Cryogenic Dimensions-Shoe

1.Steel Shoe(LISEGA Standards)

（1）Cradle & Shoe

OD=outer dimeter of pipe

D= DA+2*ti

D=管道带保温外径（OD ISO）

DA = 管道外径ASTM C585 尺寸

ti=管道保温厚度

ID Cradle = D+3 +2 非防震

ID Cradle = D+3 +2* t橡胶

E= ID Cradle/2+H

S =Cradle thickness

t =Base plate thickness

B= Width foot

R c= R outer of Cradle

R c= ID Cradle/2+S

C= Cradle Length

C=150mm L1=10、C=300mm、C=500mm 、C=750mm. d= distance between the cradle

L C=Straight length cradle

L C= (ID Cradle + S)*π/2-d

=outer fibre cradle

cradle

= (ID Cradle + 2*S)*π/2-d

cradle

W C= Weight of cradles

W C=2*L C*S*C*7.85*10-6

（2）Base Plate & Web

S Web =Web thickness =t

A1= Rohrlager A-Ma?

A1=C-15

A1=C-20 (t ≥ 10mm)

L w= length web

L w= A1-2*t-4

L w= A1-2*t-2 (t≤6)

N=Weld on width (C-Ma?)

N= B-20与ID Cradle *sin（45-β/2）-10中最小值

β=sin-1（d/ ID Cradle）

h foot=E-[( ID Cradle/2+S )2-(N/2)2]1/2

h Web=E- ID Cradle/2-t-S

h WW =Web weld seam length vertical

h WW = h Web-Ri-2

L1=Outer weld seam length

C=150mm L1=10、C=300mm L1=20、C=500mm L1=30、C=750mm L1=50.

L2 (upper window length) = L4 (lower window length)

L2=3*L1 ( 当L1=30时L2=100)

L3=L w-2*（L1+L2）

L5=Web lower weld seam length

L5= [L w-2*（Ri+2）-L4]/2

h W =height of web windows

h W =15 (h Web<50 h W=7.5)

R w=Web windows radius

R w= h W/3

w w=Web Weight

w w=[L W*h Web-3*h W*L2-2*(Ri+2)2]*S Web*7.85*10-6

F Ma? Rohlager=H-S

Ri= R inner bending radius

Ri=2*t (t≤10mm)、t=12mm Ri=25mm、t=14mm Ri=32mm、t=16mm Ri=36mm、t=18mm Ri=45mm

k= k correction factor

k=0.65+log Ri/t

v=v compensation value

v=2*（Ri+t）-π/2（Ri+k*t/2）

L BP= Straight length foot

L BP=A1+2* h foot-2*v-1 向下取整

L BP =C （Base plate if welded ）

a=Base plate Weld seam

t≤10mm a=3mm, t≤14mm a=4mm, t>14mm a=5mm

W BP =Weight foot / Base plate W BP ={

-

sin -1(

]}

(无特殊要求f =300) （3） LUG 、DISC SPRING & BOLTS

α=tan-1-

)/h]

α角度计算结果向下取5的整数倍。

Min Rod Length =（d+2*d1+2*h +n*Thickness disc +n* Height disc+4* Rod diameter）-1，向下取整数。n为根据夹紧力选取的单边安装的碟簧数目。

L2=distance rod to rod (axial)

L3= distance rod to rod (lateral)

t d=depth of sink

H=diameter of sink

d1=distance lug to cradle edge

L3=+B-)向上取整数

n r =quantity of rods n r =4 (C=750 n r =6)

Choose Rod Length =（Min Rod Length/10）向上取偶数*10mm (D<150 d=20mm, D<350 d=50mm, D≥450 d=80mm)

L4=distance centerline bolt - cradle

L4= H/2+2*a 向下取整数.

