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中国应用BIPV发电的潜力_英文_

POWER GENERATION POTENTIAL OF BIPV APPLICATION IN CHINA

YOU Shi -jun 1,H U A Ju n 1,TU Guang -bei 1,LU b C an -ren 2,YANG Hong -xing

(1.Scho ol of Co nstr uctio nal Engineer ing ,T ianjin U niv ersit y,T ianjin 300072,China;

2.Scho ol of Electrical Eng ineering and Energ y ,T ianjin U niv ersit y ,T ianjin 300072,China ;

3.T he Hong Ko ng P olytechnic U niver sity ,Ho ng K ong ,China)

Abstract :T his paper discusses t he potentia l and pr ospect of building -integ rated phot ovo ltaics (BI PV )

fo r so lar electr ical pow er g ener ation in China .T he BIPV t echnolo gy has been identif ied as the most eco-no mical r enewable energ y r esource to contr ibut e t o w or ld electr ical ener gy demand fo r pr otecting env i-r onment fr om r educed fossil fuel co nsumptio n .T he av ailable so lar energ y r esour ce o f 14cities and t he po tential po wer gener atio n fr om P V cladding s in building s in China w er e estimated.T he econo mical a nalysis o f BIP V applicat ion is discussed .It is found that the po tential is significant and the go ver nment sho uld play an impo rt ant ro le in its dev elo pment.

Keywords :building -int egr ated pho tov oltaics;so lar elect rical pow er g eneration;so lar energ y r esour ce

Photovoltaic pow er generation in China has been r eg arded as fashionable and non-economical.In fact,the pressures from environmental pro tection and new dev elo pm ent in adv anced pho to voltaics have made this r enewable ener gy resour ce acceptable g radually in de-veloped and developing countries.If proper actions are taken in China,a strong high-tech renew able energy industry can be established and less greenhouse gases w ill be generated.

There is g ener al agreement,at least amongst re-searchers,that an increase in the use of renew able en-ergy constitutes an appropr iate strateg y to reduce both

pollution and g reenhouse em issions [1]

.Mo st re-searchers also ag ree that this is a so und str ategy to satisfy the sustainable energ y supply to the peo ple on earth.Increasing co ncerns o ver environmental prob-lems caused by nuclear energ y and fossil fuel co mbus-tion have forced some countries to abandon nuclear electric generation and to reduce fossil fuel consump-tion.It will be the renew able energ y resource to so lve both env ir onm ental protectio n and energy supply problems in China for its future sustainable economic dev elo pm ent .

This paper ex amines the broad potential fo r BIPV application in China.It identifies and r eports o n the available solar energ y irradiation and potential pow er g eneratio n if most of the buildings are integrated w ith

pho to voltaics.T he paper also discusses the role of the g overnment to play in intr oducing BIPV in China.

1　World Development of BIPV R &D

Solar ener gy r esearch and applicatio ns are no w being developed more rapidly than ever in developing and developed countries due to ener gy conservation and environmental protection pressures .The M illion Solar Roofs Initiative has been started in U S .The goal of this pro gram is to install o ne million solar ener gy systems (photovoltaics and solar collectors)on build-ing s acro ss the U nited States by the y ear 2010[2]

.Oth-er countries,like Japan,Ger many and Gr eat Britain are

investing sig nificant sum s in solar energy industry [3,4]

.Solar electrical application ,i .e .pho to voltaic applica-tion for electricity g eneration ,and so lar thermal appli-cations including solar co llectors and so lar passive building s ,hav e been identified as potentially the most promising route for w ide-scale applications of solar en-ergy reso urce.

Since 1970?s the commercial m arket fo r terr estr ial PV applications has g row n very quickly.The produc-tion of PV m odules w orldw ide ro se to a new record

Transaction s of Tianjin U niversity

Vol .7No .1 Mar .2001

Received date:2000-04-14;revised date:2000-11-27.

You Shijun ,born in 1955,m ale,M ,ass ociate Prof.

151.7M W in1998.The PV m odule pro duction has m ore than do ubled from60.09M W to151.7M W in the last five years from1993to1998.Pho to voltaics to-day has been co mpar ed w ith television in the1940?s, the integ rated circuit in the1960?s and the personal computers in the1970?s as one of the true g row th technolog ies for this decade and nex t centur y.It is es-timated that the to tal installed PV g enerating capacity could rise to an astounding115000M W p by the year 2010.Tab.1show s the w orld PV module shipments in r ecent y ears[5].Photovo ltaics is a big industry now a-day s.In1997,about65MW were installed in the In-ternational Energ y Agency(IEA)countries w hich in-clude m ost of the developed countries.Since less than 10MW of PV mo dules w ere pr oduced in non-IEA countries in1997,then the IEA countr ies ex po rted r oug hly51M W of PV mo dules pr im arily to developing countries.Ex ports thus accounted for44%of the man-ufacturing activ ities in the dev elo ped countries,w hich strongly benefited the manufacturing industry.

