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(英语)高三英语语法填空(一)解题方法和技巧及练习题含解析

(英语)高三英语语法填空(一)解题方法和技巧及练习题含解析
(英语)高三英语语法填空(一)解题方法和技巧及练习题含解析

(英语)高三英语语法填空(一)解题方法和技巧及练习题含解析

一、语法填空

1.阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

A few months ________(early), Stephanie Heller, had finished her workout in the gym when she ________(notice)a woman in the parking lot struggling to bend down. Ms. Heller offered to help her. The woman blamed old age for her incapacity, ________(explain)that she was 70. But Ms. Heller was 71. "This woman felt every bit her age." she recalled. "I don't let age stop me. I need a good mood, really. I love singing and dancing with all the young friends I ________ (make)over the years. I'm only as old as I feel."

Each of us has ________actual age, the number we celebrate on birthdays. But some 50-, 60-and 70-year-olds look and feel ________(youth), while others do not. Scientists measure these differences by looking at age-related things like skin elasticity, blood pressure and so on, finding some ________(connect)among them. People ________a healthy lifestyle and a fortunate genetic inheritance(继承)tend ________(score) "younger" on these assessments.

When scientists ask, "How old do you feel, most of the time?" the answer can reflect the state of people's physical and mental health. The age given is a virtual one, ________is called "subjective age".

【答案】earlier;noticed;explaining;have made;an;youthful/young;connection/connections;with;to score;which

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,有的人看起来比实际年龄小,是因为健康的生活方式,好的遗传基因让人看起来更年轻,研究发现一个人的心态可以反应他的主观年龄。(1)考查形容词。根据后文的had finished过去完成时,可判断事情发生在过去之前,a few months earlier“几个月之前”,可以和过去完成时连用,故填earlier。

(2)考查时态。根系句子可知此处是从句谓语动词,此处考查固定句型had done…when(从句用一般过去时)刚做完某事突然就……,故填noticed。

(3)考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知此处是非谓语动词作状语,逻辑主语the woman和explain(解释)之间是主动关系,应用现在分词,故填explaining。

(4)考查时态。分析句子可知此处是定语从句谓语动词,根据下文的over the years(在过去几年里)判断该句为现在完成时,主语为I,故填have made。

(5)考查冠词。age的可数名词,此处是泛指,应用不定冠词,又actual是元音音素开头,故填an。

(6)考查形容词。此处应填形容词作为feel的表语,youth的形容词是young和youthful,故填young/youthful。

(7)考查名词。此处应填名词作为finding的宾语,connect的名词形式connection为可数名词,some可以理解为“一些/某个”,故此处可以用名词单数形式,也可用复数形式,故填connection/connections。

(8)考查介词。句意:拥有健康生活方式和好的遗传基因的人倾向于在这些评价中获得高分。分析句子可知此处应填介词,再结合句意表示“有”的介词是with,故填with。(9)考查非谓语动词。tend to do sth固定短语,“倾向于做某事”,故填to score。

(10)考查定语从句。分析句子可知,此处是非限定性定语从句的关系词,先行词one在从句中充当主语,应用关系代词which引导,故填which。

【点评】本题考点涉及形容词,时态,非谓语动词,冠词,介词,名词,定语从句以及多个知识点的考查,是一篇健康类阅读,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,并结合相关语法知识,进行分析推理,从而写出正确的单词形式。

2.阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

New Year's Eve is the last day of the year. It is always an exciting time because people look forward to ________(welcome) a new year. It is also a good time to think back and say goodbye to the old year. New Year's Eve is a ________(nation) holiday for many people around the world. In a lot of countries , people go back to their hometown for the New Year, so usually the trains and buses________(pack) with people. In England, there is always a New Year's Eve party, ________ is usually held at someone's home and the host invites friends, families and neighbors. The living room becomes a mini disco as everyone dances________ loud music.

I have lots of good ________(memory) of New Year's Eve . I once spent one freezing New Year's Eve in Trafalgar Square in the center of London. It snowed and was ________(bitter) cold . I also spent many wonderful New Year's Eves in Japan. There, it is a tradition________(visit) a shrine(圣坛)and pray for good things. I think wherever you are, New Year's Eve is always ________exciting day. Maybe the last way to welcome the New Year ________(be)watching amazing fireworks displays in the world's cities.

【答案】 welcoming;national;are packed;which;to;memories;bitterly;to visit;an;is

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文,对世界各地的许多人来说,除夕是国家的假日。作者回忆了除夕的许多美好记忆。

(1)考查非谓语动词。句意:这总是一个令人兴奋的时刻,因为人们期待着迎接新的一年。look forward to固定短语,“期待”,to是介词,后面接动名词,所以填welcoming。(2)考查形容词。句意:对世界各地的许多人来说,除夕是国家的假日。该空修饰名词holiday,用形容词,所以填national。

(3)考查时态语态。句意:在很多国家,人们会回老家过年,所以通常火车和公共汽车上都挤满了人。描述经常或反复发生的动作,用一般现在时。"火车和公共汽车"与"挤满"之间是被动关系,用被动语态,所以填are packed。

(4)考查定语从句。句意:在英国,人们通常在某人家里举行新年晚会,邀请朋友、家人和邻居。_________ is usually held at someone's home and the host invites friends, families and neighbors.是一个非限制性定语从句,先行词是a New Year's Eve party,关系词在从句中作主语,指物,故填which。

(5)考查介词。句意:客厅变成了一个迷你迪斯科舞厅,每个人都随着响亮的音乐跳舞。dance to固定短语,“随着……起舞”,故填to。

(6)考查名词。句意:我对除夕有很多美好的回忆。"美好的回忆"是复数意义,用名词复数,故填memories。

(7)考查副词。句意:天下着雪,冷得刺骨。修饰形容词cold,用副词,故填bitterly。

(8)考查非谓语动词。句意:在那里,参拜神社并祈求好运是一种传统。不定式作主语,一般用it作形式主语,把作主语的不定式短语后置,故填to visit。

(9)考查冠词。句意:我想无论你在哪里,除夕总是一个令人兴奋的日子。泛指"一个令人兴奋的日子",exciting的首字母发音是元音,所以填不定冠词an。

(10)考查时态。句意:也许迎接新年的最后一种方式是在世界各地的城市观看令人惊叹的烟花表演。描述经常或反复发生的动作,用一般现在时,所以填is。

【点评】本题考点涉及非谓语动词,形容词,时态语态,定语从句,介词,副词以及故此等多个知识点的考查,是一篇文化类阅读,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,并结合相关语法知识,进行分析推理,从而写出正确的单词形式。

3.Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Phone-surfing Results in More Purchases

Leaving your mobile phone at home when you go shopping could prevent mindless overspending, a new study suggests. Research from the University of Bath discovered that when people are distracted by their mobiles during a trip to the supermarket their shopping bills ________ rise by an average of 41 per cent. Attention-weakening devices also encourage shoppers to wander along more shelves, ________they come across more products.

