青岛大学211翻译硕士英语2016-2017年考研专业课真题试卷

青岛大学2017年翻译专业硕士研究生入学试题

科目代码：211科目名称：翻译硕士英语（共9页）

请写明题号，将答案全部写在答题纸上，答在试卷上无效

???I GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY(20Points)

There are twenty sentences in this section.For each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one word or phrase that best completes each sentence.

1.?he issue of e-commerce did not any detailed discussions at the

conference.

?.take delight in B.give rise to

C.give way to

D.take advantage of

2.Bing aware of the potential objections,they launched a reform at the

beginning stage.

?.humble B.modest C.timid D.middle

3.Fingerprints form an unchangeable despite changes in the individual’s

appearance or age.

?.mark B.sign C.remark D.signature

4.It is illegal in some countries that children unattended at home.

?.be left B.left C.are leaving D.being left

5.?new material,we have good reason to be optimistic.

?.developed B.being developed

C.was being developed

D.was developed

6.I think much attention your pronunciation.

?.must be paid to B.ought to be paid to

C.must pay to

D.should be paid to

7.Hurry up,or the tickets out by the time we get there.

?.will have sold B.will sell

C.have sold

D.will have been sold

1

8.Nothing helps success more than what you are doing.

?.know B.to know C.be known to D.knowing

9.Because of my?ussian,I cannot make myself.

?.broken;understood B.broken;understand

C.break;understood

D.breaking;understanding

10.It is better to die on one’s feet than.

?.live on one’s knees B.living one’s knees

C.on one’s knees

D.to live on one’s knees

11.In the Christian religion,the lucky number13back to the Last

Supper.

?.tracks B.traces C.dates D.tails

12.When we are reading,the important thing is to the essential

meaning,not to learn every single word.

?.clasp B.grab C.grasp D.grapple

13.He applied for a(n)position in a company.

?.empty B.vacant C.vacuum D.margin

14.?he Channel?unnel is one of the biggest engineering projects ever.

?.understated B.undertaken C.undergone D.underneath

15.Water enters into a great variety of chemical reactions,have been

mentioned in previous pages.

?.a few of it B.a few of that C.a few of them D.a few of which 16.?hey will have you if you don’t pay your taxes.

?.to be arrested B.arrest C.arrested D.being arrested

17.Small boys are questioners.?hey ask questions all the time.

?.original B.imaginative C.peculiar D.persistent

18.Some people avoid questions of right and wrong or remain neutral

about them.

?.violently B.enthusiastically C.sincerely D.deliberately

19.Despite their good service,most inns are less costly than hotels of

standards.

?.equivalent B.alike C.uniform D.likely

2

2016年青岛大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解【圣才出品】

2016年青岛大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解 PART IGRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY (20 Points) There are twenty sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one word or phrase that best completes each sentence. 1. The fuel of the continental missile is supposed to be by this device. A. ignited B. lighted C. fired D. inspired 【答案】A 【解析】句意：这个洲际导弹的燃料应该用这种装置点燃。ignite多用于科技文体，指使用火花使易燃物迅速燃烧起来。fire为普通用词，指将某物点燃使其燃烧起来。light指点燃易燃物，使其能发光，满足各种需要。 2. The police have offered a large for information leading to the robber’s arrest. A. award B. compensation C. prize

【答案】D 【解析】句意：reward意为“酬谢，奖赏”，尤指因表现出色或向他人提供帮助或服务而得到的酬谢；award尤指因成绩卓越由官方决定颁发的“奖品，奖金”；compensation 尤指因损失而给予的“补偿，赔偿”；prize指在比赛中获得的“奖品，奖赏”。 3. The driver thinks accidents only happen to other people. A. average B. common C. usual D. normal 【答案】A 【解析】句意：一般的司机都认为车祸只会发生在别人身上。average普通的，一般的，它强调的是一般水准或普通水准。common有时引申为“平凡的”，强调事物的共同性。usual通常的，惯常的，强调“习惯性的，符合规章制度的”。 4. In our highly technological society, the number of jobs for unskilled workers is . A. shrinking B. obscuring C. altering D. constraining

