代”的代表人物。海明威的创作风格、小说的主题和人物都受到了战争经历的影响。1954 Nobel Prize. 海明威小说的艺术特色："硬汉"形象、"重压下的风度"、"冰山"原则等。the Lost Generation, iceberg theory, grace under pressure, code hero 《太阳照样升起》The Sun Also Rises
《永别了，武器》Farewell to Arms
《丧钟为谁而鸣》For Whom the Bell Tolls
《老人与海》“The Old Man and the Sea”
《在我们的时代里》In Our Time 早期短篇小说集
《午后死亡》Death in the Afternoon 非虚构，斗牛
《非洲的青山》Green Hills of Africa 非虚构可，狩猎
《在异乡》In Another Country 短篇小说
William Faulkner威廉·福克纳，小说家，20年代美国“南方文艺复兴”杰出、最有影响的代表。1949年或诺贝尔文学奖。福克纳小说的艺术特色："意识流"、"内心独白"、"时序颠倒"等。地方色彩—南方。家族传奇。
《给艾米莉小姐的玫瑰》“A Rose for Emily”
《喧嚣与骚动》The Sound and the Fury
《八月之光》Light in August
《我弥留之际》As I lay dying
《押沙龙，押沙龙！》Absalom, Absalom
《下去, 摩西》Go Down, Moses
《沙多里斯》Sartoris (the first Yoknapatawpha novel)
John Steinbeck 约翰·斯坦贝克1902-1966 (1962 Nobel Prize 小说家，作品多描写30年代大萧条时期的平民阶级及移民工人的生活，他的作品里经常出现在生活中挣扎的人物，被认为是受了自然主义文学的影响。)
《鼠和人》Of Mice and Men
《愤怒的葡萄》The Grapes of Wrath （表现三十年代的重要小说）
Eugene O'Neill 尤金·奥尼尔，美国二十世纪最出色的剧作家，曾四次荣获普利策奖，也是迄今为止唯一的一位获得诺贝尔奖的剧作家，1936, 被誉为“美国戏剧之父”。糅合现实主义，自然主义、表现主义手法。
《天边外》Beyond the Horizon（成名作）
《安娜·克里斯蒂》Anna Christie
《琼斯皇帝》The Emperor Jones
《榆树下的欲望》Desire Under The Elms,
《送冰人来了》The Iceman Cometh
《毛猿》The Hairy Ape
《直到夜晚的漫长一天》The Long Days Journey Into Night（自传体戏剧）Tennessee Williams 田纳西·威廉姆斯，剧作家
《玻璃动物园》The Glass Menagerie (1944)
《欲望号街车》A Streetcar Named Desire (1947)
《热铁皮屋顶上的猫》Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (1955)
Arthur Miller 阿瑟·米勒剧作家
全是我的儿子All My Sons
严峻的考验The Crucible （based on Salem witch trials）
桥头眺望A View from the Bridge
推销员之死Death of a Salesman
陶洁版美国文学选读_第三版_课后习题答案解析
美国文学选读第三版课后习题答案洁(部分) Unit 1 Benjamin Franklin Questions 1.Why did Franklin write his Autobiography? Franklin says that because his son may wish to know about his life, he is taking his one week vacation in the English countryside to record his past. He also says that he has enjoyed his life and would like to repeat it 2.What made Franklin decide to leave the brother to whom he had been apprenticed? His brother was passionate, and had often beaten him. The aversion to arbitrary power that has stuck to him through his whole life .After a brush with the law, Franklin left his brother. 3.How did he arrive in Philadephia? First he set out in a boat for Amboy, the boat dropped him off about 50 miles from Burlington, the next day he reached Burlington on foot, in Burlington he found a boat which was going towards Philadelphia, he arrived there about eight
美国文学史复习提纲
I. Explain the following literary terms. 1. Romanticism The most profound and comprehensive idea of romanticism is the vision of a greater personal freedom for the individual. Appeals to imagination; Stress on emotion rather than reason; optimism, geniality. Subjectivity: in form and meaning. 2 American transcendentalism American transcendentalism was an important movement in philosophy and literature that flourished during the early to middle years of the nineteenth century (about 1836-1860). For the transcendentalists, the soul of each individual is identical with the soul of the world and contains what the world contains. 3 Realism: ―nothing more and nothing less than the truthful treatment of material.‖ the Civil war a. verisimilitude of details derived from observation b. representative in plot, setting and character c. an objective rather than an idealized view of human experience 4. Modernism like modernism in general is a trend of thought that affirms the power of human beings to create, improve, and reshape their environment, with the aid of scientific knowledge, technology and practical experimentation, and is thus in its essence both progressive and optimistic. The general term covers many political, cultural and artistic movements rooted in the changes in Western society at the end of the nineteenth and beginning of the twentieth century. American modernism is an artistic and cultural movement in the United States starting at the turn of the 20th century with its core period between World War I and World War II and continuing into the 21st century. II. Questions and Answers. Give brief answers to each of the following questions in English. 1. What is local color？ an amalgam of romantic plots and realistic descriptions of things immediately observable: the dialects, customs, sights, and sounds of regional America‖ 2. What is American Puritanism 1). Total Depravity - the concept of Original Si 2). Unconditional Election - the concept of predestination 3). Limited Atonement - Jesus died for the chosen only, not for everyone. 4). Irresistible Grace - God's grace is freely given, it cannot be earned or denied. 5). Perseverance of the "saints" - those elected by God have full power to interpret the will of God, and to live uprightly. If anyone rejects grace after feeling its power in his life, he will be going against the will of God. 3. Analyze Benjamin Franklin’s Autobiography. themes in autobiography: Self- Improvement Mind: Self-education Body: Physical Activity Behavior: Moral Perfection Religion: The best service to God is to be good to man Benjamin Franklin and aspects of The American Dream Rags to Riches: Impotence to Importance: A Philosophy of Individualism: Freewill vs. Determinism: Hope and Optimism:
美国文学选读名词解释
1.Puritanism: Puritanism is the practices and beliefs of the Puritans. 1.simply speaking , American Puritanism just refers to the spirit and ideal of puritans,who settled in the North American continent in the early part of the seventeenth century because of religious persecutions. 2.In content it means scrupulous ,moral rigor ,especially hostility to social pleasure and religion . 3.with time passing it became a dominant factor in American life , one of the most enduring shaping influences in American thought and literature.to some extent it is a state of mind,a part of the national cultural atmosphere that the American breathes ,rather than a set of tenets. 4.Actually it is a code of values,a philosophy of life and a point of view in American minds,also a two-faceted tradition of religious idealism and level -headed in common sense . 2.The American Romanticism(浪漫主义):a literary movement flourished as a cultural force the early period and the late period. associated with imagination and boundlessness, as an historical movement it arose in the 18th and 19th centuries.(Walt Whitman, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Herman Melville, Edgar Allan Poe.) II.Features of American romanticism (1) It was the expression of “a real new experience(全新体验)”. (2) American Puritanism was a cultural heritage. Many American romantic writings intended to edify(启发) more than they entertained. (3) American Romanticism is full of “newness(新奇)” . Ideals：Individualism; political equality Dream：America: a new Garden of Eden (4)American romanticism was both imitative and independent. 3.Transcendentalism 超验主义 The major features of Transcendentalism: ① The Transcendentalists placed emphasis on spirit, or the Oversoul, as the most important thing in the universe. 思想超灵宇宙 ② The Transcendentalists stressed the importance of the individual. To them, the individual is the most important element of Society. ③ The Transcendentalists offered a fresh perception of nature as symbolic of the Spirit or God. Nature was not purely matter. It was alive, filled with God’s ove rwhelming presence. 自然+上帝 Ralph Waldo Emerson. American Transcendentalism:As a philosophical and literary
2018年自学考试《美国文学选读》试题
2018年自学考试《美国文学选读》试题 Multiple choice; 1._________ works are marked by a preoccupation with the Calvinistic view of original sin and the mystery of evil. A.Emerson’s B. Hawthorne’s C. Thoreau’s D. Allan Poe’s 2. Irving’s “Rip Van Winkle”got ideas from _______ legends. A.B ritish B. German C. Italian D. French 3. “Rip Van Winkle”reveals the theme of ______ the past. A. nostalgia for B. rejectionn to C. detachment from D. dislike for 4. In Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter , “A”may stand for ____________. A. Angel B. Adultery C. Able D.all the above 4. According to Hawthorne, the scarlet letter “A”which originally stood for “____”finally obtained the meaning of “able”or “angel”through Hester’s efforts. A. adultery B. arrogance C. accomplishment D. agony 5. Which one is not the characteristics of the puritan style? A. Fresh B. Simple C. Grand D. Direct 6. In his ______, Benjamin Franklin creates the image of a boy’s rise from rags to riches and demonstrates his belief that the new world America was a land of opportunities which might be met through hard work and wise management.
