青岛大学考研真题基础英语(1)2011

青岛大学2011年硕士研究生入学试题

科目代码：__607___ 科目名称：基础英语（1）(共10页)

请写明题号，将答案全部写在答题纸上，答在试卷上无效

PART I VOCABULARY AND STRUCTURE (40 points)

Choose one of the four answers that best completes the sentence.

1. The English language contains a of words which are comparatively

seldom used in ordinary conversation.

A. latitude

B. multitude

C. magnitude

D. longitude

2. Jack is not very decisive, and he always finds himself in a as if he

doesn’t know what he really wants to do.

A. fantasy

B. dilemma

C. contradiction

D. conflict

3. Psychologists have done extensive studies on how well patients __________

with doctors’ orders.

A. comply

B. correspond

C. interfere

D. interact

4. The politician says he will __________ the welfare of the people.

A. prey on

B. take on

C. get at

D. see to

5. The famous scientist _______his success to hard work.

A. imparted

B. granted

C. ascribed

D. acknowledged

6. The______ from childhood to adulthood is always critical time for everybody.

A. conversion

B. transition

C. turnover

D. transformation

7. The medicine __________ his pain but did not care his illness.

A. activated

B. alleviated

C. mediated

D. deteriorated

8. Up until that time his interest had _______ focused almost on fully mastering the

skills and techniques of his craft.

A. restrictively

B. radically

C. inclusively

D. exclusively

9. After four years in the same job his enthusiasm finally ______.

A. deteriorated

B. dispersed

C. dissipated

D. drained

10. No one can function properly if they are _______ of adequate sleep.

A. deprived

B. ripped

C. stripped

D. contrived

11. The prospect of increased prices has already ______ worries.

A. provoked

B. irritated

C. inspired

D. hoisted

12. Imposing steep fines on employers for on-the-job injuries to workers could be

an effective________ to creating a safer workplace, especially in the case of

employers with poor safety records.

A. alternative

B. addition

C. deterrent

D. incentive

13. The disjunction between educational objectives that stress independence and

individuality and those that emphasize obedience to rules and cooperation with others reflects a _________ that arises from the values on which these objectives are based.

A. conflict

B. redundancy

C. gain

D. predictability

14. A misconception frequently held by novice writers is that sentence structure

mirrors thought: the more convoluted the structure, the more_________ the ideas.

A. complicated

B. elementary

C. fanciful

D. inconsequential

15. When a psychologist does a general experiment about the human mind, he

selects

people __________ and ask them questions.

A. at length

B. at random

C. in essence

D. in bulk

16. In fact as he approached this famous statue, he only barely resisted the

________to reach into his bag for his camera.

A. impatience

B. impulse

C. incentive

D. initiative

17. Hill slopes are cleared of forests to make way for crops, but this only _______

the crisis.

A. precedes

B. prevails

C. ascends

D. accelerates

18. Very few people could understand the lecture the professor delivered because its

subject was very_______.

A. obscure

B. indefinite

C. dubious

D. intriguing

19. Contrary to the popular conception that it is powered by conscious objectivity,

science often operates through error, happy accidents,__________ and persistence in spite of mistakes.

A. controls

B. hunches

C. deductions

D. calculations

20. Contrary to the antiquated idea that the eighteenth century was a _________

Island of elegant assurance, evidence reveals that life for most people was filled with uncertainty and insecurity.

A. tranquil

B. clannish

C. declining

D. recognized

21. David likes country life and has decided to __________ farming.

A. go in for

B. go back on

C. go through with

D. go along with

22. A subway modernization program intended to________ a host of problems

ranging from dangerous tracks to overcrowded stairwells has failed to meet its schedule for repairs.

A. initiate

B. deplore

C. disclose

D. eliminate

23.Challenging James Baldwin, who wrote of Black Americans as being in a

perpetual state of rage, Mr. Cose remarks that few human beings could_________ the psychic toll of uninterrupted anger.

A. enhance

B. refine

C. survive

D. refute

24. A diligent scholar, she devoted herself_________ to the completion of the book.

A. assiduously

B. ingenuously

C. theoretically

D. sporadically

25. A hypothesis must not only account for what we already know, but it must also

be________ by continued observation.

A. interrupted

B. verified

C. discredited

D. refuted

26. A leading philosopher of our time, Ludwig Wittgenstein, laid down a rule to

which good historians _______ : “ Of that of which nothing is known nothing can be said.”