Tab.1　World PV module shipment in MW p Origin1992199319941995199619971998

USA18.122.4425.6434.7538.8551.053.7

Japan18.816.7016.5016.4021.2035.049.2

Eur ope16.416.5521.7020.1018.8029.330.1 Rest of w orld 4.6 4.40 5.60 6.359.759.418.7 T otal57.960.0969.4477.6088.60125.8151.7

Ris e/%— 3.8015.6011.8014.2042.020.6

2　Solar Energy Resources in China

Estim ation o f solar radiation intensity thro ug ho ut the country is necessary for the potential fo recasting of BIPV application in China.T he solar radiation depends o n the latitude,the sun?s position and local w eather conditions in differ ent places.T he Klein and Theilack-er m ethod is used to estim ate so lar radiatio n intensities o n different o rientation sur faces[6]in14m ajor cities. T he m onthly av erag e daily total solar radiation and the m ean diffuse solar radiation on a horizo ntal surface can be o btained from the Passiv e Solar Ho use Design Handbook[7].T he m onthly average so lar radiation on a tilted sur face can be calculated from the follow ing e-quations

H-T=H-R-

w here H-T is the m onthly averag e daily solar radiation o n a tilted sur face,M J/m2;H-is the m onthly average daily solar radiatio n on a horizontal sur face,MJ/m2;R-is the ratio of monthly average daily radiation on a tilt-ed surface and on a horizontal surface,which is ob-tained by

R-=D-+

H-d

H-

1+cos B

+Q s

1-cos B

D-=

max{G(X ss,sr)}

max{0,G(X ss,-X S)+G(X S,X sr)}

G(X1,X2)=

[

-a?B(X1-X2)

180

(a?-bB)(X1-sin X2)-

a?C(co s X1-cos X2)+

2(sin X1cos X1-sin X2cos X2)+

(sin2X1-sin2X2)]

a?=a-

H-d

H-

?X sr?=m in X S,arccos A B+C A

2-B2+C2

A2+C2

X sr=

-?X sr?　if A>0and B>0or A≥B

　?X sr?　otherw ise

?X ss?=m in X S,arcco s A B-C A

2-B2+C2

A2+C2

X ss=

-?X ss?　if A>0and B>0or A≥B

　?X ss?　other wise

A=B+tan U cos C sin B

B=co s X S co s B+tan D sin B cos C

C=sin B sin C

co s U

w her e H-d is m onthly averag e daily diffuse radiatio n;U is latitude,-90°≤U≤90°;D is declination,-23.45°≤D≤23.45°;B is slo pe,0°≤B≤180°;C is sur face azimuth angle,-180°≤C≤180°;X is hour ang le;X S is sunset hour angle;X sr,X ss ar e sunrise and sunset hour angles w hen incident angle H=90°.D can be ex pr essed as

D=23.45sin360

284+n

365

n is the n th day of a year.

In order to com pute m onthly daily solar r adia-tion,a com puter prog ram has been dev elo ped.The re-sults are given in Tab.2(the slope ang le of tilted sur-face is equal to lo cal latitude).

T he results show that solar resour ce in Lasa is the best amo ng14cities in China.For a compariso n, the so lar radiation level at Saudi Arabia and Oman are slightly better than that o f Lasa.T he solar irradiation at Guangzhou,the low est in14cities,are hig her than that at Stuttgart of Ger many and that o f m ost places in Japan w here a lot of solar energ y application pro-

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　TRANSACTION S OF TIAN JIN U N IVERSITY Vol.7No.12001

jects have been realized.From above,solar reso ur ces in China can be reg arded as rich for applications.

Tab.2　Mean annual total solar radiation on dif ferent orientation of14cities kW?h/(m2?a) City Horiz on S outh North West Eas t Slope Guangzh ou1234.0737.2246.3702.1702.11331.4 Hong Kong1290.8717.8299.9727.3727.31363.7 Haikou1426.3698.4279.6793.2793.21471.2 Shangh ai1316.0901.2276.2782.4782.41481.3 Kunming1338.3878.8293.3774.8774.81482.6 Xi?an1321.0951.6279.4801.4801.41512.1 Nanjing1351.4950.4285.2808.6808.61533.9

H arbin1303.51299.5281.9891.0891.01724.6

Lanzhou1510.21137.0316.2930.6930.61757.9 T ian jin1463.91240.0314.5930.5930.51785.5 Beijing1564.61349.1328.31001.51001.51926.9 Tulufan1618.61464.9355.81063.31063.32034.2 Hami1763.51620.9387.11160.31160.32233.1

Lasa2195.01520.5435.81299.51299.52486.1

In addition,T ab.2also indicates that w hen the slope ang le is equal to the local latitude the tilted sur-face receives the m ost solar irradiation.For ex am ple in Lasa,solar radiation o n such a tilted surface is13% higher than that on a horizo ntal surface.

3　Electricity Generation Potential and Economical Analysis

3.1　Potential capacity of electricity generation

T he efficiency o f PV modules is an im portant fig-ure for the estimation of BIPV output.The annual po-tential electricity generating capacity from BIPV sys-tems(P out)can be estimated by

P out=6(P solar,i×A i×G PV×f)

w here P solar,i is the av ailable incident solar radiation on differ ent or ientation sur faces;A i is the area of orienta-tion surface i;G PV is the energ y efficiency o f PV mod-ules;f is the utilizatio n facto r.

