美国文学史习题 (1)

I. Multiple choice. Please choose the best answer among the four

items. (10 x 1’= 10’)

1. In American literature, the 18th century was the age of Enlightenment. ____ was the dominant.

2. The short story “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” is taken from Irving’s work named ____.

3.

Which of the following is not the characteristic of American Romanticism?

4. The short story “Rip Van Winkle” reveals the __ attitude of its author.

5.Stylistically, Henry James’ fiction is characterized by ___.

6.Transcendentalist doctrines found their greatest literary

advocates in ___ and Thoreau.

7.Which is regarded as the “Declaration of Intellectual

Independence”?

8.____ is considered Mark Twain’s greatest achievement.

9.___ is

not among those greatest figures in “Lost Generation”.

writing becomes less serious and less sympathetic but more ironic

and more ___.

11.______ is the father of American Literature.

12._____ is a fantasy tale about a man who somehow stepped outside the

main stream of life.

13._____ was the most leading spirit of the Transcendental Club.

14.Which of following is NOT a typical feature of Mark Twain’s

language?

From Thoreau’s jail experience, came his famous essay, _____ which states his belief that no man should violate his conscience at the command of a government.

A. Walden

B. Nature

C. Civil Disobedience

D. Common Sense

16.Which is regarded as the “Declaration of Intellectual

Independence”?

17.Most of the poems in Whitman’s Leaves of Grass sing of the “en

-mass” and the ____ as well.

18.What did Fitzgerald call the 1920s?

19.Naturalism is evolved from realism when the author’s tone in writing becomes less serious and less sympathetic but more ironic and more ____.

20.For Melville, as well as for the reader and ____, the narrator, Moby

Dick is still a mystery, an ultimate mystery of the universe.

II. Identify Works as Described Below (1’×15 =15’):

1.The novel has a sole black protagonist who tells his own story but

whose name in unknown to us.

Son Tom’s Cabin Man d. Go Tell It on the Mountains

2.The main conflict of the play is the protagonist’s false value of

fine appearance and popularity with people and the cruel reality of the society in which money is everything.

Street Car Named Desire b. The Hairy Ape Day’s Journey into Night d. Death of Salesman

3.It is an autobiographical play and Edmund in the play is based on

the playwright himself.

a. Long Day’s Journey into Night

b. Henderson the Rain King

c. The Hairy Ape

d. The Glass Menageries

4.The novel tells of how a black man kills a white woman by accident

and how the society is responsible for the murder.

Son Tom’s Cabin Man d. Go Tell It on the Mountains

5._________ is one of the best works in American literature about the

Second World War.

Farewell to Arms Catcher in the Rye Red Badge of Courage

d. The Naked and the Dead

6. The novel by Hemingway is the best of its kind about World War I.

Farewell to Arms Sun Also Rises

Old Man and the Sea d. The Naked and the Dead

7.The novel is about how a family of farmers cannot survive in Oklahoma

and travel to California to seek a living and how they suffer hunger in California.

a.The Grapes of Wrath

b. . A.

d. The Adventures of Augie March

8.It is a trilogy including The 42nd Parallel, 1919, and The Big Money,

with such techniques as biographies, newsreels and camera eye.

9.It is a novel which uses the stream of consciousness technique and

whose title is taken from Shakespeare’s Macbeth.

a. Absolom, Absolom!

b. The Sound and the Fury

Farewell to Arms d. The Great Gatsby

10. It is a naturalistic work about how a country girl is seduced and

how she becomes a famous actress and how her lover falls into a beggar and finally commits suicide.

American Tragedy b. Sister Carrie c. McTeague , A Girl of the Streets

11. The novel is set on the Mississippi with the protagonist telling

us the story in the local dialect. It is a representative work of local colorism.

a.Sister Carrie Adventures of Tom Sawyer

c. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Portrait of a Lady

novel is a psychological study of a soldier (Henry Fleming)’s reactions in the Civil War.