In one study, 294 people aged between 18 and 73 at four Swedish supermarkets wore eye-tracking glasses throughout a shopping trip to measure where they went and ________they looked at. Their receipts were then used ________(assess) their spending. Those using a mobile phone spent on average £33.73 compared to an average of £23.91 for those who did not.

A second study of 117 shoppers found those with mobile phones spent longer in the store, ________(give) more attention to shelves. They also spent an average of £36. This study found shoppers using a mobile phone spent on average £36.16 on 20.85 items, compared to £25.59 on 13.22 products.

Dr Carl-Philip Ahlbom, of the University of Bath's School of Management said: "Business owners have tended to worry that mobiles distract shoppers from spending money, ________we were amazed to find completely the reverse effect." The findings were very clear - the more time you spend on your phone, the more money you'll part ________.

"So if you're trying to budget, ________(leave) your phone in your pocket. It's not the phone ________that causes more purchases, but its impact on our focus." Researchers believe people spend more because using a phone distracts people from their ________(plan) lists.

【答案】can/may/might;where;what;to assess;having given/giving;but;with;leave;itself;planned

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,研究发现手机上网会导致更多的购买行为。

(1)考查情态动词。句意:巴斯大学的研究发现,当人们在超市购物时被手机分心时,他们的购物账单平均会(可能)上涨41%。空后是动词原形,此处需要填情态动词,根据句意可知此处表示“会、可能”,故填 can/may/might。

(2)考查定语从句。句意:削弱注意力的设备也鼓励购物者在更多的货架之间走来走去,在那里他们会遇到更多的产品。此处为非限定性定语从句,关系词指代先行词shelves 并在从句中作地点状语,故填where。

(3)考查宾语从句。句意:在一项研究中,瑞典四家超市的294名年龄在18岁至73岁之间的人在整个购物过程中都戴着眼睛跟踪眼镜,以测量他们去了哪里,看了什么。此处为宾语从句,从句中的looked at缺少宾语,故填what。

(4)考查非谓语动词。句意:然后他们的收据被用来评估他们的支出。sth.be used to do 表示“某物被用来做……”,故填to assess。

(5)考查非谓语动词。句意:第二项针对117名购物者的研究发现,那些拥有手机的人在商店里呆的时间更长,对货架的关注度更高。“关注货架”这一动作既可理解为与“呆在商店里”同时发生,也可理解为先于“呆在商店里”,所以既可用现在分词的一般式也可用现在分词的完成式作状语,故填having given/giving。

(6)考查连词。句意:企业主往往担心手机会分散购物者花钱的注意力,但我们惊奇地发现完全相反的效果。根据句意可知前后是转折关系,故填but。

(7)考查介词。句意:你在手机上花的时间越多,你花的钱就越多。part with固定短语“舍得、交出”,故填with。

(8)考查祈使句。句意:所以如果你想谨慎花钱的话,把手机放在口袋里。此处为祈使句,用动词原形,故填leave。

(9)考查代词。句意:不是手机本身导致了更多的购买行为,而是它对我们的注意力的影响。根据“the phone”可知此处指“它本身”,故填itself。

(10)考查非谓语动词。句意:研究人员认为,人们之所以花钱更多,是因为使用手机会分散人们对计划清单的注意力。lists与plan之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,表示被动,用过去分词作定语,故填planned。

【点评】本题考点涉及情态动词,定语从句,宾语从句,非谓语动词,连词,介词,祈使句以及代词等多个知识点的考查,是一篇生活类阅读,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,并结合相关语法知识,进行分析推理,从而写出正确的单词形式。

4.阅读下列材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

Scientists found that air pollution may be responsible ________ a significant reduction in intelligence. The research ________ (conduct) for the World Health Organization (WHO) in China showed that air pollution was responsible for big: falls in test ________ (score) for languages and arithmetic. The study is called "The impact of exposure to air pollution on cognitive (认知的)performance ". It ________ (publish) in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences journal. The study took place over four years. Researchers analyzed speaking and arithmetic tests taken by 20 000 people of all ages. They said, Polluted air may prevent cognitive ability as people become older."

The study is a warning to the rest of the world, especially to ________ in cities. Over 91 percent of the world population live in areas with ________ (poison) air and air pollution is the fourth ________ (high) cause of global deaths. Researchers discovered that ________ longer people

were exposed to polluted air, the greater their intelligence went down. They said air pollution caused a year's worth of lost education. For those ________ were over 60 years old, this could be several years. A researcher warned, "There is no shortcut ________ (solve) this issue. Governments really need to take effective measures to reduce air pollution."

【答案】 for;conducted;scores;was published;those;poisonous;highest;the;who;to solve

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,科学研究表明空气污染可能会导致人的智力下降,并且随着年龄的增长,其可能会阻碍认知能力。研究者们呼吁政府采取有效措施减少空气污染。

(1)考查介词。句意:科学家们发现,空气污染可能是智力大幅下降的原因。be responsible for固定短语,“对……负责,是……的原因”。故填for。

(2)考查非谓语动词。句意:世界卫生组织(WHO)在中国进行的研究表明,空气污染是语言和算术考试分数大幅下降的原因。分析句子结构可知,showed是本句的谓语,此处应用非谓语动词作定语,修饰名词The research,主语The research和动词conduct之间是被动关系,所以此处应用conduct的过去分词形式表被动。故填conducted。

(3)考查名词。句意:世界卫生组织(WHO)在中国进行的研究表明,空气污染是语言和算术考试分数大幅下降的原因。score“分数,成绩”,是可数名词,此处表示语言和算术的测试分数,应用复数形式。故填scores。

(4)考查时态语态。句意:这项研究发表在《美国国家科学院院刊》上。句子的主语It 指代前一句中的The study,The study和publish之间是被动关系,且publish这一动作发生在过去,所以应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was published。

