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四级考前模考试卷(三)

四级考前模考试卷(三)
四级考前模考试卷(三)

四级考前模考试卷(三)

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Giving Children Mobile Phones. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below.

1. 目前越来越多的家长给孩子配手机,目的是……

2. 也会带来一些问题

3. 你的看法……

Giving Children Mobile Phones

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)

Are Your Kids Eating Junk?

Develop Healthy Eating Habits In Your Children

The other day I watched a very informative documentary Vive La Cantine! (Long live the Canteen!). There was a chef and a dietitian (营养学家) who went to 2 canteens in France to see the condition in which children, about 8 years old, were served food. It was really very unpleasant and shocking.

The children were served chips and other “junk food” (Powder and water for soup!) on a daily basis. They deliberately avoid any vegetables placed on their plates despite genuine efforts made by the cooks at the canteens to make them food from fresh vegetables.

This gave me food for thought because this is a very grave issue when children at this tender age, still in a stage of active physical growth, do not eat vegetables. This article will be focused mostly on vegetables because these are the main foods which are a problem for children.

Educate your children about the different types of vegetables

Take some junk foods like chips, burgers, etc... and add a few vegetables like beet, spinach and celery and ask your kid the names of each food item. I’ll bet you that your child will know ALL the junk food and will fail to know the names of about 30% of the vegetables. Educating their children about the basics of healthy eating is an area where most parents fail. So the first thing I’ll recommend is to familiarize your kids with the different vegetables there are, their tastes, their textures, their colors, their flavors in food. Let them actually experience the joy of fresh vegetables and hopefully this will help them get rid of the bad image vegetables ingrained (根深蒂固) in children’s minds.

Stop rewarding your kids

Most parents try to bribe their children into eating vegetables by coaxing (劝诱) them with rewards. This kind of behavior will instill (灌输) the idea that vegetables are something that they are forced to eat for a reward. If there are no rewards, your children won’t bother eating the vegetables. If you are doing this, you must STOP it now because you will only be fooling yourself and your kids for a “short period”. How long do you think you can bribe your kids to eat vegetables? If you want your kids to gain healthy eating habits for the rest of his/her life, you must start by explaining to them why eating vegetables are good for them. They won’t be able to understand this at first but be inflexible (不退让的) (not forceful). Explain each time that kids must eat vegetables to stay healthy and smart.

Stop punishing your kids

Like the rewarding kids, there are some parents who go to extreme measures in order to make their children finish their meals. These experiences will make the children create a hatred for vegetables. Don’t shove the vegetables down his/her throat but rather be patient and take the time to explain to your children that vegetables will do their health good.

Actually cook them food

Most parents actually buy foods for their kids or just microwave something they put together like the “powder and water to make soup” food. First of all, outside food does not equal home cooked food. You have no control of the ingredients used to make the food, basic stuff like salt, sugar, oil. No, you must not put your kids on a diet but it doesn’t hurt to have a control on health enemies like this especially as the rates of obese kids are escalating. Also, most of the instantaneous foods which take just a few minutes to cook are actually junk food. Let your kids taste a real carrot soup with real carrots in it instead of just powder and water.

Limit the pocket money

Kids today have too much money and not enough control. Limit their pocket money so that they don’t buy candy or a chocolate bar every time they are hungry. Prepare them a healthy lunch meal instead of giving them money to buy food to eat.

Give your kids healthy snacks

Instead of giving him two chocolates, two candies, or one chocolate and biscuit, why not treat him to a chocolate and an apple or a yogurt and some biscuit. He will like it and also eat healthily at the same time.

Hide the vegetables in the dishes

Despite your various attempts you find your kid still not enjoying the vegetable you have cooked for him, then it is time for you to resort to some guerrilla tactics (游击战术). You must try to hide the vegetables in the dishes you prepare for him. You can crush vegetables for pasta sauces or you put the vegetables on a pizza. You can also make shakes and smoothies from fresh vegetables. There are many secret ways to prepare dishes with vegetables which are not so apparent. If you are discovered by your kids, you may be accused of “cheating” but at least you are sacrificing yourself for the goods of y our children.

