文档库 最新最全的文档下载
当前位置:文档库 › 介词与习语

介词与习语

介词与习语
介词与习语

简单介词的基本用法

一、方位介词

1.at, in两词均表示地点,意为“在……处”。At用于指较小的地方,如用在门牌号码前;in 用于指较大的地方。如:I met him at the bus stop where I always took a bus home. Mr. White lived in Hong Kong for 20 years.

2.In, on ,to在方位名词前的区别三词都都表示两地之间的方位关系。In表示“在某范围之内”;to表示“在某范围之外”;on表示“毗邻,接壤”。如:Jiangsu Province is/lies in the east of China. Jiangsu Province lies to the east of Sichuan Province. Mongolia is/lies on the north of China.

3.Between, among 两词均表示“在……中间”或“在……之间”。Among指三者或以上之间,而between表示在两者之间。有时between之后也可能出现三个或三个以上的宾语,但这时所强调的仍然是其中每两者之间的相互关系。此外,当句中出现divide,share之类的词时,如果后面跟有几个单数名词,则用between;如果后面是复数名词,between和among 都可以。如:This secret is only between you and me. He divided his money between John, Helen and his nephew.

4.From, out of 两词均表示来源或出处。From注重起点,意为“从……”;out of侧重于从里向外,意为“从……里出来”。We are moving out of our flat. The train from London arrives here at 9 o'clock.

5.In, on 两词均可表示“在……上”,描写两个物体的接触情况。On侧重于表面的接触;而in侧重于接触的深度。英语中的某些习惯表达法,常用in或on:若大某人的脸、眼、嘴、胸、腹等部位时,用in;而打头、额、鼻、耳、颈、肩、腿等部位时,用on;表示植物本身生长出来的枝、叶、花、果等“在树上”用on the tree,但表示植物本身以外的人或动物“在树上”用in the tree,意指被枝叶遮掩其中。如:We found a square hole in the wall. The teacher patted the boy on the head and comforted him

6.Above, over, up, under, below, down, beneath above泛指高于某物,反义词是below;over 强调位于某物的正上方、垂直上方,反义词是under,还有跨越、覆盖的意义;up表由上向下,反义词是down;beneath表“在……之下,在……正下方,在……底下”。如:The boat sailed up the river. Joe enjoyed feeling the warm sand beneath her feet.

7.Along, across, through along沿着,across横跨(从平面上从一边至另一边),through穿过(在立体物体中穿过或一端到另一端)。如:I walked through the woods. I walked across the square.

二、时间介词

1.at,in,on

at 时间点、时刻等。如:at 12:00,at noon,at midnight,at dawn, at daybreak 较短暂的一段时间或节日、被认为是标志大事的日子。如:at Christmas

in 用于表示时代、朝代、月份、早上、下午或晚上的名词前。如:in the 1980s, in Qing Dynasty, in October, in the morning(说明:当时间名词前被this,that,last,next,some,every等词限定时,名词通常不用任何介词修饰。)

表示在一段时间之后。如:I'll be back in an hour.

on 用在表示具体的日子或一个特定的时间。如:On October the first,on National day 用于表示特定的早上、上午或晚上。如:on the eve of victory,on the morning of January the third,on the afternoon of his arrival

2.after,in after和in都表示“在……之后”。In表示时间,常表示“在……时间之内”,

有时还有在“在……时间之后”的意思,但表示此意时,必须具备两个条件:(1)所修饰的动词必须表示将来;(2)后面必须跟有一段时间。两个条件缺一不可,否则用after或later。如:My father will be back in three days. My father will be back after 3 o'clock.

3.For, from, since for后接时间段的名词词组,表示延续了多久;from后接时间点的名词词组,表示行为或状态的起始点,而不是涉及其持续时间的长短;since后接时间点的名词词组,不仅表示行为或状态的起始点,而且还强调该行为或状态从起始点一直延续到此时此刻,因而常与延续性动词的现在完成时连用。如:Mr.Brown enjoyed the country life and lived there for almost fifteen years after his retirement. Tom has been doing his homework since 7

o'clock.

三、工具、手段、方式介词

1.by, in,on三词都可表示旅游的方式。

(1)不涉及交通工具的名词时用by,名词前不带冠词。如:by sea, by water, by land,by rail,by air等。

(2)涉及交通工具的名词时用by,但名词需用单数,其前不加冠词后任何修饰语。如:by bike, by taxi, by plane, by ship/boat, by train, by spaceship等。

(3)当旅行方式涉及及确定特定的交通工具时,用on或in,名词前应有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰词。如:travel to New York in this plane,leave on an early train, go to school on my bike等。步行、骑马、骑骆驼均用介词on。如:on foot,on horseback/on a horse, on the camel。

2.with,by,in三词均意为“用”,表示行为的工具、手段或方式。

(1)with用于有形的工具或身体的某些器官之前,其后的名词多被冠词、物主代词等修饰。如:They are digging with a spade.

