2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习 科普知识阅读理解(2)(I)

2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习科普知识阅读理解（2）(I)

科普知识（阅读理解）由 (xx山东,C)改编

You can’t always predict a heavy rain or remember your umbrella.But designer Mikhail Belyaev doesn’t think that forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out should result in you gettin g wet.That’s why he created Lampbrella,a lamp post with its own rain—sensing umbrella.

The designer says he came up with the idea after watching people get wet on streets in Russia.“Once,I was driving on a central Saint Petersburg street and saw the street lamps lighting up people trying to hide from the rain.I thought it would be appropriate to have a canopy(伞篷)built into a street lamp.”he said.

The Lampbrella is a standard-looking street lamp fitted with an umbrella canopy.It has a built-in electric motor which can open or close the umbrella on demand.Sensors(传感器)then ensure that the umbrella offers pedestrians shelter whenever it starts raining.

In addition to the rain sensor,there’s also a 360° motion sensor on the fiberglass street lamp which detects whether anyone is using the Lampbrella.After three minutes of not being used the canopy is closed.

According to the designer,the Lampbrella would move at a relatively low speed,so as not to cause harm to the pedestrians.Besides,it would be grounded to protect from possible lightning strike.Each Lampbrella would offer enough shelter for several people.Being installed(安装) at 2 metres off the ground,it would only be a danger for the tallest of pedestrians.

While there are no plans to take the Lampbrella into production,Belyaev says he recently introduced his creation to one Moscow Department,and insists his creation could be installed on any street where a lot of people walk but there are no canopies to provide shelter.

1.For what purpose did Belyaev create the Lampbrella?( )

A.To predict a heavy rain.

B.To check the weather forecast.

C.To protect people from the rain.

D.To remind people to take an umbrella.

2.What do we know from Belyaev’s words in Paragraph 2?()

A.His creation was inspired by an experience.

B.It rains a lot in the city of Saint Petersburg.

C.Street lamps are protected by canopies.

D.He enjoyed taking walks in the rain.

3.Which of the following shows how the Lampbrella works?( )

A.motor→canopy→sensors

B.sensors→motor→canopy

C.motor→sensors→can opy

D.canopy→motor→sensors

4.What does paragraph 5 mainly tell us about the Lampbrella?( )

A.Its moving speed.

B.Its appearance.

C.Its installation.

D.Its safety.

5.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?( )

A.The designer will open a pany to promote his product.

B.The Lampbrella could be put into immediate production.

C.The designer is confident that his creation is practical.

D.The Lampbrella would be put on show in Moscow.

语篇解读:一次雨天的所见所闻激发了Belyaev的灵感,他发明了一种用传感器控制的灯伞,使行人免遭雨淋。

答案及剖析:1.C 细节理解题。根据第一段的最后两句可知,他发明这种灯伞的目的是让行人免遭雨淋。

2.A 推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可知,Belyaev讲述了他发明灯伞的过程,是在圣彼得堡的一次下雨时的见闻激发了他的灵感,故A项正确。

3.B 细节理解题。根据文章的第三段内容可知,传感器可以感知雨水的降落,然后灯伞里的电动马达就会根据需要把伞打开或者关闭,由此可知,其顺序为:传感器——马达——伞篷。

4.D 推理判断题。第五段中提到几个关键词语:低速行驶;不会对行人造成伤害,使行人免遭雷击;离地面两米。这些都是安全方面的问题,故D项正确。

5.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Belyaev says...insists his creation could be installed on any street where a lot of people walk...”可知,他认为自己的发明可以被安装在任何有许多行人的街道上,这表明他对他的发明的实用性充满信心。

【疑难词汇解读】

1.shelter n.庇护,遮蔽;庇护所;避难处

An old hut gave shelter from the storm.

一间旧茅舍成了躲避风雨的地方。

2.install vt.安装,设置(装备)

They’ve installed the new puter network at last.

他们终于安装了新计算机网络。

【长难句子分析】

and

虽然没有把灯伞投入生产的计划,但Belyaev说他最近把他的发明介绍给了一个莫斯科的部门,并坚持说他的发明可以被安装在任何有许多行人但是没有伞篷可以避雨的街上。

阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。

(xx·江西八校联考)

The forces that make Japan one of the world’s most earthquake-prone (有地震倾向的) countries could bee part of its long-term energy solution.

Water from deep below the ground at Japan’s tens of thousands of hot springs could be used to produce electricity.

Although Japane se high-tech panies are leaders in geothermal (地热的) technology and export it，its use is limited in the nation.

