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英语专业跨文化交际考试复习题名词解释

Culture：is a learned set of shared interpretations about beliefs,values,and norms,which affect the behavior of a relatively large group of people.

culture ：what the behavior and customs mean to the people who are following them. high-context culture：a culture in which meaning is not necessarily contained in words. Information is provided through gestures, the use of space, and even silence. low-context culture ：a culture in which the majority of the information is vested in the explicit code.

Linguistic determinist is that language structure controls thought and cultural norms. Linguistic relativity holds that culture is controlled by and controls language. verbal communication ：communication done both orally and in written language nonverbal communication ：involves all nonverbal stimuli in a communication setting that is generated by both the source and his or her use of the environment and that has potential message value for the source or receiver.

Individual Culture：Individuals tend to define themselves by the extent to which they are different from, rather than similar to other. People are encouraged to display

self-confidence and assertiveness, disclosure of personal thoughts and feelings. collectivist culture：Collectivist cultures place little value on individual identity and great value on group identity. They have been labeled as “we” cultures because basic unit is the in-group or collective.

Paralanguage refers to the rate ,pitch and volume qualities of the voice,which interrupt or temporarily take the place of speech and affect the meaning of a message. monochronic time (M Time)：It schedules one event at a time. In these cultures time is perceived as a linear structure just like a ribbon stretching from the past into the future.

polychronic time (P Time)：schedules several activities at the same time. In these culture people emphasize the involvement of people more than schedules. They do not see appointments as ironclad commitments and often break them. ethnocentrism ：the vie w of things in which one’s own group is the center of everything, and all others are scaled and rated with reference to it.

Ethnocentrism is judging another culture solely by the values and standards of one's own culture. The ethnocentric individual will judge other groups relative to his or her own particular ethnic group or culture, especially with concern to language, behavior, customs, and religion. These ethnic distinctions and subdivisions serve to define each ethnicity's unique cultural identity.

It refers to negatively judging aspects of another culture by the standards of

one’s own culture.

stereotypes ：a form of generalization about some group of people, or a means of organizing images into fixed and simple categories that are used to stand for the entire collection of people.

stereotypes：refers to negative or positive judgment made about individuals based on any observable or believed group membership.

prejudice ：It refers to negative attitudes towards other people that are based on faulty and inflexible stereotypes. It is an unfair, biased, or intolerant attitude towards

another group of people.

Prejudice refers to the irrational dislike,suspicion,or hatred of a particular group,race,religion,or sexual orientation.

culture shock ：Troublesome feelings such as depression, loneliness, confusion, inadequacy, hostility, frustration, and tension, caused by the loss of familiar cues from the home culture.

Culture shoc k refers to the traumatic experience that an individual may encounter when entering a different culture.

culture shock: is the sense of dislocation and the problems, psychological and even physical, that result from the stress of trying to make the hundreds of adjustments necessary for living in a foreign culture.

acculturation ：It is culture change that results from continuous firsthand contact between two distinct cultural groups.

Acculturation re fers to an individual’s learning and adopting the norms and values of the new host culture.

What is the author?s view of the relationship between language and culture? Language and culture are clearly fused; one reflects the other.

Language is related to culture in that language not only frames our thoughts but also reflects events that a particular culture experiences. For instance, the native people of Alaska have more than twenty words for snow. There can be serious consequences if one uses the wrong word in that certain words indicate how safe it is to travel under these snow conditions.

In one of the Pacific Island tribes that I studied in Sociology, their counting system consisted of one, two and many. More than two items were many. Therefore they did not have the concept of "a dozen eggs."

In some cultures they do not have words for certain emotions--such as love, fear, hate, etc. Thus in a culture that does not have the word fear, they would not build a theme park because the members of the culture would not experience the thrill of being "frightened" by the experience.

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《跨文化交际》试题（附答案） Paper 1 Communication Analysis ? The following are three different cases of cross-cultural communication. In each of the cases there is something to be improved upon. Write an analysis on what is to be desired for more successful communication or cultural understanding.? ? Question 1 Case 1: Chen Bing, a Chinese tour guide, is talking to a Canadian tourist, Luke Baines, who has no knowledge of Chinese at all. They are having dinner in a restaurant. Chen: This is Beijing duck, one of China's most famous dishes. You'll love it! Luke: No, thanks. I don't like duck. I prefer chicken.? ? Question 2 Case 2: Feng Li and Tom have been working on a scientific experiment at a British university for some months. It has not been totally successful. They are discussing the situation in the laboratory. Feng Li: I don't know where it went wrong! Tom, Don't feel so bad. Cheer up, you've done your job. Feng Li: But our experiment has turned out to be a failure. Tom: Relax for a couple of days. I'll face the music. Feng Li: Tom, we are not playing children's games here. This is a scientific experiment. Tom, I've never taken the experiment as child’ s play, and I'm playing the game. Feng Li: You say you're playing the game! It's a rather important experiment! Feng Li walks out of the Laboratory angrily. Tom is puzzled.? ? Question 3 Case 3: This is a more complex situation where there are several things that require more informed cultural analysis. Find the cultural problems and explain the cultural differences. Jim and Li Zhen were students together at Leeds University in Britain. A year later, after graduating, Jim went to Shanghai as a visiting scholar on a year’s exchange.