W lug=B*H*h* 2*n r *7.85*10-6

F b=Clamping load per rod at operating

-)/2n r,Fb min] (Fb min见对应螺栓Minimum clamping load F b值, μPUF=0.25 )

F R=

F RC=M*2/OD

M=F L*E- Fv*B/2

Fv=Vertical Load N

F L=Lateral Load N （若无给定值取0.35*Fv）

F A= Axial Load N （若无给定值取0.35*Fv）

Fb=Clamping load per rod at ambient (见上表对应F_max) F_max=λ1*S_max3+λ2*S_max2+λ3*S_max

F_min=λ1*S_min3+λ2*S_min2+λ3*S_min

○1Bending (lug)

Sigma bending lug at ambient (取Fb=F_max)

MPa

○2Bending (weld seam)

Sigma bending weld seam at ambient (取Fb=F_max) Sigma bending weld seam at operating

MPa

○3Shear (weld seam)

τ=

○4Comprehensive stress (weld seam)

σ=

σallowable attach DOC. No.106365

(4) Bending Cradle

Ri= R bending inner radius

Ri =2*S (S<=5 S =1.6*S or S<=6 Ri =1.67*S)

C=Distance bolt centerline to edge

C=( OD disc/2+15) 向上偶数取整

Db Bolt holes diameter （Bolt diameter *1.5）

A=distance centerline to bolt centerline

A=(X13+OD disc/2+5) 向上偶数取整

Y=sin-1[(d/2+S +Ri)/(Di/2+ S +Ri)]

X11=(Di+ S )π*（90-Y）/180

X12=(S /2+Ri)*π *（90-Y）/180

X13=cos Y*(Di/2+ S +Ri)

X14=A-X13

X16= Ri *cos Y

L=Effective Length

L=X11+2*X12+2*X14+2*C

σb ambient (取值Fb=F_max) [MPa]

σb operating [MPa]

MPa

σallowable attach DOC. No.106365.(S≤5, Q235B σallowable=113.3MPa, S>5 Q345B σallowable=163.3MPa)

σb ambient< σallowable选用Bending Cradle 否则选用welded lug （5）TYPE 57型Cradle Ring 、Pipe thrust ring & Shear lug

t c = Cradle ring thickness （t c=S）

Single step PUF：h c=min（0.5*PUF thk or 50）

Larger than one step PUF ：h c =min（Inner PUF thk or 50）

R o=min{180-2*sin-1[X-m/( ID Cradle/2-h c)] or [180-15-2*sin-1(d/ ID Cradle/2)]} 向下取整10倍数。

(d=20 X-m=20, d=50 X-m=30, d=80 X-m=35) mm

A Fa=pressure area lower cradle ring

t c=4 a=2，t c≤10 a=3，t c>10 a=4.

向上取整数。

A Fa= ( ID Cradle-h c)π* R o/360*( h c-

W cr=Weight cradle rings

W cr= (ID Cradle-h c)π* R o/360

a)Pipe thrust ring

t1= Pipe ring thickness

t2= Shear lug thickness

ti=inner PUF thickness

L pr=Lever arm of pipe ring

A pr=contact area of pipe ring

n1= quantity of Shear lug

L sl=length of shear lug

R c=cut out radius of shear lug a sl=weld seam size of shear lug ti<40mm, no thrust pipe ring

ti≥40mm, single steps

h pr=h sl=ti/2

ti≥40mm, steps

h pr=h sl= ti

t2=S

A pr=(h pr+DA)*π* h pr

L pr==[(h pr+DA)*π/n-t2]/4

L bl=(h pr+DA)*π/n

M b1=F A* L pr *( )

W=

(bending of pipe ring)

F A= max axial load outer area / half inner area F A=max Fa=min(A pr/2, A Fa)* σPUF

For G2P/G3/G4 type support:

(bending of pipe ring)

M b2=F A*(L bl-t1)

(ref:DOC.No.855959)

b) Shear lug

1. Bending (weld seam)

Lever arm shear lug=

2.Shear (weld seam)

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/0f17641517.html,prehensive stress (weld seam)

(Note: LISEGA limited this stress by 50N/mm2)

L max= Over-all-length

L max=max(C,C1,C2)+2*t1+2*t2

W pr+shear=Weight pipe rings and shear lugs

W Pr+shear= {(L sl* h sl*t2*n1)+[(DA+2* h Pr)2*π/4-DA2*π/4]*t1}*7.85*10-6*2 Overall height pipe ring half=DA/2+ h pr-1