(2)By,in,on ,over,through等多用于无形的工具、手段或方式之前。如:by hand, in ink, on the telephone, over the radio,through the telescope等。说明:a.使用语言、原料、材料时用in表示。如:in English/Japanese,in blue ink。B.表达“用……方法/式”时,所用介词分别为:in this/that/the same way, by means of, by this/that means, with this/that method。

四、with的用法

1.表示“和……在一起”,“由……陪同”或“有……在场”的意思。如:Mr. and Mrs. Smith were there,with their family of three small children.

2.表示两种事物之间的相应关系或齐头并进的意思。如:With time passing,they have grown into big boys and big girls.

3.表示“带有,带来,携带”等表伴随的意思。如:It is very stuff in the room, with all the windows closed.

4.引导一个表示方式的状语附加语。如:She lay back in the chair with her eyes closed.

5.指原因或理由。如:The small child trembled with fear.

五、by的用法

1.表示“不迟于(某时间)”。如:I have promised to have the work finished by the end of this week.

2.表示“在……期间(一段指明的时间)”。如:They decided travel by night.

3.指人体或物体的某一部分。如:He seized me by the arm.

4.表示“由于……的结果”。如:He succeeded by hard work.

5.表示“到……的程度”。如:The one is shorter than the other by three inches.

6.表示买卖东西所按以计算的数或量,或付酬所按以计算的时间。如:Milk is sold by the pint,butter by the pound,and eggs by the dozen.

7.表示“按照……”或“根据……”。如:By my watch,the time is half past eleven.

8.表示“因……而得到结果”或“凭着”。如:It was only by chance that I heard the news.

短语介词和介词短语

一、表“原因”的短语介词:because of ,due to, thanks to

Because of 因为,由于,通常作状语,位于句首或句中;due to由于,因为,可作状语、表语或后置定语;thanks to幸亏,多亏,既可褒义,又可用于贬义,多用于句首。如:His illness was because of smoking and drinking. Thanks to the Party's good policy,the farmers are now living a happy and rich life.

二、表“除了”的短语介词及介词:other than,except for,apart from以及besides, except, but

1.other than意为“除……之外”,一般用于否定句;except for意为“除了(因为)……”,表示除去整体中的一部分,它所叙述的事情的细节部分用来修正句子的主要意思;apart from 意为“除……之外”(=except for)或“除……之外还”(=besides),需要根据上下文判断其含义。如:You can't get to the island other than by boat. Your coat is good except for its color. Apart from the injuries to his face and hands ,he broke both legs.

2.Except和but/other than都可接名词、代词、动名词、动词原形,可以互换;但except后接副词、介词短语、where从句等时,but/other than 不可替换except。如:He has always been in high spirits except recently. The window is never opened except in summer. He has always been busy except when it is Sunday.

3.用于否定句时,besides,except与but可相互替换。用于肯定句时,except相当于not including,意为“除……之外”(不再有);besides相当于in addition to,意为“除……之外(还有……)”;but意为“除……之外”,一般用在不定代词和疑问代词之后。如:No other students passed the difficult maths exam except/besides/but Lin Tao and Wu Dong. We all passed the exam except Tom. Who but a fool would do such a thing?

4.But,except后都可接that从句作宾语,but和except可以互换。如:I asked nothing for him except/but he should write to me every other week.

5.Besides还可以用作副词,意为“in addition;also;moreover;further”。如:I don't want to go ;besides,I am too tired.

三、用on与in表“处于某种状态”的习语

1.on用于表示动态,表示正在从事某项活动或处于某种运动状态之中。如:on business出差;on a visit在访问;on strike罢工;on sale在出售;on show在上映,在展出;on watch在站岗,在放哨;on fire在着火;on holiday/vocation在度假,等等。

2.In多用于表示静态状态,如安全、危险、健康、涉及人的情绪,等等。如:in trouble陷入困境;in danger处于危险中;in order有序,有条理;in surprise惊讶地;in silence默默地;in high/low spirits情绪高涨,情绪低落;等等。

四、其他常见短语

1.at at dawn拂晓;at daybreak拂晓;at sunrise日出时;at sundown日落时;at noon中午;at dusk黄昏;at night夜晚;at table在用餐;at school在上学;at college在上大学;at risk 在危险中;at rest静止不动;at present目前;at the sight of 一看到;at the coast of以……的代价;at war交战