American Tragedy b. Sister Carrie

Red Badge of Courage d. McTeague

13. The poem is written in free verse in 52 cantos with the theme of

the universality and equality in value of all people and all things.

b. The Raven

c. Song of Myself

14. The novel is about how a group of people on a whaling ship kill

a great whale but themselves are killed by the whale, with the

conflict between man and his fate.

Octopus b. Moby-Dick c. The Rise of Silas Lapham d. Leaves of Grass

15. It is a philosophical essay in 8 chapters plus an introduction

mainly concerned with the four uses of nature.

a. Walden

b. Nature

c. The Scarlet Letter

d. The American Scholar

I.Choose the Best Answer for Each of the Following (1’×15=15’):

1.An English ship brought 102 people from Plymouth, England on September 16, 1620 and arrived in the present Provincetown harbor on November 21 in the same year. This ship was named ____________.

a. The Pilgrims

b. Mayflower

c. America

d. Titanic

is father of American drama and in his dramatic career he wrote 49 plays.

a. Tennessee Williams

b. Eugene O’Neill

c. Arthur Miller

d. Elmer Rice

was the first American writer to write entirely American literature.

a. Anne Bradstreet

b. Washington Irving

c. Mark Twain

d. Ernest Hemingway

4. _______ was the leader of American transcendentalism.

a. Benjamin Franklin

b. Washington Irving

c. Ralph Waldo Emerson

d. Henry David Thoreau

the greatest woman poet in American literature and she wrote about 1,700 short lyric poems in her life time.

a. Pearl S. Buck Bicher Stowe c. Emily Dickenson d. Walter Whitman

is father of the detective story and of psychoanalytic criticism.

a. Washington Irving

b. Ralph Waldo Emerson

c. Walt Whitman

d. Edgar Allan Poe

Dean Howells is concerned with the middle class life; ______ writes about the upper class society, and Mark Twain deals with the lower class reality.

a. Stephen Crane

b. Frank Norris

c. Theodore Dreiser

d. Henry James

8. Which of the following is a naturalistic writer?

a. William Dean Howells

b. Mark Twain

c. Ernest Hemingway Dreiser

9. His writings are characterized by simple, colloquial language and

deep thoughts. He is______.

a. Ernest Hemingway

b. William Faulkner

c. F. Scott Fitzgerald

d. Mark Twain

10. He wrote 18 novels all set in Jefferson Town, Yoknapatwapha County

in the deep south. He is ______.

a. William Faulkner

b. John Steinbeck

c. Ernest Hemingway

d. Mark Twain

11. ________is Jewish in origin and in many of his novels the American

Jews are major characters.

a. Sinclair Lewis

b. Saul Bellow

c. Norman Mailer

d. Jerome David Salinger

is often regarded as the greatest American woman poet and she wrote over 1,700 short lyric poems in her life time.

a. Anne Bradstreet

b. Robert Frost

c. .

d. Emily Dickinson is father of American drama and won the Nobel Prize for literature

in 1936.

a. John Steinbeck

b. William Faulkner

c. Eugene O’Neill

d. Arthur Miller

14. He was the first black American to write a book about black life

with great impact on the consciousness of the nation and his masterpiece is one of the three classics about black Americans.

Who is he?

a.Richard Wright

b. Harriet Beecher Stowe

c. Langston Hughes

d.

Ralph Ellison

15. Hemingway wrote about American compatriots in Europe whereas

________ wrote about the Jazz age, life in American society.

Carlos Williams b. William Faulkner c. John Steinbeck d. F. Scott Fitzgerald

the Best Answer for Each of the Following (1×15 %):

2.The American Civil War broke out in 1861 between the Northern states and the South states, which are known respectively as the ______and the______.

a. N, S

b. Revolutionaries, Reactionaries

c. Union, Confederacy

d. Slavery, Anti-Slavery

praised by the British as the “Tenth Muse in America”.