(5)考查代词。句意:这项研究是对世界其它地区,尤其是对城市居民的一个警告。此处应用those指代那些在城市居住的人。故填those。

(6)考查形容词。句意:超过91%的世界人口生活在有毒的空气的地区,空气污染是导致全球死亡的第四大原因。根据空格后的名词air可知,此处应用形容词修饰名词air,表示“有毒的空气”。故填poisonous。

(7)考查形容词。句意:超过91%的世界人口生活在有毒的空气的地区,空气污染是导致全球死亡的第四大原因。根据空格前的the和序数闻fourth可知,此处表示空气污染是全球第四大死因,应用high的最髙级。故填highest。

(8)考查冠词。句意:研究人员发现,人们接触污染空气的时间越长,他们的智力下降得越厉害。固定结构the+比较级... the+比较级...“越……就越……”,因此,比较级longer前应加定冠词the。故填the。

(9)考查定语从句。句意:对于那些超过60岁的人来说,这可能需要几年的时间。空格前的those是代词,意为“那些人”,空格处引导定语从句,在从句做主语,修饰先行词those指人,引导词应用who。

先行词为those时,关系代词不能用that。故填who。

(10)考查非谓语动词。句意:在这个问题上没有捷径可走。There is no shortcut to do sth.固定句式,“没有干某事的捷径”,此处用动词不定式。故填to solve。

【点评】本题考点涉及介词,非谓语动词,名词,时态语态,代词,形容词,冠词,定语

从句等多个知识点的考查,是一篇科研类阅读,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,并结合相关语法知识,进行分析推理,从而写出正确的单词形式。

5.阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

As Alison Gopnik described in her recent book, there are two kinds of parents in modern America: The Carpenter and the Gardener. The "carpenter" thinks that his or her child can________(shape). "The idea is that if you just do the right things, get the right skills and read the right books, you're going to be able to turn your child ________a particular kind of adult," she said

The "gardener", however is seldom concerned about ________ (control) what the child will become and instead provides a protected space ________explore). The style is all about:" creating a rich, nutritious but also variable, diverse, active ecosystem".

Gopnik, a psychology and philosophy professor at the University of California, Berkeley, said." Many parents are carpenters, and ________is really necessary for them to bring up their children." She spent decades researching children's development and finally ________(find) that parents often focused too much on what their children would be as adults. The harm is that parents and their children may become________ (anxiety), tense or unhappy.

"We're so concerned about our children ________ we think have difficulty mastering their own future that we're unwilling to allow them to ________ (free) explore the world." she says. The truth is that the ________ (little) that parents worry about outcomes, the better their children may live in life.

【答案】be shaped;into;controlling;to explore;it;found;anxious;who/that;freely;less

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了现代美国存在的木匠型父母和园丁型父母的特点。

(1)考查语态。句意:“木匠型”父母认为他或她的孩子可以被塑造。可知,此处主语与动词之间为被动关系,又因为空前有情态动词can.。故填be shaped。

(2)考查介词。句意: “木匠型”父母认为他或她的孩子可以被塑造。turn .. into...固定短语,“将......变成......”,故填into。

(3)考查非谓语动词。句意: 然而,“园丁型”父母很少关心孩子会变成什么样,而是提供一个受保护的探索空间。此处用所给词的动名词作介词about的宾语。故填controlling。(4)考查非谓语动词。句意: 然而,“园丁型”父母很少关心孩子会变成什么样,而是提供一个受保护的探索空间。此处用所给词的动词不定式作后置定语,修饰名词space。故填to explore。

(5)考查代词。句意: 很多父母都是“木匠型”父母,对他们来说,把孩子抚养成人是非常必要的。此处为It's十形容词十for sb十to do sth”的结枸,意为“对某人来说,做某事是……”,在该句中是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式。故填it。

(6)考查时态。句意: 她花了几十年的时间研究孩子的发展,最后发现父母往往过于关注

孩子成年后的状况。根据并列连词and及前句中的谓语动词spent可知,此处用所给动词的一般过去式。故填found。

(7)考查形容词。句意: 危害在于父母和他们的孩子可能会感到焦虑,紧张或不快乐。此处用所给词的形容词作become的表语。故填anxious。

(8)考查定语从句。句意: 我们非常关心我们的孩子,我们认为他们很难掌握自己的未来,我们不愿意让他们自由探索世界。分析句子结构可知,该空引导的是一个限制性定语从句,从句中缺少主语(we think是插入语)且先行词是our children,故此处用关系代词who/that引导该定语从句。故填who/that。

(9)考查副词。句意: 我们非常关心我们的孩子,我们认为他们很难掌握自己的未来,我们不愿意让他们自由探索世界。此处用所给词的副词修饰动词explore。故填freely。(10)考查形容词。句意: 事实是,父母越不担心结果,他们的孩子可能生活得越好。根据句意“事实是,父母对结果的担心越少,他们的孩子的生活就越好”可知,此处用所给形容词的比较级,且枸成“the十比较级,the十比较级”的结枸。故填less。

【点评】本题考点涉及语态,介词,非谓语动词,代词,时态,形容词,定语从句,副词等多个知识点的考查,是一篇社会类阅读,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,并结合相关语法知识,进行分析推理,从而写出正确的单词形式。

6.阅读下面材料,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Since ________ first fully artificial plastic was invented in 1907, humans ________(find) innumerable uses for the material. It has found ________(it) way into our tools, our clothes and even our bodies. In a new study in ________(environment) science and technology, researchers estimate the average American eats more than 50,000 pieces of microplastic particles, ________(small) than 5 millimeters in length every year and breathes in another 50,000. Although the health ________(effect) of consuming these tiny bits of plastic are unclear, researchers stress the real volume that people are ________(casual) swallowing is alarming. The largest contributor came ________ drinking bottled water, in ________ the bottle itself added more than 32 times more plastic to a diet ________(compare) with tap water, The Guardian reports.