2.From from memory凭记忆;from cover to cover从头到尾;from day to day日复一日;from beginning to end从头到尾;from head to foot从头到脚;from bad to worse越来越糟;from now on从现在起

3.Out of out of touch/contact不接触/不联系;out of reach够不着;out of order不整齐,状态不好;out of sight看不见;out of place不适当的;out of work失业;out of curiosity出于好奇

4.In+名词+of in favor of同意,支持;in honor of为纪念,为庆祝;in face of面临;in need of需要;in search of 为寻找;in memory of为纪念;in charge of负责;in view of考虑到;in terms of在……方面;in spit of尽管;in case of万一

5.Of+great/much+抽象名词=very+形容词;of no+抽象名词=not+形容词

6.To+one's+情感名词(much)to one's delight/surprise/sorrow/regret/horror……

【语法全解】:时间介词_(in,on,at)

【语法全解】:时间介词(in, on, at) 【典句探究】 1. On Friday, what time is your Chinese? 在星期一,你们几点上语文课? 2. we don’t have history in the afternoon. 我们下午没有历史课。 3. I like the lessons on Monday afternoon.我喜欢星期一下午的课。 4. We have art at ten o’clock我们在十点钟上美术课。 以上例句中,1句中的on用在星期名称前; 2句中的in 用在泛指的下午前; 3句中的on用在具体日子的下午前; 4句中的at用在具体的钟点时间前。 【语法全解】 常用的时间介词有in,on和at。 1. in表示“在一段时间内或一天内的部分时间”,用于世纪、年、季节、月、一段时间或泛指的一天中的上午、下午、晚上等前面。 I was born in March,2002.我出生于2002年3 月。 We have four classes in the morning. 我们在上午上四节课。 2. on表示“某一天或某一天内的部分时间”,用于星期名称、节日、具体的某一天或具体日子的上午、下午、晚上等前面。 I do my homework on Saturday morning. 我在星期六上午做家庭作业。 They will get here on July 20. 他们将在七月二十日到达这儿。 3. at表示“某指定时间”,用于钟点时间前,也可用于一天中的某段特定时间,如黎明(dawn)、中午(noon)、黄昏(dusk)、午夜 (midnight)等。 Classes begin at eight o’clock 八点钟开始上课。 They stay at home at noon.他们中午待在家里。 [表格助记]

介词专项练习题及答案

人教版中考英语专项训练介词专项练习题及答案 一、初中英语介词 1.—When did Neil Armstrong walk on the moon? —____July 20th,1969. A. In B. At C. For D. On 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意:——Neil Armstrong 什么时候登上了月球?——在1969年7月20日。for达,计,后接一段时间;on/in/at均表示在的意思,但用法不同,on用于具体的某一天前,in用于年、月,用于上、下午和晚上,季节,世纪前; at 用于时刻前。根据July 20th,1969.可知是指具体的某一天,用on,故答案选D。 【点评】考查介词辨析。注意理解选项的意思和用法。 2.The worlds longest cross-sea bridge, Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, opened ________ October 24 2018. A. in B. at C. by D. on 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意:世界最长的跨海大桥,香港-珠海-澳门大桥在2018年10月24日开通。in the morning/afternoon/evening,在早上/下午/晚上,固定搭配;at+时间点;by戒指;on+几月几日,故选D。 【点评】考查介词辨析,注意平时识记,理解句意。 3.John often takes a walk _______ his grandpa after dinner. A. to B. for C. along D. with 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意:约翰经常晚饭后和他的爷爷散步。A.朝;B.为了;C.沿着;D.和……一起。根据his grandpa,可知此处应是晚饭后跟爷爷散步,故选D。 【点评】考查介词辨析。注意句子涉及到with的词义和用法。 4.I will go around the city of Dalian by light-rail vehicle(轻轨) subway because I haven't taken it before. A. instead of B. in the face of C. along with D. across from 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意:我打算不坐地铁,坐轻轨车参观大连,因为我以前从没有坐过。 A.而不是; B.面对; C.和……一起; D.在……对面。因为原来没有坐过轻轨,所以这里是坐轻轨而不是坐地铁,故答案是A。 【点评】考查短语辨析,注意识记短语instead of的意思。 5.The high-speed train Qingdao and Beijing travels faster now. The train ride takes only about three hours.