a.Anne Bradstreet

b. Edward Taylor

c. Thomas Paine

d. Philip Freneau

Twain was a representative of ________ in American literature.

a. transcendentalism

b. naturalism

c. local colorism

d. imagism

4. _______ was the leader of American transcendentalism.

a. Benjamin Franklin

b. Washington Irving

c. Ralph Waldo Emerson

d. Henry David Thoreau

greatest American poet and the first writer of free verse is ____________.

a. Washington Irving Pound c. Walt Whitman d. Emily Dickinson

is father of the detective story and of psychoanalytic criticism.

a. Washington Irving

b. Ralph Waldo Emerson

c. Walt Whitman

d. Edgar Allan Poe

James is concerned with the upper class life; ______ writes about the middle class society, and Mark Twain deals with the lower class reality.

a. Stephen Crane

b. Frank Norris

c. Theodore Dreiser

d. William Dean Howells

8. Which of the following is a naturalistic writer?

a. William Dean Howells

b. Mark Twain

c. Ernest Hemingway Dreiser

9. ________’s writings are characterized by simple, colloquial language and deep thoughts.

a. Ernest Hemingway

b. William Faulkner

c. F. Scott Fitzgerald

d. Mark Twain

10. ______ wrote 18 novels all set in Jefferson Town, Yoknapatwapha

County in the deep south. .

a. William Faulkner

b. John Steinbeck

c. Ernest Hemingway

d. Mark Twain

11. ________is Jewish in origin and in many of his novels the American

Jews are major characters.

a. Sinclair Lewis

b. Saul Bellow

c. Norman Mailer

d. Jerome David Salinger

is often regarded as the greatest American woman poet and she wrote over 1,700 short lyric poems in her life time.

a. Anne Bradstreet

b. Robert Frost

c. .

d. Emily Dickinson is father of American drama and won the Nobel Prize for literature in 1936.

a. John Steinbeck

b. William Faulkner

c. Eugene O’Neill

d. Arthur Miller

14. _______ was the first black American to write a book about black

life with great impact on the consciousness of the nation and his

masterpiece is one of the three classics about black Americans.

b.Richard Wright b. Harriet Beecher Stowe

c. Langston Hughes

d. Ralph Ellison

15. ________ first used the “Jazz age” as the title of a collection

of short stories

a. F. Scott Fitzgerald

b. William Faulkner

c. John Steinbeck

d.

Ernest Hemingway

II. Identify Works as Described Below (1×15 %):

6.The play is about a stoker whose identity as a human being is not

recognized by his fellow human beings and who tries to find affinity with a monkey in the zoo and is finally killed by the animal.

a. The Hairy Ape

b. Henderson the Rain King

c. Long Day’s Journey into Night

d. The Glass Menageries

7.The protagonist in this play is a crippled girl named Amanda.

Street Car Named Desire b. The Hairy Ape Day’s Journey into

Night

Glass Menageries

8.The hero of this novel tells about his own story to us but his name

is unknown.

Son Tom’s Cabin Man d. Go Tell It on the Mountains 4. It is an autobiographical play and Edmund in the play is based on the playwright himself.

a. Long Day’s Journey into Night

b. Henderson the Rain King

c. The Hairy Ape

d. The Glass Menageries

5.The novel tells of how a black man kills a white woman by accident

and how he is finally arrested and tried and sentenced to death.

Son Tom’s Cabin Man d. Go Tell It on the Mountains

6._________ is one of the best works in American literature about the

Second World War.

Farewell to Arms Catcher in the Rye Red Badge of Courage

d. The Naked and the Dead

6. The novel by Hemingway is the best of its kind about World War I.

Farewell to Arms Sun Also Rises

Old Man and the Sea d. The Naked and the Dead

10.The novel is about how a family of farmers cannot survive in Oklahoma

and travel to California to seek a living and how they suffer hunger in California.

b.The Grapes of Wrath b. . A.

d. The Adventures of Augie March

11.It is a trilogy including The 42nd Parallel, 1919, and The Big Money,

with such techniques as biographies, newsreels and camera eye.