【答案】the;have found;its;environmental;smaller;effects;casually;from;which;compared

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章提出了人工塑料渗入到我们生活的方方面面。在环境科学与技术的一项新研究中,研究人员估计,美国人平均每年吃掉5万多块塑料微粒,这些微粒的长度小于5毫米,再吸入5万粒塑料微粒。主要诱因是饮用瓶装水。(1)考查冠词。句意:自从1907年第一个完全人工塑料被发明以来。根据first可知此处用冠词the。故填the。

(2)考查时态。句意:人类已经发现了这种材料的无数用途。since引导的时间从句要用一般过去时,主句要用现在完成时。分析句子成分可知,主语是humans,故谓语动词为have found。故填have found。

(3)考查代词。句意:它已经渗入我们的工具、我们的衣服甚至我们的身体。way是名词,此处应该用形容词性物主代词修饰名词。故填its。

(4)考查形容词。句意:在环境科学与技术的一项新研究中。此处要用形容词修饰名词science and technology(科学与技术)。故填environmental。

(5)考查形容词。句意:美国人平均每年吃掉5万多块塑料微粒,这些微粒的长度小于5毫米,再吸入5万粒塑料微粒。根据than可知此处要用形容词比较级。故填smaller。(6)考查名词。句意:尽管食用这些小塑料碎片对健康的影响尚不清楚。根据the health 是主语的一部分,可知此处用名词作主语,且谓语动词是are,故用可数名词复数,填effects。

(7)考查副词。句意:但研究人员强调,人们随意吞下的塑料碎片的实际数量令人担忧。此处要用副词修饰动词swallowing 。故填casually。

(8)考查介词。句意:最大促成物来自饮用瓶装水。come from,固定短语,“来自”。故填from。

(9)考查定语从句。句意:瓶装水在日常饮食中添加的塑料量是自来水的32倍多。分析句子成分可知,先行词为drinking bottled water,指物,且作in的宾语,故此处填which。故填which。

(10)考查非谓语动词。句意:瓶装水在日常饮食中添加的塑料量是自来水的32倍多。分析句子可知,the bottle itself与compare在逻辑上是被动关系。故填compared。

【点评】本题考点涉及冠词,时态,代词,形容词,名词,介词,副词,定语从句以及非谓语动词的等多个知识点的考查,是一篇环保类阅读,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,并结合相关语法知识,进行分析推理,从而写出正确的单词形式。

7.阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Chinese dragons(龙)are fictional creatures, a root of Chinese people who considered themselves as the descendants(后代)of dragons. Since their creation, Chinese dragons________(win)the deep love from Chinese people, because of________(they)strong power and symbolic meanings. They played ________ important role in the history of Chinese nation, politics, religion, culture and Chinese language and became a symbol of China and Chinese people.

Dragon is a belief of Chinese nation and a ________(gold)Chinese element. When a person hears the name of dragon, China________(come)to his or her mind. As the strongest animal________(select)by Chinese people, dragon has the strongest power ________helps it go to the Heaven and the Hell, and make clouds and rains. In ancient times, as a belief, dragon gave strong supports to the ruling of a big nation, and to people's fragile spirits and hard life because people suffered from extreme natural disasters and lack________the supports from science. The________(important)of dragon to Chinese people is like water to creatures, and it________(reflect)in people's spirit, beliefs, and ideology.

【答案】have won;their;an;golden;will come;selected;that;of;importance;is reflected

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了中国龙是虚构的生物,是中国人视自己为龙的后代的根源,中国龙从诞生之日起就赢得了中国人的深情爱戴,因为他们强大的力量和

象征意义,在中华民族、政治、宗教、文化和汉语史上占有重要地位,成为中国和中国人民的象征。

(1)考查时态。根据时间状语since their creation,可知谓语动词用现在完成时态,故填have won。

(2)考查代词。放在名词前面,所以用形容词性物主代词,故填their。

(3)考查冠词。play an important part in 固定短语,“在......起重要作用”,故填an。

(4)考查形容词。作定语修饰名词,所以用形容词,故填golden。

(5)考查时态。when引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时态,主句用一般将来时态,故填will come。

(6)考查非谓语动词。select和它所修饰的名词之间是被动关系,所以用过去分词作后置定语,故填selected。

(7)考查定语从句。 helps it go to the Heaven and the Hell是限制性定语从句,先行词为 the strongest power,有形容词最高级修饰,在定语从句中作主语,故填that。

(8)考查介词。lack of固定短语,“缺乏”,故填of。

(9)考查名词。此空作主语,前面有the,所以用名词,故填importance。

(10)考查时态语态。句子主语和reflect之间是被动关系,所以用被动语态,主语为it,故填is reflected。

【点评】本题考点涉及时态,代词,冠词,形容词,非谓语动词,定语从句,介词,名词以及语态等多个知识点的考查,是一篇文化类阅读,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,并结合相关语法知识,进行分析推理,从而写出正确的单词形式。

8.After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

We want our children to succeed in school and, perhaps even more importantly, in life. But the paradox(悖论) is that our children can only truly succeed ________ they first learn how to fail. Consider the finding that world-class figure skaters fall over more often in practice than low-level figure skaters. Why are the really good skaters falling over the most?

The reason is actually quite simple. Top skaters are constantly challenging themselves in practice. ________ (stretch) their limitations, they keep trying their best. They fall over so often, but it is precisely why they learn so fast. Lower-level skaters have a quite different approach. They are always attempting jumps they can already do very easily, ________ (remain) within their comfort zone. This is why they don't fall over. In a superficial sense, they look successful, because they are always on their feet. Never ________ (fail) in practice prevents them from making progress.

________ is true of skating is also true of life. James Dyson worked through 5,126 prototypes (原型) for his newest vacuum before coming up with the design ________ made his fortune. These failures were essential to the pathway of learning. As Dyson put ________: "You can't

develop new technology unless you test new ideas and learn when things go wrong. Failure is essential to invention."

In healthcare, however, things are very different. Clinicians don't like to admit to failure, partly because they have strongegos (自我) —particularly the senior doctors—and partly because they fear litigation (诉讼). The consequence is that ________ learning from failure, healthcare often covers up failure. The direct consequence is that the same mistakes ________ (repeat). According to the Journal of Patient Safety, 400,000 people die every year in American hospitals alone due to preventable error. ________ healthcare learns to respond positively to failure, things will not improve.

