最新完整版专四英语语法考点分析解析
语法考点之一：虚拟语气
考点1. If从句中的虚拟语气
1、与过去事实相反：从句sb had done，主句sb would(should, could, might)+ have done；
2、省略if，从句的语序用到装，即将were, had或should移至主语的前面，但否定词not不前移。
3、与将来事实相反：从句sb did (should+do或were+to do)，主句sb would (should, could, might)+do。
4、错综条件句：主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间段。
比如：从句对过去虚拟，而主句对现在虚拟，即从句sb had done，主句sb would(should, could, might)+do；
考点2：表示建议、要求、命令等动词如insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, ask, require, request, demand引导的从句及it引导的相应的分词、名词和形容词从句，谓语用（should)+动词原形。
考点3：It is +advisable, essential, important, imperative, incredible等从句，谓语用（should）+动词原形。考点4：it is (high/about) time that的结构中，从句使用一般过去式。例如:
考点5：much as"尽管，虽然"引导让步状语从句，从句中用would have done表示假设。
考点6：if only, wish, as if/as though引导从句，
与过去事实相反：had + done；
与现在事实相反：动词过去式；
与将来事实相反：could/would + do
考点7：would rather/sooner从句中
使用一般过去式或过去完成式
分别表示对现在或过去的虚拟
考点8：lest / for fear that+(should ) +原形动词。
语法考点之二：情态动词
*情态动词: will（愿意）, shall（将）, must（必须）, can, may, would, should (应该), might, could, ought to, used to（过去常常）, need（需要）, dare（竟敢），have to（不得不）
考试中，情态动词部分重点测试以下内容：
（1）情态动词+行为动词完成式（表示推测）
（2）某些情态动词的特殊用法
考点1. 情态动词＋have＋过去分词结构表示推测
(1) must have done表示推测过去某事“一定”发生了。否定形式为：can’t / couldn’t have v-ed, 表示过去不可能发生某事。
(2) could have done表示推测过去某动作“很可能”发生了。
(3) may / might have done 表示推测过去某事“也许”发生了.
(4) ought to / should have done 和ought not to / shouldn’t have done用于对已发生的情况表示“责备”、“不满”，分别表示“本应该…”和“本不应该…”
(5) needn’t have done 表示过去做了某事，但没有做的必要，意为“本没必要…”。
*did not need to do 动作并没发生。
考点2. 特殊用法
(1) should 表示惊讶
1. I am surprised__ this city is a dull place to live in.2006
A. that you should think
B. by what you are thinking
C. that you would think
D. with what you were thinking
(2) Can’t but + V.,表示不得不，与have to同义。Can’t help +Ving忍不住。
(3) cannot … too / enough 表示“无论怎么……也不算过分”、“越……越好”
(4) may/ might as well + 动词原形”意为“最好，满可以，倒不如”，相当于had better
(5) may well + 动词原形”，意为“（完全）能，很可能”
(6) may as well as还是…好了
语法考点之三：非谓语动词
考点1：不定式
(1) 考察哪些动词接不定式；
(2) 考察哪些短语接不带to的不定式；
Had better/had best
Would rather/would rather … than/rather than/would sooner/would sooner…than
Cannot but/cannot help but/do nothing but/do nothing besides/do nothing than
Why引导的疑问句
(3)考察动词不定时的时态和语态：
进行式to be doing,
完成式to have done;
一般式被动语态to be done;
完成式被动语态to have been done。
另外，不定式短语有将来时的意思；
考点2：动名词
(1)常接动名词做宾语的词：mind(介意), miss(逃过), mention(提及), prevent, postpone, practice, risk(冒险),
resist(抵制), consider(考虑), admit(承认), avoid(避免), appreciate(感激), fancy(幻想), finish(完成)，feel like(喜欢), escape(逃脱), ensure(确保) , delay(延迟), deny(否认), resent, detest, imagine(想象), suggest(建议) (2)介词后的ing：
prevent/stop/keep sb /sth from doing 阻止…做…
spend/waste time /money in doing 在做…方面花钱、浪费时间或金钱；
how /what about doing sth 做…怎么样了？
Have some difficulty/trouble in doing 在…方面有些困难；
There is no sense in doing (做…是没有理由的)
Thank / admire /praise/blame /scold/ punish sb for doing sth因做某事而感谢、羡慕、表扬、责备、惩罚某人(3)接动名词做介词to 的宾语：
apply oneself to致力于；be accustomed to习惯于；confess to供认；come to谈到；devote oneself to献身于；get down to着手做；give way to 对…让步；lead to导致；look forward to期待；next to几乎；object to反对；pay attention to注意；stick to坚持；stand up to勇敢面对；turn to求助于；be used to习惯于
考点3：分词
(1)从语态上看，
现在分词一般表主动，
过去分词一般表被动；
(2)从时态上看，
过去分词表示过去。
如果分词动作发生在句子谓语动词动作之前，分词用完成时。
（3）现在分词的否定形式是not放在分词之前。
*非谓语动词解题三步曲：
一、首先确定主句；
二、分析主动被动；
三、分析动作先后
1. _____ should not become a serious disadvantage in life and work.2010
A. To be not tall
B. Not being tall
C. Being not tall
D. Not to be tall
2. "The man preparing the documents is the firm's lawyer" has all the following possible meanings EXCEPT . 2009