Make them watch educational cartoons on food and nutrition

Children are easily influenced by what they watch on TV. The proof: a cartoon from Ireland known as Food Dudes is already getting children hooked on vegetables. The Food Dudes are 4 preteens called Razz, Rocco, Charlie and Tom who fight against the evil General Junk and his sidekicks who are depriving the world of fruits and veggies! The teens get their superpowers by consuming healthful foods like raspberries (Razz), broccoli (Rocco), carrots (Charlie) and tomatoes (Tom).

Be a model to your children

And last but not least, be a model to your kids. Avoid bad eating habits in front of your children as children are very intelligent persons and they can learn very quickly to emulate(模仿) your eating habits. Also if you’re practicing healthy eating habits, it’s a lot easier to convince children to do the same.

Kids are very smart nowadays. You will lose many battles at first but you will win the war

eventually if you stick to the above guidelines. Use your imagination.

1. What did the program Vive La Cantine! reveal about children’s diet at school?

A) Most food served for children tastes unpleasant.

B) Kids have only junk food to choose from at school.

C) Many children don’t eat vegetabl es as their daily food.

D) Children enjoy a balanced diet thanks to the cooks.

2. According to the author, most parents fail to _______.

A) tell their kids important facts about healthy eating

B) serve their children with fresh vegetables at home

C) warn their kids to stay away from junk food D) teach their children ways to recognize junk food

3. Why should parents stop rewarding their kids for eating vegetables?

A) It changes kids’ eating habits.B) It has only short-term effects.

C) It may lead to overeating. D) It costs parents too much money.

4. When explaining why kids must eat vegetables, parents need to _______.

A) understand nutrition B) express the idea carefully

C) be a forceful speaker D) be persistent and patient

5. If parents punish their kids for not eating vegetables, kids will _______.

A) form healthy eating habits gradually B) feel hatred for their parents

C) have a strong dislike of vegetables D) change their negative attitudes to vegetables

6. The author suggests that home cooked food _______.

A) is rich in salt and sugar B) tastes worse than outside food

C) is just a waste of time for parents D) helps control children’s weight

7. According to the passage, too much pocket money causes a problem that _______.

A) children are more difficult to control B) children tend to eat unhealthily

C) children become greedy for money D) children form a habit of wasting money

8. For kids who dislike vegetables, parents can try some secret ways to make the vegetables less _____________________________________ in the dishes.

9. The example of Food Dudes illustrates that watching _____________________________________ about vegetables attracts children to vegetables.

10. It’s important that parents avoid _____________________________________ in the sight of their quick-learning children.

Part III Listening Comprehension(35 minutes) Section A

11. A) She finds the speech of the mayor boring.

B) She thinks the new mayor is a good speaker.

C) She is tired of watching the political speeches on TV.

D) She has no idea how well the mayor did in the speech.

12. A) The new apartments can accommodate 500 students.

B) The new apartments are not available until next month.

C) Most students can’t afford to live in the new apartments.

D) It takes only 5 minutes to reach the campus from the apartments.

13. A) He thought Dr. Parker’s tests were easy.

B) Dr. Parker is no longer teaching history.

C) The woman’s source of information is reliable.

D) He didn’t enjoy taking history tests of Dr. Parker’s.

14. A) A case of bank robbery. B) The search for the reliable witness.

C) The interview with the bank clerk. D) The terrific detective story.

15. A) Wait for his cousin. B) Go to the airport.

C) Prepare dinner. D) Go to the concert.

16. A) Worried. B) Cheerful.

C) Confident. D) Angry.

17. A) At a reception desk. B) At a store.

C) In a bank. D) In a hotel.