The estim ation of available building facade areas in Ho ng Kong w as made[8,9].The po wer g eneratio n ca-pacity is then estimated as show n in T ab.3.With the im prov em ent of PV m odule?s ener gy efficiency,the to-tal electric pow er gener ating capacity is increased.

3.2　Economical analysis

The total co st of a BIPV system gener ally in-cludes PV module cost,supporting framing cost,in-verter co st,sw itch co st and installation labor cost[10]. T he value of the traditional building mater ials replaced by PV cladding s has been neglected.The estim ated to-tal costs fo r BIPV systems are sho wn in T ab.4.The estimated BIPV electric energ y prices ar e listed in T ab.5,w hich are calculated fro m its generation capaci-ty and electric costs for a period of20years.

Tab.3　Electric power generation kW?h/(m2?a) Energy efficiency13%15%20%

Guan gzhou173.1199.7266.3

Hong Kong177.3204.6272.7

H aikou191.3220.7294.2

S hanghai192.6222.2296.3

Kunm ing192.7222.4296.5

Xi?an196.6226.8302.4

Nanjin g199.4230.1306.8

Harbin224.2258.7344.9

Lanzh ou228.5263.7351.6

Tianjin232.1267.8357.1

Beijing250.5289.0385.4

T ulufan264.4305.1406.8

Hami290.3335.0446.6

Las a323.2372.9497.2 Tab.4　Estimation of BIPV solar power generation costs Cost RM B/m2RM B/W p

PV m od ule543336.2 Su pporting framing428 2.85

Inverter and sw itch13148.76

Lab or1070.71

Total728248.52

4　Conclusions

T he building-integrated pho to voltaics technolo gy for solar energ y applicatio ns is very attractive as a re-new able and clean energ y sour ce in the21st century. T his study show s that some areas in China,such as

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TR AN SACTIONS OF TIAN JIN UN IVERSITY Vol.7No.12001　

Tab.5　Estimation of BIPV electric energy price

RM B/(kW?h) Efficiency13%15%20%

Guangzh ou 2.1 1.8 1.4

Hong Kong 2.1 1.8 1.3

Haikou 1.9 1.7 1.2

Sh angh ai 1.9 1.6 1.2

Kunming 1.9 1.6 1.2

Xi?an 1.9 1.6 1.2

Nanjing 1.8 1.6 1.2

Harbin 1.6 1.4 1.1

Lanzhou 1.6 1.4 1.0

T ian jin 1.6 1.4 1.0

Beijing 1.5 1.30.9

Tu lufan 1.4 1.20.9

Hami 1.3 1.10.8

Lasa 1.1 1.00.7 Lasa,there being no miner al energy resources found,is r ich in solar resources.BIPV is a goo d choice fo r such areas w here renew able energy is the only energ y re-source.For the sustainable dev elo pm ent of the econo-m y,environmental pro tection and lo ng-term benefit should be tar geted.The econom ical and social advan-tages of BIPV applications are obvious if the environ-m ental factor is considered.References

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cess of tech nological transfers[A].In:Proc of North Sun?99

[C].Edmonton,1999:7-12.

[2]　Robert Fer rington.Building Integrated Ph otovoltaics[R].Na-

tion al Renew able Energy L aboratory Reports,USA,1993. [3]　CADDET J apanese National T eam.Residential Photovoltaic

Pow er System M on itorin g[R].N o.2,CADDET Ren ew able

Energy New sletter,1996.

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[C].W as hington DC,1996.

[5]　Th om as R,Dignard L.Tr acking progress and trends in ph o-

tovoltaic sys tems implementation through the IEA PVPS

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North S un?99[C].Edm on ton,1999:351-356.

[6]　Du ffie J A,Beckm an W A.S olar Engineer ing of Th erm al Pro-

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Hous e Design Handbook[M].1983.

[8]　You Shijun,Yang Hongxing.Th e poten tial electricity gener-

ating capacity of BIPV in Hong Kong[A].In:T he26th IEEE

Photovoltaics Specialists Conference[C].1997.

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中国应用BIPV发电的潜力

由世俊1,华　君1,涂光备1,吕灿仁2,杨洪兴3

(1.天津大学建筑工程学院,天津300072; 2.天津大学电气自动化与能源工程学院,天津300072; 3.香港理工大学)

摘　要:论述了建筑物用光伏集成系统(BIP V)在中国用于太阳能发电的潜力和前景.为了保护环境,减少矿物能源的消耗,并满足人们对电力的需求,BIP V被认为是最经济的利用可再生能源的技术.计算了中国14个城市的太阳能资源,估算了建筑物用光伏集成系统的发电潜力,分析了BIP V技术应用的经济性.研究表明中国的BI PV市场潜力是巨大的,政府对这项技术的发展应发挥重要作用.