A. the man who has prepared the documents...
B. the man who has been preparing the documents...
C. the man who is preparing the documents...
D. the man who will prepare the documents...
3. ______ at in this way, the situation does not seem so desperate.2000
A. Looking
B. looked
C. Being looked
D. to look
4. If not ____ with the respect he feels due to him, Jack gets very ill-
A. being treated
B. treated
5. ______, he can now only watch it on TV at home. 1998
A. Obtaining not a ticket for the match
B. Not obtaining a ticket for the match
C. Not having obtained a ticket for the match
D. Not obtained a ticket for the match
6. He wasn’t asked to take on the chairmanship of the society, ______in sufficiently poplar with all members.1996
A. having considered
B. was considered
C. was being considered
D. being considered
7. He noticed the helicopter hovering over the field. Then to his astonishment, he saw a rope ladder______ out and three men climbing down it. 1995
A. throwing
B. being thrown
C. having thrown
D. having been thrown
8. This missile is designed so that once _____nothing can be done to retrieve it.1995
A. fired
B. being fired
C. they fired
D. having fired
考点4：独立主格
（句中没有连接词，
逗号分开两个句子，
存在两个主语。
形式：名词/代词＋分词）。
(1) 分词短语作状语时，有自己独立的逻辑上的“主语”，相当于各种形式的状语，表示一种伴随的动作、情况或表原因
(2) 介词（with）+名词+形容词/副词+分词，表示伴随行动做或补充说明
A. is
B. been
C. be
D. being
2. Time ______, the celebration will be held as scheduled.2003
A. permit
B. permitting
C. permitted
D. permits
3. There ____ nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier.2000
A. to be
B. to have been
C. being
D. be
4. _____ no cause for alarm, the old man went back to his bedroom.1996
A. There was
B. Since
C. Being
D. There being
5. The country’s chief exports are coal, cars and cotton goods, cars ______the most important of these. 1994
A. have been
B. are
C. being
D. are being
6. The tape recorder___ out of order, the students did not know what to do.1990
A. was
B. Being
C. has been
D. was being
语法考点之四：定语从句
关系代词：which（指sth 作主语或宾语），that（指sb或sth 作主语或宾语），who（指sb作主语或宾语），whom（指sb作宾语），whose（指sb或sth，作定语）,as（指sb,sth 作主语或宾语）;
做宾语的时候，关系代词可以省略。
关系副词：when（指时间on which），where（指地点at which），why（指原因for which）
考点1. 先行词为人时引导词who和that
(1) 只能用who不用that：
1)当先行词为one(s), anyone, those时；
2)当先行词为人称代词时。
(2) 只能用that不用who：
1)当主句已经出现who时。
2)关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。
1. He is quite worn out from years of hard work. He is not the man _______ he was twenty years ago. 2003
A. which
B. that
C. who
D. whom
考点2. 先行词为物时引导词that和which
(1) 只能用that不用which：
1)先行词为much, little, few, nothing, none, anything, no, all等不定代词。
2）先行词既有人又有物。
3）先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰。
4）先行词被the very, the only, the last, just, all, any, every, no等修饰。
5）关系代词在从句中作表语。
6) 在疑问词who、which、what开头的句子中。
7) 主句是there be句型。
1. I was very interested in _____ she told me.2009
A. all that
B. all which
C. all what
D. That
2. There is no one in the world ______.1991
A. that ever made mistakes
B. that has ever made mistakes
C. that never makes mistakes
D. that sometimes makes mistakes
(2) 只能用which不用that:
1) 定语从句中的介词前置时关系代词只能用which;
We depend on the land from which we get our food.
2) 引导非限制性定语从句时只能用which,其先行词可是一个词, 也可是整个主句或主句的某一部分。
1. They overcame all the difficulties and completed the project two months ahead of time, _____is something we had not expected. 2003
A. which
B. it
C. that
D. what
2. We’ve just installed two air-conditioners in our apartment, ____should make great differences in our life next summer.2002
A. which
B. what
C. that
D. They
考点3：介词+关系代词(which/ whom)
(1) 关系代词前介词的确定方法：定语从句的动词与先行词的逻辑关系，或者从句的动词、形容词的习惯性搭配。
1. The party, __I was the guest of honour, was extremely enjoyable.2006
A. by which
B. for which
C. to which
D. at which
2. I’ve never been to Lhasa, but that’s the city _______.1999
A. I’d most like to visit
B. which I like to visit mostly
C. where I like to visit
D. I’d like much to visit
3.I have never been to London, but that is the city ________.1997
A. where I like to visit most
B. I'd most like to visit.
C. which I like to visit mostly
D. where I'd like most to visit
(2) Whose从句
1. Above the trees are the hills, _______ magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface.2003
A. where
B. of whose
C. whose
D. which
考点4：关系副词的运用
⑴先行词为“时间的名词”用when
1. She remembered several occasions in the past ____she had experienced a similar feeling.1998
A. which
B. before
C. that
D. when
⑵先行词为“表示地点的名词”用where
1. Have you ever been in a situation _____ you know the other person is right yet you cannot agree with him?2002
A. by which
B. that
C. in where
D. Where
⑶先行词为“表示原因的名词”why：reason＋why…（表示原因的名词只有一个）
考点5：as与which引导的定语从句
as 放在句首句中都可以，which 必需放在句中，但下列情况多用as:
1) 关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。
As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
2) 当与such as或the same连用时，一般用as。
3) as 引导的定语从句应与主句在意义上和谐一致，which无此限制：
He went abroad, as [which] was expected. 他出国了，正如大家预料到的。
He went abroad, which was unexpected. 他出国了，这让大家感到很意外。(不用as)
1. Only take these clothes ______really necessary.1994
A. as were
B. as they are
C. as they were
D. as are
2. _____ is often the case with a new idea, much preliminary activity and optimistic discussion produced no concrete proposals. 1994
A. That
B. It
C. This
D. As
注意：
定语从句中主谓一致问题：从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致。
He is one of the teachers who know English well.
He is the only one of the teachers who knows English well.(特殊)
语法考点之五：状语从句
考点1：时间状语从句
连接词：when, while, as, till/until, before, after, since, once, as soon as, every time, the moment, the minute, no sooner ..than hardly…when等
(1) whenever
1. Come and see me whenever _____. (1997)
A. you are convenient
B. you will be convenient
C. it is convenient to you
D. it will be convenient to you
(2) No sooner than/ hardly ..when/ scarcely..when 一.就..用于句首要求倒装
1. The couple had no sooner got to the station _____ the coach left.2009
A. when
B. as
C. until
D. Than
考点2：条件状语从句
连接词：if , unless so/as long as, on condition that（条件是），as (so) far as (据..所知), provided that（要是，如果），in case(假使，如果)，only if（只有）等
only if只有
1.____ both sides accept the agreement ____ a lasting peace be established in this region.2004
unless 除非
1. You won’t get a loan ______ you can offer some security.1996
A. lest
B. in case
C. unless
D. other than
2. ___ I was very much mistaken, there was something wrong with Louise. 1995
A. Unless
B. As
C. Though
D. Since
考点3：原因状语从句
连接词：Because, since, as (放句首) , for, now that(既然，由于）, when(既然), considering that（顾及到---）, seeing that（由于），in that 因为, 既然
1. Men differ from animals ____ they can think and speak.2008
A. for which
B. for that
C. in that
D. in which
2. Barry has an advantage over his mother ____ he could speak French. (2001)
A. since that
B. in that
C. at that
D. so that
考点4：让步状语从句
连接词:though, although, as, even if/though, whatever, however, wherever, while等引导。
(1) while 尽管
1. ______I sympathize, I can’t really do very much to help them out of the difficulties. 2001
A. as long as
B. as
C. while
D. even
(2) as/though引导让步状从倒装
As/though引导让步状语从句时，必须将表语、状语或动词原形提到as前面。
Try again as / though he will, he can’t succeed.