18. A) Sign his name for the fan. B) Fill in an application form.

C) Exchange gifts with his friends. D) Get a purchase refunded.

Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

19. A) Rise. B) Fall. C) V-shape. D) Zigzag.

20. A) To create stability in their lives. B) To embrace changes of thought.

C) To adapt to the disintegrated family life. D) To return to the practice in the 60s and 70s.

21. A) They were afraid of losing face. B) They were willing to stay together.

C) They wanted to go against the trend. D) They feared the complicated procedures.

22. A) They would have enjoyed a happier life.

B) They would have had difficulty being promoted.

C) They would have been shifted around the country.

D) They would have tasted little bitterness of disgrace.

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

23. A) Water. B) Crops. C) Money. D) Trees.

24. A) It would have a bad effect on the local people.

B) The local people do not want to sell any land.

C) The government do esn’t allow land to be sold.

D) There isn’t enough money available to buy land.

25. A) Two local people. B) A local person and a reservation worker.

C) Two reservation workers. D) A reporter and a reservation worker.

Section B

Passage One

Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.

26. A) A best-selling coffee. B) A special educational program.

C) Government support for schools. D) A new type of teacher-student relationship.

27. A) To supply teachers with drinks. B) To do some research on nutrition.

C) To raise money for school affairs. D) To develop students’ practical skills.

28. A) She owns the school’s coffee shop.B) She teaches at Dixie Heights High School.

C) She sees that the drinks meet health standards.

D) She manages the Dixie PIT program in Kenton County.

Passage Two

Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.

29. A) 15%. B) 25%. C) 27%. D) 73%.

30. A) It is a two-year-old cat. B) It likes to sleep in the sun.

C) It often greets the passers-by. D) It works in the Global Hair Salon.

31. A) Busy Life for Pets B) Pets Join the Workforce

C) Your Favorite Office Pets D) Pets Help Attract Customers

Passage Three

Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.

32. A) Water supply and increasing population.

B) Water use management and agriculture.

C) Water redistribution and wildlife protection. D) Water shortages and environmental protection.

33. A) People in high rainfall countries feel lucky.

B) Much of the world’s water is available for use.

C) The costs of water redistribution should be considered.

D) Water can be easily carried through pipes across the world.

34. A) The water in Texas has been reduced by 75%.

B) Most industries in the world suffer from water shortages.

C) The underground water in Saudi Arabia might run out in 50 years.

D) Good management of water use resulted from the project in the Central Valley.

35. A) Ways to reduce the costs of building dams.

B) Steps to improve water use management.

C) Measures to deal with worldwide water shortages.

D) Attempts to handle the pressure on water supply.

Section C

It is often through good dinners that one makes friends. In Japan, there are (36) ______ “Dining Groups” or“Wine Groups”, formed by people of different (37) ______ of life but of more or less (38) ______ standing, having as their common object, good living and the (39) ______ of friendship. They meet weekly or (40) ______ or on the birthday of one of the members, who play host in turn. As a rule, the dinner is held in one’s own home, unless for some reasons this is (41) ______, in which case it can be held in a (42) ______ restaurant. On each occasion, the host may include a couple of guests (43) ______ to the others. Thus one makes new friends and keeps old friendship in constant repair. Sometimes, similar feasts are held for the sake of art and literature. (44) _________________________________________________________________________________.

As to the part that delicious food can play in smoothing negotiation, this must be a common experience of every man of affairs. (45) _________________________________________________________________________________. “Will you lunch with me?” is a familiar phrase in the bus iness world either in prefacing (作开场白) a successful deal or in celebrating one. (46) _________________________________________________________________________________.

Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes) Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.

Female cheetahs(猎豹) at the Bronx Zoo in New York just love Calvin Klein’s Obsession for Men perfume (香水). No, they don’t 47 their favorite perfume behind their ears, but they do enjoy rubbing up against tree stumps sprayed with the scent.