美国文学史及选读复习重点
Captain John Smith (first American writer). Anne Bradstreet；The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America （colonists living） Edward Taylor(the best puritan poet) John Cotton ”the Patriarch of New England” teacher spiritual leader Benjamin Franklin The Autobiography Poor Richard’s Almanack Thomas Jefferson： Political Career Thoughts The Declaration of Independence we hold truth to be self-evidence Philip Freneau“Father of American Poetry” The Wild Honey Suckle American Romanticism optimism and hope Nationalism Washington Irving“Father of American Literature short story”The first “Pure Writer” A History of New York The Sketch Book marked the beginning of American Romanticism! “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”Rip Van Winkle James Fenimore Cooper Father of American sea and frontier novels Leather stocking Tales The Last of the Mohicans The Pioneers The Prairie The Pathfinder The Deerslayer Edgar Allan Poe father of detective story and horror fiction Tales of the Grotesque and the Arabesque “MS. Found in a Bottle” “The Murders in the Rue Morgue” “The Fall of the House of Usher”“The Masque of the Red Death”“The
美国文学选读试题
美国文学史及作品选读模拟试题一 ) '×15=15I.Multiple Choice (1'______was the first colony in American history. C1. D.Georgia C. Virginia A. Massachusetts B. New Jersey War. the before Revolutionary only good American author 2. _B_____ was the
One “His shadow lies heavier than any other man's on of his fellow Americans said, this young nation.”D.Thomas Paine B. Benjamin Franklin C. Thomas Jefferson A. John Smith 3. Romantics put emphasis on the following EXCEPT __A____. D. individualism C. intuition B. imagination A. common sense The Raven was written in 1844 by __B______ 4. B. Edgar Allan Poe A. Philip Freneau D. Emily Dickinson C. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 5. The ship __C____ carried about one hundred Pilgrims and took 66 days to beat its way across the Atlantic. In December of 1620, it put the Pilgrims ashore at Plymouth, Massachusetts. D. Titanic C. Mayflower B. Armada A. Sunflower D____ is a tremendous chronicle of a whaling voyage in 6. Melville's novel __ pursuit of a seemingly supernatural white whale. Moby Dick D. C. White Jacket A. Typee B. Omoo 7. As a philosophical and literary movement, __D____ flourished in New England from the 1830s to the Civil War. D.Transcendentalism C.Sentimentalism B.Rationalism A.Modernism 8. The theme of original sin is fully reflected in ___A______. B. Sister Carrie A. The Scarlet Letter The Old Man and Sea D. C. The Great Gatsby 9. In all his novels Theodore Dreiser sets himself to project the ___B___ American values. For example, in Sister Carrie, there is not one character whose status is not determined economically. 页1 第 A. Puritan B. materialistic C. psychological D. religious 10. Realism was a reaction against____B__ or a move away from the bias towards
美国文学史期末参考复习资料