12.It is a novel which uses the stream of consciousness technique and

whose title is taken from Shakespeare’s Macbeth.

a. Absolom, Absolom!

b. The Sound and the Fury

Farewell to Arms d. The Great Gatsby

10. It is a naturalistic work about how a country girl is seduced and

elopes with Hurstwood and how she becomes a famous actress and how her lover falls into beggary and finally commits suicide.

American Tragedy b. Sister Carrie c. McTeague , A Girl of the Streets

11. It is a novel with 135 chapters plus an epilog; in it a group of

people on a whaling ship kill a great whale but they themselves are killed by the whale in the end, except Ishmael the narrator who survives by adhering to a coffin.

b.Sister Carrie Adventures of Tom Sawyer

c. Moby Dick

d. The Portrait of a Lady

novel is a psychological study of a soldier (Henry Fleming)’s reactions in the Civil War, in which wound is called the red badge which symbolizes courage.

American Tragedy b. Sister Carrie

Red Badge of Courage d. McTeague

13. The poem is written in free verse in 52 cantos with the theme of

美国文学史-知识点梳理

Part I The Literature of Colonial America I．Historical Introduction The colonial period stretched roughly from the settlement of America in the early 17th century through the end of the 18th. The first permanent settlement in America was established by English in 1607. ( A group of people was sent by the English King James I to hunt for gold. They arrived at Virginia in 1607. They named the James River and build the James town.) II．The pre-revolutionary writing in the colonies was essentially of two kinds: 1) Practical matter-of-fact accounts of farming, hunting, travel, etc. designed to inform people "at home" what life was like in the new world, and, often, to induce their immigration 2) Highly theoretical, generally polemical, discussions of religious questions. III．The First American Writer The first writings that we call American were the narratives and journals of these settlements. They wrote about their voyage to the new land, their lives in the new land, their dealings with Indians. Captain John Smith is the first American writer. A True Relation of such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony (1608) A Map of Virginia: A Description of the Country (1612) General History of Virgini a (1624): the Indian princess Pocahontas Captain John Smith was one of the first early 17th-century British settlers in North America. He was one of the founders of the colony of Jamestown, Virginia. His writings about North America became the source of information about the New World for later settlers. One of the things he wrote about that has become an American legend was his capture by the Indians and his rescue by the famous Indian Princess, Pocahontas. IV．Early New England Literature William Bradford and John Winthrop John Cotton and Roger Williams Anne Bradstreet and Edward Taylor V．Puritan Thoughts 1. The origin of puritan In the mediaeval Europe, there was widespread religious revolution. In the 16th Century, the English King Henry VIII (At that time, the Catholics were not allowed to divorce unless they have the Pope's permission. Henry VIII wanted to divorce his wife because she couldn't bear him a son. But the Pope didn't allow him to divorce, so he) broke away from the Roman Catholic Church & established the Church of

美国文学史习题 (1)

I. Multiple choice. Please choose the best answer among the four items. (10 x 1’= 10’) 1. In American literature, the 18th century was the age of Enlightenment. ____ was the dominant. 2. The short story “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” is taken from Irving’s work named ____. 3. Which of the following is not the characteristic of American Romanticism? 4. The short story “Rip Van Winkle” reveals the __ attitude of its author.

5.Stylistically, Henry James’ fiction is characterized by ___. 6.Transcendentalist doctrines found their greatest literary advocates in ___ and Thoreau. 7.Which is regarded as the “Declaration of Intellectual Independence”? 8.____ is considered Mark Twain’s greatest achievement.