A. protect

B. amend

C. adhere

D. succumb

27. A major outbreak of food poisoning in 1993 underlined the serious________ in

the then-current system of food inspection.

A. expectations

B. innovations

C. deficiencies

D. objectivity

28. A man incapable of ________ action, he never had an opinion about something

that he had not worked up beforehand, fashioning it with lengthy care.

A. self-conscious

B. spontaneous

C. coherent

D. calculated

29. A sense of fairness dictates that the punishment should fit the crime, yet in

actual practice, judicial decisions _________ greatly for the same type of criminal offense.

A. coincide

B. simplify

C. compromise

D. vary

30. According to the Senator, it was not hypocrisy for a politician in search of votes

to _______ a mother on the beauty of her plain child; it was merely sound political common sense.

A. ridicule

B. intimidate

C. compliment

D. Evaluate

31. Although a few of her contempories _______ her book, most either ignored it or

mocked it.

A. dismissed

B. appreciated

C. disregarded

D. deprecated

32. Although he had the numerous films to his credit and a reputation for technical

expertise, the moviemaker lacked originality, all his films were sadly _______ of the work of others.

A. independent

B. derivative

C. unconscious

D. contradictory

33. Although, as wife of President John Adams, Abigail Adams sought a greater

voice for women, she was not a feminist in modern sense, she _______ the traditional view of women as “beings placed by Providence” under male protection.

A. anticipated

B. regretted

C. accepted

D. repudiated

34. American culture now stigmatizes, and sometimes even heavily _______

behavior that was once taken for granted: overt racism, cigarette smoking the use of sexual stereotypes.

A. penalizes

B. advocates

C. ignores

D. advertises

35. Social scientist have established fairly clear-cut _______ that describe the

appropriate behavior of children and adults, but there seem to be confusion about what constitutes appropriate behavior for adolescents.

A. functions

B. norms

C. regulations

D. rigidity

36. After reading numbers of biographies recounting dysfunctions and disasters,

failed marriages and failed careers, Joyce Carol Oates _______ a word to describe the genre: pathography, the story of diseased lives.

A. dismissed

B. hypothesized

C. coined

D. reiterated

37. All critics have agreed that the opera’s score is _______, but curiously ,no two

critics have agreed which passages to praise and which to damn.

A. intolerable

B. unsurpassed

C. conventional

D. uneven

38. The ________ of a cultural phenomenon is usually a logical consequence of

some physical aspect in the life style of the people.

A. implementation

B. manifestation

C. demonstration

D. expedition

39. Although Henry was not in general a sentimental man, occasionally he would

feel a touch of _______ for the old days and would contemplate making a brief

excursion to Boston to revisit.

A. anxiety

B. aspiration

C. nostalgia

D. inspiration

40. Although Josephine Tey is arguably as good a mystery writer as Agatha Christie,

she is clearly far less________ than Christie, having only written six books in comparison to Christie as sixty.

A. coherent

B. prolific

C. equivocal

D. Pretentious

PART II WRITTEN EXPRESSION （10 points）

Directions: Each sentence in the following has four underlined words or phrases. The four underlined parts of the sentence are marked (A), (B), (C), (D). Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct. Then, on your answer sheet, write down your answer.

Example

Serving several term in Congress, Shirley Chisholm became an important United

A B C

States politician.

D

The sentence should read, “Serving several terms in Congress, Shirley Chisholm became an important United States politician.” Therefore, you should choose (B).

1. The main attractive at Sequoia National Park is thirty-five groves of giant

A B C

sequoias, the largest living things in the world.

D

2. In films, optical printing can be combined with blue-screen photography for

A B

produce such special effects as characters seeming to fly through the air.

C D

3. The developed countries of the world are using up valuable resources at a rate

A B C unprecedented human history.

D

4.Over the entirely surface of the Earth, there is not a cubic inch of air nor an ounce

A B C

of soil in which water is not present.

D

5. Periods of sleep are necessary for the preservation of life, and while such periods

A B

the body apparently recuperates from the effects of waking activity.

C D

6. Electricity is the phenomenon associated with positively and negatively

A

particles charged of matter at rest and in motion, either individually or in great numbers.

B C D

7.The Mayo Clinic, one of the world’s largest medical center, was founded in 1889

A

in Rochester, Minnesota, as a voluntary association of physicians.