This is part of a program of the Wildlife Conservation Society, which 48 New York City’s zoos and aquariums, to keep animals healthy and happy. “We want to enrich the daily lives of the animals, both 49 and psychologically,” Diana R eiss, a senior research scientist at the Conservation Society, told the reporter. “One of the ways we do that is offering our animals different kinds of scents to give them 50 .”

The scents provide a way to 51 the animals. Reiss said smell is essential to the lives of animals. “With our cheetahs at the Bronx Zoo, we worked from inexpensive perfumes to expensive perfumes,” she said. “The one they respond to the most is Calvin Klein Obsession for Men. But they also respond to 52 perfumes.”

The wildlife w orkers test the animals’ 53 to various scents by 54 tree stumps with different perfumes or placing cinnamon or other spices (香料) in the animals’ 55 . “We’ll observe how much time they spend in that area,” Reiss said. But not all animals have 56 tastes when it comes to scents, Reiss said. Female cheetahs at the Bronx Zoo may rank Obsession for Men as their favorite perfume. But forget that for the pumas and lynx at the Queens Zoo. They like something that really smells.

Section B

Passage One

Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.

You may have wondered why the supermarkets are all the same. It is not because the companies that operate them lack imagination. It is because they are all versed(精通) in the science of persuading people to buy things.

In the supermarket, it takes a while for the mind to get into a shopping mode. This is why the area immediately insid e the entrance is known as the “decompression zone”. People need to slow down and look around, even if they are regulars. In sales terms this area is a bit of a loss, so it tends to be used more for promotion.

Immediately inside the first thing shoppers may come to is the fresh fruit and vegetables section. For shoppers, this makes no sense. Fruit and vegetables can be easily damaged, so they should be bought at the end, not the beginning, of a shopping trip. But what is at work here? It turns out that selecting good fresh food is an uplifting (振奋的) way to start shopping, and it makes people feel less guilty about reaching for the unhealthy stuff later on.

Shoppers already know that everyday items, like milk, are invariably placed toward the back of a store to provide more opportunities to tempt customers. But supermarkets know shoppers know this, so they use other tricks, like placing popular items halfway along a section so that people have to walk all along the aisle looking for them. The idea is to boost “dwell time”: the length of time people spend in a store.

Traditionally retailers measure “footfall”, as the number of people entering a store is known, but those numbers say nothing about where people go and how long they spend there. But nowadays, a piece of technology can fill the gap: the mobile phone. Path Intelligence, a British company tracked people’s phones at Gunwharf Quays, a large retail centre in Portsmouth — not by monitoring calls, but by plotting the positions of handsets as they transmit automatically to cellular networks. It found that when dwell time rose 1% sales rose 1.3%.

Such techniques are increasingly popular because of a deepening understanding about how shoppers make choices. People tell market researchers that they make rational decisions about what to buy, considering things like price, selection or convenience. But subconscious forces, involving emotion and memories, are clearly also at work.

57. According to the passage, “decompression zone” is the area meant to ______.

A) encourage shoppers to try new products B) provide shoppers with discount information

C) prepare shoppers for the mood of buying D) offer shoppers a place to have a rest

58. Putting fruit and vegetable section near the entrance takes advantage of people’s ______.

A) shopping psychology B) concerns with time

C) shopping habits D) common sense

59. Path Intelligence uses a technology at Gunwharf Quays to ______.

A) find out what people buy in the store B) monitor what shoppers say and do in the store

C) count the number of customers entering the store

D) measure the length of time people stay in the store

60. What do we learn about shoppers from the last paragraph?

A) They have more control over what they buy than they assume.

B) They tend to make more emotional decisions than they think.

C) They exert more influence on stores than they imagine.

D) They are more likely to make rational choices than they know.

61. What is the passage mainly about?

A) Rational and irrational ways of shopping.B) How shoppers make choices in stores.

C) New technology that boosts stores’ sales.D) The science behind stores’ arrangements. Passage Two

Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.