关键词:建筑物用光伏集成系统;太阳能发电;太阳能资源

中图分类号:T K519 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1006-4982(2001)01-0017-04

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　TRANSACTION S OF TIAN JIN U N IVERSITY Vol.7No.12001

常见中国传统文化名词英语翻译

常见中国传统文化名词英语翻译风水：Fengshui; geomantic omen 阳历：solar calendar 阴历：lunar calendar 闰年：leap year 十二生肖：zodiac 春节：the Spring Festival 元宵节：the Lantern Festival 清明节：the Tomb-sweeping Day 端午节：the Dragon-boat Festival 中秋节：the Mid-autumn Day 重阳节：the Double-ninth Day 七夕节：the Double-seventh Day 春联：spring couplets 春运：the Spring Festival travel 把中国的汉字“福”字倒贴在门上(听起来像是福到)预示新年有好运：turn the Chinese character for luck (fu) upside down to make “dao”(which sounds like arrival) and put it on your door to bring in good fortune for the new year 庙会：temple fair 爆竹：firecracker 年画：(traditional) New Year pictures 压岁钱：New Year gift-money 舞龙：dragon dance 舞狮：lion dance 元宵：sweet sticky rice dumplings 花灯：festival lantern 灯谜：lantern riddle 食物对于中国佳节来说至关重要，但甜食对于农历新年特别重要，因为他们能让新的一年更加甜蜜。Food is central to all Chines festivals, but sugary snacks are especially important for Lunar New Year, since they sweetne up prospects for the coming year. 传统的佳节食物包括年糕、八宝饭、饺子、果脯和瓜子。Traditional holiday treats include nian gao (rice pudding), ba bao fan (eight treasure rice), jiao zi (crispy dumplings), candied fruits and seeds. 四合院：Siheyuan/ Quadrangle 亭/阁：pavilion/attic 刺绣：Embroidery 剪纸：Paper Cutting 书法：Calligraphy 针灸：Acupuncture 象形文字：Pictograms/Pictographic Characters 偏旁：radical 战国：Warring States 人才流动：Brain Drain/Flow 铁饭碗：Iron Bowl 黄土高原：Loess Plateau 红白喜事：Weddings and Funerals ——仅供参考

中国一些传统文化的英文介绍

一、过年由来- - 中国古时侯有一种叫”年”的怪兽，头长尖角，凶猛异常，”年”兽长年深居海底，每到除夕，爬上岸来吞食牲畜伤害人命，因此每到除夕，村村寨寨的人们扶老携幼，逃往深山，以躲避”年”的伤害．今年的除夕，乡亲们都忙着收拾东西逃往深山，这时候村东头来了一个白发老人对一户老婆婆说只要让他在她家住一晚，他定能将”年”兽驱走．众人不信，老婆婆劝其还是上山躲避的好，老人坚持留下，众人见劝他不住，便纷纷上山躲避去了．当”年”兽象往年一样准备闯进村肆虐的时候，突然传来白发老人燃响的爆竹声，”年”兽混身颤栗，再也不敢向前凑了，原来”年”兽最怕红色，火光和炸响．这时大门大开，只见院内一位身披红袍的老人哈哈大笑，”年”兽大惊失色，仓惶而逃。第二天，当人们从深山回到村里时，发现村里安然无恙，这才恍然大悟，原来白发老人是帮助大家驱逐”年”兽的神仙，人们同时还发现了白发老人驱逐”年”兽的三件法宝．从此，每年的除夕，家家都贴红对联，燃放爆竹，户户灯火通明，守更待岁．这风俗越传越广，成了中国民间最隆重的传统节日”过年”．土家族民间体育活动之一--舞龙灯二、舞龙灯的意义舞龙灯，是中华民族的传统文化活动，各民族都有舞龙灯的习俗，传说，土家族在很早以前没有舞龙习惯。有一年，久旱不雨，禾苗枯黄，溪河断流，来了一位能算天气晴雨阴旱、人间祸福的鬼谷先生，对土家人说：“大家不要愁，今天午后未时排云，戌时下雨，城内下三分，城外下七分”。他这话，被治水的金勾老龙听到后心想，凡间有如此能人还要我管什么水？！顿生嫉妒，便赌气将玉皇大帝命他在城内城外的下雨量倒改过来分。结果，倾盆大雨，水淹城内，房屋倒塌，淹死了许多人这事被当坊土地向玉皇大帝启奏后，玉皇大帝把金勾老龙打入天牢，七天后斩首示众。观音菩萨知道此事向玉皇大帝求情保救老龙。没待观音开口，玉皇大帝就放阴剑把金勾老龙斩成九节。此后，鬼谷先生又来对土家人说：“老龙被斩，是和我赌气而丧命，但他对民间做了不少好事，他死了，你们要为他烧点香纸。”于是，土家人就制作九节金龙，到各村寨起舞，叫人们敬奉，求老龙保佑风调雨顺，五谷丰登。久之，舞龙亦成为土家族的传统习俗。但是，土家舞龙，在城镇是舞全国各地大同小异的布扎龙，在土家山寨舞龙与各地有别，其自成特色。三、清明节的由来我国传统的清明节大约始于周代，已有二千五百多年的历史。清明最开始是一个很重要的节气，清明一到，气温升高，正是春耕春种的大好时节，故有“清明前后，种瓜种豆”。“植树造林，莫过清明”的农谚。后来，由于清明与寒食的日子接近，而寒食是民间禁火扫墓的日子，渐渐的，寒食与清明就合二为一了，而寒食既成为清明的别称，也变成为清明时节的一个习俗，清明之日不动烟火，只吃凉的食品。关于寒食，有这样一个传说：相传春秋战国时代，晋献公的妃子骊姬为了让自己的儿子奚齐继位，就设毒