此时应注意：
一、若提前的表语是没有形容词修饰的单数可数名词，要省略不定冠词；
Child as / though he is, he knows much about the society.
二、若提前的是动词原形(多为不及物动词)，与之连用的通常是may, might, will, would等，这些词都要保留在原来的位置上(主语后)。
Swim as / though he can, he can’t swim so far.
三、as引导的让步状语从句一定要倒装，though引导的让步状语从句不一定要倒装，although引导的让步状语从句不要倒装。
四、让步状语从句中，有though，although时，后面的主句不能有but，但是though 和yet可连用。
1. Fool ____ Jerry is, he could not have done such a thing.2010/2002
A. who
B. as
C. like
D. that
2. _________, Mr. Wells is scarcely in sympathy with the working class.2005
A. Although he is a socialist
B. Even if he is a socialist
C. Being a socialist
D. Since he is a socialist
Even if 即使，让步
(3) much as 虽然，尽管
1. ____ he wanted to go out with his friends at the weekend, he had to stay behind to finish his assignment.2008
A. Much though
B. Much as
C. As much
D. Though much
2. _______I like economics I like sociology much better.2003
A. As much as
B. So much
C. How much
D. Much as
3. ____ he needed money for a new car, he decided not to borrow it from the bank. (1998)
A. Much as
B. Much though
C. As much
D. though much
(4) for all+n 尽管
1. _____, he is ready to accept suggestions from different sources. (1997)
A. Instead of his contributions
B. For all his notable contributions
C. His making notable contributions
D. However his notable contributions
(5) however+adj./adv.
1. ____ he always tries his best to complete it on time. (1999)
A. However the task is hard
B. However hard the task is
C. Though hard the task is
D. Though hard is the task
考点5：地点状语从句: where/ wherever（wherever --- 无论哪里）
考点聚焦：地点状语从句和where定语从句的区别：
Tips: 判断是定语从句还是地点状语从句，要看从句前是否有先行词，有先行词的是定语从句，否则是状语从句。
考点6：方式状语从句
1. She did her work _____her manager had instructed. 2002
A. as
B. until
C. when
D. though
考点7：结果状语从句
连接词：so that (=in order to), so…that, such…that（太…以至于）
(1) so much so that 到这样程度以致…
1. -----Does Alan like limburgers?2003
-----Yes. So much ______ that he eats them every day.
A. for
B. as
C. to
D. so
(2) such that达到这样的程度以致
1. The brilliance of his satires was _____make even his victims laugh. 1996
A. so as to
B. such as to
C. so that
D. such that
考点8：目的状语从句
连接词：so that, in order that, for fear that（为了防止）, lest（以防）
1. Loudspeakers were fixed in the hall so that everyone__ an opportunity to hear the speech.2006
A. ought to have
B. must have
C. may have
D. should have
一、、常见考点：
考点1：主语从句
(1) that引导主语从句句型：
that引导的主语从句直接放在句首的较少，更常见的是用it作形式主语置于句首，而将that引导的主语从句放在句末，因此，下列都是常见的主语从句句型：
1) It is +过去分词+ that从句：It is reported that… It is believed that… It is generally thought that… It should be noted that… It has been found that… It must be pointed out that…
同样可用的动词还有: say, expect, know, estimate, forecast
2) It is +形容词+ that从句：It is clear that… It is likely that… It is possible that… It is natural that… It is certain tha t… It is strange that… It is fortunate that… It is necessary that…
3) It is +名词短语+ that从句：It is a pity that… It is a fact that… It is good news that… It is a good thing that… It is no wonder that… It is a shame that… It is an honor that… It is common knowledge that… It is my belief that… It is a miracle that…
4) It +不及物动词+that 从句：It seems that…; It follows that…; It happens that…; It turns out that…; It comes about that…
5) 其他结构：It dawns upon/ on sb that…; It occurs to sb that…; It makes no difference that…; It doesn’t need to be bothered that…; It is of little consequence that…
(2) whether 及连接代词或连接副词引导主语从句一般放在句首。
考点2：宾语从句
what/whatever/whoever/whomever
whoever是人称代词的主格形式，一般在句子中作主语；whomever是人称代词的宾格形式，故一般作宾语。这两个词都等于the person that。what/whatever等于the thing(s) that。可以理解为“先行词+that”。
1. _____ the boss says, it is unreasonable to ask me to work overtime without pay.2009
A. Whatever
B. Whenever
C. Whichever
D. However
2. The government has promised to do ____ lies in its power to ease the hardships of the victims in the flood stricken area. (2004)
A. however
B. whichever
C. whatever
D. wherever
C. such little money
D. what little money
She gave him what money she had.
You may bring what photos you like.
what用作关系形容词，通常与表示少量含义的little，few连用(注：不能与表示多量含义的many，much连用)，表示“虽然少，但把所有的都??”。例如：
The scholar spent what little money he had on books.
I spent what little time I had with my family．
I will give what little help I can．
“It was built by working men and women who dug into what little savings they had to give$5 and$10 and $20 to the cause.”
4. After ___seemed an endless wait, it was her turn to enter the personnel ma nager’s office. (1999)
5. We can assign the task to _____ is capable and trustworthy. (1994)
A. whomever
B. who
C. whom
D. Whoever
考点3：表语从句
(1) 表语从句通常是置于系动词，尤其是is后边。
1. Quality is ____ counts most.2008
A. which
B. that
C. what
D. where
考点4：同位语从句
(1) “名词+that +陈述句”句型：
(2) no doubt+that/doubt+whether
1. There is no doubt ____ the company has made the right decision on the sales project. (2001)
A. why
B. that
C. whether
D. when
语法考点串讲之七：主谓一致
1) “就远原则”:在“A +(with, together with, along with, as well as, but, except, besides, like, including, rather than, more than, no less than)+B”结构中，谓语动词的单复数与之B一致。
1. Mr Wells, together with all the members of his family, ____ for Europe this af
A. are to leave
B. are leaving
C. is leaving
D. Leave
2) 就近原则：neither…nor…, (either)…or…, not only…but also…, not…but…等并列结构作主语时采取就近原则：谓语动词的数由与其最接近的那个主语的数决定。
1. It is futile to discuss the matter further, because ____ going to agree upon anything today.2003
A. neither you nor I are
B. neither you nor me is
C. neither you nor I am
D. neither me nor you are
3) more than one + n/ Many a + n/ Every A and every B / No A and no B/ one and a half +n 谓语动词用单数。注意：more 复数名词+than one 用复数，More members than one are against your plan.