The other day my son asked me if he could ride up to his elementary school on his bike and meet his friend. He wanted the both of them to ride back to our house so they could play video games and jump on the trampoline (蹦床). I have to admit, part of me wanted to say no. We can go pick him up or his parents can bring him over here, I thought. But my son is eleven years old now. And after all, I do let him ride his bike to school. But I also drive my daughter to school and I can see him on the way, making sure he is getting there safely.

My husband thinks I am too overprotective. I d on’t dare to let my children walk anywhere without one of us going along. As you pull out of our neighborhood, there is a shopping center across the street. My son always asks if he can ride his bike or walk over to the drugstore by himself. But crossing that street is just too dangerous. The cars fly around the corner like they’re driving in a car race. What if he gets hit? What if some teenage bullies (恃强凌弱的人) are hanging out in the parking lot?

I want so much to give my children the freedom that I enjoyed having when I was growing up but I hesitate to do so because there are dangers around every corner. Too many kidnaps, too many sex offenders. I went online and discovered there are 41 sex offenders in my zip code alone.

I honestly don’t think my mom worr ied about such things when her children were young.

Growing up in the 1970s was indeed a different time. I never wore a helmet when I rode a bike. We were all over the neighborhood, on our bikes and on foot, coming home for dinner and then back out again u ntil dark. We rode in the back of the truck, didn’t wear seatbelts. I walked to and from school every day.

My sister and I would spend the night at friends’ houses even if our mom didn’t know the parents.

My parents would drop us off at the public swimming pool or the roller rink for a couple of hours. No parent supervision...

62. What exactly did the author feel reluctant to let her son do?

A) Take his friend home with his bike.B) Jump up and down on the trampoline.

C) Cycle on streets without her supervision.D) Meet his friend at his elementary school.

63. What does the author mean by “But my son is eleven years old now” (Line 4, Para. 1)?

A) He is a bit too young to go out alone.B) He has reached the legal age for riding a bicycle.

C) He can’t protect him self from road hazards.D) He is old enough to be given some freedom now.

64. What is considered by the author as a potential threat to kids?

A) Cars racing by. B) Drug stores.

C) Students in their teens. D) The street corners.

65. We can infer from the passage that ______.

A) children today seem to be more obedient to their parents

B) children in the 1970s enjoyed more freedom than those today

C) the author became overprotective under the influence of her mother

D) the social security back in the 1970s was no better than it is today

66. The author’s main purpose in writing the passage is to ______.

A) compare today’s social environment with that of the 1970s

B) express her worries about both safety and security in her area

C) describe her hesitation as to how much freedom she should give her son

D) show her concern over the increasing crime rate in her neighborhood

Part V Cloze (15 minutes)

The recession is taking a serious toll on American retail, but e-commerce could emerge as a winner.

According to a new report by Forrester Research, e-commerce sales (beyond travel) are likely to 67 11%, to $156 billion, in 2011. That 68 a slowdown from 13% growth last year and 18% in 2009. The major factor 69 to the pace shift is, of course, 70 consumer confidence.

But e-commerce’s slowed pace is still far better than the National Retail Federation’s forecasted 0.5% drop in 71 retail sales this year.

That means e-commerce is stealing market shares from 72 retail —and fast. 73 Forrester’s estimates, in 2010 e-commerce 74 for 5% of all retail sales. In 2012, Forrester thinks e-commerce could have an 8% share.

One recent factor is that online shopping promises 75 to price-sensitive consumers. “The recession is definitely 76 more consumers to do their homework before they go and complete a(n) 77 ,” says Forrester analyst Sucharita Mulpuru.