100个中国传统文化英文单词

100个中国传统文化英文单词 1.元宵节:Lantern Festival 2.刺绣:Embroidery 3.重阳节:Double-Ninth Festival 4.清明节:Tomb sweeping day 5.剪纸:Paper Cutting 6.书法: Calligraphy 7.对联:(Spring Festival) Couplets 8.象形文字:Pictograms/Pictographic Characters 9.雄黄酒:Realgar wine 10.四合院:Siheyuan/Quadrangle 11.战国:Warring States 12.风水 :Fengshui/Geomantic Omen 13.昆曲 :Kunqu Opera 14.长城 :The Great Wall 15.集体舞 :Group Dance 16.黄土高原 :Loess Plateau 17.红白喜事:Weddings and Funerals 18.中秋节:Mid-Autumn Day 19.花鼓戏:Flower Drum Song 20.儒家文化:Confucian Culture 21.中国结:Chinese knotting 22.古装片:Costume Drama 23.武打片:Chinese Swordplay Movie 24.元宵:Tangyuan/Sweet Rice Dumpling (Soup) 25.越剧:Yue Opera 26.火锅:Hot Pot 27.江南:South Regions of the Yangtze River 28.《诗经》:The Book of Songs 29.谜语:Riddle 30.《史记》:Historical Records/Records of the Grand Historian 31.《红楼梦》:A Dream of Red Mansions 32.《西游记》:The Journey to the West 33.除夕:Chinese New Year’s Eve/Eve of the Spring Festival 34.针灸 :Acupuncture 35.唐三彩 :Tri-color Pottery of the Tang Dynasty/ The Tang Tri-colored pottery 36.二人转 : Errenzhuan 37.偏旁 :Radical 38.孟子:Mencius 39.亭 / 阁:Pavilion/ Attic 40.黄梅戏 :Huangmei opera 41.火药 :Gunpowder 42.农历 :Lunar Calendar 43.印 / 玺 :Seal/Stamp 44.腊八节 :The laba Rice Porridge Festival 45.京剧 :Beijing Opera/Peking Opera 46.秦腔 :Crying of Qin People/Qin Opera 47.太极拳 :Tai Chi 48.《本草纲目》: Compendium of Materia Medica 49.天坛 :Altar of Heaven in Beijing 50.小吃摊 :Snack Bar/Snack Stand 51.红双喜 :Double Happiness 52.国子监:Imperial Academy

如何用英文介绍中国传统文化

如何用英文介绍中国传统文化春节文化 In the old days, New Year's money was given in the form of one hundred copper coins strung together on a red string and symbolized the hope that one would live to be a hundred years old. Today, money is placed inside red envelopes in denominations considered auspicious and given to represent luck and wealth。辞旧岁：bid farewell to the old year 扫房：spring cleaning; general house-cleaning 新春佳节 1.传统中国节日：traditional Chinese festival 2.农历：lunar calendar 3.腊八节：Laba Festival 4.小年：Little New Year 5.除夕：Lunar New Year's Eve 6.春节：the Spring Festival 7.正月初一：Lunar New Year's Day 8.元宵节：the Lantern Festival 9.正月：the first month of the lunar year 10.二月二：Dragon Heads-raising Day 传统习俗 11.喝腊八粥：eat Laba porridge 12.扫尘：sweep the dust 13.扫房：spring cleaning 14.祭灶：offer sacrifices to the God of Kitchen 15.守岁：stay up 16.拜年：pay a New Year's call 17.祭祖：offer sacrifices to one's ancestors 18.祭财神：worship the God of Wealth 19.春联：Spring Festival couplets 20.贴倒福：paste the Chinese character "Fu" upside down 21.去晦气：get rid of the ill-fortune 22.辞旧岁：bid farewell to the old year 23.兆头：omen 24.禁忌：taboo 25.烧香：burn incense 阖家团圆

中国传统文化英语翻译.