B C D

8. The planet Venus is comparing with Earth in terms of size, mass, and density, but

A B

has a thick carbon dioxide atmosphere, a slow rotation, and no moon.

C D

9. Art criticism of late-nineteenth and early-twentieth-century North America

examined the degree to which sculpture embraced the spiritually values that were

A B C

ideal for that period.

D

10. Fewest of her poems were published during her lifetime, but when they were

A B C

rediscovered in the 1920’s, Emily Dickinson became known as a major writer.

D

PART III READING COMPREHENSION (30 Points)

In this section there are three reading passages followed by a total of fifteen multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then write your answers on your answer sheet.

Passage 1

Social critics and the general public in the United States have blamed television for every social ill from declining academic performance to juvenile delinquency. Concentrating on the negatives, however, sometimes leads people to ignore the equally important questions about the positive contributions television does make or could make. Clearly, the content of television can be beneficial or harmful. What about the medium of television itself?

Some contend that television as a medium engenders intellectual passivity, displaces creative and intellectually demanding activities, and interferes with schoolwork. The evidence does not support the worst fears of television's critics. Television displaces some activities, but primarily those that are functionally similar to it. Television viewing is associated with low school achievement and low reading ability, but these effects appear to be due to or confounded by other variables such as time spent viewing. On the positive side, properly designed television can teach reading skills and motivate children to read.

Television does not inherently encourage passivity, intellectual or physical. People can watch television actively or passively. Young children's patterns of attention and learning from television demonstrate that when they are absorbed in television they are mentally active and selective. They think about and evaluate what they are seeing. However, the predominance of "pure entertainment" on television in the United States eventually leads viewers to adopt an attitude that television requires little mental effort because they believe the medium is undemanding and are

confirmed in this view by the banal nature of many programs.

Television formats, forms, and production techniques can be used to stimulate viewers to think actively about what they are viewing or to interact with the program. Children learn to "read" the production cues denoting interesting and comprehensible content. Well-placed special effects can direct attention, formats can signal important content, and production features can emphasize content messages. These techniques are used in good educational programs to maximize viewer involvement.

1.The author mentions "declining academic performance" in line 2 in order to

A.describe how it contributes to juvenile delinquency.

B.argue that television causes a reduction in brain cells.

C.support teachers' efforts to limit television viewing.

D.give an example of a consequence attributed to television viewing.

2.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as an effect of excessive

viewing?

television

A. Neglect of schoolwork

B.Replacement of more challenging activities

C. Intellectual passivity

D.Damage to eyesight

3.The author suggests that children who learn to read through television.

A.absorb more information from television than from schoolwork.

B.are more sight-oriented than sound-oriented.

C.watch television more actively than is commonly believed.

D.have a difficult time transferring their reading skills to books.

4.The author believes that viewers have a negative opinion of television in the United

because

States

A.it tends to shorten the attention span of children.

B.it is largely devoted to entertaining programming.

C.its programs are frequently interrupted by technical problems.

D.it contributes to low self-esteem.

5.What is the main idea of the last paragraph?

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/0f8543947.html,cational programs are difficult to produce.

B.Television formats have undergone few changes in the past decade.

C.Television programming can be designed to increase viewer involvement.

D.Special effects on television have replaced the role of the imagination.

Passage 2

In some countries where racial prejudice is acute, violence has so come to be taken for granted as a means of solving differences, that it is not even questioned. There are countries where the white man imposes his rule by brute force; there are countries where the black man protests by setting fire to cities and by looting and pillaging. Important people on both sides, who would in other respects, appear to be reasonable men, get up and calmly argue in favor of violence – as if it were a legitimate solution, like any other. What is really frightening, what really fills you

with despair, is the realization that when it comes to the crunch, we have made no actual progress at all. We may wear collars and ties instead of war-paint, but our instincts remain basically unchanged. The whole of the recorded history of the human race, that tedious documentation of violence, has taught us absolutely nothing. We have still not learnt that violence never solves a problem but makes it more acute. The sheer horror, the bloodshed, the suffering mean nothing. No solution ever comes to light the morning after when we dismally contemplate the smoking ruins and wonder what hit us.

