全国在职研究生考试英语二卷

二卷模拟答案

Section A

Directions:Translate the following passage into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.

Discoveries in science and technology are thought by many to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents: Sir Isaac Newton noticed the falling apple in his garden and came forth with the gravitation law. This notion is obviously not true. Sir Alexander Fleming did not, as legend would have it, look at the mold on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then. In fact, he had experimented with antibacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery. Inventions and innovations almost always come out of laborious trial and error. Innovation, as well as inventions, is like soccer; even the best players

miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score.

Section B

Directions:Translate the following passage into English. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.

自然界开始了一次新的实验。人类不再只是能适应某一特定的环境，而是获得了能适应

任何环境的能力。他们分散到世界各地，在迁移中不断变化，直到成为在地球上分布最广的

物种。人类在身体和文化方面都适应于他们迁入的新环境。居住在赤道附近的人为了在强烈

日光下保护自己，渐渐地有了黑色皮肤。迁移到寒冷地带的人为了利用阳光合成维生素D，

渐渐地有了较为白皙的皮肤。住在寒冷而干燥地区的人们长得矮胖，以便保存热量；住在干

燥而炎热地区的人们长得高瘦，以便使热量容易散发。

答案：

Section A

很多人认为科技发现是灵光一闪，或戏剧化事件的产物：艾萨克·牛顿爵士在花园中注意到了苹果落地，从而发现了万有引力定律。很显然，这一观点并不正确。弗莱明爵士并不如传闻所言那样，看到一片奶酪上的霉菌，在当时当地就想到（发明）了抗生素盘尼西林。事实上，他做了九年之久的抗细菌物质的实验，终于才有了他的发现。发现和革新总是来自于勤勉的“试误”实验。革新和发明就像是足球赛，即使是最好的选手也会射不进球，他们射门受阻的次数远远大于射门得分的次数。

Section B

Nature began a new experiment. Instead of adapting to a specific environment, man has the capacity to adapt himself to any specific environment. They spread throughout the globe, changing as they moved, until they became the most widely distributed species on the earth. Man adapted physically as well as culturally to the new surroundings into which he moved. People who lived near equator developed dark skin to protect themselves from strong sunlight; people who moved to colder climates developed light skin to take advantage of the sunlight for the synthesis of vitamin D; people in cold dry climates became stocky to conserve heat. People in hot dry climates tended to become tall and thin to dissipate heat.

Paper Two 试卷二

(60 minutes)

PartⅠ Translation (30 minutes, 20 points, 10 points for each section)

Section A

Directions:Translate the following passage into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.

The theory of social Darwinism generally claims that individuals, groups and peoples or cultures are subject to the same Darwinian laws of natural selection as are plants and animals. The theory holds that“superior”individuals or groups survived and succeeded while the inferior disappeared, with a consequent benefit to society, and that the existing order must be the natural one. Any individual, group or institution that survives the struggle to exist over a long period of time is regarded as having displayed evidence for its own“natural”superiority and legitimacy, similar to the Darwinian concept of“survival of the fittest”. In history, this theory has been questioned because it could be easily used to justify political conservatism, imperialism, and racism.

Section B

Directions: Translate the following passage into English. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.

病人在医院里是最重要的人物。医院一切活动的设计都是为了照料病人而进行的。医院

里的病人经常对将要发生的事担忧。每一位医生应该明白，在他们看来是属于日常性惯例的

程序，病人并不熟悉。所有的人都有日常的基本需求。每个病人都是有不同需求的个体，这

需求取决于他们的特殊病情或条件。重要的是，医院应能满足这样的需求。一般来说，(病人)有两种基本的需求：物质上的和情感上的。

答案：

Section A

社会达尔文主义者认为，正如动、植物一样，个人、团体、民族或文化同样受制于达尔文的“自然选择，优胜劣汰”的法则。该理论认为，优越的个体或团体会存活下来并得以传承，而卑劣的个体或团体就会消失，其结果是有益于整个社会，也就是说，现存的秩序也一定是大自然的秩序。任何一个在生存竞争中幸存了较长一段时间的个人、团体和机构都会被认为他们展现了自己的自然优势和遗传优势，这正类似达尔文主义“适者生存”的进化论观点。纵观历史，该理论一直受到质疑。因为它容易被用来使政治保守主义、帝国主义、种族主义合情合理。

Section B

The patient is the most important person in a hospital. Hospital activities are planned to function around the care of the patient. The patient in hospital often worries about what is to happen. Every doctor should understand that procedures which are routine to them are not familiar to the patient. All people have basic, daily needs. Each patient is an individual with different needs, which depend on their special illness or condition. It is important for the hospital to meet such needs. In general, there are two basic classes of needs: physical and emotional.

PartⅠ Tran.4ation (30 minutes, 20 points, 10 points for each section)

Section A

Directions:Translate the following passage into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.

Food price inflation has aroused growing concern worldwide. There is rising price pressure for major grains in China this year as a result of deficient supplies, soaring agricultural produce costs and fluctuations on the international futures markets. The extreme weather this past winter and severe drought that hit northern China this spring, will make it harder to ensure grain supplies.

As our country is mainly self-sufficient in grains, rising rice prices on the global markets will not have much impact domestically. China can keep grain prices stable amid supply shortages and rising agricultural costs thanks to our abundant grain reserves.

Section B

Direetions:Translate the following passage into English. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.

展望新世纪初的国内外形势，未来五到十年是我国经济和社会发展极为重要的时期。世

界新科技革命迅猛发展，经济全球化趋势增强，许多周边国家正在加快发展。所有这些既为

我们带来了严峻挑战，也为我们提供了历史性机遇。

答案：

Section A

食品价格飞涨已经引起了世界的广泛关注。由于食品供应不足，农场品成本提高以及国际期货市场的波动，今年中国的粮食价格有上涨的压力。去年冬季天气恶劣、今年春季中国北方遭受了严重的干旱，使保证粮食供应更加困难。

由于

由于我国的粮食主要是自给自足，国际市场上涨的粮食价格不会对国内有太大影响。由于有充足的粮食贮备，中国可以在供应短缺和农产品成本提高的情况下保持粮食价格的稳定。

Section B

Looking ahead at the situation at home and abroad at the beginning of the 21st century, it can be said that next five to ten years will be an extremely important period for China’s economic and social development. The worldwide new scientific and technological revolution is progressing rapidly with great momentum. The economic globalization trend is gaining strength. Many neighbouring countries are accelerating their development. All this serves as a severe challenge as well as a historic opportunity.

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