美国文学史总结

ⅠColonial America(17th century)殖民主义时期文学 1.In 1492, Christopher Columbus discovered America and he mistook the native people on the new continent for Indians. Character of colonial literature: a.content: religious, political b.form: diary, journal, letters, travel books, sermons, history (personal literature) c.Style: simple. direct, concise d.out of humble origins Early in the 17th century, the English settlements in Virginia and Massachusetts began the main stream of what we recognize as the American national history. The earliest settlers in America included Dutch, Swedes, Germans, French, Spaniards, Italians and Portuguese. The first permanent English settlement in North America was established at Jamestown, Virginia in 1607(北美弗吉尼亚詹姆斯顿) 2.Captain Town Smith, the first American writer 3.Puritan Thoughts: hard work, thrift(节俭), piety(虔诚), sobriety(节制), 这些也成了早期 美国作品主导思想. 典型的清教徒：John Cotton & Roger William, John Cotton was called “the Patriarch of New England(新英格兰教父)” 清教徒采用的文学体裁：narratives(日记) and journals(游记) 清教徒在美国的写作内容： 1）Their voyage to the new land 2）Adapting themselves to unfamiliar climates and crops 3）About dealing with Indians 4）Guide to the new land, endless bounty, invitation to bold spirit 4.Private literature: theological, moral, historical, political 5.The work of two writers, Anne Bradstreet and Edward Taylor, rose to the level of real poetry. Anne Bradstreet is one of the most interesting of the early poets, 英国最早移民到美国的诗人. The best of the Puritan poets was Edward Taylor. ⅡReason and Revolution(18th century)理性和革命时期文学 1.The War for Independence (1776-1783) ended in the formation of a Federative bourgeois democratic republic - the United States of America. 2.Bourgeois Enlightenment 3.Benjamin Franklin: Poor Richard’s Almanac(穷人理查德的年鉴), an annual collection of proverbs. The Autobiography, 18世纪美国唯一流传至今的自传 ?The Autobiography is, first of all, a Puritan document. It is Puritan because it is a record of self-examination and self-improvement. The Puritans, as a type, were very much given to self-analysis. ?The Autobiography shows Franklin was spokesman for the new order of 18th-century Enlightenment, and that he represented in America all its ideas, that man is basically good and free, by nature endowed by God with certain inalienable rights of liberty and the pursuit of happiness.

美国文学史期末考试复习题

美国文学史期末考试复习题(使用书本为童明的《美国文学史修订版》) 一、名词解释（交代背景、内容/特点、代表人物/作品） 1. American Realism: In American literature, the Civil War brought the Romantic Period to an end. The Age of Realism came into existence. It came as a reaction against the lie of romanticism and sentimentalism. Realism turned from an emphasis on the strange toward a faithful rendering of the ordinary, a slice of life as it is really lived. It expresses the concern for commonplace and the low, and it offers an objective rather than an idealistic view of human nature and human experience. (the representative writers and its features should be also added.) 2. Black Humor : 1）In the 1960s, in literature, drama, and film, black humor refers to grotesque or morbid humor used to express the absurdity, insensitivity, paradox, and cruelty of the modern world. 2）Black humor often uses low comedy farce and low comedy to make clear that individuals are helpless victims of fate and character. 3）Joseph Heller’s Catch-22 is an example of this school 3. Henry James’s international theme: 书p159 4. Beat Generation： 1) American poets, 1950s-1960s, a rebellion ,counterculture, romantic, drugs and uninhibited sex. 2)Best and most influential poem: “Howl”:denounces the life-denying effects of American culture. 5.American Puritanism：it comes from the American puritans, who were the first immigrants moved to American continent in the 17th century. Original sin, predestination and salvation were the basic ideas of American Puritanism. And, hard-working, piousness，thrift and sobriety were praised.书p17 6. Transcendentalism: is a philosophic and literary movement that flourished in New England, particular at Concord, as a reaction against Rationalism and Calvinism. Mainly it stressed intuitive understanding of God, without the help of the church, and advocated independence of the mind. The representative writers are Emerson and Thoreau.