The truly reasonable men who know where the solutions lie are finding it harder and harder to get a hearing. They are despised, mistrusted and even persecuted by their own kind because they advocate such apparently outrageous things as law enforcement. If half the energy that goes into violent acts were put to good use, if our efforts were directed at cleaning up the slums and ghettos, at improving living-standards and providing education and employment for all, we would have gone a long way to arriving at a solution. Our strength is sapped by having to mop up the mess that violence leaves in its wake. In a well-directed effort, it would not be impossible to fulfill the ideals of a stable social program. The benefits that can be derived from constructive solutions are everywhere apparent in the world around us. Genuine and lasting solutions are always possible, providing we work within the framework of the law.

Before we can even begin to contemplate peaceful co-existence between the races, we must appreciate each other's problems. And to do this, we must learn about them: it is a simple exercise in communication, in exchanging information. "Talk, talk, talk," the advocates of violence say, "all you ever do is talk, and we are none the wiser." It's rather like the story of the famous barrister who painstakingly explained his case to the judge. After listening to a lengthy argument the judge complained that after all this talk, he was none the wiser. "Possible, my lord," the barrister replied, "none the wiser, but surely far better informed." Knowledge is the necessary prerequisite to wisdom: the knowledge that violence creates the evils it pretends to solve.

6. What is the best title for this passage?

A. Advocating Violence.

B. Violence Can Do Nothing to Diminish Race Prejudice.

C. Important People on Both Sides See Violence As a Legitimate Solution.

D. The Instincts of Human Race Are Thirsty for Violence

7. Recorded history has taught us

A. violence never solves anything.

B. nothing.

C. the bloodshed means nothing.

D. everything.

8. It can be inferred that truly reasonable men

A. can't get a hearing.

B. are looked down upon.

C. are persecuted.

D. Have difficulty in advocating law enforcement.

9. "He was none the wiser" means

A. he was not at all wise in listening.

B. He was not at all wiser than nothing before.

C. He gains nothing after listening.

D. He makes no sense of the argument.

10. According the author the best way to solve race prejudice is

A. law enforcement.

B. knowledge.

C. nonviolence.

D. Mopping up the violent

Passage 3

Roger Rosenblatt’s book Black Fiction, in attempt to apply literary rather than sociopolitical criteria to its subject, successfully alters the approach taken by most previous studies. As Rosenblatt notes, criticism of Black writing has often served as a pretext for expounding on Black history. Addition Gayle’s recent book, for example, judges the value of Black fiction by overtly political standards, rating each work according to the notions of Black identity which it put forward.

Although fiction assuredly springs from political circumstances, its authors react to those circumstances in ways other than ideological, and talking about novels and stories primarily as instruments of ideology circumvents (围绕) much of the fictional enterprise. Rosenblatt’s literary analysis discloses affinities and connections among works of Black fiction which solely political studies have overlooked or ignored.

Writing acceptable criticism of Black fiction, however, presupposes giving satisfactory answers to a number of questions. First of all, is there a sufficient reason, other than the racial identity of the authors, to group together works by Black authors? Second, how does Black fiction make itself distinct from other modern fiction with which it is largely contemporaneous （同时代的）? Rosenblatt shows that Black fiction constitutes a distinct body of writing that has an identifiable, coherent literary tradition. Looking at novels written by Blacks over the last eighty years, he discovers recurring concerns and designs independent of chronology. These structures are thematic, and they spring, not surprisingly, from the central fact that the Black characters in these novels exist in a predominantly White culture, whether they try to conform to that culture or rebel against it.

Black Fiction does leave some aesthetic questions open. Rosenblatt’s thematic analysis permits considerable objectivity; he even explicitly states that it is not his intention to judge the merit of the various works, yet his reluctance seems misplaced, especially since an attempt to appraise might have led to interesting results. For instance, some of the novels appear to be structurally diffuse （冗长的）. Is this a defect, or are the authors working out of, or trying to forge, a different kind of aesthetic? In addition, the style of some Black novels, like Jean Toomer’s Cane, is inclined to expressionism or surrealism; does this technique provide a counterpoint to

the prevalent theme that portrays the fate against which Black heroes are pitted, a theme usually conveyed by more naturalistic modes of expression?

In spite of such omissions, what Rosenblatt does include in his discussion makes for an astute and worthwhile study. Black Fiction surveys a wide variety of novels, bringing to our attention in the process some fascinating and little known works like James Weldon Johnson’s Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man. Its argument is tightly constructed, and its forthright, lucid style exemplifies levelheaded and penetrating criticism.

11.The author of the passage objects to criticism of Black Fiction like that by

Addison Gayle because it

A.emphasizes purely literary aspects of such fiction.

B.misinterprets the ideological content of such fiction.

