复习要点 英国文学简史
Part One: Early and Medieval English Literature
1. Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and understatements （此处可能会有填空，选择等小题）
2. Romance （名词解释）
3. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthur’s story
4. Ballad（名词解释）
5. Character of Robin Hood
6. Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry; The Canterbury Tales (main contents; 124 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in Middle English; significance; form: heroic couplet)
7. Heroic couplet (名词解释)
Part Two: The English Renaissance
8. The Authorized Version of English Bible and its significance（填空选择）
9. Renaissance（名词解释）
10.Thomas More——Utopia
11. Sonnet（名词解释）
12. Blank verse（名词解释）
13. Edmund Spenser
“The Faerie Queene”; Amoretti (collec tion of his sonnets)
Spenserian Stanza（名词解释）
14. Francis Bacon “essays” esp. “Of Studies”（推荐阅读，学习写正式语体的英文文章的好参照，本文用词正式优雅，多排比句和长句，语言造诣非常高，里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句，非常值得一读）
15. Christopher Marlowe (“Doctor Faustus” and his achievements)
16. William Shakespeare可以说是英国文学史中最重要的作家，一定要看熟了。四大喜剧，四大悲剧比较重要，此外就是罗密欧与朱立叶了，这些剧的主题，背景，情节，人物形象都要熟悉，当然他最重要的喜剧作品是Hamlet这是肯定的。他的sonnet也很重要，最重要属sonnet18。（其戏剧中著名对白和几首有名的十四行诗可能会出选读）
Lecture 1
Part 1 Early and Medieval English Literature
“Early” here means English literature in primitive and slav ery society.
“Medieval period” is a quite special period in English history. In Chinese “Medieval” or “The Middle Age” means “中世纪”. You may hear something about this period. It was called “The Middle Age” because it was considered as the time between ancie nt world and the modern world. Here “Medieval” means English literature in feudal England before the Renaissance.
I. Early English Literature (Anglo-Saxon Literature)
1, Historical Background
1 The earliest inhabitants of the British Isles were Britons, a tribe of Celts. Today most Celts lived in Scotland and Wales.
2 From 55 B.C. to 410 A. D. Romans conquered the Great Britain. The Roman army was led by Julius Caesar, who was a very famous figure in ancient Rome. He was a famous general and conquered lot o f places in Europe and then he became dictator of Rome. He had famous words “I came, I saw, I conquered”. You can see how strong this man’s will is.
Consequence of Roman conquest: a network of highways; scores of towns, including London; Roman lifestyle
3 English Conquest
?Shortly after Romans’ retreat, the Britain was invaded by Anglos, Saxons and Jutes. And by the 7th century Old English emerged.
?Anglo-Saxon period witnessed a transition from tribal society to feudalism.
?Anglo-Saxons were Christianized in the 7th century. Before Christianization, Anglo-Saxons believed in old northern European mythologies. If you are interested in old Britain mythologies you may read the famous novel “The Lord of the Rings”, which was a collection of old northern European mythologies. The Christianization of Anglo-Saxons influenced the record of old English literature.
2, Beowulf —— National epic of English people
1 Definition of epic: an extended narrative poem in elevated or dignified language, celebrating the feats of a legendary or traditional hero
2 Story of Beowulf
?Ask students to read the story of Beowulf on textbook by themselves and then ask them “What are the three adventures mentioned in the story?”
?The story of Beowulf includes three adventures: killing monster Grendel, killing Grendel’s mother and killing a fire dragon.
3 Some important points
?“Beowulf” is a folk legend brought to England by Anglo-Saxons from their continental homes. However it also reflected the features of the tribal society in Britain.
?Originally Beowulf, the great epic, was in oral form and it must be a collective creation.?Beowulf in the epic is a legendary figure. In formal history you can not find a man named Beowulf.