高考介词专项练习题及答案详解

高考介词专项练习题及答案详解 一、单项选择介词 1.Citizens are _____ to exercise their rights, but under no circumstances can they violate other people’s rights. A.on track B.on schedule C.at ease D.at liberty 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 考查介词短语。句意:公民可以自由地行使自己的权利,但他们绝不能损害他人的权益。 A. on track走上正轨; B. on schedule 按时; C. at ease安逸;舒适; D. at liberty自由地。故选D。 2.Nowadays some hospitals refer to patients ________ name, not case number. A.of B.as C.by D.with 【答案】C 【解析】 考查介词辨析。句意“现在,有的医院直接登记患者的名字,而不是病号。”by name“以名字”。故选C。 3.The little pupil took his grandma the arm and walked her across the street. A.on B.by C.in D.at 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析:句意:这个小学生拉住他奶奶的膀子和她一起穿过街道。take sb. by the arm拉住某人的膀子,所以选B。 考点:考查介词 【名师点睛】介词的考查一般与方位有关,也有的是一些习惯搭配,这题就是这样。take sb by the arm拉住某人的膀子,如果是“打某人的脸”就是hit sb in the face。如果是“打某人的后背”就是用hit sb on the back。 4.Nick, it’s good for you to read some books China before you start your trip there. A.in B.for C.of D.on 【答案】D 【解析】

初中英语语法 冠词和介词

--- 冠词Articles 冠词作为一种虚词,是用来修饰名词的。冠词分为不定冠词、 定冠词和零冠词。 ?不定冠词a和an 1. a ---- e.g. a book / a hospital (用在以辅音字母开头的单词前面) 2. an ---e.g. an apple/ an engineer/ an actor/ (用于以元音字母开头的单词前) 特例: a university/ a European an honest man/ an hour ?定冠词the 1.之前提到过的人或事物,当再次提起此物或人时,用 the: e.g. There is a box in the room. And the box is mine. Judy bought a card. The card cost 5 dollars. 2. 说话双方都知道的人或事,我们也用the: e.g. Please close the door. Excuse me. Where is the hospital? It’s over there by the bank. 3. 当那人或事物是独一无二时,我们也用the:

e.g. Beijing is the capital of China. It has many attractions such as the Eiffel Tower. 在专有名词(国名/组织机构名/建筑物名)前the Great Wall the Yellow River the Summer Palace the UK the WTO the History Museum the Alps the People’s Republic of China 4. 用于某些名词或者形容词前,表示一类人,一个民族。 e.g. the Chinese 中国人the rich 富人the old 老人the young 年轻人the dead 死者the blind 聋人 the poor 穷人 零冠词(就是不需要加任何冠词) 1.交通工具名词前不用冠词 e.g. by car坐汽车by ship 坐船 by plane坐飞机on foot 步行 2. 在一日三餐名词前不用冠词。 e.g. have breakfast/ lunch/ supper 吃早饭/午饭/晚饭

专项训练介词难点、易错点

专项训练介词难点、易错点 一、初中英语介词 1.Happy birthday, Peter! Here's a gift you. A. for B. in C. with D. from 【答案】A 【解析】【分析】句意:生日快乐,彼得!这是给你的礼物。A给……;为……,B 在……里,C和……;用……;随着……,D从……,来自……。送给某人的礼物,用介词for,故选A。 【点评】本题考查介词辨析,注意理解句意。 2.—Is there ________ in today's morning news on CCTV-1? —Yes, France Team beat Korea Team by 4: 0 in the 8`h FIFA Women's World Cup in France ________ June 8, 2019. A. anything special; on B. something special; in C. special something; on D. anything special; in 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意:——在央视一今日新闻里有特殊的事情吗?——是的。法国队在2019年6月8日的法国第八届女子足球世界杯中以4:比0的成绩击败了韩国队。复合不定代词+形容词,排除B、C。问句是一般疑问句,所以用anything;on+几月几日,June 8 是几月几日,具体日期,所以用on,故选A。 【点评】考查复合不定代词及介词用法,注意平时识记,理解句意。 3.—Excuse me. Where is the nearest bookstore? —Go ________ Center Street and you'll find it. A. For B. along C. with 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意:——打扰一下。最近的书店在哪里?——一直沿着中心街走,你就会发现它。A.为了;B.沿着;C.和。go along,沿着……走,固定搭配,故选B。 【点评】考查介词辨析。注意句子涉及到固定搭配go along。 4.Let's take a walk ________ the river after diner, shall we? A. along B. through C. upon D. over 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意:让我们晚饭后沿着河流散步吧,好吗?A.沿着;B.穿过;C.根据; D.在......正上方。根据常识可知沿着河流散步,along the river,沿着河流,固定搭配,故选A。 【点评】考查介词辨析,注意平时识记其词义,理解句意。 5.The worlds longest cross-sea bridge, Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, opened ________ October 24 2018.