青岛大学211翻译硕士英语2016-2017年考研专业课真题试卷

青岛大学2017年翻译专业硕士研究生入学试题 科目代码：211科目名称：翻译硕士英语（共9页） 请写明题号，将答案全部写在答题纸上，答在试卷上无效 ???I GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY(20Points) There are twenty sentences in this section.For each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one word or phrase that best completes each sentence. 1.?he issue of e-commerce did not any detailed discussions at the conference. ?.take delight in B.give rise to C.give way to D.take advantage of 2.Bing aware of the potential objections,they launched a reform at the beginning stage. ?.humble B.modest C.timid D.middle 3.Fingerprints form an unchangeable despite changes in the individual’s appearance or age. ?.mark B.sign C.remark D.signature 4.It is illegal in some countries that children unattended at home. ?.be left B.left C.are leaving D.being left 5.?new material,we have good reason to be optimistic. ?.developed B.being developed C.was being developed D.was developed 6.I think much attention your pronunciation. ?.must be paid to B.ought to be paid to C.must pay to D.should be paid to 7.Hurry up,or the tickets out by the time we get there. ?.will have sold B.will sell C.have sold D.will have been sold 1

2016年南开大学翻译硕士考研考试科目参考书真题

2016年南开大学翻译硕士考研考试科目参考书真题 专业代码、名称及研究方 向考试科目备注 055102英语口译(专业学位)①101思想政治理论②211翻译硕士英语③357英语翻译基础④448汉语写作与百科知识 专业硕士。不允少数民族许 骨干计划、强军计划和国防 生报考。本专业招生名额： Y45M7，其中20名只招收非 应届生，25名只招收应届 生，招生名额单列，不含在 外国语学院计划录取的 Y51M23中。_01英语口译 专业课的复习和应考有着与公共课不同的策略和技巧，虽然每个考生的专业不同，但是在总体上都有一个既定的规律可以探寻。以下就是针对考研专业课的一些十分重要的复习方法和技巧。 一、专业课考试的方法论对于报考本专业的考生来说，由于已经有了本科阶段的专业基础和知识储备，相对会比较容易进入状态。但是，这类考生最容易产生轻敌的心理，因此也需要对该学科能有一个清楚的认识，做到知己知彼。 跨专业考研或者对考研所考科目较为陌生的同学，则应该快速建立起对这一学科的认知构架，第一轮下来能够把握该学科的宏观层面与整体构成，这对接下来具体而丰富地掌握各个部分、各个层面的知识具有全局和方向性的意义。做到这一点的好处是节约时间，尽快进入一个陌生领域并找到状态。很多初入陌生学科的同学会经常把注意力放在细枝末节上，往往是浪费了很多时间还未找到该学科的核心，同时缺乏对该学科的整体认识。 其实考研不一定要天天都埋头苦干或者从早到晚一直看书，关键的是复习效率。要在持之以恒的基础上有张有弛。具体复习时间则因人而异。一般来说，考生应该做到平均一周有一天的放松时间。 四门课中，专业课（数学也属于专业课）占了300分，是考生考入名校的关键，这300分最能拉开层次。例如，专业课考试中，分值最低的一道名词解释一般也有4分或者更多，

华侨大学211翻译硕士英语2018年考研初试真题

华侨大学2018年硕士研究生入学考试专业课试卷 （答案必须写在答题纸上） 招生专业翻译 科目名称翻译硕士英语科目代码 211 Part I Vocabulary and structure (30%) Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best complete the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the center. 1.Propaganda is generally considered to be a form of ______. A. education B. upbringing C. indoctrination D. instruction 2.In some circles, the traditional ____ attitude toward women is coming back. They believe that women’s proper domain is in the kitchen. A.sexual B. sexy C. sexist D. sex 3.Liu Xiang was awarded a gold medal in the world championships. He ____ a lot of hard training. A. should have experienced B. must have experienced C. should experience D. must experience 4. Yesterday in our oral class, we were talking about economics. Somehow we got ____ the subject of inflation. A. about B. up C. onto D. in 5. He spent the whole day yesterday trying to get rid of the ____ in his garden. A. grass B. hay C. weeds D. wild herbs 6. As we all know, blue skies are not always a _________ of fine weather. A. conversion B. preservation C. guarantee D. safety 7. Doctors are often caught in a ________ because they have to decide whether they should tell their patients the truth or not. A. dilemma B. puzzle C. perplexity D. bewilderment 8. Many people have the _________ that wealth is the chief cause of happiness. A. delusion B. illusion C. fantasy D. image 9. If we believe something is good and true we should _____ to it. A. hold up B. keep on C. hold on D. keep up 1 / 10