“Japan should no doubt make use of its resources of geothermal energy，” said Yoshiyasu Takefuji，a leading researcher of thermal-electric power p roduction. The disastrous earthquake and tsunami on March 11,xx caused a reaction against atomic power，which previously made up 30 percent of Japan’s energy needs，and increased

interest in alternative energies，which accounted for only 8 percent.

Artist Yoko Ono has called on Japan to explore its natural energy，following the example of Iceland which uses renewable energy for more than 80 percent of its needs.

For now，geothermal energy makes up less than 1 percent of the energy needs in Japan，which has for decades relied heavily on fossil fuels and atomic power.

The biggest problem to geothermal energy is the high initial cost of the exploration and constructing the factories.Another problem is that Japan’s potentially best sites are already being developed for tourism or are located within national parks where construction is forbidden.

“We can’t even dig 10 cm inside national parks.” said Shigeto Yamada of Fuji Electric，adding that regulations protecting nature would need to be relaxed for geothermal energy to grow.

Researcher Hideaki Matsui said，“Producing electricity using hot springs is a decades-long project.We also have to think about what to do for now as energy supplies will decline in the short term.”

The Earth Policy Institute in Washington，US，believed Japan could produce 80 000 megawatts (兆瓦) and meet more than half its electricity needs with geothermal technology.

Japanese giants such as Toshiba are already global leaders in geothermal technology，with a 70 percent market share.In xx，Fuji Electric bui lt the world’s largest geothermal factory in New Zealand.

1．What would be the best title for the text?

A．Alternative energies in Japan

B．World’s largest geothermal plant

C．Japan takes the lead in geothermal technology

D．Japan thinks of geothermal energy

2．What percentage of Japan’s energy needs is geothermal energy?

A．About 8%. B．Below 1%.

C．Around 30%. D．Over 80%.

3．According to Shigeto Yamada，the growth of geothermal power in Japan needs________. A．a change of rules B．financial support

C．local peopl e’s help D．high technology

4．Geothermal energy is considered as a long-term program by________. A．Yoshiyasu Takefuji B．Hideaki Matsui

C．Shigeto Yamada D．Yoko Ono

5．It can be learned from the last two paragraphs that________.

A．the world’s biggest geothermal plant was built by America

B．Japan will not export its geothermal technology

C．the potential of Japan’s geothermal energy is great

D．it is hard to find geothermal energy in Japan

语篇解读本文为一篇科普说明文。让日本经常地震的一些自然力有可能会被转化成日本长期可持续利用的清洁能源，即：地热。本文对其进行了详细介绍。

1．解析：标题概括题。根据文章第三段的导入和倒数第三段最后一句“We also have to think about what to do for now as energy supplies will decline in the short term”，以及对全文的整体理解可知，本文主要讲的“日本正在考虑如何使用地热”的问题，所以D

项最适合做文章的标题。

答案： D

2．解析：细节理解题。根据文章第七段“For now，geothermal energy makes up less than 1 percent of the energy needs in Japan...”可知，答案B符合文意。

答案： B

3．解析：推理判断题。根据文章倒数第四段中的“adding that regulations protecting nature would need to be relaxed for geothermal energy to grow”可推知，答案A符合文意。

答案： A

4．解析：细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段“Researcher Hideaki Matsui said，Producing electricity using hot springs is a decades-long project...”可知，答案B符合文意。答案： B

5．解析：推理判断题。根据对文章最后两段的整体理解可知，日本的地热能源潜力巨大。答案： C

阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。

(xx·泰安复习质量检测)

University of Maryland student Ben Simon and his friends could n’t stand to see good food thrown out on their campus.“We basically noticed that some of the extra food from the dining hall was going to waste at the end of the day.And we met with the

dining services and asked them whether it would be okay if instead of throwing out the food we would donate it.And they were on board，” he said.

So 18 months ago，the students began what they call the Food Recovery Network.Each night，volunteers would show up at a campus dining hall to pick up leftovers and deliver them to area shelters and food banks.So far，they have donated more than 23 000 kilos of food that would otherwise have been thrown out.

Nationwide，$165 billion worth of food is wasted each year，according to the National Resources Defense Council.Spokesman Bob Keefe s ays that is about 40% of the country’s entire food production.“If we can reduce our waste in this country by 15%，we can feed 25 million hungry Americans.That is a huge benefit.That is what programs like this Food Recovery Network are doing，” he said.