【答案】 if / when;To stretch;remaining;failing;What;which / that;it;instead of;are repeated;Until / Unless

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文,只有先学会如何失败,才能真正成功,作者用这个道理告诉美国的医疗保健部门只有学会积极面对失败,医疗事故的情况才会好转。(1)考查状语从句。句意:但矛盾的是,我们的孩子只有先学会如何失败,才能真正成功。根据句意可知此处既可以用if引导条件状语从句,表示"如果……",也可用when引导时间状语从句,表示"当……的时候",故填if / when。

(2)考查非谓语动词。句意:为了突破自己的局限,他们一直在努力。根据句意可知此处表示目的,应该用不定式做目的状语,故填To stretch。

(3)考查非谓语动词。句意:他们总是尝试他们已经做得很容易的动作,保持在他们的舒适区内。They与remain之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,表示主动,用现在分词做状语,故填remaining。

(4)考查非谓语动词。句意:在实践中从不失败会阻碍他们进步。分析句子结构可知,此处用动名词做主语,故填failing。

(5)考查主语从句。句意:生活中的情况和滑冰的情况是一样的。此处为主语从句,从句中缺少主语,故填What。

(6)考查定语从句。句意:詹姆斯·戴森为最新款的吸尘器设计了5126个原型,然后才想出了这个让他大赚一笔的设计。此处为定语从句,先行词为design,指物,关系词在从句中做主语,故填which / that。

(7)考查代词。句意:正如戴森所说的:除非你测试新想法,并在事情出错时学习,否则你不会开发出新技术,失败是发明的基础。as someone puts it固定句式。"正如某人所说"表示。put it"表达......"故填it。

(8)考查介词短语。句意:结果是,医疗保健往往掩盖失败,而不是从失败中吸取教训。根据句意可知此处表示"而不是",故填instead of。

(9)考查时态语态。句意:其直接后果是一再地犯同样的错误。陈述的是客观事实,mistakes 与repeat之间是被动关系,所以用一般现在时的被动语态,故填are repeated。(10)考查连词。句意:除非医疗保健学会积极面对失败,否则情况不会好转(直到医疗保健学会积极面对失败,情况才会好转)。根据句意可知此处表示"除非"或"直到",故填Until / Unless。

【点评】本题考点涉及状语从句,非谓语动词,主语从句,定语从句,代词,介词短语,时态语态以及连词等多个知识点的考查,是一篇人生感悟类阅读,要求考生在理解细节信

息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,并结合相关语法知识,进行分析推理,从而写出正确的单词形式。

9.阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

Boat Building is a long-winded and time-consuming business, even when ________ is going down the slipway is a small craft ________(make) from modern materials such as fibreglass. Construct a mould(模具). Build up layers of resin(树脂) and glass fibre inside that mould. Extract the completed structure and finish it. All told, it can take months. That, ________, may soon change. For researchers at the University of Maine are now in ________process of testing an 8-metre (25-foot) patrol boat that took just 72 hours to make from scratch. Their trick was to build the boat ________(use) a giant 3D printer.

Since they appeared in ________(commerce) form in the 1990s, generally 3D printers ________ (employ) in factories to make small things like components of jet-engines and dental crowns(牙冠). Now, a new generation of outsize printers is arriving. These are capable ________turning out much bigger objects than previously possible, and printing them faster.

To print the patrol boat, part of an American army project, the team in Maine linked up with Oak Ridge National Laboratory, in Tennessee, which helped ________ (develop) the printing process, and Ingersoll Machine Tools, in Illinois, which built the printer itself. The university estimates that for boat building, a common trade in the state, large 3D printers of this sort will ________(dramatic) cut the cost and time required to produce new ships.

【答案】what;made;though/however;the;using;commercial;have been employed;of;develop / to develop;dramatically

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了大型3D打印机可用来制造船舶。

(1)考查主语从句。句意:造船是一个漫长而枯燥的过程,即使最终从造船台上滑下来的只是一艘用玻璃纤维等现代材料制造的小船,而非用木板钉成的传统船只。______ is going down the slipway是when引导的时间状语从句中的主语从句,主语从句缺少主语,在此表示的事物,故填what。

(2)考查非谓语动词。此处表示用玻璃纤维等现代材料制造的小船。______(make) from modern materials such as fibreglass用来修饰craft,作定语,craft与make是被动关系,所以用过去分词,故填made。

(3)考查副词。句意:不过,现状可能马上会发生改变。根据前后文语境可知此处表示之前制作大约需要好几月的实践,而这一切随着3D打印的使用可能要发生改变。所以表示转折关系,故填however/though。

(4)考查冠词。句意:缅因大学的研究者正在测试一条8 米长的巡逻艇,它的建造过程只花了 72 小时。in the process of…固定短语,“在......过程中”,故填the。

(5)考查非谓语动词。句意:他们的秘密武器,是使用一台大型的 3D 打印机来造船。分析句子结构可知此句有谓语动词was,所以use 要使用非谓语,再根据their trick可知使用者是人,所以人与use是主动关系,所以用现在分词,故填using。

(6)考查形容词。句意:自从他们在20世纪90年代以商业形式出现以来,他们一直被用于工厂制作小的飞机零部件和牙冠。此处修饰form名词,要用形容词,故填

commercial。

(7)考查时态语态。根据时间状语since,可知主句用现在完成时,再根据3D打印机与employ之间是被动关系,所以用现在完成时的被动语态,再根据主谓一致。可知填用have been employed。

(8)考查固定短语。句意:这些打印机能够制造出比以前更大的物体,并且打印速度更快。be capable of固定短语,“能够”,故填of。

(9)考查非谓语动词。help to do/ help do固定短语,“帮助做某事”,故填to develop/ develop。

(10)考查副词。句意:该大学估计,对于该州常见的行业——造船来说,这种大型3D 打印机将大幅削减生产新船所需的成本和时间。此处修饰动词cut,要用副词,故填dramatically。

【点评】本题考点涉及主语从句,非谓语动词,副词,冠词,形容词,时态语态以及副词等多个知识点的考查,是一篇科技类阅读,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,并结合相关语法知识,进行分析推理,从而写出正确的单词形式。

10.阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

Susan went to a boarding school. Here is one of the letters she wrote to ________parents from the school.

Dear Mom and Dad,

I'm afraid I have some very bad news for you. I have been very naughty and the school principal is very angry ________ me. She is going to write to you. You must come and take me away from here. She does not want me in the school ________.

The trouble ________ (start) last night when I was smoking a cigarette in bed. This is against the rules, of course. We are not supposed to smoke at all.

As I was smoking, I heard footsteps coming towards the room. I did not want a teacher ________ (catch) me smoking, so I threw the cigarette away. Unfortunately, the cigarette fell into the waste-paper basket, ________caught fire. There was a curtain near the waste-paper basket which caught fire, too. Soon the whole room was ________ (burn) .The principal phoned for the fire department. The school is a long way from the town and by the time the fire department arrived, the whole school was in ________ (flame). Many of the girls are in the hospital.

The principal says that the fire was all my ________and you must pay ________the damage. She will send you a bill for about a million dollars.