4) 由and连接的多个成分，若表示一种事物或一种概念时，用单数动词；若表示的是多个不同的概念时，则用复数动词。并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时, 谓语动词用单数形式。如:bread and butter, bread and cheese, a knife and fork, a cart and horse, needle and thread, law and order, fish and chips, meat and potatoes
5)如果主语由“the＋形容词”结构担任时,表示一类人，为复数概念，谓语用复数。
6) people, police, cattle, militia是复数名词, 接动词复数形式。Peoples指民族。sheep , deer, fish , means, aircraft works单复数同形, 动词根据名词的单复数决定。
7) 常见的表示成对概念的复数名词，如：pants, trousers, scissors, scales（天平），glasses, binoculars(双筒望远镜)，spectacles, bifocals（双光眼镜）。谓语动词用复数。
8) 形式上是复数（词尾加s）,但表示单数概念的词，谓语用单数。Works(工厂)、gallows(绞刑架)、politics, statistics, measles, diabetes。若statistics不表示学科，而表示“统计数据”时，则需要复数。
1. The statistics___that living standards in the area have improved drastically in recent times.2006
A. proves
B. is proving
C. are proving
D. prove
9) 书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。
A. remain
B. remains
C. remained
D. is remaining
10) “数量词+名词”结构的主谓一致
只与可数名词连用只接单数的Each
Every
单数谓语
只接复数的 A couple of，
Several,
A number of
复数谓语
只与不可数名词连用A great deal of，
A large amount of
单数谓语
与可数名词复数或不可数名词连用均可Not any, Some, A
lot of, Plenty of,
Most, all, a pair
of
接可数复数名词时用复数
谓语；接不可数名词时用
单数谓语。
语法考点之八：倒装句
考点1：全部倒装
(1) 在以now, down, away, here, there 等副词开头的句子里。
There stands a tall tree in front of our school gate.
Now comes your turn.
(2) 表示地点的介词短语位于句首时。
考点2：部分倒装
(1) Only+状语位于句首时
Only in this way can we make great progress.
(2) 否定副词及短语位于句首时。
常考的词或词语有not, seldom, hardly, little, nowhere, by no means, in no time等。
1. Little _____ about her own safety, though she herself was in great danger.2009
A. she cared
B. she may care
C. may she care
D. did she care
(3) so\ neither\ nor 位于句首时。
1. So +助动词+主语：…也一样。
2. So +主语+助动词：…确实如此。承前肯定so只能指定一件事情，两件事情用so it is(the same) with sb
1. It is going to be fine tomorrow. _______.2009
A. So is it.
B. So it is.
C. So it does.
D. So does it.
3. Neither 和Nor 用于否定句，表示“ 也不，也没有”。Neither\ Nor +助动词+主语
A. or the police have placed
B. or have the police placed
C. nor the police have placed
D. nor have the police placed
(4) 在“so + adj./adv. + that…”句式中，将“so + adj./adv. ”放在句首时的倒装。
1. So badly _____ in the car accident that he had to stay in hospital for a few months. (1994)
A. did he injure
B. injured him
C. was he injured
D. he was injured
(5) not only … but also…; not...until 句式的倒装(前倒后不倒)
1. Not until a monkey is several years old__ to exhibit signs of independence from its mother. (1991)
A. it does begin
B. when it begins
C. does it begin
D. before it begins
语法考点之九：反义疑问句
1）情态动词：
(1) 反意疑问句的陈述部分谓语有have to时，附加疑问句通常用助动词do；
反意疑问句的陈述部分为used to时，附加问句用助动词did。
1. There used to be a petrol station near the park, __? 2006
A. didn’t it
B. doesn’t there
C. usedn’t it?
D. didn’t there
(2) 反意疑问句的陈述部分谓语有need时，need做情态动词，附加疑问句仍用need，need做实义动词时，附加问句用助动词do。
(3) 陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用may +主语I wish to have a word with you, may I?
2) 祈使句的反义疑问句：
(1) do..., don't...?; don't..., do...,?
1. When you have finished with that book, don't forget to put it back on my desk, _____?2008
A. do you
B. don't you
C. will you
D. won't you
2. When you have finished with that video tape, don’t forget to put it in my drawer, _____? 1997
A. do you
B. will you
C. don’t you
D. Won’t you
3. Do help yourself to some fruit, ______you?2000
A. can’t
B. don’t
C. wouldn’t
D. won’t
3) 陈述部分用no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。
1. She seldom goes to the theatre, _____?2010
A. doesn't she
B. does she
C. would she
D. wouldn't she
4) 否定前缀不能视为否定词，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式
5) 复合句的反疑疑问句
(1) 带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定
1. She would have been more agreeable if she had changed a little bit, ______? 2003
A. hadn’t she
B. hasn’t she
C. wouldn’t she
D. didn’t she
(2) 上述部分主句谓语是I /we think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine 等引导的宾语从句，疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句：前肯定句，后用否定句；前有否定句，后面附加问句用肯定。
I don't think he is bright, is he?