Christian Life Center is one of the beneficiaries (受益者) of the students’ efforts.Ben Slye，the senior pastor (牧师)，said，“It has been just amazing to see these students take their own time，their own vehicles and own gas money and be able to make an effort like this.Each week we are able with this food probably to feed over hundred people.”

The University of Maryland’s Food Recovery Network now has 200 volunteers and the program has expanded to 18 schools across the country.“I want to grow 18 chapters to a thousand chapters within five years.And once we get to the Food Recovery Nation being at every college campus in America，we want to expand to restaurants and farms.” said Simon.

The volunteers are mitted to making that happen.

1．The dining services in University of Maryland________.

A．threw out good food on the campus

B．supported the volunteers’ job

C．enjoyed the talk with the students

D．donated their leftovers to the poor

2．Volunteers from the Food Recovery Network________.

A．started the Food Recovery Network two years ago

B．delivered leftovers as well as money to shelters

C．helped to solve the hunger issues in America

D．donated leftovers to avoid food waste

3．Ben Slye’s attitude toward the volunteers’ effort was that of________. A．unconcern B．doubt

C．appreciation D．opposition

4．We can learn from the text that________.

A．over 40% of the country’s entire food is wasted each year

B．altogether 25 million Americans suffer from hunger nowadays

C．Simon aims to expand the program to restaurants and farms

D．every college has started the Food Recovery Network

5．What can be the best title for the text?

A．College Students Rescue Leftover Food

B．Battles Against the Problem of Hunger

C．How to Pick up Leftovers on College Campuses

D．Waste Problems in University of Maryland

语篇解读本文是一篇新闻报道。每天都有人在浪费粮食，如果把这些粮食收集起来，供给那些需要的人，那将会帮助很多饥饿的人们。美国一所大学的学生们正在做这样的事情。他们建立了“食物回收网络”，收集学校餐厅里的残羹剩饭，将其送到有需要的地方。

1．解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句中的“And they were on board”可知，学校的餐饮服务部参与其中。此处on board为短语“take sth.on board”的简写，意为“采纳，接纳(主意、建议)”。

答案： B

2．解析：推理判断题。根据对文章第二段的整体理解可知，志愿者们到学校餐厅去收集剩菜，然后把它们运到收容所等，以避免浪费。

答案： D

3．解析：观点态度题。根据文章第四段第二句“Ben Slye，the senior pastor (牧师)，said，‘It has been just amazing to see these students take their own time，their own vehicles and own gas money and be able to make an effort lik e this.’”可知，Ben Slye对志愿者们的努力是持“支持，赞许，欣赏”的态度。

答案： C

4．解析：细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段最后一句中的“And once we get to the Food Recovery Nation being at every college campus in America，we want to expand to restaurants and farms”可知，答案C符合文意。

答案： C

5．解析：标题概括题。根据文章第一段的开篇点题和对文章的整体理解可知，本文主要介绍了美国大学生建立组织，收集学校餐厅里的剩饭，身体力行把它们运到收容所的事。由此可知，答案A最适合做文章的标题。

答案： A.

2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习科普知识阅读理解（2）(II)

科普知识（阅读理解）由 (xx安徽,C)改编

Sometimes,the simplest ideas are the best.For example,to absorb heat from the sun to heat water,you need large,flat,black surfaces.One way to do that is to build those surfaces specially,on the roofs of buildings.But why go to all that trouble when cities are full of black surfaces already,in the form of asphalt(柏油) roads?

Ten years ago,this thought came into the mind of Arian de Bondt,a Dutch engineer.He finally persuaded his boss to follow it up.The result is that their building is now heated in winter and cooled in summer by a system that relies on the surface of the road outside.

The heat-collector is a system of connected water pipes.Most of them run from one side of the street to the other,just under the asphalt road.Some,however,dive deep into the ground.

When the street surface gets hot in summer,water pumped through the pipes picks up this heat and takes it underground through one of the diving pipes.At a depth of 100 metres lies a natural aquifer(蓄水层) into which several heat exchangers(交换器) have been built.The hot water from the street runs through these exchangers,warming the groundwater,before returning to the surface through another pipe.The aquifer is thus used as a heat store.

In winter,the working system is changed slightly.Water is pumped through the heat exchangers to pick up the heat stored during summer.This water goes into the building and is used to warm the place up.After performing that task,it is pumped under the asphalt and its remaining heat keeps the road free of snow and ice.

1.Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs?( )

A.Arian de Bondt got his idea from his boss.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/0017588968.html,rge,flat,black surfaces need to be built in cities.