美国文学史及选读复习重点

Captain John Smith (first American writer). Anne Bradstreet；The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America （colonists living） Edward Taylor(the best puritan poet) John Cotton ”the Patriarch of New England” teacher spiritual leader Benjamin Franklin The Autobiography Poor Richard’s Almanack Thomas Jefferson： Political Career Thoughts The Declaration of Independence we hold truth to be self-evidence Philip Freneau“Father of American Poetry” The Wild Honey Suckle American Romanticism optimism and hope Nationalism Washington Irving“Father of American Literature short story”The first “Pure Writer” A History of New York The Sketch Book marked the beginning of American Romanticism! “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”Rip Van Winkle James Fenimore Cooper Father of American sea and frontier novels Leather stocking Tales The Last of the Mohicans The Pioneers The Prairie The Pathfinder The Deerslayer Edgar Allan Poe father of detective story and horror fiction Tales of the Grotesque and the Arabesque “MS. Found in a Bottle” “The Murders in the Rue Morgue” “The Fall of the House of Usher”“The Masque of the Red Death”“The

美国文学史复习资料

美国文学史复习（colonialism) 第一部分殖民主义时期的文学 一、时期综述 1、清教徒采用的文学体裁：a、narratives 日记b、journals 游记 2、清教徒在美国的写作内容： 1）their voyage to the new land 2) Adapting themselves to unfamiliar climates and crops 3) About dealing with Indians 4) Guide to the new land, endless bounty, invitation to bold spirit 3、清教徒的思想： 1）puritan want to make up pure their religious beliefs and practices 净化信仰和行为方式 2) Wish to restore simplicity to church and the authority of the Bible to the theology. 重建教堂，提供简单服务，建立神圣地位 3）look upon themselves as chosen people, and it follow logically that anyone who challenged their way of life is opposing God's will and is not to be accepted. 认为自己是上帝选民，对他们的生活有异议就是反对上帝 4）puritan opposition to pleasure and the arts sometimes has been exaggerated. 反对对快乐和艺术的追求到了十分荒唐的地步5）religious teaching tended to emphasize the image of a wrathful God.强调上帝严厉的一面，忽视上帝仁慈的一面。 4、典型的清教徒：John Cotton & Roger William 他们的不同：John Cotton was much more concerned with authority than with democracy; William begins the history of religious toleration in America. 5、William的宗教观点：Toleration did not stem from a lack of religious convictions. Instead, it sprang from the idea that simply to be virtuous in conduct and devout in belief did not give anyone the right to force belief on others. He also felt that no political order or church system could identify itself directly with God. 行为上的德，信仰上的诚，并没有给任何人强迫别人该如何行事的权利。没有任何政治秩序和教会体制能够直接体现神本身的意旨。 6、英国最早移民到美国的诗人：Anne Bradstreet 7、在殖民时期最好的清教徒诗人：the best of Puritan poets is Edward Tayor. 学习指南： 1、Could you give a description of American Puritans? 关于美国清教徒的描绘 Like their brothers back in England, were idealists, believing that the church should be restored to the "purity" of the first-century church as established by Jesus Christ himself. To them religion was a matter of primary importance. They made it their chief business to see that man lived and thought and acted in a way which tended to the glory of God. They accepted the doctrine of predestination, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace from God, all that John Calvin, the great French theologian who lived in Geneva had preached. It was this kind of religious belief that they brought with them into the wildness. There they meaant to prove that were God's chosen people enjoying his blessings on this earth as in Heaven. 2、Hard work, thrift, piety and sobriety were the Puritan values that dominated much of the earliest American writing. 3、The work of two writers, Anne Bradstreet & Edward Taylor, rose to the level of real poetry.