英语时间介词的用法

英语时间介词的用法 表示时间的介词 1)in ,on, at 在……时 一.in, on在方位名词前的区别 1.in表示A地在B地范围之内.如: Taiwan is in the southeast of China. 2.on表示A地与B地接壤、毗邻.如: North Korea is on the east of China. 二.at, in, on在表示时间上的区别 1.at指时间表示: (1)时间的一点、时刻等.如: They came home at sunrise (at noon, at midnight, at ten o’clock, at daybreak,at dawn). (2)较短暂的一段时间.可指某个节日或被认为是一年中标志大事的日子.如:He went home at Christmas (at New Year, at the Spring Festival, at night). 2.in指时间表示: (1)在某个较长的时间(如世纪、朝代、年、月、季节以及泛指的上午、下午或傍晚等)内.如: in 2004,in March, in spring, in the morning, in the evening, etc (2)在一段时间之后.一般情况下,用于将来时,谓语动词为瞬间动词,意为“在……以后”.如: He will arrive in two hours. 谓语动词为延续性动词时,in意为“在……以内”.如: These products will be produced in a month. 注意:after用于将来时间也指一段时间之后,但其后的时间是“一点”,而不是“一段”.如: He will arrive after two o’clock. 3.on指时间表示: (1)具体的时日和一个特定的时间,如某日、某节日、星期几等.如: On Christmas Day(On May 4th),there will be a celebration. (2)在某个特定的早晨、下午或晚上.如: He arrived at 10 o’clock on the night of the 5th. (3)准时,按时.如: If the train should be on time,I should reach home before dark. 三.at,in和on表示地点时的区别 1.at表示地点: (1)用于指较小的地方.如: I shall wait for you at the station. (2)用于门牌号码前.如: He lives at 115 Zhongshan Road. 2.in表示地点: (1)用于指较大的地方.如: He lives in Shanghai. (2)虽然是很小的地方,如果说话人住在那里,也可用in.商店、学校、机关等,若

完整版小学介词专项练习

小学介词专项练习 一、时间: 1)in , on,at 在……时 in表示较长时间,如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月及一般(非特指)的早、中、晚等。 如in the 20th century, in the 1950s, in 1989, in summer, in January, in the morning, in one's life , in one's thirties等。 on表示具体某一天及其早、中、晚。 如on May 1st, on Monday, on New Year's Day, on a cold night in January, on a fine morning, on Sunday afternoon等。 注意:在last, next, this, that, some, every 等词之前一律不用介词。如:We meet every day. at表示表示某一时刻或较短暂的时间,或泛指圣诞节,复活节等在:at seven o'clock, at a quarter past four, at eleven twenty, at noon, at night, at midnight, at this time of year, at the beginning of…, at the end 等。of …, at the age of …, at Christmas, at this moment1) My father usually goes to work ________ (at, in, on) 8:00. 2) The party will begin ______ (at, in, on) 2:00pm. 表示在早晨,下午,晚上:in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening. 1) We never go shopping ______ (at, in, on) the evening. 2) I get up at 7:30 _______ (at, in, on) the morning. 表示在具体某一天:on Monday, on Saturday, o n Children's Day, on June 22, 2006, on Teachers' day

高考英语一轮复习:板块3+第2讲 冠词和介词+Word版含解析

第2讲冠词和介词 [全国卷考情分析] 题型典题试做命题解读 语法填空1.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ) Modern methods of/for tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform consistently over a large area. 2.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ) Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data. 3.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ) When we got a call saying she was short-listed,we thought it was a joke. 4.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)While running regularly can't make you live forever, the review says it is more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming. 1.冠词表泛指、特指; 2.固定搭配中的冠词和介 词; 3.介词的基本用法。 短文改错1.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ) Suddenly football fell just in front of me and almost hit me.football 前面加上a 2.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ) When I studied chemistry high school, I reconsidered my goal and decided to be a doctor.chemistry后 面加上in/at 3.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons...the→a 4.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)They live far from the school,and it takes them about a hour and a 1.不定冠词a和an的错用 以及它们与the的错用; 2.冠词的多余或缺失; 3.固定搭配中冠词、介词 的错用; 4.介词与其他词搭配不当 以及介词的缺失或多余。