C.The Dutch engineer’s system has been widely used.

D.Heat can also be collected from asphalt roads.

2.For what purpose are the diving pipes used?( )

A.To absorb heat from the sun.

B.To store heat for future use.

C.To turn solar energy into heat energy.

D.To carry heat down below the surface.

3.From the last paragraph we can learn that .

A.some pipes have to be re-arranged in winter

B.the system can do more than warming up the building

C.the exchangers will pick up heat from the street surface

D.less heat may be collected in winter than in summer

4.What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows?( )

A.What we shall do if the system goes wrong.

B.What we shall do if there are no asphalt roads.

C.How the system cools the building in summer.

D.How the system collects heat in spring and autumn.

语篇解读:城市的黑色柏油路有了用武之地,可以用来收集热量,起到冬暖夏凉的功效。

答案及剖析:1.D 事实细节题。根据第二段的最后一句可知。

2.D 事实细节题。根据第四段第一句中的...takes it underground through one of the diving pipes.可知。

3.B 事实细节题。根据第五段最后一句的After performing that task,it is pumped...可知答案。

4.C 推理判断题。文章主要从两方面阐述通过柏油路储热的好处,首先是冬天供暖,下面应该讲述夏天降温。

【长难句子分析】

。

结果是通过依靠外面的路面这样一种系统,他们的建筑物冬天得到供暖,夏天得到降温。

阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。

【xx·潍坊5月模拟】

“Oh，you must have been a spoiled (宠坏的) kid.You must be really bossy.I wonder what you’re going to be like to deal with？” That’s often the response Angela Hult gets when people find out she’s an only child，she told ABC News.Despite such negative (消极的) remarks，Hult has decid ed to have only one child herself.And she’s not alone. According to the US’ Office for National Statistics，women approaching the end of their childbearing years had an average of 1.9 children in 2004，pared with 3.1 for their counterparts in 1976.The percen tage of one-child families in Britain had risen from 18 percent in 1972 to 26 percent in xx.

But even though only children are being increasingly mon，the traditional view that they’re selfish，spoiled and lack social skills holds strong.Even parents of only children，like Hult，are made to feel guilty about having only one child.Worried that they’re being selfish and endangering their child’s future，they flock to online discussion forums seeking advice.Soon，however，they ask themselves：is this social prejudice really reasonable?

“There have been hundreds and hundreds of research studies that show that only children are no different from their peers (同龄人)，” Susan Newman，a social psychologist at Rutgers University in the US，told ABC News.

This raises another question：why are only children still viewed with such suspicion? “There is a belief that’s been around probably since humans first existed that to have just one child is somehow dangerous，both for you and for the continuation of your race，” Toni Falbo，a professor of educational psychology，told the Guardian.“In the past a lot of children died.You’d have had to be crazy to only have one.”Times，of course，have changed and infant mortality (婴儿死亡率) has largely reduced.So what do only children themselves say?

Kayley Kravitz，a blogger for The Huffington Post，grew up as an only child and highly remends the experience.“Being an only child taught me the most valuable skill of all：the ability to be alone，” she said.

1．Which of the following could be the best title for the text?

A．Are only children lonely?

B．Are only children mon?

C．Are only children dangerous?

D．Are only children different?

2．What does Susan Newman mean?

A． Only children are as good as their peers.

B．Only children are more selfish and spoiled.

C．Parents feel guilty about having only one child.

D．Parents will endanger their only child’s future.

3．What is the mon belief since human existed?

A．The infant death rate always stays high.

B．People are crazy to have only one child.

C．It’s easy for only children to ear n their living.

D．It’s hard to continue the family line with only one child.

4．An only child like Kayley________.

A．must be difficult to persuade

B．can possibly learn to be alone

C．should value special skills

D．need ignore bad experience

5．What’s the author’s attitude towards having only one child?

A．Neutral. B．Negative.

C．Positive. D．Doubtful.