(完整版)美国文学史复习资料

美国文学史复习1（colonialism) 第一部分殖民主义时期的文学 一、时期综述 1、清教徒采用的文学体裁：a、narratives 日记b、journals 游记 2、清教徒在美国的写作内容： 1）their voyage to the new land 2) Adapting themselves to unfamiliar climates and crops 3) About dealing with Indians 4) Guide to the new land, endless bounty, invitation to bold spirit 3、清教徒的思想： 1）puritan want to make up pure their religious beliefs and practices 净化信仰和行为方式 2) Wish to restore simplicity to church and the authority of the Bible to the theology. 重建教堂，提供简单服务，建立神圣地位 3）look upon themselves as chosen people, and it follow logically that anyone who challenged their way of life is opposing God's will and is not to be accepted. 认为自己是上帝选民，对他们的生活有异议就是反对上帝 4）puritan opposition to pleasure and the arts sometimes has been exaggerated. 反对对快乐和艺术的追求到了十分荒唐的地步5）religious teaching tended to emphasize the image of a wrathful God.强调上帝严厉的一面，忽视上帝仁慈的一面。 4、典型的清教徒：John Cotton & Roger William 他们的不同：John Cotton was much more concerned with authority than with democracy; William begins the history of religious toleration in America. 5、William的宗教观点：Toleration did not stem from a lack of religious convictions. Instead, it sprang from the idea that simply to be virtuous in conduct and devout in belief did not give anyone the right to force belief on others. He also felt that no political order or church system could identify itself directly with God. 行为上的德，信仰上的诚，并没有给任何人强迫别人该如何行事的权利。没有任何政治秩序和教会体制能够直接体现神本身的意旨。 6、英国最早移民到美国的诗人：Anne Bradstreet 7、在殖民时期最好的清教徒诗人：the best of Puritan poets is Edward Tayor. 学习指南： 1、Could you give a description of American Puritans? 关于美国清教徒的描绘 Like their brothers back in England, were idealists, believing that the church should be restored to the "purity" of the first-century church as established by Jesus Christ himself. To them religion was a matter of primary importance. They made it their chief business to see that man lived and thought and acted in a way which tended to the glory of God. They accepted the doctrine of predestination, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace from God, all that John Calvin, the great French theologian who lived in Geneva had preached. It was this kind of religious belief that they brought with them into the wildness. There they meaant to prove that were God's chosen people enjoying his blessings on this earth as in Heaven. 2、Hard work, thrift, piety and sobriety were the Puritan values that dominated much of the earliest American writing. 3、The work of two writers, Anne Bradstreet & Edward Taylor, rose to the level of real poetry. 4、The earliest settlers included Dutch, Swedes, Germans, French, Spaniards Italian, and Portuguese. 美国文学史复习2（reasoning and revolution) (2009-01-17 15:54:25) 一、美国的性质： The war for Independence ended in the formation of a Federative bourgeois democratic republic - the United States of America. 联邦的资产阶级民主共和国--美利坚合众国。 二、代表作家： 1、Benjamin Franklin 本杰明·富兰克林1706-1790 1）"Poor Richard's Almanac" 穷人查理德的年鉴annual collection of proverbs 流行谚语集 It soon became the most popular book of its kind, largely because of Franklin's shrewd humor, and first spread his reputation 2) Founded the Junto, a club for informal discussion of scientific, economic and political ideas. 建立了一个秘密俱乐部，讨论的主题是政治、经济和科学等时事方面的问题 3）established America's first circulating library, founded the college--University of Pennsylvania. 建立了美国第一个可租借的图书馆，还创办了一所大学——就是现在的宾夕法尼亚大学。 4）first applied the terms "positive" and "negative" to electrical charges. 5)As a representative of the Colonies, he tried in vain to counsel the British toward policies that would let America grow and flourish in association with England. He conducted the difficulty negotiations with France that brought financial and military support for America in the war. 作为殖民地的代表，他不断建议英国改变政策，使美国可以和英国一起发展、繁荣。他说服法国支持美国的独立战争。 6）As an author he had power of expression, simplicity, a subtle humor, sarcastic.作为作家具有非凡的才能，表达简洁明了，幽默，讽刺天才、 7）The Way to Wealth致富之道The Autobiography自传18世纪美国唯一流传至今的自传

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美国文学史及选读考研复习笔记6.

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