Overall length pipe ring half= DA+ h pr*2

Overall height cradle ring half= ID Cradle/2- (ID Cradle/2-h c) *cos (R o/2)

Overall length cradle ring half =ID Cradle *sin (R o/2)

Load transfer =Specified Axial Load-F A

C) Thrust nose

tn= thickness thrust nose

Ln= Length thrust nose

Ln=d (ID cradle≤300), Ln=d+10 (ID cradle≤550), Ln=d+20 L Wn=weld seam length thrust nose

L Wn=Ln-(d/2+10), L Wn=Ln-(d/2+5) (d≤50)

Wn= Width thrust nose

weld size thrust nose=a

(shear weld seam)

(torsion weld seam)

(tau weld seam)

(Surface pressure MPa) L’=space check between the lugs

L’=(L2-W-2)-(3*Wn+2+10)

tn/2=Chamfer at thrust nose

1.意大利 DARAM 球阀介绍

Made in Italy - Europe 意大利 DAFRAM 网上发布给全世界的球阀介绍样本，

tremely modern workshop and testing centre with technical and engineering offices locat-ed on site.The manufacturing process is con-tinually improved and renewed with the most advanced manufacturing technologies,such as: multi-function machining centres and in-novative testing equipment for standard pres-sure tests and for low emission helium tests.Special testing centres are used for testing of all production and specifically for valves in high pressure and big size executions. PRODUCTS AND SERVICES The range consists exclusively of TOP QUALITY BALL VALVES for high performance and critical applications in FLOATING,TRUNNION MOUNTED and special configurations,size 1/4" to 36",150lbs to 2500lbs,PN10 to PN400,FULL and REDUCED bore,in Carbon Steel,Stainless Steel,Nickel and exotic alloys,for the follow-ing services: Chemical,Petrochemical,Refining,Pharmaceutical,Food industry,Power and co-generation plants,Desalting units,Pulp and Paper industry,Ship building (Chemical,LPG,LNG - DNV ,ABS approved),ON-shore & OFF-shore OIL and GAS production,ON-shore OIL and GAS pipelines,OIL and GAS storage, Transportation and Gathering Systems,Gas re-injection plants,Gas treat-ment plants,LPG and LNG production storage and transportation.Special products covering the entire pressure range are available for use in special services,such as: q BALL VALVES with PTFE STEM PACKING for AGGRESSIVE CHEMICAL SERVICE without O-RINGS in TA-LUFT and Fire Safe BS 6755 part 2 executions q METAL SEATED ball valves for both ABRASIVE and HIGH TEMPERATURE q CRYOGENIC ball valves with special STEM EXTENSION q FULLY JACKETED ball valves with oversized flanges q TOP ENTRY ball valves q FULLY WELDED ball valves q LOW EMISSION ball valves,TA-LUFT certified and HELIUM tested both to VACUUM and to SNIFFER methods DAFRAM S.p.A. is a specialised ball valves for Chemical,Power Generation, OFF with extensive experience in the DAFRAM fire -The right high performa applic DAFRAM 生产 球阀 的范围： 1/4" - 36" .压力 ANSI 150 - 2500 # 高压 气动 切断阀 高压电动切断阀