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跨文化交际试题

1.Three international developments have made intercultural contact more pervasive (无处不在), they are .（D ） A. new technology and information system B. changes in the world’s population C. a shift in the world’s economic arena D. A, B and C 2.___C___ has evolved that lets societies share cultural experiences with one another as films are produced and shown around the world. A. Show business B. I.T. C. international film industry D. Mass media 3.__A____ in the United States, because they have been profoundly affected by population and immigration increases, are a primary setting for domestic intercultural contact. A. Schools B. Community C. Workplace D. club 4. It is difficult to find a single definition of human communication because__D____. A. the complex nature of communication B. the issue of intentionality C. the issue of unintentionality D. A, B and C 5. To Reusch and Bateson, communication often takes place __A___. A. without awareness B. consciously C. intentionally D. deliberately 6. Which of the statements of communication is not true? D A. Communication is dynamic https://www.wendangku.net/doc/10190633.html,munication is symbolic https://www.wendangku.net/doc/10190633.html,munication is Interpretive D. Communication is static 7. Communication has a consequence means that ___D___. A. Communication is irreversible B.Our response to message does not have to be immediate C. The nature of our responses to messages is rooted in our culture D. A, B and C 8. Which of the item is not the basic component of culture? C A. Values B. Emotions C. Personality D. Attitudes 9. We learn our culture not through __D______. A. proverbs B. art C. mass media D. self-taught 10.Although many aspects of culture are subject to change, the _B______ of a culture resists major alterations. A. history B. the deep structure C. background D. tradition 11. ___C___ is at the core of intercultural communication. A. sender B. receiver C. culture D. language 12. Although cultures change through several mechanisms, which of the following item is not the three most common ones.C A. Diffusion B. Acculturation C. Invention D. Innovation 13. One of the most difficult tasks for foreigners in learning a new language is learning the _____A____ and ________ in which they are used. A. different styles, the contexts B. grammar, accent C. different styles, the speech acts D. vocabulary, the pronunciation 14. Language is accompanied by a continuous flow of nonverbal communication, which involves not only ____ but also ____ and _____.B A. the tone, gaze, posture B. the voice, the face, the body C. the pitch, gaze, gesture D. the pace, the distance, touch 15. ___B__ is the process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting sensory data in a way that enables us to make sense of our physical and social world. A. Interpretation B. Perception C. Analysis D. Understanding

(完整word版)跨文化交际考试题型

Intercultural communication paper I.Fill in the blanks to make the statements complete (25%) （共8小题，25个空格，每空1分） 1.There are roughly five types of communication: human communication, （） communication, human-animal communication, human-machine communication and machine-to-machine communication. 2.Past-oriented people tend to believe tradition is important. Present-oriented cultures maintain that the moment is the most significant. If you tend to look to the future and make plans, you are future-oriented. Generally speaking, Chinese are accepted as past-oriented while （）are thought to be future-oriented. … II.Choose one correct answer from the four choices （共20个单选，每个1分，共20分） 6.Socrates together with __________ and Aristotle are thought to be the founder of Western philosophy. Their emphasis is on self instead of on nature. From Socrates’ time, there is division from nature and man. A. Descartes B. Hegal C. Plato D. Archimedes 7.The Chinese Three Character Classics orients human nature as ________. A. good but corruptible B. evil but perfectible C . mixture of good and evil D. evil and corruptible 11. The ______ meditation is the most abstract of all because it is the thinking of thinking. Thinking becomes the subject of its own investigation. A. Hindu B. Chinese C. Greek D. Japanese 12. The ________ tends to use their reason as a spectacle in which to see the world. Hence thinking is the means to understand the world. A. Hindu B. Chinese C. Greek D. Japanese 13. The _________ tend to distinguish mind from body, people from nature, and God from Man, while the Chinese are used to looking at the world as a whole unit. A. Westerners B. Hindus C. Arabs D. Indonesians 17. The ______ discourse style is characterized as laying emphasis on impression rather than on information while the _________ discourse style features laying emphasis on information rather than on impression. A. Western…Chinese B. English…Korean C. American…Japanese D. Chinese…Westerners’ 18. Westerners are direct in expressing ideas while the Chinese are indirect. So the deductive (topic first) pattern is prevalent in _____ and the inductive (topic delayed) pattern is more accepted by the Chinese and other Asians. A. the West B. China C. Korea D. Japan 19. The function of nonverbal signs is sometimes indispensible. For example, placing your index finger to your lips as an alternative to saying “Please calm down so that I can speak” is a case of ________. A. complementing B. repeating C. contradicting D. substituting

英语期末复习试题

日期：2016 年 11 月 02 日用时： ____ 得分： ____ 一、选择题 1.what does______ like doing? a. they b. you c.yang ling 2.mr. brown can__________ well. a. swim b. swims c. swimming 3..sam has __________ idea. a. a b. an c. the 4. _______,billy! the soup is hot. a. look for b. look out c. look on 5.let’s ______football this afternoon. a. play b. plays c. playing 6. rabbits __________long ears. a. are

b. has c. have 7. you sister _____good _____chinese. a. is,in b. is,at c. are,on 8. there is a hole____ the ice.. a. at b. in c. on 9. his hobby is ____football. a. play b. playing c. plays 10. my parents ____like dancing. a. also b. both c. too 二、判断正误（对的打t，错的打f）（a） this is a picture of our class. there are fifty–five students in our class. you can see twenty-eight boys and twenty- seven girls. there is an american(美国的) student in our class. his name is david. his english is very good. we all like him. he likes eating bread and cakes. he likes drinking milk and apple juice. we like eating rice and drinking tea. david can ski but we don’t.we are very happy together. 答案 (tf ) 1. there are fifty – five boys in the class. (tf) 2. david is an english boy. (tf) 3. david likes bread and tea.