语法考点之十：形容词比较级和比较结构
考点1：原级比较一般结构as … as ; not as … as ; the same … as ;
1. There are as good fish in the sea _____ ever came out of it.2007
A. than
B. like
C. as
D. so
考点2：A is to B what / as X is Y ;
1. Nine is to three _____ three is to one.2008
A. when
B. that
C. which
D. what
2. Intellect is to the mind ____ sight is to the body. (2001)
A. what
B. as
C. that
D. Like
3. Twelve is to three four is to one.1998
A. what
B. As
C. That
D. like
考点3：倍数或几分之几
“A + be + X times + 计量形容词比较级+ than + B ”
“A + be + X times + as + 计量形容词原级+ as + B”。
1. Some dieters find that after their dieting is over, they eat twice _______ they did before their diet. 1993
A.more than
B.as many as
C.much than
D.as much as
“A + be + X times + the + 计量名词+ of + B
1. A new laptop costs about _____ of a second-hand one. 2009
A. the price of three times
B. three times the price
C. as much as the three times price
D. three times more than the price
2. The square itself is five hundred yards wide, five times ____ the size of St. Peter's in Rome.2008
A. /
B. that of
C. which is
D. of
考点4：
(1) more than “不仅是，非常，十分”等，用法和意义较多。
1. It was ____ we had hoped.2006
A. more a success than
B. a success more than
C. as much of a success as
D. a success as much as
(2) more of a +可数名词单数+than 更称得上
1. Do you know Tim’s brother? He is ____than Tim2005.
A. much more sportsman
B. more of a sportsman
C. more of sportsman
D. more a sportsman
(3) not … any more than和…同样都不
1. Fat cannot change into muscle ______muscle changes into fat.1999
A. any more than
B. no more than
C. no less than
D. much more than
(4) not more ….than 不超过；前者不如后者
1. Overpopulation poses a terrible threat to the human race. Yet it is probably _____a threat to the human race than environmental destruction.2007
A. no more
B. not more
C. even more
D. much more
(5) no less than = as much as
1. John is______ hardworking than his sister, but he failed in the exam.1998
A. no less
B. no more
C. not less
D. no so
考点5：在more … than 结构中，than 有时可看作关系代词，相当于than what…
1. The research requires more money than _______. 2007
A. have been put in
B. has been put in
C. being put in
D. to be put in
2. There ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of mountain climbing than ________ in the public mind today.1999
A. Exists
B. Exist
C. Existing
D. to exist
考点6：as much as
Language belongs to each member of the society, to the cleaner__ to the professor.
A as far as
B the same as
C as much as
D as long as
考点7：not …so much as与其说，不如说
1. It is not ____ much the language as the background that makes the book difficult to understand.2007
A. that
B. as
C. so
D. very
2. That trumpet player was certainly loud. But I wasn’t bothered by his loudness ____ by his lack of talent.2004
A. so much as
B. rather than
C. as
D. than
3. It is not so much the language ______the cultural background that makes the book difficult to understand.1999
A. but
B. nor
C. as
D. like
考点8 the more …the more
The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of a fully-loaded truck, ______ to the truck.
A. the greater stress is
B. greater is the stress
C. the stress is greater
D. the greater the stress
初中英语语法知识点地点副词
初中英语语法知识点：地点副词 初中英语语法知识点：地点副词 表示地点的副词和表示位置关系的副词统称为地点副词。表示地点的：here, there, home, upstairs, downstairs, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere, somewhere, abroad, elsewhere等。地点副词常放在动词后面，如果是及物动词，一般就放在宾语后面。如：I remember having seen him somewhere. 副词可以用作表语，主要是地点副词，但时间副词和其他副词有时也可以用作表语。常见的这类副词有：表示地点的：here, there, home, upstairs, downstairs, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere, somewhere, abroad, elsewhere等。表示位置关系的：above, below, down, up, out, in, across, back, along, over, round, around, away, near, off, on, inside, outside, past等。在表示位置关系的副词中，有些副词也可用作介词(如：above, over, beyond, around, below, down, up, in, along, near, off, on, past等),在没有宾语时就是副词，有宾语时就是介词，如： Come in, please. （副词） They live in the next room. （介词） Let's take along. (副词) Let's walk along this street. (介词) She looked around. (副词) They sat around the table. (介词) Let's go on with the work...(副词) What subject will you speak on? (介词) 地点副词在句中的位置地点副词常放在动词后面，如果是及物动词，一般就放在宾语后面。如：I remember having seen him somewhere. Wuxia films are popular in China. 地点副词和时间副词并列使用时，一般要把地点副词放在时间副词之前。如： We had a meeting here yesterday. He did the work carefully here yesterday. 如果地点状语很长时，也可以放在时间状语之后。如： He was born in 1940 in a small village at the foot of Mount Tai。地点副词常可以用作表语副词可以用作表语，主要是地点副词，时间副词和其他副词有时也可以用作表语。如： They are inside. 他们在里面。 How long will she be away? 她要离开多久？ When will you be back? 你什么时候回来？ You haven't been around much. 你很少到这边来。 He'll be round in
初中英语语法考点比较级
比较等级，几多注意 在本单元的学习中，我们又进一步了解了比较等级的用法。可是在具体运用中，常有同学因粗心而犯下一些错误。那么，学习比较等级，有那些要注意的地方呢？ 一注意单词拼写 可不要以为拼写是一个小问题呀！形容词或副词变比较级的规则可要时刻牢记，该双写，该去e，该加more或该y变i，都是不能马虎的。例如： 他总是比我到校早。 He always comes to school earlyer than me. （误） （正）He always comes to school earlier than me. 二注意比较对象 在比较等级的句型中，比较的双方必须是同类事物，否则会引起歧义。即人与人，物与物的比较。例如： 他的尺子比我的长。 His ruler is longer than me.（误） （正）His ruler is longer than mine. 三注意符合逻辑 自身能进行比较吗？当然是不行的。可是有时我们因不小心而将自己和自己比较。为了避免这样的错误，可借助“any other+单数名词”来帮忙。例如： 中国比亚洲的其他任何一个国家都大。 China is larger than any country in Asia. （误） （正）China is larger than any other country in Asia. 四注意修饰词语
在比较等级中，so, very, quite, too等修饰原级；much, a lot, far, even 等常修饰比较级。在使用时，不要弄错了。例如： 姚明比我高多了。Yao Ming is very taller than I. （误） （正）Yao Ming is much taller than I. 五注意范围介词 在表达最高级时，常用到in或of两个表范围的介词。in表示“在…范围之中”，而of常用于“在…同类之中”。例如： 玛丽是我们班最漂亮的女孩。Mary is the prettiest girl of our class. （误） （正）Mary is the prettiest girl in our class. 六注意定冠词的使用 1. 形容词最高级前一般有定冠词，但如果前边也有物主代词，名词所有格 等词来修饰时，定冠词the常被省略。例如： 加里是我最好的朋友。Gary is my the best friend. （误） （正）Gary is my best friend. 2. 形容词比较级前一般不加定冠词，但句中有“of the two”结构表示“两者中较…的一个”时，定冠词the要加上。例如： 苏珊是这两个女孩子当中较胖的一个。 Susan is fatter of the two girls. （误） （正）Susan is the fatter of the two girls. 3. 在使用最高级“one of the +最高级+复数名词”结构时，定冠词the不能丢掉。例如：
经典英语语法讲解解析