仅作参考，最主要还是要自己消化，整理 Chapter 1 Colonial Period 1. Puritanism: American puritans accepted the doctrine of predestination, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace from God. 2. Influence (1) A group of good qualities – hard work, thrift, piety, sobriety (serious and thoughtful) influenced American literature. (2) It led to the everlasting myth. All literature is based on a myth – garden of Eden. (3) Symbolism: the American puritan’s metaphorical mode of perception was chi efly instrumental in calling into being a literary symbolism which is distinctly American. (4) With regard to their writing, the style is fresh, simple and direct; the rhetoric is plain and honest, not without a touch of nobility often traceable to the direct influence of the Bible. II. Overview of the literature 1. types of writing diaries, histories, journals, letters, travel books, autobiographies/biographies, sermons 2. writers of colonial period (1) Anne Bradstreet (2) Edward Taylor III. Benjamin Franklin 1. life 2. works (1) Poor Richard’s Almanac (2) Autobiography 3. contribution (1) He helped found the Pennsylvania Hospital and the American Philosophical Society. (2) He was called “the new Prometheus who had stolen fire (electricity in this case) from heaven”. (3) Everything seems to meet in this one man –“Jack of all trades”. Herman Melville thus described him “master of each and mastered by none”. Chapter 2 American Romanticism Section 1 Early Romantic Period I. American Romanticism 1. Background (1) Political background and economic development (2) Romantic movement in European countries Derivative – foreign influence 2. features (1) American romanticism was in essence the expression of “a real new experience and contained “an alien quality” for the simple reason that “the spirit of the place” was radically new and alien. (2) There is American Puritanism as a cultural heritage to consider. American romantic authors tended more to moralize. Many American romantic writings intended to edify more than they entertained. (3) The “newness” of Americans as a nation is in connection with Am erican Romanticism. (4) As a logical result of the foreign and native factors at work, American romanticism was both imitative and independent. II. Washington Irving: Father of American Literature 1. several names attached to Irving (1) first American writer (2) the messenger sent from the new world to the old world (3) father of American literature 2. life 3. works (1) A History of New York from the Beginning of the World to the End of the Dutch Dynasty (2) The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent. (He won a measure of international recognition with the publication of this.) (3) The History of the Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus (4) A Chronicle of the Conquest of Granada (5) The Alhambra 4. Literary career: two parts (1) 1809~1832
美国文学选读期末考试重点
1、The Colonial Period（1607-1765） American Puritanism ( in the early 17th century through the end of the 18th) 北美第一位女诗人Anne Bradstreet(宗教气息，夫妻恩爱) Edward Taylor 都受英国玄学派影响（metaphysical） 2、The Enlightenment and Revolution Period Benjamin Franklin:Poor Richard's Almanac The Autobiography---“美国梦”的根源 3、American Romanticism（end of 18th to the civil war） American writers emphasis upon the imaginative and emotional qualities of literature. 早期浪漫主义Washington Irving father of American Literature
美国文学史及选读考研复习笔记6.