2015年青岛大学翻译硕士(MTI)考研参考书,考研报录比

【温馨提示】现在很多小机构虚假宣传，育明教育咨询部建议考生一定要实地考察，并一定要查看其营业执照，或者登录工商局网站查看企业信息。 目前，众多小机构经常会非常不负责任的给考生推荐北大、清华、北外等名校，希望广大考生在选择院校和专业的时候，一定要慎重、最好是咨询有丰富经验的考研咨询师. 2015年青岛大学考研 青岛大 学1:3 1-《（英语版）Dictionary of Translation Studies.Mark Shuttleworth&Moira Cowie》2004年，上海外语教育出版 社； 2-（中文版）《翻译研究词典》谭载喜 主译，2005年，外语教学与研究出版 社； 3-《高级汉语翻译理论与实践》叶子 南，第二版，2008年，清华大学出版 社； 4-《名作精译—<中国翻译>英译汉— 汉译英选萃》（各一册），杨平，2006 年，青岛出版社； 5-《英美文化与英汉翻译》（汉英）， 汪福祥、伏力，（修订版）2008年， 外文出版社； 6-《百科知识考点精编与真题解析》， 李国正编著光明日报出版社2013 7-《应用文写作》，夏晓鸣，第二版， 2010年复旦大学出版社； 口译8人，笔译12人。同等 学力加试： 1、基础口译 2、英汉互译。 加试用书： 《实用文本汉译英》方梦之， 2004年，青岛出版社； 《英汉对比研究》，连淑能， 1993年，高等教育出版社。

最近两年的《中国翻译》期刊。 专业课的复习和应考有着与公共课不同的策略和技巧，虽然每个考生的专业不同，但是在总体上都有一个既定的规律可以探寻。以下就是针对考研专业课的一些十分重要的复习方法和技巧。 一、专业课考试的方法论对于报考本专业的考生来说，由于已经有了本科阶段的专业基

青岛大学2015年翻译硕士考研真题及答案

辽宁大学2011年翻译硕士考研真题及 答案 历年真题是最权威的，最直接了解各专业考研的复习资料，考生要重视和挖掘其潜在价值，尤其是现在正是冲刺复习阶段，模拟题和真题大家都要多练多总结，下面分享辽宁大学2011年翻译硕士考研真题及答案，方便考生使用。 辽宁大学2011年翻译硕士考研真题及答案 I. Translate the following phrases into English or Chinese. (2X20=40) 1. the National People’s Congress 2. Fortune Forum 3. public benefit advertisement 4. GNP(gross national product) 5. EU Integration 6. chronic fatigue syndrome 7. labor mobility 8. international practice 9. on-line settlement 10. poverty relief 11.安居工程 12.双边关系 13.和平统一 14.和谐社会 15.国有企业 16.经济特区 17.科技创新 18.小康社会 19.和平共处 20.团队精神 II. Translate the following sentences into Chinese, (5X5=25) 1. A shy, retiring man known to his own Columbia University students as a dull lecturer, he had the brilliance of mind that made him the teacher of his time, respected by presidents and philosophers alike. 2. Somehow a balance must be struck. The government runs the risk of drawing fire from conservative Malay political quarters if plans to boost English fluency appear to threaten the status of the Malay language* But judging from the pragmatism now coloring government development programs, some of the nationalistic obsessions of the past appear to be receding. 3. Amid mounting social discontent over inflation, the government leaders have used swift police action to drive home the futility of public protest. 4. Researchers have established that when people are mentally engaged, biochemical changes occur in the brain that allow it to act more effectively in cognitive areas such as attention