语篇解读本文是一篇议论文。尽管在英国越来越多的孩子都是独生子女，但很多人对独生子女的看法却依然如故，认为他们自私、娇气、缺少社交技能。对此，独生子女们有他们的看法。

1．解析：标题概括题。本文主要讨论了独生子女是否就是英国传统观念中的自私、娇气，缺少社交技能的人，所以D项最适合做文章的标题，故选D。

答案： D

2．解析：细节理解题。根据第四段Susan Newman所说的话可知，成百上千的研究表明独生子女和别的孩子没有什么区别，故选A。

答案： A

3．解析：细节理解题。根据文章第六段中的“There is a belief that’s been around probably...both for you and for the continuation of your race”可知，自从人类存在

以来，人们就认为只生一个孩子不论对你自己还是对种族的延续来说都是很危险的，故选D。答案： D

4．解析：细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中“Being an only child...the ability to be alone”可知，选B。

答案： B

5．解析：观点态度题。文中提到不同人对于独生子女的不同观点，但并没有直接提到作者自己的看法，由此可知，应选A，中立的。

答案：A。

阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。

【xx·烟台3月诊断性考试】

Fahad Azad，an engineer in India，invented a robot nam ed DuctBot.The toy-car sized DuctBot measured 23 centimeters in length,19 centimeters in width and 9 centimeters in height and weighs just two kilograms.

The robot is designed to snake through dark，narrow air conditioning ducts (管道) and clean them.A pair of LEDs fitted on the robot light up the dirty scenery，so it can be captured (抓拍) by a camera.

In order to control it more easily，Mr Azad chooses to fix DuctBot on wheels.The robot can clean off lots of dirt，as well as dead pigeons and insects.Keeping indoor air in good quality and monitoring carbon-dioxide levels in buildings with central air conditioning is a challenge.It is important in some places where clean air can mean a difference between life and death，such as hospitals.Dirty air has a bad influence on people’s health.

EPSCO，a Dubai-based pany which specializes in improving indoor air quality，read about Mr Azad’s invention in a national newspaper after he had won an international robotics petition.EPSCO had cleaning equipment，but it needed someone to get into those ducts to do the dirty，dangerous work.Across India，for example，the task still falls to children.They are small enough to go through those ducts.

In xx，Mr Azad who was still at university decided to do something about it.Six years later his own pany，Robosoft Systems，has Bluestar，EPSCO and the Indian Navy，some leading air condition makers，as partners.

Mr Azad and his ten employees are currently exploring robot designs to examine oil

tanks or sewage (污水) pipes.Their biggest challenge is to make the robots

user-friendly enough.Mr Azad hopes that the robot could eventually be operated not by engineers but by workers.There will be lots of difficulties they need to overe in the future.

1．What can we learn about Ductbot?

A．It is a toy car and popular with children.

B．It is designed to move like a snake in the ducts.

C．many LEDs are fitted on it to tell its location.

D．It is actually a camera to capture dirty scenery.

2．The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refers to “________”．

A．the camera B．the conditioning duct

C．the LED light D．the dirty scenery

3．What can the Ductbot do for us?

A．Clean off the dirt in the ducts.

B．Control the central conditioning.

C．Reduce carbon-dioxide in buildings.

D．Protect more animals in city.

4. According to the text，EPSCO________.

A．has won an international robotics petition

B．hired children to clean the dirty ducts in the past

C．is the only partner of Robosoft Systems

D．specializes in improving people’s health

5．What is the main idea of the last paragraph?

A．Only engineers can operate the Ductbot now.

B．New ways have been found to examine oil tanks.

C．Azad’s difficulties are impossible to overe.

D．Azad’s team are working to improve their robot designs.

语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了印度的一名工程师发明了一种可以进入空调管道来清理空调灰尘的机器人。

1．解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句“The robot is designed to snake through dark，narrow air conditioning ducts (管道) and clean them.”可知，它像蛇一样在管道中行走。

答案： B

2．解析：指代判断题。根据文章第二段第二句“A pair of LEDs fitted on the robot light up the dirty scenery”并结合下文可推知，此处的it代指的是the dirty scenery，故答案D符合文意。

答案： D

3．解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句“The robot is designed to snake through dark，narrow air conditioning ducts (管道) and clean them.”和第三段的第二句“The robot can clean off lots of dirt...”可知，这种机器人可以清理管道里的垃圾。

答案： A

4．解析：细节理解题。根据文章第四段的第二句和第三句“EPSCO had cleaning equi pment，but it needed someone to get into those ducts to the dirty，dangerous work.Across India，for example，the task still falls to children”可知，EPSCO公司在过去经常雇佣小孩来清理管道垃圾。

答案： B

5．解析：段落大意题。根据文章最后一段的前两句“Mr Azad and his ten employees are currently exploring robot designs to examine oil tanks or sewage (污水) pipes.Their biggest challenge is to make the robots user-friendly enough.”和整体理解可知，本段主要讲的是Azad团队正在致力于改善自己的机器人设计，故答案D符合文意。

答案：D。

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