E-commerce is also somewhat protected because online shoppers 78 to be wealthier: about half of all online shopping is done by households that earn more than $75,000 per year, even though they’re just about a third of all households with Internet 79 . 67. A) arise B) grow

C) raise D) breed

68. A) causes B) says

C) dictates D) marks

69. A) attributing B) subjecting

C) contributing D) applying

70. A) declining B) lowering

C) improving D) reducing

71. A) entire B) intensive

C) overall D) decisive

72. A) traditional B) original

C) basic D) rational

73. A) To B) As

C) About D) By

74. A) stood B) attached

C) accounted D) amounted

75. A) debates B) bargains

C) disputes D) negotiations

76. A) encouraging B) disappointing

C) upsetting D) surprising

77. A) purchase B) order

C) business D) charge

78. A) aim B) happen

C) tend D) bound

79. A) entrance B) access

C) chance D) route

80. A) Therefore B) Otherwise

C) But D) And

81. A) completely B) hardly

80 not all Internet companies are set to benefit 81 . Last month, e-commerce giant eBay 82 its first-ever quarterly revenue decline, 83 Amazon reported a sales surge of 18%.

Smaller players are particularly 84 risk. “There are some pretty vicious(恶意的) wars as companies go online to get market shares,” says Mulpuru. “The 85 I have is that we could go back down the spiral(螺旋) of death from 2001 and 2003, when companies would under-price themselves 86 thinking about profitability(盈利).”

C) initially D) equally

82. A) decided B) posted

C) boasted D) complained

83. A) while B) when

C) since D) because

84. A) on B) at

C) with D) in

85. A) care B) attention

C) intention D) concern

86. A) under B) beyond

C) within D) without

Part VI Translation (5 minutes)

87. There is a stranger outside. I have been _________________________________ (密切注意他)

for a while.

88. Mary received unemployment compensation when she _________________________________

(从工厂下岗).

89. _________________________________ (由于职员短缺), there was no restaurant car on the

train.

90. Joe is not good at sports, but _________________________________ (提到数学的时候), he is

the best in the class.

91. Nowadays, more and more people _________________________________(更愿意使用信用卡)

than pay in cash.

人力资源管理师四级考前冲刺精选试题及答案解析(附答案解析)

人力资源管理师四级考前冲刺精选试题及答案解析(附答案解析) 一、选择题 1在常见的绩效信息采集方法中,()是考评人员到有关数据统计或汇总的权威部门查证有关数据采集考核信息。 A.实地调查法 B.现场记录法 C.数据积累法 D.问卷调查法 参考答案:C 参考解析: 常见的绩效信息采集方法包括:①实地调查法;②现场记录法;③数据积累法; ④问卷调查法;⑤抽样调查法。其中,数据积累法是指考评人员到有关数据统计或汇总的权威部门查证有关数据采集考核信息。 2下列陈述中,符合绩效考核指标设置要求的是()。 A.让顾客完全满意 B.熟悉设备的使用和维护 C.尽量节约时间 D.每月废品率不超过1% 参考答案:D 参考解析:

绩效应以完成工作所达到的可接受的条件为标准,不宜定得过高。由于绩效标准是考评评判的基础,因此,必须客观化、定量化,具体做法是将考评要项逐一分解,形成考评的评判标准。只有D项指标符合客观化、定量化的要求。 3绩效管理制度的基本内容不包括()。 A.绩效管理的目标 B.员工申诉的管理办法 C.职位晋升的标准 D.考评结果应用原则及配套措施 参考答案:C 参考解析: 在起草和编写企业员工绩效管理制度时,至少应当包括以下十个方面的基本内容:①概括说明建立绩效管理制度的原因、绩效管理的地位和作用;②对绩效管理的组织机构设置、职责范围、业务分工,以及各级参与绩效管理活动的人员的责任、权限、义务和要求做出具体的规定;③明确规定绩效管理的目标、程序和步骤,以及具体实施过程中应当遵守的基本原则和具体的要求;④对各类人员绩效考评的方法、设计的依据和基本原理、考评指标和标准体系做出简要确切的解释和说明;⑤详细规定绩效考评的类别、层次和考评期限;⑥对绩效管理中所使用的报表格式、考评量表、统计口径、填写方法、评述撰写和上报期限,以及对考评结果偏误的控制和剔除提出具体的要求;⑦对绩效考评结果的应用原则和要求,以及与之配套的薪酬奖励、人事调整、晋升培训等规章制度的贯彻实施和相关政策的兑现办法做出明确规定;⑧对各个职能和业务部门年度绩效管理总结、表彰活动和要求做出原则规定;⑨对绩效考评中员工申诉的权利、具体程序和管理办法