【英语】介词难点练习

【英语】介词难点练习 一、单项选择介词 1.I am always delighted when receiving your invitation, ______ the party on June 9th after the national college entrance examination, I shall be pleased to attend. A.On account of B.With regard to C.In response to D.In view of 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查介词词组辨析。A. On account of由于,因为;B. With regard to关于,至于;C. In response to对------有反应;D. In view of鉴于,考虑到。句意:收到您的邀请我总是很高兴,关于6月9日高考后的晚会,我很乐意参加。结合句意可知答案为B。 2.____ making decisions, the human brain cannot be compared with the computer because in the long process of evolution the slow pace of life didn't require such an ability of the human brain. A.On behalf of B.In contrast to C.In salute to D.In terms of 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意:在做决定方面,人类的大脑无法与计算机相比,因为在漫长的进化过程中,生活的缓慢节奏并不需要人类大脑有这样的能力。A. On behalf of代表;B. In contrast to相反;C. In salute to表示敬意;D. In terms of按照,在…方面。此处指在做决定方面,故选D. 3.Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68℃ ______ the average. A.below B.above C.about D.on 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查介词。句意:去年是有史以来最暖和的一年,全球气温比平均高出0.68摄氏度。A. below (the average)平均以下;B. above (the average)平均以上; C. about (the average)平均水平;D. on(the average)平均。根据Last year was the warmest year on record可知此处用“平均以上”符合语境。故选B项。 4.In matters of style, swim with the current; in matters of principle, stand __a rock A.with B.as C.by D.like

介词讲解,练习题及答案

四:介词 介词又叫前置词,是一种虚词。介词分为三种,一种是简单介词,如at, in, on, beside, to , for 等;另一种是短语介词,即由两个以上的词组组成的短语,如in front of, because of, out of, instead of等;还有一种叫二重介词,如until after, from behind等。 (一)介词的句法功能 介词不能独立在句中做成份,介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成份,表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。 1、作定语:The book on the table is mine. 2、作状语:We have breakfast at seven.(表时间);They were late for meeting because of the heavy rain.(表原因);They started the machine by pressing the button.(表方法) 3、作表语:My dictionary is in the bag. 4、作宾语补足语:I found him in the office. (二)主要介词区别 1、表示时间的at, in, on:at表示片刻的时间,如:at 8 o’clock ,常用词组有:at noon, at night, at midnight, at the end of, at that time, at the beginning of, at the age of, at Christmas, at New Year等。in表示一段的时间,如:in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, in October, in 1998, in summer, in the past, in the future等。on总是跟日子有关,on Monday, on Christmas morning, on the following, on May Day, on a warm morning等。 2、表示时间的since和from:since表示从过去到现在的一段时间的过程,常与现在完成时连用。from表示从时间的某一点开始,不涉及与现在的关系。一般多与现在时、过去时、将来时连用。如:I hope to do morning exercises from today./ We have not seen each other since 1995. 3、表示时间的in和after:两者都表示“在(某个时间)之后,区别在于in表示“在(一段时间)之后”,而after则表示“在(某一具体时间点之后)”,in短语和将来时态连用,after 短语和过去时态或将来时态连用。如:We’ll be back in three days./ After seven the rain began to fall./ What shall we do after graduation? 注意:after有时也可以表示在一段时间之后(常用在过去时里)。如:After two months he returned. 4、表示地理位置的in, on, to:in表示在某范围内,on指与什么毗邻,to指在某环境范围之外。如:Changchun is in the northeast of China./ Mongolia is on the north of China./ Japan is to the east of China. 5、表示“在……上”的on和in:on只表示在某物的表面上,而用in表示占去某物一部分。如:There is a book on the piece of paper./ There is an interesting article in the newspaper./ He dug a hole in the wall. 6、表示“穿过……”的through和across:through表示从内部通过,与in 有关;across则表示从一端至另一端在表面上的通过,与on有关。如:Water flows through the pipe./ The old man walked across the street. 7、in the corner, on the corner, at the corner:in the corner 表示在角落里,in指角的内面;on the corner表示“在角上”,on指的不是内面,也不是外面,而含内外兼有之意;at the corner 指“在拐角处”,at指的是拐角外附近的外面。如:The lamp stands in the corner of the room./ I met with him at the street corner./ He sat on the corner of the table. 8、in the end, at the end of, by the end of:in the end作“最后”、“终于”解,可单独使用,后不接介词of;at the end of 表示“在……末梢”,“到……尽头”,既可指时间,也可以指地上或物体。不可单独使用;by the end of 作“在……结束时”,“到……末为止”解,只能指时间。不