I am very sorry about this.

Much love,

Susan 【答案】 her;with;any longer;started;to catch;which;burning;flames;fault;for 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文,Susan在寄宿学校上学,这是她写给父母的一封信。她在信中说自己因违反学校规定在宿舍吸烟而引发了一场大火,很多女生都住进了医

院。校长说这场大火都是她的错误,并要她的家长赔偿损失。Susan告诉父母校长会给他们写信,让他们来把Susan带走。

(1)考查代词。句意:这是她从学校写给父母的一封信。此处要用形容词性物主代词,修饰parents ,故填her。

(2)考查介词。be angry with sb 固定短语,“对某人感到很生气”。故填with。

(3)考查固定短语。这里用any longer与前面的not构成"not…any longer"结构,“不再……”。故填any longer。

(4)考查时态。句子中有时间状语last night,所以要用一般过去时。故填started。(5)考查非谓语动词。want sb to do sth固定短语,“想让某人干某事”。故填to catch。(6)考查定语从句。这是一个非限制性定语从句,先行词为the waste-paper basket,指物,在后面的非限制性定语从句中作主语,且that不能引导非限制性定语从句,所以关系代词要用which。故填which。

(7)考查形容词。此处可理解为现在分词作形容词,在句中作系动词was的表语,句意为“很快整个房间都着火了”。故填burning。

(8)考查名词。句意:整个学校都着火了。in flames固定短语,“在火焰中”,故填flames。

(9)考查名词。句意:这场火灾都是我的责任。结合上下文分析,所以此处用fault表示“错误,责任”。故填 fault。

(10)考查介词。pay for固定短语,“赔偿,为......而付钱”,故填for。

【点评】本题考点涉及代词,介词,时态,非谓语动词,定语从句,形容词,名词以及介词等多个知识点的考查,是一篇故事类阅读,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,并结合相关语法知识,进行分析推理,从而写出正确的单词形式。

11.阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Chopsticks, or kuaizi in Chinese, ________ (be) a pair of small equal- length sticks, usually made of wood, ________( use) for eating Asian food It is believed the first chopsticks ________ (develop) over 5,000 years ago in China. The ________(early) evidence of a pair of chopsticks made out of bronze was excavated (出土) from the Ruins of Yin near Anyang, Henan province,dating back to roughly 1,200 BC.

Chopsticks play, ________important role in Chinese food culture. Chinese chopsticks are usually 9 to 10 inches long and rectangular with a blunt (钝的) end. They are round on the eating end ________symbolizes heaven, and the other end is square which symbolizes earth. This is because________(maintain) an adequate food supply is the greatest concern between heaven and earth.

There is an old Chinese custom making chopsticks part of a girl's dowry, since the ________(pronounce) of kuaizi is similar to the words for "quick" and "son".

Chopsticks are ________(frequent) used in daily life. They have become more than a kind of tableware and have established a set of etiquette (礼仪) and customs ________their own.

【答案】are;used;were developed;earliest;an;that/which;maintaining;

pronunciation;frequently;of

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,讲述了筷子在我国的历史、作用和文化意义。(1)考查时态。分析句子结构可知,此处是句子谓语动词,根据下文的is判断为一般现在时,主语chopsticks是复数,故填are。

(2)考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处是非谓语动词作后置定语,use和逻辑主语sticks之间是动宾关系,故用去过分词,填used。

(3)考查时态语态。分析句子结构可知,此处是主语从句的谓语动词,根据over 5,000 years ago判断为一般过去时,主语chopsticks和develop之间是被动关系,故用一般过去时的被动语态,主语chopsticks是复数,故填were developed。

(4)考查形容词。此处应填形容词作定语修饰名词evidence,结合句意可知此处意为“最早的证据”故用最高级,故填earliest。

(5)考查冠词。play a role in固定短语,“在……中起作用”,又important是元音音素开头,故填an。

(6)考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,此处是限定性定语从句关系词,先行词they(指物)在从句__6___symbolizes heaven中充当主语,故用关系代词,填that/which。

(7)考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处应填maintain的动名词形式作为表语从句的主语,故填maintaining。

(8)考查名词。此处应填名词作为原因状语从句的主语,结合上下文可知此处意为“筷子的发音”,“发音”是pronunciation,故填pronunciation。

(9)考查副词,此处应填副词修饰动词are used,故填frequently。

(10)考查介词。of one's own固定短语,“某人自己的”,故填of。

【点评】本题考点涉及时态,非谓语动词,时态语态,形容词,冠词,定语从句,非谓语动词,名词,副词以及介词等多个知识点的考查,是一篇文化类阅读,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,并结合相关语法知识,进行分析推理,从而写出正确的单词形式。

12.阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

In South Korea smartphone cases come with rings fixed on the back ________ (prevent) clumsy owners from dropping them. This makes people look like they are married to their phones. In lots of Seoul's coffee ________ (shop), couples on dates spend much more time looking at their screens ________ at each other. The results go beyond the ________ (potential) terrible consequences for romance.

Walk around the streets of Seoul, and there is ________ real risk of bumping into people ________ eyes are glued to their smartphone screens. According to the statistics, around 370 traffic accidents annually ________ (cause) by pedestrians using smartphones.

The government initially tried to fight the "smombie" (手机僵尸) phenomenon by distributing hundreds of stickers (贴纸) around cities, ________ (beg) people to "be safe" and look up. This seems to have had little effect even though, in Seoul at least, it recently replaced the stickers with stronger plastic boards.

Instead ________ appealing to people's good sense, the authorities have therefore turned to

trying to save them from being run over. Early last year, they ________ (begin) to test floor-level traffic lights in smombie hotspots in central Seoul. Since then, the experiment has been extended around and beyond the capital. For the moment, the government is keeping old-fashioned eye-level pedestrian lights as well. But in future, the way to look at a South Korea crossroads may be down.