环境空气 挥发性有机物的测定 美国EPA Method TO-3

METHOD TO-3 REVISION 1.0 April, 1984 METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN AMBIENT AIR USING CRYOGENIC PRECONCENTRATION TECHNIQUES AND GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH FLAME IONIZATION AND ELECTRON CAPTURE DETECTION 1.Scope 1.1This document describes a method for the determination of highly volatile compounds having boiling points in the range of -10 to 200E C. 1.2The methodology detailed in this document is currently employed by numerous laboratories (1-4;8-11). Modifications to this methodology should be accompanied by appropriate documentation of the validity and reliability of these changes. 2.Applicable Documents 2.1ASTM Standards D1356 Definition of Terms Related to Atmospheric Sampling and Analysis E 355 Recommended Practice for Gas Chromatography Terms and Relationships 2.2Other Documents Ambient Air Studies (1-4). U. S. EPA Technical Assistance Document (5). 3.Summary of Method 3.1Ambient air analyses are performed as follows. A collection trap, as illustrated in Figure 1, is submerged in either liquid oxygen or argon. Liquid argon is highly recommended for use because of the safety hazard associated with liquid oxygen. With the sampling valve in the fill position an air sample is then admitted into the trap by a volume measuring apparatus. In the meantime, the column oven is cooled to a sub-ambient temperature (-50E C). Once sample collection is completed, the valve is switched so that the carrier gas sweeps the contents of the trap onto the head of the cooled GC column. Simultaneously, the liquid cryogen is

英国-德科样本

英国德科复合软管 英国德科公司是复合软管生产技术与创新的世界领先厂商。其位于英格兰北部的工厂采用高性能材料、按照严格的工艺流程，生产最高质量的全系列复合软管。德科公司自一九七七年起生产复合软管，通过不断的技术创新、经验积累，为全球工业界提供最为可靠的产品和技术。 德科公司复合软管产品符合所有主要国际标准的要求。 德科软管具有国际海事组织危险化学品和液化气的使用批准 证书。 所有德科船用软管符合美国海岸警卫队安全规范。 德科公司是第一家获ISO9002/BS5750论证的软管生产商， 并自1988年起向英国标准局注册（注册号Q5773）。 德科专利生产的“防火”软管被用于一级方程式赛车的加油， 并通过英国消防研究机构及瑞典消防机构独立检测。 德科公司十分重视为用户提供不断的技术支持，以保证软管 产品在使用工作寿命期内发挥最佳效益。德科公司直接或通 过其授权机构提供整套“软管检测、修复、验证服务” （HIRCS）。HIRCS体系具有德科独有特色，并被多家领先 公司独家采用。

英国德科公司复合软管 复合软管的柔性连接 复合软管与其它种类软管一样，为液体传输系统提供柔性连接，以补偿振动、移动或移位造成的影响。 复合软管的内部结构 复合软管具有内部螺旋缠绕金属支撑丝，通常为镀锌碳钢、不锈钢、铝合金、或镀聚丙烯碳钢材料，并具有外部螺旋缠绕金属丝，通常为镀锌碳钢、或不锈钢材料。在内外金属丝间，是热塑性织物和薄膜层。这些基础构件的基本功能是： 内层金属缠绕丝（InnerWire）－支撑软管内壁，在抽吸操作产生真空时提供支撑抗力。 外层金属缠绕丝（OuterWire）－保护软管免受磨损及冲击损伤，并使织物及薄膜层紧密结合。 织物层（Cover/Reinforcements）－ 作为强力层抵御软管内部压力。大部分均有外部PVC涂布织物层，提供鲜明的色彩识别标志，并具有额外抗磨损性。 薄膜层（SealingFilms/HoseLiner）－ 是密封介质，保证软管的密封性。 织物层与薄膜层可使用聚丙烯、聚酰胺（尼龙）、聚四氟乙烯、聚酯、聚胺或玻璃纤维。通过不同方式复合使用这些基础构件，可以使软管具有极广泛的化学耐蚀力、工作温度、压力范围。 端口密封（Seal）－除非另外特别指明，德科软管一般采用碳钢套圈及腈基橡胶密封件。如有需要，也可配套提供不锈钢套圈及丁基或氟基橡胶密封件。 温度与压力－根据BS5173标准，工作压力按至少4:1的安全系数设计，即软管破裂压力为工作压力的四倍。此标准设计温度为23℃±2℃。复合软管为热塑性材料制造，因工作温度升高，工作压力应有所降低，具体技术指标，敬请垂询德科公司或授权分销商。 （复合软管结构示意图） 端口连接（Ferrule/Seal/SpiralGroove）－ 复合软管组合与其它软管一样，依赖于其接口系统的强度和可靠性。德科公司开发了独特的接口组合及套口系统，采用高质量橡胶密封、钢或铝合金套圈和接口，设计要求原形测试时即使软管爆裂，接口也不致脱落。这一标准能确保发挥软管的最大强度极限。德科套口系统具有优越的金属丝缠绕、咬合效果，并具有良好的导电性，以保证静电完全释放。 内层金属丝与接口永久紧密连接。外层金属丝通常为导电连接，但如果任何一层金属丝断裂，德科产品采用SURE-LEC 导电密封件，以确保导电性。 为了提供最广泛的化学抗腐蚀性，德科产品的套口密封可采用腈基、丁基、氟基等多种橡胶材料。 所有德科软管均可配以多种接口整套供应，接口包括法兰、快速接口、丝口、API、及干式接口。通用接口材料包括碳钢、不锈钢、炮铜、铝合金、聚丙烯，及其它多种材料。