小学英语_冠词介词代词总结

一.冠词 1.1 不定冠词: 不定冠词有a 和an 两个 常考用法: (1)当第一次提到某人或某物时 例:---What is this? ---it’s a new bus stop. (2) 指某人或某物, 例: A man is waiting for you outside. (3) 用在序数词前, 例: Tom’s son was born in 2000. (4) 用于可视为一体的两个名词前 例:a knife and fork (5) 用在某些固定词组中 例:a lot (of) 许多 a few 一些 have a cold a number of have a good time have a swim=swim have a look=look 1.2 定冠词the:既表示“这个”,“那个”,又表示“这些”,“那些”;既可用在单数名词前,也可用于单数名词前。 常考用法: (1)特指某(些) 例:The lovely girl is my best friend. (2)表示世界上独一无二的事物 例:the sun太阳 the moon 月亮 the sky 天空 (3)在序数词、形容词最高级前 例:Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China. (4)习惯用法. 例:in the morning in the afternoon in the evening

1.3 不使用冠词的特殊情况 (1)国名,人名前通常不用冠词 例: I’m from England and my name is Mary. (2)表示交通工具、 例: I usually go to school on foot, but sometimes I go to school by bike. (3)季节、月份、节日 例:We go to school from Monday to Friday. (4)在三餐、球类运动 例:have breakfast play chess 玩象棋 play basketball

【英语】介词难题及答案

【英语】介词难题及答案 一、初中英语介词 1.Neil Armstrong was the first man to walk on the moon _______20 July 1969. A. in B. on C. at D. for 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意:Neil Armstrong(尼尔·阿姆斯特朗)是第一个于1969年7月20日在月球上行走的人。in指较长的时间,如week、month等以及泛指的上午下午晚上等;on 指具体某一天;at用于表示钟点;for后跟时间段。此处20 July 1969是具体的日子,故答案为B。 【点评】考查介词辨析。 2.Humans can not make progress dreams. A. with B. without C. through D. about 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意:没有了梦想,人类就不会进步。A.带着,有;B.没有;C.通过;D.关于。梦想是人类前进的动力,根据Humans can not make progress,可知人类不会进步,是因为没有梦想,应会使用介词without,故答案是B。 【点评】考查近词辨析,注意识记介词without的用法。 3.If the singer to Zigong September 20th, please call me. A. will get; on B. gets; on C. gets; in 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意:如果这个歌手在9月20号来自贡的话,请给我打电话。本题考查动词时态及介词。if 引导的条件状语,时态要遵从主将从现,从句的主语是第三人称单数,谓语动词用第三人称单数;表示具体某一天用介词on,故选B。 【点评】此题考查一般现在时和介词用法。注意if引导的条件状语从句的时态。 4.Yesterday our headmaster made a speech ________ environmental protection, and we learned something about recycling of waste. A. on B. at C. to 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意:昨天我们的校长做了一个关于环境保护的演讲,并且我们学到了一些关于废物利用的知识。on,关于,这样与学术有关;at在;to到达。演讲是关于环境保护的,而环境保护是有关学术的,故选A。 【点评】考查介词辨析,注意平时识记其词义,理解句意。 5.—Shall we stop and wait for others? —Sounds good. I think they will catch up______ a few minutes.

关于时间的介词

时间介词in / on / at / for / from…to / since / during 关于时间的介词 On 表示星期几,具体的某一天和某一天的上午,下午,晚上,意味在、、、、 On Sunday 在星期天 . On May 2nd在5月2日 On Monday evening 在星期一晚上 In 参与上午、下午、晚上等词连用,构成固定短语;参与月份,季节,年份。 In August 在八月in summer 在夏天in 2012 在2012年 In the morning in the afternoon in the evening At 表示在某一个具体的时间,或表示在一个节假日期间 At six 在六点at night 在晚上 At spring festival 在春节at the weekend 在周末 at mid-autumn festival 在中秋节 1. in表示在某段时间 Year / month / season / morning / afternoon / night / day / century In summer In the morning In April In 2012 In 19century 2. on表示具体某一天或具体某一天的早上,下午,晚上或一般节日等 On May 1st On a sunny morning On Mother’s Day I will call you on Sunday. 3. at表示在具体的时刻, 钟点,夜里,中午,或某些词组中 At six o’clock At night