【答案】to prevent;shops;than;potentially;a;whose;are caused;begging;of;began

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了韩国人的手机依赖症以及政府对这一现象已经采取的一些措施。

(1)考查非谓语动词。句意:在韩国,智能手机外壳背面装有指环,以防止手机从笨拙的用户手中脱落。这句话中谓语动词为come with,所以空格处填非谓语动词。这里用来表达手机外壳装有指环的目的,故用不定式做目的状语,填to prevent。

(2)考查名词。句意:在首尔的很多咖啡店里,情侣看手机的时间远远超过看约会对象的时间。空格前有lots of与名词所有格修饰,所以空格处应填名词。shop为可数名词,lots of修饰名词时,应用名词的复数形式。故填shops。

(3)考查连词。句意:在首尔的很多咖啡店里,情侣看手机的时间远远超过看约会对象的时间。由much more time可知,这是一个比较句式。故填than。

(4)考查副词。句意:这一行为除了可能会破坏浪漫气氛,还有其他后果。空格位于形容词前,需用副词修饰。故填potentially。

(5)考查冠词。句意:走在首尔的街头上,你很有可能会撞到其他人,因为他们的注意力都在手机屏幕上了。空格后的名词risk为单数形式,所以空格处应填冠词。real是以辅音音素开始的,故填a。

(6)考查定语从句。句意:走在首尔的街头上,你很有可能会撞到其他人,因为他们的注意力都在手机屏幕上了。这是一个定语从句,先行词为people,指人,且在从句中作eyes的定语,所以选用关系词whose,故填whose。

(7)考查时态语态与主谓一致。句意:据统计,每年大约370例交通事故是由用手机的行人引起的。这句话缺少谓语,由annually可知,这句话使用一般现在时。主语traffic accidents与cause之间是被动关系,所以使用被动语态。且由于主语traffic accidents是复数形式,所以谓语动词使用复数形式。故填are caused。

(8)考查非谓语动词。句意:政府最初试图通过在城市中分发数百个贴纸来恳求人们“注意安全”并抬头看,以此来应对“手机僵尸”现象。这句话的谓语动词为tried to,所以空格处填非谓语动词。主语The government与beg之间是主动关系,且分发贴纸与beg这两个动作是同时发生的,所以使用现在分词作状语。故填begging。

(9)考查介词。句意:政府当局没有诉诸于人们抬头看路的良好意识,而是试图挽救他们免于被车辆碾压。空格后为动名词形式,所以空格中填介词。instead of固定短语,“代替; 作为……的替换”,故填of。

(10)考查时态。句意:去年年初,他们开始在首尔市中心的手机僵尸热点区域试点路面交通信号灯。这句话缺少谓语动词,且由early last year可知,这句话应使用一般过去时。故填began。

【点评】本题考点涉及非谓语动词,名词,连词,副词,冠词,定语从句,时态语态,介

词等多个知识点的考查,是一篇社会现象类阅读,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,并结合相关语法知识,进行分析推理,从而写出正确的单词形式。

13.阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Some misunderstanding is putting shark populations at risk now. Thousands of sharks are dying as ________result of people's false beliefs.

Female sharks need males to make babies. Some female sharks have the ability to produce a baby by themselves and have young sharks ________a male shark. That's something ________(common) seen in plants and insects like ants and bees.

Shark fins have medical function. Traditionally, shark fin soup ________(believe) to have health benefits and is quite special in China. ________modern scientists point out that shark tissue (组织)can be extremely high in poison. What's more, shark fishing kills up to 100 million animals each year, ________(endanger) several different species.

If you're bitten by a shark, you will be a goner. You are more than twice as likely ________(die) from a lightning strike as from a shark bite, according to the Florida Museum's International Shark Attack File (ISAF). "Even if you are bitten, the large ________(major) of people survive", says Dr. Chapman. There ________(be) sixty-six unprovoked(无端的)shark bite incidents around the world in 2018, only six of ________were dangerous, according to the ISAF.

【答案】a;without;commonly;is believed;But/Yet;endangering;to die;majority;were;which

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍人们过去对鲨鱼的误解,唤醒人们要有保护动物意识。

(1)考查冠词。句意:由于人们的错误观念,成千上万的鲨鱼正在死亡。as a result of固定短语,“作为……的结果”。故填a。

(2)考查介词。句意:一些雌性鲨鱼有能力自己繁殖后代,并且在没有雄性鲨鱼的情况下产下幼鲨。根据上文Some female sharks have the ability to produce a baby by themselves 可知,此处指“雌性鲨鱼在没有雄性鲨鱼的情况下产下幼鲨”,应使用介词without“没有”。故填without。

(3)考查副词。句意:这种情况在植物和昆虫中很常见,比如蚂蚁和蜜蜂。此处修饰过去分词seen,应使用副词形式。故填commonly。

(4)考查时态语态。句意:传统上,鱼翅汤被认为对健康有益,在中国很特别。believe 与shark fin soup是逻辑动宾关系,应使用被动语态;此处描述的是客观事实,应使用一般现在时。故填is believed。

(5)考查连词。句意:但现代科学家指出,鲨鱼组织是非常厉害的毒药。根据语境可知,此处前后句是转折关系,应使用转折连词but/yet“但是”。故填But/Yet。

(6)考查非谓语动词。句意:更重要的是,捕捞鲨鱼每年杀死多达1亿只,危及几个不同的物种。“捕捞鲨鱼每年杀死多达1亿只”危及几个不同的物种,endanger的逻辑主语是整个前句描述的内容,此处与前句内容是逻辑主谓关系,应使用现在分词作结果状语。故填endangering。

(7)考查非谓语动词。句意:根据佛罗里达博物馆的国际鲨鱼攻击档案(ISAF),人们死于雷击的可能性是鲨鱼咬的两倍多。be likely to do sth.固定短语,“可能做某事”。故填to die。

(8)考查名词。句意:“即使被咬了,大多数人还是活下来了”,查普曼博士说。根据空前形容词及空后介词of可知,此处使用名词。故填majority。

(9)考查时态。句意:根据国际安全援助部队的数据,2018年全世界共发生了66起无端的鲨鱼咬伤事件,其中只有6起是危险的。根据in 2018可知,此处描述的是过去的事情,应使用一般过去时;there be句型主谓一致遵循“就近原则”,由sixty-six unprovoked(无端的)shark bite incidents可知,此处be动词应使用复数形式。故填were。

(10)考查定语从句。句意:根据国际安全援助部队的数据,2018年全世界共发生了66起无端的鲨鱼咬伤事件,其中只有6起是危险的。此处是带有介词的定语从句,先行词是sixty-six unprovoked(无端的)shark bite incidents,关系词在介词之后,应使用关系代词which引导。故填which。

【点评】本题考点涉及冠词,介词,副词,时态语态,连词,名词以及定语从句等多个知识点的考查,是一篇环保类阅读,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,并结合相关语法知识,进行分析推理,从而写出正确的单词形式。

14.阅读下面短文 ,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的形式。

In the closing ceremony of the 2018 Olympic Winter Games. China put on "See You in Beijing in 2022", directed by Zhang Yimou. The show centered on the talents of a team of 24 roller-skating ________(perform) from Beijing Sport University. Two of them________(dress) as "Panda Captains" led the performance. The performance reviewed China's ancient times.________(show) the country's rich cultural heritage (遗产)and singing about the present. as well as the future that ________(lie) ahead.