大学英语四级考试模考试题

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Menino, the mayor of Boston, said he believed the new children’s program, in which doctors write vegetable “prescriptions” to be filled at farmers’ markets, was the first of its kind. Doctors will track participants to determine how the program affects their eating patterns and to monitor health indicators like weight and body mass index, he said. “When I go to work in the morning, I see kids standing at the bus stop eating chips and drinking a soda,” Mr. Menino said in a phone interview earlier this week. “I hope this will help them change their eating habits and lead to a healthier lifestyle.” The mayor’s attention to healthy eating dates to his days as a city councilman. Most recently he has app ointed a well-known chef as a food policy director to promote local foods in public schools and to foster market gardens in the city. Although obesity is a complex problem unlikely to be solved just by eating more vegetables, supporters of the vegetable coupon program hope that physician intervention will spur young people to adopt the kind of behavioral changes that can help prevent lifelong obesity. Childhood obesity in the United States costs $14.1 billion annually in direct health expenses like prescription drugs and visits to doctors and emergency rooms, according to a recent article on the economics of childhood obesity published in the journal Health Affairs. Treating obesity-related illness in adults costs an estimated $147 billion annually, the article said. Although the vegetable prescription pilot project is small, its supporters see it as a model for encouraging obese children and their families to increase the volume and variety of fresh produce they eat. “Can we help people in low-income areas, who shop in the center of supermarkets for low-cost empty-calorie food, to shop at farmers’ markets by making fruit and vegetables more affordable?” said Gus Schumacher, the chairman of Wholesome Wave, a nonprofit gro up in Bridgeport, Conn., that supports family farmers and community access to locally grown produce. If the pilot project is successful, Mr. Schumacher said, “farmers’ markets would become like a fruit and vegetable pharmacy (药房) for at-risk families.” The pilot project plans to enroll up to 50 families of four at three health centers in Massachusetts that already have specialized children’s programs called healthy weight clinics. 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A staff member at the center told Ms. Ogiste about a farmers’ market that is five minutes from her apartment, she said. “It worked wonders,” said Ms. Ogiste, who bought and prepared eggplant, cucumbers, tomatoes, summer squash, corn, bok choy, parsley, carrots and red onions. “Just the variety, it did help.” Ms. Ogiste said she had minced some vegetables and used them in soup, pasta sauce and rice dishes — the better to disguise the new good-for-you foods that she served her son. Makael said he did not mind. “It’s really good,” he said. Some nutrition researchers said that the Massachusetts project had a good chance of improving eating habits in the short term. But, they added, a vegetable prescription program in isolation may not have a long-term influence on reducing obesity. Families may revert to their former habits in the winter when the farmers’ markets are closed, these researchers said, or they may not be able to afford fresh pr oduce after the voucher program ends. Dr. Shikha Anand, the medical director of CAVU’s healthy weight initiative, said the group hoped to make the veggie prescript ion project a year-round program through partnerships with grocery stores. But people tend to overeat junk food in higher proportion than they undereat vegetables, said Dr. Deborah A. Cohen, a senior natural scientist at the RAND Corporation. So, unless people curtail (减少) excessive consumption of salty and sugary snacks, she said, behavioral changes like eating more fruit and vegetables will have limited effect on obesity.

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2012年6月英语四级考前10天冲刺试卷及答案(8)-2

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