2014年南开大学翻译硕士考研录取分数线录取名单

2014年南开大学翻译硕士考研录取分数线录取名单 2014年录取情况 英语笔译排名 排 名姓名考生编号总分复试成绩录取成绩专业名称1王健1005543333103143898681.08英语笔译2潘亚薇1005540000050543848479.68英语笔译3金周琴10055400000504437784.679.08英语笔译4段冰玉10055433331571737584.278.68英语笔译5张兰10055400000511338580.878.52英语笔译6靳羽姗10055400000504535789.178.48英语笔译7徐巧洁10055433330535136783.977.6英语笔译7伊宁10055433331031536285.477.6英语笔译9马晓辉10055400000505136085.877.52英语笔译10吴海阳10055433331502135785.877.16英语笔译11李那托10055433331012336682.676.96英语笔译12赵渝10055400000511736881.976.92英语笔译13孙毓泽10055433330904035884.476.72英语笔译14徐凯10055400000510537678.776.6英语笔译15林曦群1005543333114153588476.56英语笔译16高晨10055433331494337778.276.52英语笔译17刘璐10055433331522836381.976.32英语笔译18于澜10055400000511136581.176.24英语笔译19吴双1005543333129113568375.92英语笔译20王镇10055400000510237776.575.84英语笔译21白燕10055400000503737477.275.76英语笔译22黄海玲10055400000504336478.174.92英语笔译23彭冉10055433331522935979.474.84英语笔译24谢元妍10055433331792635879.274.64英语笔译25张杰10055433331494536277.474.4英语笔译26王彩10055433331303536176.774英语笔译27杨健1005540000051073647573.68英语笔译28刘晨明10055433331494435672.871.84英语笔译29姚雪婧10055400000511036071.171.64英语笔译30王晗10055433331464536369.571.36英语笔译 英语口译排名 排 名姓名考生编号总分复试成绩录取成绩专业名称

2013年青岛大学英语翻译硕士考研真题及其答案解析

财教创办北大、人大、中、北外授 训营对视频集、一一保分、、小班 2013年青岛大学 英语翻译硕士 考研真题及答案解析 育明教育梁老师提醒广大考生: 历年考研真题资料是十分珍贵的,研究真题有利于咱们从中分析出题人的思路和心态,因为每年专业课考试不管在题型还是在内容上都有很高的相似度，考研学子们一定要重视. 有什么疑问可以随时联系育明教育梁老师,我会为根据各位考生的具体情况提供更加有针对性的指导。 翻译硕士英语 第一部分是单选和改错，共30分，题目与往年有所不同，句子比较长也比较难读懂。（育明提示：可能是从国外的一些期刊报纸上面摘录下来的原句，所以大家平时注意多读一些原汁原味的英文期刊。） 第二部分是阅读理解，40分，文章不长，难度中等，最后一篇比较难一些，是写的关于林肯的祖父那一辈在美国的生活经历。 第三部分是作文，与往年有所不同，今年的作文由400词变成了500词，题目大概是Is Postgraduate Study Necessary When Job Is So Hard to Come by? 英语翻译基础 第一部分术语解释CBD CPI EMBA CPA 金砖四国 保障性住房 学历门槛 自主创新能力 西部大开发 橙色预警 后面忘了…… 第二部分英译汉50分。是关于depression 的文章。 第二部分汉译英60分。是关于《舌尖上的中国》，食品安全的问题，篇幅很短育明提示：青大的翻译题目与其他学校相比篇幅都不长，所以不用担心时间不够用的问题，如果觉得时间比较充裕的话可以先在草稿纸上打草，再在答卷纸上写，这样写的看起来比较整洁。 汉语写作与百科知识

南开大学翻译硕士考研考试大纲,报录比

2014年翻译硕士视频课程+近三年真题+笔记+公共课阅卷人一对一指导=2500元 7月1日前报名，8折优惠！ 北大、人大、北外、北师、首师大老师领衔辅导！ 2013年包揽北大、贸大、苏大、川外、北外、南大、西外翻译硕士考研状元！ legal reform法制改革 legal representation法律代理 legal work法律工作 legally convincing evidence确凿的法律证据 legislation, decision, supervision, election, appointment and dismissal立法、决策、审查、选举、任命和罢免的职权 Legislative Affairs Office法制办公室 legislative and regulatory reform法律法规改革 Legislative codification法律成文化（法典化） legislative, administrative and enforcement systems立法、管理和执行机制★★★★★ leisure activities休闲业 lend to private companies向私营企业贷款 lender of last resort最后贷款人 lending institution贷款机构 lending portfolio贷款组合