In addition to traditional symbols including the Great Wall and lucky animals________the Chinese dragon and the Chinese phoenix, the performance also showed China's recent engineering and________(technology) achievements. Towards the end of the performance, the Olympic rings ________(rise) on the stage, as well as images of a global village, children's smiling faces, olive branches and plum blossoms(梅花), ________stood for China's promise to promote global peace and building a better future for mankind. Finally, the skaters travelled a path on ice ________(draw) the "Winter Dream" sign of the Olympic Winter Games Beijing 2022. The performance ________(successful) sent Chinese people's goodwill and invitations to the world for Beijing 2022.

【答案】performers;dressed;showing;lies;like;technological;rose;which;to draw/drawing;successfully

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了在2018年韩国平昌冬季奥运会闭幕式上,中国"2022,相约北京"的表演诠释了中国文化,传达了"北京欢迎你"的愿望。

(1)考查名词。句意:这场表演的主角是来自北京体育大学的24名轮滑表演者。空前的roller skating 作定语修饰空处,又根据空前的”a team of 24“ 可知,空处应填表示人的复数名

词,故填performers。

(2)考查非谓语动词。句意:他们中有两人穿着"熊猫队长"的服装领衔演出。分析句子可知,本空在句中过去分词充当形容词,修饰Two of them,故填dressed。

(3)考查非谓语动词。句意:演出回顾了中国的古代,展示了中国丰富的文化遗产,歌颂了现在......。根据语境可知,空处与下文的singing并列状语,故填showing。

(4)考查时态。句意:演出回顾了中国的古代,展示了中国丰富的文化遗产,歌颂了现在。以及展现在面前的未来。分析句子的结构可知,本空在句中充当谓语,"位于,展示",用一般现在时,其主语是单数future, 故填lies 。

(5)考查介词。句意:除了长城和像中国龙、中国凤等幸运动物等吉祥物外,......。根据语境可知,此处表示举例,意为"如......,像.....",故填like。

(6)考查形容词。句意:这场表演还展示了中国最近的工程技术成就。分析句子结构可知,空处在句中修饰名词achievements,修饰名词作定语要用形容词,故填technological。(7)考查时态。句意:演出快结束时,奥运五环在舞台上升起,......。通读全文可知,闭幕式发生在过去,所以五环升起应该用一般过去时,故填rose。

(8)考查定语从句。句意:演出接近尾声时,台上升起奥林匹克五环,还有地球村、儿童笑脸、橄榄枝、梅花等形象,代表着中国促进全球和平、建设人类美好未来的承诺。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,指代前面整个句子,并在从句中作主语,故用关系代词which引导,因此填which。

(9)考查非谓语动词。句意:最后,选手们在冰上滑走了一条路,画出了2022年北京冬奥会的"冬梦"标志。分析句子结构并结合语境可知,空处作状语或定语,作状语时表目的,故填to draw。也可理解为作 a path的后置定语,故也可填drawing,故填to draw/drawing。

(10)考查副词。句意:演出成功地向世界发出了中国人民2022年北京奥运会的善意和邀请。根据空前的"the performance"和空后的"sent"可知,空格处就用副词作状语,修饰sent,故填successfully。

【点评】本题考点涉及名词,非谓语动词,时态,介词,形容词,定语从句以及副词等多个知识点的考查,是一篇文化类阅读,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,并结合相关语法知识,进行分析推理,从而写出正确的单词形式。

15.阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The silent killer — air pollution causes seven million premature (过早的) ________(death) a year, not just in________(develop) countries but also in UK and the USA as well. In China,people are well aware of the health problems it brings.

I check every part every day. If it has heavy air pollution, I will prepare masks for my family. I dislike________when the air is bad. Because bad air makes it difficult for me to breathe and I think it does influence my________(perform) at work. A new research in china has also found a link between air quality and levels of intelligence. In the study, 25,000 people living across China________(test) in language and math skills last year. They found the results of those________lived in more polluted areas were________ (negative) impacted, especially in languages. It adds to a growing body of evidence that air pollution has an effect not just on the

lungs and heart________on the brain.

This research shows that the longer we are exposed to air pollution, the ________ (many) problems we're storing up for later life. Campaigners hope this study will persuade the British government________(think) hard before it publishes its clean air strategy next year.

【答案】deaths;developing;it;performance;were tested;who;negatively;but;more;to think

【解析】【分析】本文是一则新闻报道,无声杀手——空气污染每年导致700万人过早死亡,不仅在发展中国家,在英国和美国也是如此。最新研究表明,我们接触空气污染的时间越长,我们为以后的生活积累的问题就越多。

(1)考查名词。句意:无声杀手——空气污染每年导致700万人过早死亡,不仅在发展中国家,在英国和美国也是如此。此处death“死亡的人数”,是可数名词,结合句意可知此处用复数形式,故填deaths。

(2)考查形容词。句意:无声杀手——空气污染每年导致700万人过早死亡,不仅在发展中国家,在英国和美国也是如此。此处是“发展中的”,是形容词作定语修饰后面的名词,故填developing。

(3)考查代词。句意:我不喜欢空气不好的时候。此处it是形式宾语,when引导的从句是真正的宾语,故填it。

(4)考查名词。句意:我认为这确实会影响我的工作表现。此处my是形容词性物主代词,修饰名词,故填performance。

(5)考查时态语态。句意:在这项研究中,去年对中国各地的2.5万人进行了语言和数学技能测试。此处句子主语people,集体名词,和谓语动词test之间是一种被动关系,再根据In the study,是过去的事情,所以句子用一般过去时态的被动语态,故填were tested。(6)考查定语从句。句意:他们发现,那些生活在污染更严重地区的人的结果受到了负面影响,尤其是在语言方面。此处those是先行词,指人,在后面的定语从句中作主语,故填who。

(7)考查副词。句意:他们发现,那些生活在污染更严重地区的人的结果受到了负面影响,尤其是在语言方面。此处impacted是动词,由副词修饰,故填negatively。

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