1.香囊(scented sachet)，古代也称“香袋”，通常是用布缝制或彩色丝线编织的袋子，里面塞满香草(aromatic herbs)。香囊最初用来吸汗、驱虫和避邪。香囊不仅有用，而且可作装饰品。它们的形状和大小各异，有圆形、椭圆形和其他形状。它们通常配有精致的图案，每个图案都象征着特别的含义。例如，双鱼或成对蝴蝶图案象征男女之爱;莲花或牡丹花(peony flower)等图案象征女性;松树和仙鹤图案象征长寿;石榴(guava)图案象征很多孩子。漂亮的香囊不仅是装饰品，而且含有丰富的文化和历史内涵。翻译：Scented sachets, also called “fragrant bags” in ancient times, are bags usually sewed with cloth or weaved with multicolor silk threads and stuffed with aromatic herbs. The fragrant bags were originally used for absorbing sweat, repelling insects and warding off evils. Scented sachets are not only useful, but also ornamental. They come in different shapes and sizes, such as round, oval and many others. And they are normally decorated with elaborate patterns, with each pattern symbolizing a special meaning.For instance,a double-fish or double-butterfly pattern smybolizes the love between a man and a woman;patterns like lotus or peony flowers symbolize women;pine and crane patterns symbolize longevity and a guava pattern is the symbol of lots of children.A nice scented sachet is not just an ornament,but more of something that contains cultural and historical richness. 2.中国民间艺术与中国哲学统一于“阴阳(yin-yang)生万物”这一理念。这一理念源于中国原始社会，是对人类的人生感悟的哲学注解。中国人祖先的哲学论断是“近看自己，远观他人”。要理解中华民族民间艺术的原始艺术，这一结论必不可少。人类的本能欲望是生存并通过繁衍(propagation)继续存在。人生来的首要本能是求生，然后是长寿。从原始社会到今天，阴阳和永生的观念始终贯穿中国的社会生活和民族文化。中国民间艺术反映了社会的所有基本哲学理念。翻译：Chinese folk art and Chinese philosophy are unified in the belief that yin-yang produces all living things in the world. Originated in Chinese primitive society, this was the philosophical explanation of human's perception of life. Chinese ancestors philosophical conclusion was to “look at oneself up close and other creatures from afar”，which is essential to the understanding of the primitive art to the folk art of the nation. To live and to continue life through propagation are the two instinctive desires of human. From birth, a person's first instinct is to survive, and then to live a long life. From primitive society to the present day, the view of yin-yang and perpetual life has permeated in all aspects of social life and the national culture of Chinese society.Chinese folk art reflects all of the basic philosophical concepts. 3.象棋(Chinese chess)两人玩的棋盘游戏，源于春秋战国时期的军事战略。早期的象棋由三部分组成:棋子、骰(dice)和棋盘。现代象棋没有骰子,它在棋子和棋盘方面与古代不同。棋盘有9行宽、10行长，共90个交叉点，构成方形网格(grid)。棋子在交叉点上落子或移动。对弈者在棋盘进行象征性的军很战争，部署马匹、战车，根据自己对棋局和游戏规则的理解组织军队。目前，中国象棋已传至全世界，进一步传承、发扬中国传统文化。

中国传统文化英语翻译

１、香囊(sｃentedｓachet）,古代也称“香袋”，通常就是用布缝制或彩色丝线编织得袋子，里面塞满香草（aｒomatic herｂs）。香囊最初用来吸汗、驱虫与避邪。香囊不仅有用,而且可作装饰品。它们得形状与大小各异,有圆形、椭圆形与其她形状。它们通常配有精致得图案，每个图案都象征着特别得含义。例如，双鱼或成对蝴蝶图案象征男女之爱;莲花或牡丹花(pｅｏny flower)等图案象征女性；松树与仙鹤图案象征长寿;石榴(guava)图案象征很多孩子。漂亮得香囊不仅就是装饰品，而且含有丰富得文化与历史内涵。翻译：Scenteｄsaｃhets, alｓo called “fragrant bagｓ"in ancient tiｍes，are b ａgs usｕally sｅwｅｄwitｈcloth ｏr weａvｅd with mulｔiｃoｌor sｉlk threａd ｓand ｓtuffeｄwith aromaｔicｈerbｓ、The fragrant ｂａｇs ｗere orｉｇinally used ｆor abｓorbing sweat,reｐeｌling insｅcts ａnｄwardingｏfｆeｖiｌs、Sceｎtｅd sacheｔs are ｎotｏnly uｓｅful, bｕt also ｏrｎaｍentａｌ、Thｅy e in diｆfｅrent ｓhapeｓand siｚes, such as rouｎｄ,ｏvaｌａnd ｍanｙothｅr ｓ、Ａnd thｅy arｅｎoｒｍally decｏrａted with elａborate pａtteｒns, with ｅａch patteｒn symbolizing a sｐecｉal meaｎiｎg、Fｏr ｉnｓｔaｎce，ａｄouble－fｉｓh oｒｄoｕbｌe-butterflyｐaｔtern sｍyboliｚes thｅlove ｂetweｅｎa man an ｄａｗoｍaｎ；paｔterｎs ｌｉke lotus or peony floweｒs symbｏlｉzｅwomen;piｎe aｎd crane pａtternｓsymｂoｌｉze longｅvity and a guａｖa paｔternｉs tｈe symbol of loｔs oｆchiｌdren、A nｉｃe scｅnｔed sacheｔｉs not ｊust an ornament,bｕt morｅｏf sometｈinｇｔｈat cｏnｔainｓcuｌtural and his ｔoriｃal rｉchneｓs、 2、中国民间艺术与中国哲学统一于“阴阳（yin－yaｎg）生万物”这一理念。这一理念源于中国原始社会，就是对人类得人生感悟得哲学注解.中国人祖先得哲学论断就是“近瞧自己,远观她人”。要理解中华民族民间艺术得原始艺术，这一结论必不可少。人类得本能欲望就是生存并通过繁衍（pｒopagatiｏｎ)继续存在。人生来得首要本能就是求生，然后就是长寿。从原始社会到今天,阴阳与永生得观念始终贯穿中国得社会生活与民族文化。中国民间艺术反映了社会得所有基本哲学理念. 翻译:Cｈinese ｆolｋarｔaｎdＣhinesｅphilosoｐhy aｒe ｕniｆｉed inｔhe ｂｅlief thatｙｉn—yaｎg produces aｌl lｉving things ｉn tｈe ｗorlｄ、OrｉginateｄiｎＣhinesｅprimitiveｓｏｃiety, tｈiｓwas thｅｐhilosophｉcal expｌaｎａtiｏn of humaｎ＇s pｅｒception of life、Cｈinｅse ancｅstorｓpｈilosｏphｉcaｌｃoｎcluｓiｏn ｗasｔｏ“ｌｏok atｏnｅself up cｌose aｎｄｏther creａtｕres from afａｒ"，whiｃh ｉs essentｉal to the uｎdeｒsｔａｎdingｏf the priｍｉｔi ｖe ａｒtｔｏthe folk art ｏｆｔｈe naｔiｏn、To lｉｖe and tｏｃonｔinｕe life through propagation ａｒe ｔｈeｔwo ｉｎstinctｉve ｄｅsires of huｍan、From birth,ａpｅrson'sｆirｓt iｎsｔinct is to sｕrvive, and tｈen to livｅａlｏng li ｆｅ、Ｆrom primｉtｉvｅｓociｅtyｔｏthe present day，ｔｈe ｖｉew of yiｎ-yanｇand perpetuａl lｉfe hａs peｒmeated ｉn all aspectｓoｆsociaｌlife and ｔhe natｉonａｌcｕlｔｕｒe of Chiｎesｅｓocｉeｔy、Ｃｈineｓe folk aｒt ｒe ｆｌects alｌof the basicｐhｉlosｏphicａｌｃoncｅpts、

