2020届 二轮复习语法专项定语从句学案 (2)

①阅读理解中的长难句；

②考关系词：语法填空（不给提示词）和短文改错（增删关系词、关系词用错）。

读句子，猜猜他是谁？

He is a player who is very famous in the world.

Heplaysfootballwhichispopularallovertheworld.

Heisamanwhosewifeisaworld-famoussinger.

He lives in the country where the 2012 Olympic was held.

Hewastheleaderoftheteamintheyearwhenthe18thWorld Cup washeld.

Do you know the reason why he is so famous and successful?

定语从句

定语从句的概念

一、定语的概念

句子中修饰名词或代词的成分叫做定语。定语可以由形容词，名词，不定式，分词，动名词或从句来充当，且定语往往翻译为“…的”。

即学即练

指出下列句子中的定语由何种词句充当：

①I have a pretty dog. 答案：pretty形容词

②He is in the reading room.答案：reading现在分词

二、定语从句的概念

在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词（跑在前面的词），定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词。1)定语从句的结构：

圈出每句中被修饰的名词。

2/ 9

He is a player who is very famous in the world.

Heplaysfootball which ispopularallovertheworld. Heisamanwhosewifeisaworld-famoussinger.

He lives in the country where the 2012 Olympic was held. Hewastheleaderoftheteamintheyear when the18thWorld Cup washeld. Do you know the reason why he is so famous and successful?

指出如下句子的先行词、关系词和定语从句：

The boy who broke the window is Tom ’s brother.

He was the leader of the team in the year when the 18th World Cup was held.

先行词：the boy、the year

关系词：who、when

定语从句：who broke the window is Tom’s brother.when the 18th World Cup was held.

2)为什么有不同的关系词？

He is a player who is very famous in the world.

拆分：He is a player. The player is very famous in the world.（主语）

拆分句子，并观察先行词在从句中充当什么成分。

I have never seen the girl who you mentioned yesterday.

She is the teacher who we want to visit.

即学即练

关系词常有三个作用：

1.引导定语从句

2.代替先行词

3.在定语从句中担当一个成分

结论：在定语从句中，关系词如何选择，关键要看先行词在定语从句中作什么样的成分。但先行词可以是人、物、地点、时间、原因等，所以要区分开讲。

关系代词

常见的关系代词

关系代词先行词句中成分例句

who 人主语，宾语(可

省略)

A teacher is a person who/that passes knowledge to

students.

He is the man( who/ whom/ that) I sawyesterday.

whom 人宾语(可省略) The woman (whom) you met in the street isKate.

whose 人或物定语Please pass me the book whose cover is green. The man

whose son is a doctor is our professor.

which 物主语，宾

语( 可省略)

This is the room in which he lived last year. Football is

a game which/that is liked by most boys.

that 人或物

主语，宾语(可省

略)，表语

Is there anything (that) I can do for you? is learning English over there.

1)I know the boy you often go to school with. father is a teacher.

即学即练

toMike is talking.

costs me 61 Yuan.

2)I like the bookmy father bought for me.

cover is purple.

答案：1）who/that；who/whom/that；whose；whom 2）which/that；which/that；whose

1.易用who不用that的情况

①先行词是指人的不定代词，如one，anyone，onone，all等，或先行词为those指人时。

The student you should learn from is the one who works hard an studies well.

②引导非限制性定语从句时。

The famous film star, who tries to make a comeback, draws a lot of attention.

③一个句子中带有两个定语从句，且先行词都为人时，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that，另一个一般应用who。

The boy that you meet last night is the group leader who studies very

2.宜用that不用which的情况

口诀：这里不日重赘二表婿

①这当主句以here，there开头时。

?Here is a hotel that you’ve been looking for.

②不不定代词后，如something，anything， everything，much, few, none, all等。

?All that glitters is not gold. 闪闪发光的并不都是金子/人不可貌相

③日the，有几个短语 the only, the just, the very, the right，thelast等后。

?You are the right person that I want to see.

④重重复，如果前面有which或who，后面不要再出现which或who，而要用that引导定语从句。

?Which is the true story that he told us?

⑤赘最高级，前面如果有最高级，后面要用that引导定语从句。

?This is the most interesting movie that I have seen this year.

⑥二人+物，先行词是人和物的时候，后面要用that引导定语从句。

?They are talking about the people and the thing that they can remember.

⑦表当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词本身在定语从句中也作表语时。

?The city is no longer the place that it used to be.

⑧婿序数词，前面如果有序数词，后面要用that引导定语从句。

?This is the third book that i have finished this year.

3.宜用which不用that的情况

①在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词前时。

?This is the room in which he lives.

②引导非限制性定语从句时。

?Tom came back, which made us very happy.

③在限制性定语从句中，如果有两个定语从句，其中前句的关系代词是that，那么后一句的关系代词就要用 which。

?Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library

which was newly ope.