lending rate贷款利率 lending standards贷款标准 Length of Long Distance Optical Cable Lines长途光缆线路长度 lengthening life expectancy延长人均预期寿命 less developed region欠发达地区 less-polluting industries低污染的工业 Letter of Credit信用证 level of educational attainment教育程度/学历 level playing field公平竞争★★★★★ levies and charges规费 levies imposed on various activities of farmers针对农民的各种各样的收费 levy unauthorized fees违例收费/乱收费 levy征收 liabilities负债★★★★ liability insurance责任保险(责任保险是以被保险人对第三者依法应负的赔偿责任为保险标的的险种。按承保范围不同，责任保险主要分为公众责任保险、产品责任保险、雇主责任保险、职业责任保险等类型。) ★ licensing new funds注册新资金 licensing practice and procedures授权实务和程序 licensing regime许可措施★ life insurance人寿保险★ life-insurers人寿保险公司 life-time employment practices终生雇用制 LIFO Last In First Out后进先出 limitation on access准入限制 limited liability company（LLC）有限责任公司★ limited liability corporation有限责任公司★★★★ limited liability partnership有限责任合伙 limited recourse有限追索 limiting the scope for arbitrage限制套汇范围 line item单列项 line ministry业务部门★★★★ line of credit信贷额度 lines of business业务范围★ liquefied petroleum gas液化石油气 liquidation company清算公司 liquidation fee清算费用 liquidation liability in case of dissolution or bankruptcy 解散和破产时的清算责任6 liquidation team清算小组 liquidation清算,清盘

宁波大学2016年《211翻译硕士英语》考研专业课真题试卷

宁波大学2016年攻读硕士学位研究生 入学考试试题(A 卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上) 考试科目: 翻译硕士英语科目代码：211 适用专业:英语笔译第1页共9页Part I.Vocabulary and Grammar (30points:20for Section A,and 10for Section B)Section A:There are 20incomplete sentences in this section.For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. 1.Even though he was guilty,the ________judge did not send him to prison. A.merciful B.impartial C.conscientious D.conspicuous 2.The education ________for the coming year is about $4billion,which is much more than what people expected.A.allowance B.reservation C.budget D.finance 3.They had fierce ________as to whether their company should restore the trade relationship which was broken year ago. A.debate B.clash C.disagreement D.context 4.They tossed your thoughts back and forth for over an hour,but still could not make _____of them. A.impression https://www.wendangku.net/doc/102596991.html,prehension C.meaning D.sense 5.The politician says he will ________the welfare of the people. A.prey on B.take on C.get at D.see to 6.If you ________the bottle and cigarettes,you’ll be much healthier. A.take off B.keep off C.get off D.set off 7.He was ________to steal the money when he saw it lying on the table. A.dragged B.tempted C.elicited D.attracted 8.Beijing somewhat short sighted,she had the habit of ________at people.A.glancing B.peering C.gazing D.scanning 9.Of the thousands of known volcanoes in the world,the ________majority are inactive. A.tremendous B.demanding C.intensive D.overwhelming 10.In general,matters which lie entirely within state borders are the ________concern of state governments. A.extinct B.excluding C.excessive D.exclusive 11.The food was rather ________and needed gingering up. A.slippery B.inscribe C.invisible D.insipid 12.I don't ________expert knowledge of this subject. A.profess B.confess C.confirm D.confront 13.He had no ________about his talents as a singer. A.illuminations B.illustrations C.allusions D.illusions 14.There is not much time left;so I’ll tell you about it ________.A.in detail B.in brief C.in short D.in all 15.In this factory,suggestions often have to wait for months before they are fully ________. A.admitted B.acknowledged C.absorbed D.considered 16.There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened,________a sudden loud noise.

青岛大学考研真题翻译硕士英语2011

青岛大学2011年翻译专业硕士研究生入学试题 科目代码：211 科目名称：翻译硕士英语 (共9 页) 请写明题号，将答案全部写在答题纸上，答在试卷上无效 PART I GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY (20 Points) There are forty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. 1. The three men tried many times to sneak across the border into the neighboring country, _____ by the police each time.　 A. had been captured B. being always captured C. only to be captured D. unfortunately captured 2. It is not so much the language _____ the cultural background that makes the book difficult to understand.　 A. but B. nor C. like D. as 3. He’s ____ as a “bellyacher” — he’s always complaining about something.　 A. who is known B. whom is known C. what is known D. which is known 4. ______ he always tries his best to complete it on time.　 A. However the task is hard B. However hard the task is C. Though hard the task is D. Though hard is the task 5. My cousin likes eating very much, but he isn’t very ___ about the food he eats.　 A. special B. peculiar C. particular D. specific 6. One third of the Chinese in the United States live in California, in the San Francisco area. A. remarkably B. severely C. drastically D. predominantly 7. More often than not, it is difficult to ______ the exact meaning of a Chinese idiom in English.　 A. exchange B. transfer C. convey D. convert 8. The scientists have absolute freedom as to what research they think it best to___.　 A. engage B. devote C. seek D. pursue 9. The local authorities realized the need to make ___for elderly people in their housing programs.　 A. preparation B. requirement C. specification D. provision 10. ______I sympathize, I can’t really do very much to help them out of the difficulties.　 A. As long as B. As C. While D. Even 11. During the famine, many people were _____ to going without food for days.　 A. sunk B. reduced C. forced D. declined 12. You must insist that students give a truthful answer ______ with the reality of their