中国传统文化(英语专业英文版)

秦始皇： The First Emperor united the language,the measurement system and the currency, set up the prefectures and countries system, constructed the famous Great Wall and built extravagant palaces and mausoleums. 独生子女政策： Since the late 1970s, the Chinese government has been implementing the policy of family planning, or “one child policy”, hoping to control the population increase, improve population quality, promote the development of the economy and society, and protect the environment. 中国哲学发展六个时期： The philosophy in pre-Qin times The orthodox philosophy during the Han Dynasty Metaphysics during the Wei and Jin Dynasties The Buddhist philosophy during the Sui and Tang dynasties Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming dynasties Application philosophy in the Ming and Qing dynasties 中国伦理道德的特点 1.Seeking harmony and maintaining equilibrium: harmony seeks peace, compromise, concord, and unison. Maintaining equilibrium is the ultimate purpose of harmony. 2.Collectivism over individualism: traditional Chinese values attach great importance to collective interest. The interest of the society, the country and the family has always been given top prioity. An individual’s value can be realized within the group. 道家： Taoism is a school founded by Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi. The school advocates the doctrine that the Dao is the course, the principle, the substance, and the standard of all things, to which people must conform. Based one the work of Lao Zi or Dao De Jing. Taoism promotes the belief that a person should live a simple life, not to strive for wealth, fame or power, which will only give one worries and trouble.The school favors the political of “achieving good government through non-action”. 四书五经： The Great Learning, The Doctrine Of the Mean, The Analects of Confucius and Mencius; The Book of Poems, The Book of History, The Book of Rites, The Book of Changes, And The Book of Spring and Autumn Annals. 活字印刷术： Block printing was probably invented between the Sui and Tang dynasties. The process of block printing started with the cutting of wood into blocks, and then characters were engraved in relief on the blocks. Ink was brushed on the engraved block and a white sheet of paper was spread across it and then brushed with a clean brush one its back, leaving an image when the paper was removed. 北京四合院屏风的作用： To prevent outsiders from peeping in, apart from security, it provides protection against dust and storms.offers space, comfort and privacy. 八大菜系： Shandong Guangdong Sichuan Jiangsu Zhejiang Hunan Anhui Fujian cuisines 五茶：green tea，black tea, oolong tea,compressed tea,and scented tea.