History And Anthology of American Literature （6） 附：作者及作品 一、殖民主义时期The Literature of Colonial America 1．船长约翰·史密斯Captain John Smith 《自殖民地第一次在弗吉尼亚垦荒以来发生的各种事件的真实介绍》 “A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony” 《弗吉尼亚地图，附：一个乡村的描述》 “A Map of Virginia: with a Description of the Country” 《弗吉尼亚通史》“General History of Virginia” 2．威廉·布拉德福德William Bradford 《普利茅斯开发历史》“The History of Plymouth Plantation”3．约翰·温思罗普John Winthrop 《新英格兰历史》“The History of New England” 4．罗杰·威廉姆斯Roger Williams 《开启美国语言的钥匙》”A Key into the Language of America” 或叫《美洲新英格兰部分土著居民语言指南》 Or “A Help to the Language of the Natives in That Part of America Called New England ” 5．安妮·布莱德斯特Anne Bradstreet 《在美洲诞生的第十个谬斯》 ”The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America” 二、理性和革命时期文学The Literature of Reason and Revolution 1。本杰明·富兰克林Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) ※《自传》“ The Autobiography ” 《穷人理查德的年鉴》“Poor Richard’s Almanac” 2。托马斯·佩因Thomas Paine (1737-1809) ※《美国危机》“The American Crisis” 《收税官的案子》“The Case of the Officers of the Excise”《常识》“Common Sense” 《人权》“Rights of Man” 《理性的时代》“The Age of Reason” 《土地公平》“Agrarian Justice” 3。托马斯·杰弗逊Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) ※《独立宣言》“The Declaration of I ndependence” 4。菲利浦·弗瑞诺Philip Freneau (1752-1832) ※《野忍冬花》“The Wild Honey Suckle” ※《印第安人的坟地》“The Indian Burying Ground” ※《致凯提·迪德》“To a Caty-Did” 《想象的力量》“The Power of Fancy” 《夜屋》“The House of Night” 《英国囚船》“The British Prison Ship” 《战争后期弗瑞诺主要诗歌集》 “The Poems of Philip Freneau Written Chiefly During the Late War” 《札记》“Miscellaneous Works” 三、浪漫主义文学The Literature of Romanticism 1。华盛顿·欧文Washington Irving (1783-1859) ※《作者自叙》“The Author’s Account of Himself” ※《睡谷传奇》“The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” 《见闻札记》“Sketch Book” 《乔纳森·欧尔德斯泰尔》“Jonathan Oldstyle” 《纽约外史》“A History of New York” 《布雷斯布里奇庄园》“Bracebridge Hall” 《旅行者故事》“Tales of Traveller” 《查理二世》或《快乐君主》“Charles the Second” Or “The Merry Monarch” 《克里斯托弗·哥伦布生平及航海历史》 “A History of the Life and V oyages of Christopher Columbus” 《格拉纳达征服编年史》”A Chronicle of the Conquest of Grandada” 《哥伦布同伴航海及发现》 ”V oyages and Discoveries of the Companions of Columbus” 《阿尔罕布拉》“Alhambra” 《西班牙征服传说》“Legends of the Conquest of Spain” 《草原游记》“A Tour on the Prairies” 《阿斯托里亚》“Astoria” 《博纳维尔船长历险记》“The Adventures of Captain Bonneville” 《奥立弗·戈尔德史密斯》”Life of Oliver Goldsmith” 《乔治·华盛顿传》“Life of George Washington” 2．詹姆斯·芬尼莫·库珀James Fenimore Cooper (1789-1851) ※《最后的莫希干人》“The Last of the Mohicans” 《间谍》“The Spy” 《领航者》“The Pilot” 《美国海军》“U.S. Navy” 《皮袜子故事集》“Leather Stocking Tales” 包括《杀鹿者》、《探路人》”The Deerslayer”, ”The Pathfinder” 《最后的莫希干人》“The Last of the Mohicans” 《拓荒者》、《大草原》“The Pioneers”, “The Praire” 3。威廉·卡伦·布莱恩特William Cullen Bryant (1794-1878) ※《死之思考》“Thanatopsis” ※《致水鸟》“To a Waterfowl” 4。埃德加·阿伦·坡Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849) ※《给海伦》“To Helen” ※《乌鸦》“The Raven” ※《安娜贝尔·李》“Annabel Lee” ※《鄂榭府崩溃记》“The Fall of the House of Usher” 《金瓶子城的方德先生》“Ms. Found in a Bottle” 《述异集》“Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque” 5。拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882) ※《论自然》“Nature” ※《论自助》“Self-Reliance” 《美国学者》“The American Scholar” 《神学院致辞》“The Divinity School Address” 《随笔集》“Essays” 《代表》“Representative Men” 《英国人》“English Traits” 《诗集》“Poems” 6。亨利·戴维·梭罗Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862) ※《沃尔登我生活的地方我为何生活》 1
- 《美国文学选读》(第3版)田纳西
- 美国文学选读复习资料
- 美国文学史名词解释
- 美国文学选读复习提纲
- 美国文学选读复习资料
- 英美戏剧教学大纲
- 2021贵州大学外国语言文学考研参考书真题经验
- 《美国文学选读》(第3版)埃德加
- 《美国文学选读》(第3版)本杰明
- 2020年整理美国文学选读复习提纲.pdf
- 黄艳梅英美文学考研计划
- 《美国文学选读》(第3版)斯蒂芬
- 《美国文学选读》(第3版)-第1~5单元【圣才出品】
- 首都师范大学外国语言学及应用语言学专业复习指导
- 自考-《英美文学选读》作家和作品
- 英语专业主要课程教学大纲
- 美国文学史名词解释-综合
- 美国文学选读复习资料
- 美国文学选读复习资料
- 2019宁波大学英美文学考试大纲