2015年考研南开大学翻译硕士2010年211翻译硕士英语考研真题答案

1/8 【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站： https://www.wendangku.net/doc/102596991.html, 开设课程：【网络函授班】【精品小班】【高端一对一】【状元集训营】【定向保录】 1 育明教育天津分校2015年天津地区15所高校考研辅导必备 天津分校地址南京路新天地大厦2007 专注考研专业课辅导8年天津地区专业课辅导第一品牌 天津分校王老师与大家分享资料 育明教育，创始于2006年，由北京大学、中国人民大学、中央财经大学、北京外国语大学的教授投资创办，并有北京大学、武汉大学、中国人民大学、北京师范大学复旦大学、中央财经大学、等知名高校的博士和硕士加盟，是一个最具权威的全国范围内的考研考博辅导机构。更多详情可联系育明教育天津分校王老师。

2/8 【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站：https://www.wendangku.net/doc/102596991.html, 开设课程：【网络函授班】【精品小班】【高端一对一】【状元集训营】【定向保录】 2 2015年考研南开大学翻译硕士2010年211翻译硕士英语考研真题答案2010年南开大学211翻译硕士英语卷答案 I ：1-5DDBBB 6-10BACDC 11-15CDDCD 16-20CDACD 21-25CBCCD 26-30CBCBB III :SSecctiion one 1-5BCDAC 6--10DCABCSection one 1-5BCDAC 6-10DCABC Section two Passage one:: 1.One that would preserve the natural rights to life,liberty,and the pursuit of happiness.A society has the right to overthrow any leader government,or external power that violates this democratic covenant 2.It is Rousseau’s revolutionary educational achievement and marks the beginning of modern theories of developmental psychology. 3.Emile’s contribution to education is as important as The Social Contract’s contribution to politics.They all have decisive and necessary functions. Passage two: 4.American consumers lost confidence on their own economy and they felt that selling of American brands to foreign companies indicates the decline of American economy and is a shame. 5.The wealthy people in the United States are not concerned about the economic well-being of their country but their own interest.They would transfer factories to Mexico to reduce cost rather than establishing them in US to provide more domestic job opportunities. IIII :Success Last week,our department held an English debate.The topic was what makes one succeed.Oneside argued that success came from careful planning,hard work and patience.Whereas the other side was convinced that success simply resulted from massive risk-taking and chances.I was neither a contestant nor a referee at that time.If I had been either of them,I would support the former because without them you could not have the basis of risk-taking,not to mention success.When it comes to success,there must be many preconditions.Success won’t come up without preparation.The lack of hard work can’t lead to success.For example,why authorities think they consider some actors have the potential and will be famous one day?It that because they got the chance?No,it is based on their perseverance and careful planning.Admittedly,nothing can replace chances or risk-taking,but they cannot shadow your preparation and perseverance.Chances and massive risk-taking can’t be isolated.They are connected with many preconditions:wide range of knowledge,perseverance hard working and so on,to name just a few.Indeed,as we all know,there are many well-known scientists in the world.Although one element of their success would be risk-taking or an accidental chance,the most decisive factor of their success are no other than careful planning,hark work and patience.The eminent scientist Thomas Edison had carried out more than 8000times experiments before he found the best material for filament.Did his success just come from his good luck to have this chance or the 8000times risk-taking?Imagine he was only a man who knew nothing about science of electricity,was he still able to succeed when the chance came?Definitely not.His intrinsic capital,say wisdom,perseverance and so on,is very essential to his success.As Edison said,Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent of perspiration.Chances and massive risk-taking only favor the ones who have sufficient preparation.The surest way to grasp opportunity and get success is to be ready when chances knock.When you are willing to do something,careful planning is indispensable.With it,your work would be more efficient.Then,with your hard working and perseverance,no matter how hard the problem or trouble is,you will not find it tough to deal with.Sufficient preparation can help you succeed.So far as I am concerned,obviously,success comes from careful planning,hark work and patience.