A fracture-resistant high-entropy alloy for cryogenic applications

DOI: 10.1126/science.1254581 , 1153 (2014); 345 Science et al.Bernd Gludovatz A fracture-resistant high-entropy alloy for cryogenic applications This copy is for your personal, non-commercial use only. clicking here.colleagues, clients, or customers by , you can order high-quality copies for your If you wish to distribute this article to others here.following the guidelines can be obtained by Permission to republish or repurpose articles or portions of articles ): September 13, 2014 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/0f17641517.html, (this information is current as of The following resources related to this article are available online at https://www.wendangku.net/doc/0f17641517.html,/content/345/6201/1153.full.html version of this article at: including high-resolution figures, can be found in the online Updated information and services, https://www.wendangku.net/doc/0f17641517.html,/content/suppl/2014/09/03/345.6201.1153.DC1.html can be found at: Supporting Online Material https://www.wendangku.net/doc/0f17641517.html,/content/345/6201/1153.full.html#ref-list-1, 2 of which can be accessed free: cites 45 articles This article https://www.wendangku.net/doc/0f17641517.html,/cgi/collection/mat_sci Materials Science subject collections:This article appears in the following registered trademark of AAAS. is a Science 2014 by the American Association for the Advancement of Science; all rights reserved. The title Copyright American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1200 New York Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20005. (print ISSN 0036-8075; online ISSN 1095-9203) is published weekly, except the last week in December, by the Science o n S e p t e m b e r 13, 2014 w w w .s c i e n c e m a g .o r g D o w n l o a d e d f r o m

Goodwin Cryogenic brochure 低温阀门

Goodwin Goodwin Goodwin Goodwin Goodwin Goodwin Goodwin Goodwin Goodwin Goodwin Goodwin Goodwin Goodwin Goodwin Goodwin Goodwin Goodwin Goodwin Goodwin Goodwin Goodwin Goodwin Goodwin Goodwin Goodwin Goodwin Goodwin Goodwin Goodwin Goodwin Goodwin Goodwin Cryogenic, Low Temperature and High Pressure Gas Testing Facility