三天搞定英语语法 英语语法分为两个部分。一个部分是词法，即词的构成和词的使用规律。另一个部分是句法，即句子的组成和句子的使用方法。 英语语法的特点可以用三句话来表示：1、每个词都有词性；2、每句话都有动词(实意动词或系动词)；3、每句话都必须符合五个基本句型。 三句话用一句话来说，就是，标出句中每一个单词的词性，找出句中所有动词，并标出其种类和相应的句子成分。理解，掌握，运用好这句话，按照一：词性；二：动词种类；三：动词相对应的句子成分；四：从句；五：非谓语动词方法就能透彻理解英语语法体系。 词的分类 词类又叫词性，英语单词根据其在句子中的功能，可以分成十个大类。 词类词义英语名称缩写形式例词中译 noun n. student 学生 1、名词表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名 称。 2、代词主要用来代替名词。pronoun pron. you 你 3、形容词表示人或事物的性质或特征。adjective adj. happy 高兴的 4、数词表示数目或事物的顺序。numeral num. three 三 5、动词表示动作或状态。verb v. cut 砍、割 adverb adv. quickly 迅速地 6、副词修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时 间、地点、程度等。 7、冠词用在名词前,帮助说明名词。article art. a 一个 preposition prep. at 在... 8、介词表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句 子成分的关系。 9、连词用来连接词、短语或句子。conjunction conj. and 和 10、感叹词表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。interjection interj. Oh 哦 词性的分类: 修饰: 形容数冠代词名词 （red）（one）（a/the）（my）wood 1.名词 代替: 代词it 形容词the red 数词one
英语专四语法总结
1.主谓一致 就近原则 1.由并列结构或连词（either…or， neither…nor，not…but， not only…but also， or 等）连接的并列主语，谓语动词与靠近的那个名词或代词保持一致。 2. 在倒装句和there be句型中，谓语动词与后面的第一个主语保持一致。 例句：There is a book and some pens on the desk.桌子上有一本书和几支钢笔。 3. 在强调句中，连接代词又在句中作主语，这时它应与被强调的主语保持一致。例句：It is Mary’s brother who was injured in the car accident. 是Mary 的哥哥在车祸中受伤了。 意义一致原则 1. 当主语与谓语动词之间插入along with，with，as well as，together with，no less than，besides，except， but， including等短语时，谓语动词不受这些插入语的干扰，依然和主语保持一致。 例句：I, along with my sister, am going to Shanghai next month. 我，还有我姐姐，打算下个月去上海。 2. 英语中有一类单、复数同型的词（people，means，sheep，deer，fish等），其单、复数取决于它在句中的含义。 例句：All of the people in the country have been prepared for the great reformation.这个国家的人都已经为大变革做好了准备。 3. 多数情况下，由“what”引导的名词性从句作主语时，其后的谓语动词通常用单数形式。 例句：What I want to say is just “ Take care!”.我只想说：“多保重！” 4. 当主语与all， none， any，some等不定代词、形容词连用时，应根据具体句意，来决定其后的谓语动词的单复数。 例句：All I know about this company is what he told me yesterday.我对这家公司的了解都是昨天完他告诉我的。 5. “…+ (of) +名词”结构描述数量时，如果“of”后的名词为单数（不可数名词），则谓语动词用单数，如果名词为复数，则谓语动词用复数。 例句：Most of the water here is clean.大部分的水是干净的。 80% cotton has been sent to America.80%的棉花已经被送往美国。 Half of the apples are red.有一半儿的苹果是红的。 6. 词组“a number of， a great/good many， a group of +可数名词复数”的结构作主语时，谓语动词应用复数；如果冠词a变为the，则谓语动词用单数。 例句： A number of ancient buildings are destroyed in the war.许多的古代建筑在战争中被毁。 The number of the visitors has decreased this year. 游客的数量今年减少了。 7. 英语的集体名词（committee, crowd, family, public, group, party, team, class, club, company, union ,clergy, mankind,militia,police,people,poultry等词），指代“整体”时为单数；指代“其中的各成员”则为复数。 例句：My family was very poor when I was a little girl.当我还是一个小女孩儿的时候，我家很穷。
初中英语语法大全知识点总结
英语语法大全 初中英语语法 学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词 或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间 接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如： He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如：
初中英语语法知识—并列连词的经典测试题及解析(5)
一、选择题 1．My grandfather is 85 years old. he's in excellent condition. A．Or B．And C．As D．So 2．Tony is English ________ he is thirteen years old. A．but B．and C．or D．so 3．—Alice didn't go to the party ______her illness. —I'm sorry to hear that. A．because B．but C．so D．because of 4．-- I bought Granny a present, ＿＿＿ she didn't like it. A．but B．and C．or D．so 5．Plan ahead for everything, _______ you will have a hurry life. A．and B．or C．for D．but 6．My brother will get up early tomorrow morning ___________ he must go to bed now. A．and B．but C．so D．or 7．I live far away from my school, ________ I have to get up early every day. A．and B．but C．so D．or 8．— Would you like some cakes? — No, thanks. They smell delicious I’m not hungry. A．and B．so C．but D．or 9．Lucy is my classmate,_______ she is twelve too. A．because B．but C．so D．and 10．I know her, ____________I forget（忘了）her name. A．so B．and C．but 11．He speaks English French. He speaks Chinese. A．either; or B．not only; but also C．both; and D．neither; nor 12．The UK is a small__________beautiful country. A．and B．but C．so 13．—What happened just now? —A car hit an old man at the crossing. He was hurt, not too bad. A．and B．or C．so D．but 14．His schoolbag _____ his baseball are on the sofa,____ his clock is not. A．and ,and B．but, but C．and ,but D．but, and 15．—Let’s talk about the result of the survey. —________ many students like to watch sports shows, ________ game shows are the most popular. A．Although; but B．Although; / C．But; although D．But; /
英语专四语法试题
英语语法试题 2 51. Give me your telephone number ________ I need your help. A) whether C) so that B) unless D) in case 52. They lost their way in the forest, and _____ made matters worse was that night began to fall. A) that C) what B) it D) which 53. _________ to speak when the audience interrupted him. A) Hardly had he begun C) Not until he began B) No sooner had he begun D) Scarcely did he begin 54. I will give this dictionary to _________ wants to have it. A) whomever C) whoever B) someone D) anyone 55. The engineers are going through with their highway project, ________ the expenses have risen. A) even though C) now that B) just because D) as though 56. Water will continue to be _________ it is today ------- next in importance to oxygen. A) how C) as B) which D) what 57. Prof. Lee’s book will show you _________ can be used in other contexts. A) that you have observed C) how that you have observed B) that how you have observed D) how what you have observed 58. You can arriv e in Beijing earlier for the meeting _________ you don’t mind taking the night train. A) provided C) though B) unless D) until 59. Most electronic devices of this kind, _______ manufactured for such purposes, are tightly packed. A) that are C) which is B) as are D) it is 60. As for the winter, it is inconvenient to be cold, with most of ________ furnace fuel is allowed saved for the dawn. A) what C) which B) that D) such 61. Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, _________ obtaining water is not the least. A) of which C) on which B) for what D) in which 62. _________ is generally accepted, economical growth is determined by the smooth development of production. A) What C) It B) That D) As 63. Hydrogen is the fundamental element of the universe ________ it provides the building blocs from which the other elements are produced. A) so that C) in that B) but that D) provided that 64. The senior librarian at the circulation desk promised to get the book for me ________ she could remember who last borrowed it. A) ever since C) even though B) much as D) if only
初中英语语法知识点总结
英语语法大全 初中英语语法学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before .