英语介词练习题含答案

英语介词练习题含答案 一、初中英语介词 1.Look at the picture on the right! She is going _______. A. into the library B. out of the post office C. into the supermarket 【答案】C 【解析】【分析】句意:看右边的图画!她要去超级市场。A. into the library进图书馆;B. out of the post office走出邮局;C. into the supermarket进超市。根据右边的图片可以看到这名妇女正要走进超市,结合选项,故答案为C。 【点评】考查图片辨析。看懂图片,理解题意,注意熟记表示地点的名词。 2.I'll be at home __________ Sunday morning. You can phone me then. A. on B. in C. at D. to 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意:在周日早上我将在家,那时你可以给我打电话。on+具体时间;in+the+morning/afternoon/evening,在早上/下午/晚上;at+时间点。Sunday morning指的是周日早上,指的是具体日期,所以用on,故选A。 【点评】考查介词辨析,注意平时识记on、in、at的区别。 3.John often takes a walk _______ his grandpa after dinner. A. to B. for C. along D. with 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意:约翰经常晚饭后和他的爷爷散步。A.朝;B.为了;C.沿着;D.和……一起。根据his grandpa,可知此处应是晚饭后跟爷爷散步,故选D。 【点评】考查介词辨析。注意句子涉及到with的词义和用法。 4.Humans can not make progress dreams. A. with B. without C. through D. about 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意:没有了梦想,人类就不会进步。A.带着,有;B.没有;C.通过;D.关于。梦想是人类前进的动力,根据Humans can not make progress,可知人类不会进步,是因为没有梦想,应会使用介词without,故答案是B。 【点评】考查近词辨析,注意识记介词without的用法。 5. , I found the job boring, but soon I got used to it.

地方前介词和冠词的使用

法语——地方前介词与冠词的使用 一、一般地方,城市,国家前介词和冠词使用情况表 du=de+le;des=de+les;au=à+le;aux=à+les 如果国名以e结尾,那么它是阴性的。如果不是,那就是阳性。所有的大陆词汇都是阴性的。特例:le Cambodge, le Mexique, le Za?re, le Zimbabwe和le Mozambique。一些城市也有冠词,诸如La Nouvelle-Orléans (New Orleans). 例:Je vais àla boulangerie. =I'm going to the bakery. 我要去面包房。 Il vient de Londres. =He comes from London. 他来自伦敦。 On va en France demain. =We're going to France tomorrow. 我们明天去法国。 Tu viens du Mexique ? =You come from Mexico? 你来自墨西哥? 二、地区省和州之前的介词用法表: To / In From Feminine en de Islands àde / d' Masc. w/ Vowel en / dans l' d' / de l' Masc. w/ Consonant au / dans le du 例:Elles habitent en Californie. =They live in California. 她们住在加利福尼亚。 Il est de Haute-Savoie. =He is from Haute-Savoie. 他来自上萨瓦省。 Ce fromage vient du Nord. =This cheese comes from Nord. 这乳酪来自北方。

介词难题及答案

中考英语介词难题及答案 一、初中英语介词 1.— Is this Mike's dictionary? — No, it's mine. The thick one on the desk is . A. his B. yours C. hers D. theirs 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意:——这是迈克的字典吗?——不,是我的。桌子上最厚的那个是他的。A他的,B你的,C,她的,D他们的,根据Is this Mike's,可知此处指代第三人称单数表示男性,故用his,故选A。 【点评】考查名词性物主代词辨析,注意指代第三人称单数表示男性用his的用法。 2.We communicate _____ each other in many ways, such as by e-mail or by phone. A. on B. through C. in D. with 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意:我们用很多方法相互联系,比如通过电子邮件或者电话。communicate with,与某人联系,与某人保持联系,固定搭配,故答案是D。 【点评】考查介词辨析,注意识记固定搭配communicate with的用法。 3.A recent study in Australia shows that parents are the top five world's hardest jobs. A. between B. among C. from D. above 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意:澳大利亚最近研究显示父母位于世界上最难的前五名工作。A.在……之间;表两者之间 B.在……之间,表三者或三者以上的之间;C.来自;D.在……上面。此处表示父母在世界上前五名最难的工作之间,超过两者之间,用among,在……之间,故选B。 【点评】考查介词辨析。注意句子涉及到between和among的词义和用法。 4.I want to learn a second foreign language English. A. except B. beside C. besides D. except for 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意:除了英语外我想再学习一门外语。beside在……旁边;except 除……之外,不包括在范围之内;besides除……之外还有: except for除……以外; except for 后接的词同句子中的整体词(主语)不是同类的,指从整体中除去一个细节,一个方面;而except后接的词同整体词(主语)一般是同类,指在同类的整体中除去一个部分。根据second,可知英语已经学了,可知此处是除……之外还有,故选C。 【点评】此题考查介词辨析。先弄清所给介词意思,然后根据上下文的联系和句意确定所使用的介词。 5.My English teacher always comes into the classroom ____a smile.

相关文档
相关文档 最新文档