The following is a brief resume of Goodwin supply to LNG projects where, over the last decade, Goodwin has furnished more than US$ 20,000,000 of product.Year Project Country Customer Contractor 1992MLNG: DUA Plant Malaysia Malaysia LNG JGC Corp/MW Kellogg, Japan 1995Inchon LNG Import Terminal Korea Korea Gas Corp Daelim Ind Co Ltd, Korea 1995Qatargas LNG Utilities Qatar Oatar Liquefied Gas Co Chiyoda,Japan 1996/98Bonny Island Trains 1&2Nigeria Nigeria LNG Ltd/Shell MW Kellogg, UK 1997/98RasGas Trains 1&2 Qatar Ras Laffan LNG Co JGC Corp, Japan 1998RasGas LNG Storage Tanks Qatar Ras Laffan LNG Co MHI, Japan 1998Oman LNG Oman Oman LNG/Shell Chiyoda/Foster Wheeler,UK 1998Inchon LNG Import Terminal Korea Korea Gas Corp Daelim Ind Co Ltd, Korea 1999Ourhoud LNG Algeria Sonatrach Bechtel Corp, Texas USA 2000Tongyeong LNG Import Terminal Korea Korea Gas Corp Daelim Industrial, Korea 2000Pinson LNG Peak Shaving Plant USA Alabama Gas Co Black & Veatch Prichard, USA 2000Trinidad Atlantic Train 2Trinidad Atlantic LNG Bechtel Corp, Texas, USA 2000Tiga LNG Malaysia MLNG Tiga SDN BHD JGC/KBR/SIME/JMSM/KMSB, Japan 2000Bonny Island Train 3Nigeria Nigeria LNG Ltd/Shell MW Kellogg, UK 2001/02RasGas Train 3 Qatar Ras Laffan LNG Co Chiyoda/Snamprogetti/Mitsui, Japan 2002 North West Shelf Ph IV Australia Woodside Energy Ltd KBR/JGC/Hatch/Clough (Australia) Goodwin International is capable of incremental pressure testing at temperatures from room temperature down to -196°C. Goodwin has a custom built test chamber that allows the safe testing of valves with helium at the full design pressure of the valve (6000psig/414barg).The test procedure is in accordance with Shell International specification SPE 77/306 and British Standard BS6364. Valves to be used in cryogenic or low temperature service are prepared and conditioned. With its range of Dual Plate Check Valve, Goodwin can offer the following achievable leakrates:●700 cc/minute/inch diameter nominal bore (API 598) ●300 cc/minute/inch diameter nominal bore (SPE 77/306) – additional cost ●100 cc/minute/inch diameter nominal bore (special) – additional cost These leakrates are for metal to metal sealing with no overlay on either the body or plate seats. Should stelliting on the valve body seat be required then the minimum achievable leakrate is 700cc/min/inch diameter nominal bore. Goodwin - a success story in LNG Goodwin Dual Plate Check Valves:achievable seat leakage rates

CryogenicR4低温阀液氮电磁阀

4 Features ?“LT” suffix valves are built to control cryogenic fluids,including liquid nitrogen (-320?F/-194?C), liquid argon (-303?F/-184?C), and liquid oxygen (-297?F/-181?C) ?All suffix “LT” valves are degreased, cleaned, tested free of moisture, and black light tested for hydrocarbons ?Liquid CO 2valves are suitable for remote mounting or for direct mounting to the refrigerated component by using four-hole bracket, provided Solenoid Enclosures Nominal Fluid T emp. Ranges AC Cryogenic Valves: -320?F to 150?F (-196?C to 66?C)DC Cryogenic Valves: -320?F to 120?F (-196?C to 49?C) All Liquid CO 2Valves: -75?F to 120?F (-59?C to 49?C) Refer to Engineering Section for details. Nominal Ambient T emp. Ranges AC Construction:-40?F to 125?F (-40?C to 52?C)8262/8263 Series: -40?F to 131?F (-40?C to 55?C) DC Construction: -40?F to 104?F (-40?C to 40?C)8262/8263 Series: -40?F to 131?F (-40?C to 55?C) Refer to Engineering Section for details. Approvals CSA certified. Meets applicable CE directives.Refer to Engineering Section for details. Standard: Watertight, Types 1, 2, 3, 3S, 4, and 4X. Optional: Explosionproof and Watertight, Types 3, 3S, 4, 4X, 6, 6P , 7, and 9.(To order, add prefix “EF” to catalog number.) See Optional Features Section for other available options. 235 % )

