2015年高考英语真题分类汇编 专题01 冠词、名词和主谓一致

专题一冠词、名词和主谓一致

1.【2015·湖北】21.When he was running after his brother, the boy lost his ___ and had a bad fall.

A. balance B .chance C .memory D .place

【答案】A

【考点定位】名词词义辨析

【名师点睛】本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析名词词义的能力。四个选项都可以跟前面的动词lose搭配。考生应抓住题干中关键信息“had a bad fall（重重地摔了一跤）”，不禁会产生疑问：怎么会摔了一跤呢？然后根据搭配l ose one’s balance“失去平衡”锁定正确答案。

2.【2015·湖北】22.He gave himself a new name to hide his ____ when he went to carry out the secret task.

A. emotion

B. talent

C. identity

D. treasure

【答案】C

【解析】

试题分析：句意：他执行一项秘密任务时，给自己起了一个新的名字来掩盖身份。A项“情绪”；B项“才能”；C项“身份”；D项“财富”。故选C项。

【考点定位】名词词义辨析

【名师点睛】考生解答本题的关键是抓住题干中的关键词“secret task（秘密任务）”和“ gave himself a new name（给自己取了个新名字）”，然后推知肯定是为了“hide his identity （掩藏身份）”，从而锁定正确答案。

3.【2015·安徽】30.There is no need to tell me your answer now. Give it some ______ and then let me know.

A. thought

B. support

C. protection

D. authority

【答案】A

【解析】

试题分析：句意：现在没必要告诉我答案，你再思考一下，之后告诉我。A思考；B支持；C 保护；D权威，当局。这里指让对方再好好想想，故选A。

【考点定位】考查名词辨析

【名师点睛】本题考查名词辨析。该种题型要求学生积累一定的词汇量，四个词的意思分别是“思考”；“支持”；“保护”和“权威”；其次，做题时需要结合句意进行综合考虑。根据第一句和“and then let me know”可知，现在不急着告诉“我”答案，由此可知是让对方再想想。

4.【2015·江苏】3

5.—Go and say sorry to your Mom, Dave.

—I’d like to, but I’m afraid she won’t be happy with my ______ .

A. requests

B. excuses

C. apologies

D. regrets 【答案】C

【解析】

试题分析：句意：—Dave，去跟你的妈妈道歉。—我想这样做，但是我担心她对我的道歉不满意。A项“请求”；B项“借口”；C项“道歉”；D项“遗憾，后悔”。故选C项。

【考点定位】名词词义辨析

【名师点睛】本题侧重考查在情景交际中辨析名词词义的能力。语境较为简单，考生只要抓住上文中的关键词“say sorry to”就可以锁定正确答案。因此，考生可以试着将词汇放在日常的情景交际中进行操练，加强对词汇的语境理解，可以达到事半功倍的效果。

5.【2015·江苏】32.Some schools will have to make ______ in agreement with the national soccer reform.

A. judgments

B. adjustments

C. comments

D. achievements 【答案】B

【解析】

试题分析：句意：为了与国家的足球改革相适应，一些学校必须做出调整。A项“判断，决断”；B项“调整”；C项“评价，评论”；D项“成就”。故选B项。

【考点定位】名词词义辨析

【名师点睛】本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析名词词义的能力。四个选项都可以跟前面的动词make搭配。因此，考生除了要充分利用特定语境理解词义，还应注意多积累可以跟同一动词搭配的名词。另外还可以利用固定搭配排除C项make本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析名词词义的能力。comments on“对……做出评价/评论”，缩小正确答案的范围。

6.【2015·福建】24.The failure was a big__________to him, but he wasn't discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever.

A. blow

B. issue

C. excuse

D. Factor

【答案】A

【解析】

试题分析：考查名词辨析A.blow打击;B.issue问题;C.excuse借口;D.factor要素。该句意思为：这个失败对他来说是一个打击，但是他没有泄气，很快振作恢复了原来的热情。故选A 【考点定位】考查名词辨析。

【名师点睛】名词也是高考英语复习的重点。对名词的考点无处不在，尤其是在阅读写作的过程中，考生对于名词的熟悉程度对于成绩是有很大影响的，要加强词汇、短语的记忆，要避免单纯地死记硬背，应注意结合语境，在理解的基础上熟记典型例句和常用搭配，总结规律，并根据自己的记忆特点，选择科学的记忆方法。记忆单词应和阅读结合起来，把单词融入句子中和语境中，利用上下文来帮助记忆。

7.【2015·湖南】27. It is important to remember that success ________ a sum of small efforts made each day and often ________ years of achieve.