C.misunderstands the notions of Black identity contained in such fiction.

D.substitutes political standards for literary criteria in evaluating such fiction.

12.The author of the passage is primarily concerned with

A.evaluating the soundness of a work of criticism.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/0f8543947.html,paring various critical approaches to a subject.

C.discussing the limitations of a particular kind of criticism.

D.summarizing the major points made in a work of criticism.

13.The author of the passage believes that Black Fiction would have been improved

If Rosenblatt had

A.evaluated more carefully the ideological and historical aspects of Black

Fiction

B.attempted to be more objective in his approach to novels and stories by Black

authors

C.explored in greater detail the recurrent thematic concerns of Black Fiction

throughout its history.

D.assessed the relative literary merit of the novels he analyzes thematically.

14.The author’s discussion of Black Fiction can be best described as

A.pedantic and contentious

B.critical but admiring

C.ironic and insincere

D.argumentative but unfocused

15.It can be inferred that the author of the passage would be LEAST likely to

approve of which of the following?

A.An analysis of the influence of political events on the personal ideology of

Black writers.

B. A critical study that applies sociopolitical criteria to autobiographies by black

authors.

C. A literary study of Black poetry that appraises the merits of poems according

to the political acceptability of their themes.

D.An examination of the growth of a distinct Black literary tradition within the

context of Black history.

PART IV TRANSLATION FROM ENGLISH INTO CHINESE (30 Points) Opera is expensive: that much is inevitable. But expensive things are not inevitably the province of the rich unless we abdicate society’s power of choice. We can choose to make opera, and other expensive forms of culture, accessible to those who cannot individually pay for it. The question is: why should we? Nobody denies the imperatives of food, shelter, defense, health and education. But even in a prehistoric cave, mankind stretched out a hand not just to eat, drink or fight, but also to draw. The impulse towards culture, the desire to express and explore the world through imagination and representation is fundamental. In Europe, this desire has found fulfillment in the masterpieces of our music, art, literature and theatre. These masterpieces are the touchstones （试金石）for all our efforts; they are the touchstones for the possibilities to which human thought and imagination may aspire; they carry the most profound messages that can be sent from one human to another. PART V WRITING (40 Points)

Some surveys show that Chinese students prefer government jobs to enterprise jobs. Chinese students should be encouraged to choose challenging jobs, not the safe, cautious government “golden rice bowls” that they prefer. Do you agree or disagree? State your opinions.

In the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement and in the second part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary. You should supply an appropriate title for your essay.

Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar, diction and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.

2012年青岛大学护理综合真题

青岛大学2012年硕士研究生入学考试试题 科目代码： 308 科目名称：护理综合（共23页） 请考生写明题号，将答案全部答在答题纸上，答在试卷上无效 一、单项选择题：（180分，每题1.5分） 1.系统理论中最基本的观点是 A.层次性 B.相关性 C.整体性 D.动态性 E.静态性 2.下列有关罗伊适应模式的描述，正确的是 A.人是一个适应系统，只具有生物属性 B.效应者适应表现在生理功能和自我概念 C.适应性反应是指人能够不断适应而保持健康 D.人是一个适应系统，具有生物和社会属性 E.人是通过生理调节维持身体平衡而达到适应 3.某老年病人住院后，经过治疗护理已进入恢复期，但其仍然事事需要护士帮助，否则自己不敢活动，此病人出现的问题可能是 A.病人行为角色紧张 B.病人角色行为强化 C.病人角色行为消退 D.病人角色行为缺如 E.病人角色行为适应 4.一病人准备上午出院，早上查房时，突然发生了心跳骤停，经抢救无效死亡。对该医院应如何处置 A.应负刑事责任 B.应负民事责任 C.应负刑事责任、民事责任和行政责任 D.该情况不属于医疗事故，不需承担责任 E.应负行政责任 5.发生车祸事故的自救和他救属于 A.日常健康行为 B.避免有害环境行为 C.预警行为 D.求医行为 E.保健行为 6.下列关于护患关系的理解不正确的是 A.护患关系是一种帮助与被帮助的关系