steel-815M17

Effect of cryogenic treatment on tensile behavior of case carburized steel-815M17 A.Bensely a,?,D.Senthilkumar a ,D.Mohan Lal a , G.Nagarajan a ,A.Rajadurai b a Department of Mechanical Engineering,Anna University,Sardar Patel Road,Chennai-600025,India b Department of Production Engineering,Madras Institute of Technology,Chrompet,Anna University,Chennai-600044,India Received 25April 2006;accepted 20June 2006 Abstract The crown wheel and pinion represent the most highly stressed parts of a heavy vehicle;these are typically made of 815M17steel.The reasons for the frequent failure of these components are due to tooth bending impact,wear and fatigue.The modern processes employed to produce these as high,durable components include cryogenic treatment as well as conventional heat treatment.It helps to convert retained austenite into martensite as well as promote carbide precipitation.This paper deals with the influence of cryogenic treatment on the tensile behavior of case carburized steel 815M17.The impetus for studying the tensile properties of gear steels is to ensure that steels used in gears have sufficient tensile strength to prevent failure when gears are subjected to tensile or fatigue loads,and to provide basic design information on the strength of 815M17steel.A comparative study on the effects of deep cryogenic treatment (DCT),shallow cryogenic treatment (SCT)and conventional heat treatment (CHT)was made by means of tension testing.This test was conducted as per ASTM standard designation E 8M.The present results confirm that the tensile behavior is marginally reduced after cryogenic treatment (i.e.both shallow and deep cryogenic treatment)for 815M17when compared with conventional heat treatment.Scanning electron microscopic (SEM)analysis of the fracture surface indicates the presence of dimples and flat fracture regions are more common in SCT specimens than for CHT and DCT-processed material.?2006Elsevier Inc.All rights reserved. Keywords:Deep cryogenic treatment;Subzero treatment;Case carburized steel;Gear failure;Tensile strength 1.Introduction Owing to globalization,industry must avoid compro-mising quality in order to compete in the market.Pres-ently,the growth of the automobile industry is increasing tremendously.Research efforts are widespread with a view to improving the life and performance of compo-nents in automotive,aircraft,racing engine,firearms,etc.applications by various treatments.Over the past few decades,research interest has been shown in the effect of cryogenic treatment on the performance of steels.Sup-plementing cryogenic treatment to conventional heat treatment processes may help the manufacturer to achieve high durable component.Cryogenic treatment is an in-expensive one-time treatment that influences the core properties of the component,unlike purely surface treat-ments.In the present research work,improving the mechanical properties of crown wheel and pinion com-ponents by cryogenic treatment is considered.Both the crown wheel and the pinion are made from high chromium nickel steel.They are highly stressed, Materials Characterization 58(2007)485– 491 ?Corresponding author.Tel.:+914422203262;fax:+914422203255.E-mail address:benzlee@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/0f17641517.html, (A.Bensely). 1044-5803/$-see front matter ?2006Elsevier Inc.All rights reserved.doi:10.1016/j.matchar.2006.06.019

Vanessa三偏心蝶阀

Series 30.000 Cryogenic Rotary Process Valves

Design Features Offset 3 Achieved by inclining the seat and seal cone centerline in respect of the pipe and valve centerline. This third offset completely eliminates rubbing. Any chances of associated wear and leakage between the seat and disc-mounted seal ring during travel are non-existent. Vanessa optimizes the contact angle between the seat and seal for enhanced performance. Most gate valves provide a contact angle of between 3 and 6 degrees. Such designs create a locking taper that can cause dangerously high seating or unseating torques. Vanessa’s contact angle is above the locking taper range and its geometry eliminates the possibility of jamming, ensuring the forces necessary to seat or unseat the valve do not substantially vary over the service life of the valve. ? ? ? Offset 1 Achieved by placing the shaft behind the plane of the sealing surface.The purpose of this offset is to have a continuous seat path. Triple Offset A typical high performance butterfly valve is manufactured with either a single or double offset shaft design. These shaft offsets are created by designing the valve with the shaft located behind the centerline of the sealing surface and slightly to one side of the pipe centerline. The purpose of these offsets is to reduce the rubbing and thus the wear between the seat and seal to approximately 20 degrees of travel. Vanessa adds a unique third (inclined cone – offset 3) to allow not only camming, but also to completely eliminate all seat-to-seal rubbing throughout the valve’s entire 90 degrees of rotation. True metal-to-metal seating: no Kalrez ?, PTFE, polymers, elastomers or graphite to achieve shutoff The triple eccentric, non-rubbing, torque seated design has proven to be the ideal choice for a vast number of end users in virtually all oil & gas applications, and for LNG/LPG services in particular.The valve design is the only one on the world market to be truly and fully metal-to-metal seated, a feature that helps to ensure a long valve life expectancy. Instead, the use of Kalrez ?, PTFE,polymers, elastomers or graphite to achieve shutoff,substantially reduces the reliability of the valve once installed. Offset 2 Achieved by placing the shaft offset to one side of the pipe and valve centerline. The purpose of this offset is to drive away the seal from the seat during the 90° of opening. Manufacturing & T esting Equipment The Vanessa state-of-the-art manufacturing plant boasts a fully equipped cryogenic testing facility, able to perform tests in accordance to all major international cryogenic procedures on sizes up to 84”. The cryogenic bunker is fitted with the most technologically advanced testing instruments and apparel, e.g. helium mass spectrometer, mass flowmeter, computer-controlled thermocouples, and a complete series of stainless steel caps to test the whole range of valve diameters.