A. is; takes

B. are; takes

C. are; take

D. is; take 【答案】A

【解析】

试题分析：主谓一致指“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系。根据分析，第一空的谓语要填一个单数，因为此宾语从句：…that success a sum of…day.的主语是success，一个单数名词，故谓语要用is；后面的句子：often years to achieve.的主语也是success，故第二空的谓语也是一个单数形式。句意：成功是将每天一小点努力积累起来，是需要多年的努力去达到，记住这些很重要。

【考点定位】考查主谓一致原则

【名师点睛】本题旨在考查主谓一致原则，要求学生掌握这一原则和用法，确定句子主语的单复数，不要受其他干扰项干扰而答错。主谓一致是指：1）语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。2）意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。3）就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语，一般来说，不可数

名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。4）就远原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于

离它最远的词语，一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。

8.【2015·陕西】14. more learned a man is, more modest be usually become.

A. The ; the

B. A; a

C. The ; a

D. A; the

【答案】A

【考点定位】考查冠词

【名师点睛】冠词的考查集中在the表示特指；a/an表示泛指。另外要注意冠词的一些固定

搭配中冠词的使用。这里用的是：the +比较级+主谓， the +比较级+主谓的句型，学生在平

时应该多积累这些包含冠词的短语和句型。

9.【2015·四川】5.Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be Beethoven.

A. a

B. an

C. the

D.不填

【答案】A

【解析】

试题分析：考查冠词。本题考查不定冠词在人名前，表示：一个像…那样的人。故选择A，句

意为：Brian在创作音乐上极有才华，他很有可能成为一个像贝多芬那样的人才。

【考点定位】考查冠词

【名师点睛】考查冠词。冠词是高考英语中的难点和重点，考生在冠词试题上失分较多，主

要是缺乏语感，对一些知识点掌握不够透彻。本题中首先根据Beethoven排除选项B，因为不

定冠词an用于以元音音素开头的单词前。通常情况下人名前是不加冠词的，但是如果指一个

像某个名人的人时，在这个人名前加不定冠词。

10.【2015·浙江】2. Jane’s grandmother had wanted to write children’s book

for many years, but one thing or another always got in way.

A. a;不填

B. the;the

C. 不填;the

D. a;the

【答案】D

【解析】

试题分析：句意：多年来，简的奶奶想写一本有关于儿童的书，但总是被这样或那样的原因

阻碍了。第一个空使用不定冠词表泛指，第二个in the way 是固定搭配，意为挡道或阻碍。

定冠词用于特指或者是固定搭配，不定冠词用于泛指。选D。

【考点定位】考查冠词的使用

【名师点睛】冠词的考查一直以来是一个易错点，虽然冠词只有3个(a , an, the) 但是麻

雀虽小五脏俱全，考查起来往往会弄错。名词第一次出现或泛指时，冠词用a/an，，但名词

的首字母是（A、E、I、O、U）发音时，用an, 如：apple, English, important, operation,

unusual, 特殊的有umbrella, hour, honest用an, university, unique, usual 用 a。

名词第二次出现用the；①强调特指时用the；②the + 最高级，③ the + 形容词（rich 【富

人】, poor【穷人】, wounded【伤者】, dead【死者】, elderly【长者】）表某一类人④

the+比较级（the more .. the better）⑤the +序数词（表顺序）; a+ 序数词（表“又，

再”），⑥固定搭配 (in the way 挡道)

另外也需要注意零冠词的情况。零冠词用法归纳：独一职位在某地，用作表/补/同位语；独

立主格作状语，用by短语表方式；man字一词指人类，对比含义两名词；系词turn+名单数，

街/路/期刊与杂志；具体意义变抽象，as/though之倒装句；人名/地名/国一词，抽象/物质

不特指；桥名/单岛/单山峰，一专加一普专用词；月份/星期/节假日，学科/语言/称呼语；

颜色/病名/五感觉，棋类/球类/三餐词；复数名词系泛指，固定词组惯用语；以上情况请记

住，其前均用零冠词。

11.【2015·浙江】15. One of the most effective ways to reduce is to talk

about feeling with someone you trust.

A. production

B. stress

C. energy

D. passive

【答案】B

【解析】

试题分析：句意：一种最有效的减压方法就是和你觉得信任的人谈谈你的想法。A. production

意为产品， B. stress意为压力， C. energy意为能源， D. passive意为力量。此题考查

的是4个名词的词义辨析，需要正确理解该句的语义。根据常识可以知道，和别人谈心应该

来说是减压。所以答案是B. stress意为压力。

【考点定位】考查名词词义辨析

【名师点睛】对于名词的考查，通常是以单项选择或词语运用形式考查名词词义及其用法，以及学生在具体语言环境中灵活运用名词的能力。在名词的用法方面，有可能是与固定搭配有关，也有可能根据语意。需要学生平时记忆常见名词的意思及相关用法。

12.【2015·重庆】3. I just heard____ bank where Dora works was robbed by____ gunman wearing a mask.

A.the; /

B. a; /

C. the; a

D. a; the 【答案】C

【考点定位】考查冠词。

【名师点睛】冠词的运用要把握 a 一般表示泛指某一类人或物，意为“任何一个，任一” 。the 表示表示特指，或有某类型的修饰。定冠词的用法口诀，特指双熟悉，上文已提及；世上独无二，序数最高级；某些专有名，习语及乐器要牢记对于做题非常有帮助。

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