10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。 如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市)
初中英语语法(考点)大全
初中英语语法汇总 一．词类(Parts of Speech) (2) 二．名词(Nouns) (2) 三．代词(Pronouns) (4) 四．数词(Numeral) (4) 五．动词(Verb) (5) 六．介词(Prepositions) (6) 七．冠词（Articles） (7) 八．形容词（The Adjective） (8) 九．句子的种类(Kinds of Sentences) (9) 十．一般疑问句和特殊疑问句 (9) 考试常用关键词汇（完备） (11)
一．词类(Parts of Speech) 名词英文名称The Noun(缩写为n.) 表示人或事物的名称，例词boy clock book等； 代词英文名称The Pronoun(缩写为pron 用来代替名词、形容词或是数词，例词we that his what； 数词英文名称The Numeral(缩写为num.) 表示数量或是顺序，例词one thirteen first； 动词英文名称The Verb(缩写为v.) 表示动作或状态，例词sit go be(am is are); 介词英文单词The Preposition(缩写为prep.)表示名词、代词等和句中其他词的关系，例词in on of to under； 冠词英文名称The Article(缩写为art.) 用在名词前帮助说明名词所指的人和或事物，例词a(an),the； 形容词英文名称The Adjective(缩写为adj.) 用以修饰名词,表示人或事物的特征，例词old red fine good；副词英文名称The Adverb(缩写为adv.) 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，例词not too here very; 连词英文单词The Conjunction(缩写为conj.) 用来连接词与词、短语与短语或句与句，例词and or but；感叹词英文单词The Interjection(缩写为interj.) 表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。例词oh hello hi er； 二．名词(Nouns) 1.总的说来,名词分专有名词和普通名词两类。 专有名词: 表示具体的人,事物,地点或机构的专有名称。Lucy，China 中国，Asia 亚洲，Beijing 北京。 专有名词的第一个字母要大写； 普通名词: 表示某些人,某类事物,某种物质或抽象概念的名称。例如: teacher 老师，tea 茶，reform 改革，普通名词又可进一步分为四类； 1) 个体名称: 表示单个的人和事物。house 马car 汽车room 房间apple 苹果fun 风扇picture 照片 2) 集体名称: 表示一群人或一些事物的名称。people 人们family 家庭army 军队government 政府 group 集团 3) 物质名词:表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质。fire 火steel 钢air 空气water 水 milk 牛奶 4)抽象名词:表示动作,状态,品质或其他抽象概念。labour 劳动health 健康life 生活friendship友情 patience耐力 2.名词按其所表现的事物的性质分为可数名词和不可数名词。 可数名词(Countable Nouns)有复数形式,如:an apple，two apples，a car，some cars 不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns)一般没有复数形式.