板框压滤低温真空干化浅析Frame filter press cryogenic vacuum drying Analysis

板框压滤低温真空干化浅析Frame filter press cryogenic vacuum drying Analysis (2012-02-24 10:56:44) 转载▼ 标签： 杂谈 板框压滤机是很成熟的脱水设备，在欧美早期的污泥脱水项目上应用很多，但市场被离心机后来居上，究其原因，可能是因为板框很难做到无人值守，滤布常常需要人工清理的缘故。将热干化结合进来，从概念上看是很一个聪明的想法，在一台设备上完成应该两台设备完成的工作，理论上应该是很有竞争力的。 众所周知，采用机械式板框压滤，一般可能将污泥脱水至含固率20-30%。要进一步提供含固率，需要采用热法。将热干化结合进板框式压滤机，已经有不少人进行了这方面的尝试。在美国，有Dehydration & Environmental Systems的DryVac系统、AcquaCare Systems 的Enviro-Dri系统、SMC的真空板框污泥干燥等。 在国内首先将该技术付诸实施的，是来自台湾的一家公司，核心专利是吕明旺（莱大环境工程）的一种复合板框，通过台湾经销商卜力斯和中环保控股的杭氧环保在大陆推广。此外，还有上海的锦惠复洁环境工程声称引进了德国技术，从原理看十分近似。 笔者委托朋友参观过前者一个正在运行的项目，并取了干化后泥样进行分析，所得结果与一位网友所看到的后者一个项目情况类似，干化后的含固率大约45-55%，与所言70%有不小的差距。那么，究竟原先粘滤布的问题如何解决，干化效果如何，该技术到底有怎样的市场定位，笔者不揣冒昧，试对此技术做一次工程层面的简要分析。 资料来源主要是一些公开的介绍和技术方案，结合了笔者对设备的分析推断。既然有推断，就可能不准确，本文纯属对一种新技术的探讨，笔者的不成熟观点幸勿引以为结论。 一、计算取值和方法 笔者以一个100吨/日项目为参考，对湿泥（含固率20%）进厂后从调浆开始一直到干化完毕为止建立了一个完整的物料平衡和热平衡模型。下面所引述的参数取值都是在此平衡计算的基础上，参考实际数据得出的。 所依据的基本输入条件如下： 污泥100吨/日，含固率20%；石灰假设为绝干；采用两台真空板框压滤机进行干燥，每台80片，每片单侧有效容积90L；干化后含固率设计值70%。 1、石灰调浆 来自污水处理厂的含固率15-20%的脱水污泥首先需要进行调浆，相信这是板框压滤机进料浓度限制而形成的。从实际项目看，添加一定比例的石灰浆，对减少污泥粘滤布来说是必需的。石灰的添加比例有多种说法，有资料说100吨20%含固率的湿泥需要加4吨石灰的，即相当于干基20%；也有说只需加干泥的3%。根据所了解的数据，笔者推算的实际添加量在干基10%左右。 2、进料含固率 石灰调浆需要加水，将脱水污泥进行打浆也需要稀释，稀释的最终目的应该还是为了适应板框机的进料。按照笔者的推算，这一含固率可能在8-12%之间，取10%。 3、填充量 板框压滤机的一次性进料量是一个变量，它在进料过程中有一定的压力（1.0 MPa），与