做题两步走：

1.找到从句划括号：连接词起，第二个动词前止。

2.根据成分选连词

一看指人还是物，二看介词在何处；

三看充当啥成分，四看是否属特殊。

4.先行词是句子（非限制性定语从句）

常见的固定表达有:

as we all know正如大家所知as is well-know众所周知

as often happens这经常发生as is often the case情况总是如此

as(is) mentioned above如上所述as has been said before如前所述

as I can remember正如我所记得的as has been pointed out正如已经指出的

as may be imagined正如可以想象出来的那样

as we expect/ as is expected正如我们预料的那样

拓展：

(1)as用作关系代词，既可指人，也可指物。在定语从句中可作主语、宾语、表语。限制性定

语从句中，它常在so/such…as…、the same…as…等结构中，as不能省略。

?There is no such place as you dream of in this world.

I have the same trouble as you have.

(2)当先行词被thesame修饰时，也可用that引导定语从句。用that引导时指同一物，as

引导指同类。

?This is the same bike that l lost two months ago.

这就是两个月前我丢的那辆自行车。

?This is the same bike as I lost two months ago.

这辆自行车像我两个月前丢的那辆。

(3)先行词前有such或as修饰时，从句用as引导，构成”such…as…"结构引导的定语从

句，而"such/so..that.."结构意为"如此…以至于…，引导结果状语从句。

翻译：

?She is such a good teacher as everyone respects. 答案：她是一个人人都尊敬的好老师。

?She is such a good teacher that everyone respects her.答案：她是一个好老师，人人都尊敬的。

5.先行词是代词

先判断其指代人还是指代物，再决定用哪个引导词

?I don’t like those who talk much but do little.

?The sleeping tigers are bigger than those which are trained there.

即学即练

二、填空题

1)The man coat is black is waiting at the gate.

2)Her sister,______ you met at my home, was a teacher of English.

3)These book are for students mother language is not English.

4)Please tell me from you borrowed the English novel.

5)This is the person you are looking for.

6)That tree, __________ branches are almost bare, is very old.

7)The basketball_________I bought yesterday cost me 80 yuan.

8)English is the most difficult subject you will learn during these years.

9)The bike and its rider had run over (撞倒了)an old man were taken to the police

station.

10)You should hand in all you have.

答案：

一、将下列句子合并为定语从句

1)The boys who/that are playing football are from Class One.

2)I found the letter which/that came yesterday.

3)The man who/that/whom you met just now is my friend.

4)This is the pen which/that he bought yesterday.

5)I helped the man whose car wad broken.

二、填空题

1)whose

2)who/that/whom

3)whose

4)whom

5)who/that/whom

6)whose

7)which/that

8)that

9)that

10)taht

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四种名词性从句(宾语从句、主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句)讲解与练习 ◆学习宾语从句 学习宾语从句的连词、语序、时态和各种变化及特殊用法(直接引证变间接引语也在 宾语从句的基础上还要进行人称、状语、少数动词和句型的变化)是为学习其它三种名词性从句(主从、表从、同位从)做铺垫，连词、语序、时态基本相同，只是后三种考点相对宾.语从句少的多，主要是对连词的应用进行考查。所以学好宾语从句是必要的。 宾语从句三注意三特殊 一注意:注意引导词(连词) 由陈述句转化而来的宾语从句，引导词为that，that 在口语或非正式文体中可省略;由 一般疑问句转化而来的宾语从句，引导词为if或whether;由特殊疑问句转化而来的宾语从句，引导词为句子本身的特殊疑问词，即what, when，where 等。 Eg：Tom says(that)he will fly to Beijing tomorrow. 汤姆说他明天将要坐飞机去北京 二注意:注意从句语序. 宾语从句的语序应该为陈述句语序即“主语+谓语+宾语+其他”。也就是说将疑问句转化成宾语从句时，一定要将疑问句语序转变成陈述句语序。 Can you tell me what he is doing能告诉我他正在做什么吗? <特别提醒>当疑问句在宾语从句中做主语时，语序不变。 Eg：Do you know what makes him so angry? 你知道什么事使他如此生气吗？ <特别提醒>如果宾语从句表示的是客观真理或是科学事实，其谓语动词仍用一般现在.时态。 Eg：Our teacher told us that the sun is much bigger than the moon. 老师告诉我们说太阳比月球大得多。 ◆主语从句(与宾词从句连词、语序、时态相同。只是不能用if, that 不可省;) (一)、主语从句是一个句子，在句子中作主语成分。 (二)，主语从句的特点 1.与宾语从句使用同样的连接词，只是if不能用; 1)、陈述句用that。 2)、一般疑问句用whether。 3)、特殊疑问句用特殊疑问词what, which, who,when, where, why, how等词引导。 2.以it为形式主语出现 Eg：1.It's true that the earth is round. That the earth is round is true. 2.表是否的意思时，不能用if代替whether. It hasn't been decided whether he'll come or not. Whether he'll come or not hasn't been decided. 3.从句语序为主谓宾正常语序。 Why didn't he come? Why he didn't come is not known. （三）特殊疑问词变化 Whoever=no matter who=any one who Whomever=no matter who=any one who