中国传统文化英语翻译

元宵节： Lantern Festival 2. 刺绣：embroidery 3. 重阳节：Double-Ninth Festival 4. 清明节：Tomb sweeping day 5. 剪纸：Paper Cutting 6. 书法：Calligraphy 7. 对联：(Spring Festival) Couplets 8. 象形文字：Pictograms/Pictographic Characters 9. 人才流动：Brain Drain/Brain Flow 10.四合院：Siheyuan/Quadrangle 11.战国：Warring States 12.风水：Fengshui/Geomantic Omen 13.铁饭碗：Iron Bowl 14.函授部：The Correspondence Department 15.集体舞：Group Dance 16.黄土高原：Loess Plateau 17.红白喜事：Weddings and Funerals 18.中秋节：Mid-Autumn Day 19.结婚证：Marriage Certificate 20.儒家文化：Confucian Culture 21.附属学校：Affiliated school 22.古装片：Costume Drama 23.武打片：Chinese Swordplay Movie 24.元宵：Tangyuan/Sweet Rice Dumpling (Soup) 25.一国两制：One Country, Two Systems 26.火锅：Hot Pot 27.四人帮：Gang of Four 28.《诗经》：The Book of Songs 29.素质教育：Essential-qualities-oriented Education 30.《史记》：Historical Records/Records of the Grand Historian 31.大跃进：Great Leap Forward (Movement) 32.《西游记》：The Journey to the West 33.除夕：Chinese New Year’s Eve/Eve of the Spring Festival 34.针灸：Acupuncture 35.唐三彩：Tri-color Pottery of the Tang Dynasty/ The Tang Tri-colored pottery 36.中国特色的社会主义：Chinese-charactered Socialist/Socialist with Chinese characteristics 37.偏旁：radical 38.孟子：Mencius 39.亭/阁： Pavilion/ Attic 40.大中型国有企业：Large and Medium-sized State-owned Enterprises 41.火药：gunpowder 42.农历：Lunar Calendar 43.印/玺：Seal/Stamp 44.物质精神文明建设：The Construction of Material Civilization and Spiritual Civilization 45.京剧：Beijing Opera/Peking Opera

10篇传统文化英语作文

10篇传统文化英语作文背起来 1 假定你是李华，是某高中的一名学生。为了让更多的人了解中国优秀的传统文化，你校近日将举办中国传统文化展(The Traditional Chinese Culture Fair)。请给你的外教Mr. Smith写一封电子邮件，邀请他参加。邮件的内容包括：（1）展会时间和地点：本周五下午2:00--5:00，本校艺术中心；（2）展会宗旨：让更多的人了解中国优秀的传统文化；（3）展出内容：相关书籍、图片、实物等：注意：（1）词数100左右；（2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。【优秀满分范文】 Dear Mr. Smith, I'm writing to invite you to the Traditional Chinese Cultural Fair to be held by our school at the Art Center this Friday afternoon, from 2pm to 5pm. Since this event aims to help more people learn about the traditional Chinese culture, the staff, all the students and their parents as well as anyone interested in it are welcome. At the Fair, related books, pictures, videos and objects will be exhibited, through which visitors will not only understand traditional Chinese culture better but also definitely feel the unique beauty of it. If you're interested, please come and enjoy it. And I'd be glad to offer any help. Looking forward to your early reply. Yours, Li Hua 2 假定你是李华。最近China Daily就“如何看待中国传统文化”面向社会征稿。请你用英语给编辑写一封信，谈谈你自己的想法。要点如下：? （1）表明自己的立场（传统文化应该得到保护和传承）；（2）给出你的理由；（3）呼吁社会共同参与。注意：（1）词数100左右；（2）可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；（3）开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。参考词汇：传承inherit 【优秀满分范文】 Dear editor， I'm writing to you to talk about my opinions about traditional Chinese culture.?I think it's necessary for us to protect and inherit it. Here are some reasons. Firstly,?as one of the ancient civilizations in the world,?the traditional Chinese culture is the foundation of the development of our country,?and it can provide spiritual motivation for Chinese economy. Secondly,?it includes many inspiring and shocking events,?through which we can learn some useful things to make our country develop more quickly. Last but not least,?it is an important part of Chinese history,?and inheriting it may make us stronger and benefit our growth. I hope Chinese government and citizens join in the campaign of protecting and inheriting traditional Chinese culture. We should make contributions and efforts to carry it forward.? ? ? Yours, Li Hua 3 假如你是李华，你校将举办中学生文化艺术节，请给你的英国朋友Peter写信，邀请他参加这次艺术节并请他表演一个节目。信的内容包括：? （1）演出地点、时间及参加人员；? （2）介绍艺术节主题：弘扬传统文化，促进文化交流．? 注意：（1）词数100左右?；（2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考词汇：中学生文化艺术节the?Middle?School?Art?Festival??承办?host??弘扬?carry?forward? 【优秀满分范文】 Dear Peter， How is everything going? I'm honored and happy, hearing you are a fan of traditional Chinese Art and Culture.?Here comes a piece of good news appealing to you. The Middle School Art Festival hosted by our school is drawing near.? The festival is to carry forward traditional culture and promote cultural exchange. And it provides audience with a stage where they can sample different forms of traditional Chinese and foreign culture while putting on performance. Next Friday，on the 30th of June, the festival will be held in the Shiyu Building. All of us students will take part in it. I sincerely hope that you can join us in our performance. By the way, it will be nicer of you to show us something from your country, since it will satisfy our curiosity about Britain. All of us will feel graced with the presence of you and your family. Yours, Li Hua 4 假如你是新华中学的学生会主席李华，你校学生会应英国Westminster School邀请，下星期将到该校进行交流访问，向该校学生介绍中国传统文化。请你给该校联系人Mr. Smith写一封邮件，信的要点如下：? （1）感谢对方的邀请；

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