B.护患关系是一种治疗关系 C.护患关系是以护士为中心的关系 D.护患关系是在护理活动中形成的 E.护患关系是多方面、多层面的专业性互动关系 7.刘女士，36岁，近来工作中遇到困难，为了保持心情愉快，有时间就出去逛街、购物，有意识不去想烦恼的事，她的行为在心理适应防卫机制中属于 A.否认 B.压抑 C.补偿 D.转移 E.升华 8.李先生，55岁，脑血管意外，长期卧床，无自理能力，根据奥瑞姆的自理模式，这时护士提供的护理应属于何种补偿系统 A.全补偿系统 B.部分补偿系统 C.支持系统 D.教育系统 E.辅助系统 9.某幼儿2岁，穿裤子时经常两腿穿入同一裤腿，其妈妈时常给予斥责，根据艾瑞克森的心理社会发展理论，其长大后可能产生的危机是 A.勤奋对自卑 B.亲密对孤独 C.自主对羞愧 D.完善对失望 E.自我认同对角色混乱 10.在纽曼的健康系统模式中，调节病室的温湿度属于 A.三级预防 B.一级预防 C.二级预防 D.促进舒适 E.维持健康 11.护理记录单常采用PIO形式，其中“O”代表的意义是 A.健康问题 B.护理诊断 C.护理目标 D.护理计划实施的效果 E.护理措施 12.应用评判性思维解决临床问题时，护士独立地分析和检验选择问题， 依据具体问题进行分析决定，这种判断属于评判性思维哪个层次 A.尽职层次 B.基础层次 C.分析层次 D.复杂层次 E.认知层次 13.患者王某，女性，6l岁。高血压，脑卒中，右侧肢体感觉障碍，给患 者50℃水温的热水袋，其目的是避免 A.温度性损伤 B.医源性损伤 C.压力性损伤 D.生物性损伤 E.放射性损伤

青岛大学考研真题护理综合2011

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青岛大学护理考研综合2011(副本)

青岛大学2011 年硕士研究生入学考试试题 科目代码___308______科目名称____护理综合______(共21 页) 请考生写明题号，将答案全部答在答题纸上,答在试卷上无效. 一、单项选择题：（180 分，每题1.5 分） 1. 现代医学模式是指 A．生物医学模式B．生物、心理、社会医学模式 C．生物、生理、社会医学模式D．生物、生理、心理医学模式E．生理、心理医学模式 2. 作为护理程序结构框架的理论是 A. 信息论B．系统论 C. Orem 自护理论 D. 控制论 E. 人类基本需要层次论 3. 2008年5月12 日起施行的我国第一部有关护理的卫生行政法规是A．《护士法》B．《护士条例》C．《护士管理条例》 D．《中华人民共和国护理管理办法》E．《护士管理法》 4. 患者女，32 岁，因高热、呼吸困难2 天入院，诊断为“肺炎”。护理体检：精神萎靡，体温39℃，呼吸困难，铁锈色痰。下列对该患者护理 诊断的描述，正确的是 A. 肺炎球菌肺炎 B. 高热 C. 食欲下降与高热有关 D. 体温过高与致病菌引起肺部感染有关 E. 支气管肺炎 5. 早期诊断、及时治疗应属于纽曼的哪一级预防 A. 初级预防 B. 二级预防 C.三级预防 D. 自我保护 E. 心理与生理防卫 6．用奥瑞姆自理模式护理患者时，护理系统的选择取决于 A．医生医嘱B．患者自理能力C．病房护土编制 D．患者的病情E．患者的自理需求 7. 在护患关系建立初期，护患关系发展的主要任务是 A．对病人收集资料B．确定病人的健康问题 C．为病人制定护理计划D．与病人建立信任关系 E．为病人解决健康问题 8. 下列哪项不符合医院健康教育的原则 A．要保证教育内容科学、准确、详实 B．应在全面评估教育对象的基础上，制定具有针对性的健康教育计划C．要由浅入深，由简到繁，从具体到抽象，循序渐进地开展健康教育D．为了将健康教育计划落实，必要时可采取强制手段 E．可以运用现代技术手段，如照片、影像等生动地表现教学内容 9. 以下哪项不属于个体发展性的自护需要 A. 怀孕期的自护需要 B. 儿童期的自护需要 C. 青春期的自护需要 D. 失去至亲时的调整 E. 生病时的诊疗需要 10. 肿瘤病人常在刚得知自己被诊断为肿瘤时，第一反应是“那不是真的，一定是搞错了”，他采用的心理防御机制是 A. 否认 B. 合理化 C. 转移 B 投射 E. 认同 11. 护理诊断PES 公式中的S 代表 A．病人的健康问题B．症状或体征C．原因