初中英语语法知识—名词的经典测试题含答案(3)
一、选择题 1．Peter would like a bowl of ________noodles. A．tomato and egg B．tomato and eggs C．tomatoes and eggs D．tomatoes and egg 2．________wild animals are disappearing because of the ________of their living areas. A．The number of; lost B．The number of; losing C．A number of; lose D．A number of; loss 3．I’m hungry. I want some _________. A．water B．bread C．toys D．homework 4．Is it a picture_________ your school? A．of B．to C．and D．with 5．There are two________ near our school. A．shoe shops B．shoes shops C．shoe's shops D．shoes' shops 6．---- _________ is it from Nanjing to Beijing? --- It’s less than three ___________ flight. A．How long, hour’s B．How far, hour’s C．How long, hours’D．How far, hours’ 7．There is a______ shop and two_______ shops not far away from my school. A．sports; shoe B．sports; shoes C．sport; shoe D．sport; shoes 8．—I hear your family have made up their ________ to India next month. Have a pleasant journey. —Thank you. A．mind travelling B．minds travelling C．mind to travel D．minds to travel 9．—Do you know Shanghai is one of _______ in the world? —Yes, it’s bigger than _______ city in China. A．the biggest city; any B．the biggest cities; any C．the biggest cities; any other D．the biggest cities; the other 10．Some ________went to Japan to help when they knew that many ________ lost their homes in the earthquake. A．Germen; Japanese B．Frenchmen; Japaneses C．Germans; Japanese 11．There________some water in the bottle. A．is B．am C．are D．be 12．________the________Mike’ s and Jack’s? A．Is, rooms B．Are, room C．Are, rooms D．Is, room 13．Good food and_______help her_______better. A．exercise; study B．exercise; studies
完整版专四英语语法考点教学内容
完整版专四英语语法 考点
语法考点之一：虚拟语气 考点1. If从句中的虚拟语气 1、与过去事实相反：从句sb had done，主句sb would(should, could, might)+ have done； 2、省略if，从句的语序用到装，即将were, had或 should移至主语的前面，但否定词not不前移。 3、与将来事实相反：从句sb did (should+do或were+to do)，主句sb would (should, could, might)+do。 4、错综条件句：主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间段。 比如：从句对过去虚拟，而主句对现在虚拟，即从句sb had done，主句sb would(should, could, might)+do； 考点2：表示建议、要求、命令等动词如insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, ask, require, request, demand引导的从句及it引导的相应的分词、名词和形容词从句，谓语用（should)+动词原形。 考点3：It is +advisable, essential, important, imperative, incredible等从句，谓语用（should）+动词原形。 考点4：it is (high/about) time that的结构中，从句使用一般过去式。例如: 考点5：much as"尽管，虽然"引导让步状语从句，从句中用would have done表示假设。 考点6：if only, wish, as if/as though引导从句， 与过去事实相反：had + done； 与现在事实相反：动词过去式； 与将来事实相反：could/would + do 考点7：would rather/sooner从句中 使用一般过去式或过去完成式 分别表示对现在或过去的虚拟 考点8：lest / for fear that+(should ) +原形动词。 语法考点之二：情态动词 *情态动词: will（愿意）, shall（将）, must（必须）, can, may, would, should (应该), might, could, ought to, used to（过去常常）, need（需要）, dare（竟敢），have to（不得不） 考试中，情态动词部分重点测试以下内容： （1）情态动词+行为动词完成式（表示推测） （2）某些情态动词的特殊用法 考点1. 情态动词＋have＋过去分词结构表示推测 (1) must have done表示推测过去某事“一定”发生了。否定形式为：can’t / couldn’t have v-ed, 表示过去不可能发生某事。 (2) could have done表示推测过去某动作“很可能”发生了。 (3) may / might have done 表示推测过去某事“也许”发生了.
初中英语语法大全汇总
初中英语语法大全汇总 （一） 一.词类(Parts of Speech) 名词英文名称The Noun(缩写为n.) 表示人或事物的名称例词boy,clock,book等 冠词英文名称The Article(缩写为art.) 用在名词前帮助说明名词所指的人和或事物。例词a(an),the 代词英文名称The Pronoun(缩写为pron) 用来代替名词、形容词或是数词例词we,that,his,what 形容词英文名称The Adjective(缩写为adj.) 用以修饰名词,表示人或事物的特征 例词old,red,fine,good. 数词英文名称The Numeral(缩写为num.) 表示数量或是顺序。例词one,thirteen first 动词英文名称The Verb(缩写为v.) 表示动作或状态。例词sit,go,be(am,is,are) 副词英文名称The Adverb(缩写为adv.) 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词。例词not too,here,very 介词英文单词The Preposition(缩写为prep.) 表示名词、代词等和句中其他词的关系。例词in,on,of,to,under. 连词英文单词The Conjunction(缩写为conj.) 用来连接词与词、短语与短语或句与句。例词and,or,but. 感叹词英文单词The Interjection(缩写为interj.) 表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。例词oh,hello,hi,er. 二.名词(Nouns) 1.总的说来,名词分专有名词和普通名词两类。 专有名词: 表示具体的人,事物,地点或机构的专有名称。 Lucy China 中国Asia 亚洲Beijing 北京。 专有名词的第一个字母要大写。 普通名词: 表示某些人,某类事物,某种物质或抽象概念的名称。例如: teacher 老师tea 茶reform 改革 普通名词又可进一步分为四类 1) 个体名称: 表示单个的人和事物。 house 马car 汽车room 房间apple 苹果fun 风扇picture 照片 2) 集体名称: 表示一群人或一些事物的名称。 people 人们family 家庭army 军队government 政府group 集团 3) 物质名词:表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质。 fire 火steel 钢air 空气water 水milk 牛奶 4)抽象名词:表示动作,状态,品质或其他抽象概念。 labour 劳动health 健康life 生活friendship友情patience耐力 2.名词按其所表现的事物的性质分为可数名词和不可数名词。 可数名词(Countable Nouns)有复数形式,如: an apple two apples a car some cars 不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns)一般没有复数形式. 抽象名词, 物质名词和专有名词一般是不可数名词。 sand 沙sugar 糖 有少数名词即可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词,但含义不同。 glass 玻璃glass 玻璃杯paper 纸paper 报纸,文件 名词的功能 名词在句中作主语, 宾语,介词宾语,宾语补助语,表语以及名词短语作状语。 The bag is in the desk. bag 作主语。 书包在桌子里边。 I washed my clothes yesterday. clothes 作宾语。 昨天我洗了我的衣服。
初中英语语法知识—名词的经典测试题附解析(5)
一、选择题 1．—_________ is it from Wuxi to Shanghai? —It’s about ________ drive. A．How long; a two hours’B．How far; a two-hours C．How far; two hours’D．How long; a two-hour 2．________the________Mike’ s and Jack’s? A．Is, rooms B．Are, room C．Are, rooms D．Is, room 3．— Do you know all the names in your class, Mr King? —No, only part of them. A．student B．students C．student’s D．students’4．Alan usually goes to Harbin in .He likes playing with snow. A．May B．July C．September D．November 5．Is it a picture_________ your school? A．of B．to C．and D．with 6．—Let’s make a banana milk shake. —How many ________ do we need? A．bananas B．cup of milk C．honey 7．—Do _________ like going to ___________? —I don’t know. A．woman teachers, clothes shops B．women teachers, clothes shops C．woman teachers, sport shops D．women teachers, vegetables shops 8．—I hear your family have made up their ________ to India next month. Have a pleasant journey. —Thank you. A．mind travelling B．minds travelling C．mind to travel D．minds to travel 9．—Do you know Shanghai is one of _______ in the world? —Yes, it’s bigger than _______ city in China. A．the biggest city; any B．the biggest cities; any C．the biggest cities; any other D．the biggest cities; the other 10．—What does your mother have for dinner？ — A．Chickens and tomato B．Chicken and tomatoes．C．Chicken and tomato．11．My sister and I like eating two _______ and some _______ for dinner. They are really delicious. A．salad; eggs B．salads; eggs C．salad; eggs D．salads; egg 12．—Do you think it is _______good advice? —Yes, it’s really _______useful suggestion.