④Artistic features of “Beowulf”
?Using alliteration
Definition of alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some words in a sentence begin with the same consonant sound（头韵）
Some examples on P5
?Using metaphor and understatement
Definition of understatement: expressing something in a controlled way
Understatement is a typical way for Englishmen to express their ideas. You may find some examples on P6
⑤Epic tradition in Europe
long narrative verse, part-historical and part-legendary origin
This tradition can be traced back to Homer’s “Iliad” and “Odyssey”. Similar wo rks in Europe are “Edda” and “Saga” from Iceland etc. (referring to 《欧洲文学史》)
3, “Anglo-Saxon Chronicle”
? The book was conceived by King Alfred the Great. He also organized and supervised the writing process of the book.
?This book is a very important hist orical document and specimen of Anglo-Saxon prose.
II, Medieval English Literature
1, Historical Background
1 Norman conquest in 1066 marks the establishment of feudalism in England.
2 By the end of the 14th century, the Middle English emerged.
3 The ecclesiastics, from the monks and the clergy to the bishops and archbishops, together possessed over one third of the land in the country and owned numerous serfs, and had their tithes and ecclesiastical courts and the backing of the Pope in Rome. They had much political as well as religious power. Understanding the great influence of Christianity in the medieval Europe is very important for you to understand their literature because Christianity is one of the two resources of European culture. (referring to
Lecture 2
2. The Romance（骑士文学）
1 Definition of the Romance: a long composition, sometimes in verse, sometimes in
prose, describing the life and adventures of a noble hero. (P10)
* Knight is a special group of people existed in the Middle Age in Europe. Nearly
all nobles were knights. However, nobody was born a knight. One nobleman who want
to become a knight must experience hard training and then the king will give him
knighthood.
* Codes of the Knight（骑士准则）:protect the weak, fight for church, loyal to your
lord, loyal to King, respect women of noble birth（西方人对于男士良好风度的概念
起源于这些骑士准则，是以西方有“骑士风度”说法。）（参阅《欧洲文化入门》）
2 The great majority of the romances fall into three groups: matters of Britain,
matters of France and matters of Rome.
* Charlemagne, a very great French emperor, 查理曼大帝（参阅《欧洲文化入门》）
* Alexander the Great, a very great emperor in ancient Greece, 亚历山大大帝，目
前埃及名城亚历山大就是以他的名字命名（参阅《欧洲文化入门》）
3 The Romance of King Arthur and his Round Table knights, whose origin was in Celtic
legend, is comparatively the most important for the history of English literature,
especially the works called “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”.关于亚瑟王的传说
来自英国的凯尔特民族的传说，《格温爵士和绿衣骑士》的故事可以在陈嘉《英国文学史》
第34到35页找到。
? The theme of loyalty to king and lord is an important common theme of the Romance.
So they were composed for the noble class.
* 英国的骑士文学(Romance)并没有产生如同法国的《罗兰之歌》那样多姿多彩的作品，中
世纪在整个欧洲骑士文学还是有很多的读者，有一些人甚至对骑士文学的喜爱到达痴迷的程
度，比如西班牙作家塞万提斯的名作《唐吉诃德》中刻画的主人公便是一位让人觉的可笑又
觉的同情的骑士文学迷。（参阅《欧洲文学史》）
3. “Piers the Plowman”（农夫皮尔斯）
1 The author – William Langland
Read his life story by yourself. (P12)
He was lived in lower social position all his life and he was a person with strong
Christian color. These two elements concerning with his life experience influenced
his literary creation.
2 Story
Read P12 to P16 and answer the following questions:
?What kinds of people were considered as parasites?
?Religion was compared to what kind of person?
?What kind of social phenomenon was represented by Lady Meed?
?Lady Meed is asked by King to marry whom?
?Why Conscience refused to ma rry Lady Meed?
?Who is the hero of the poem? What kind of person he is?
3 Features
?Important point which makes the work special: The author considers the peasant named Piers to be the nearest to truth and salvation. (It was in the Middle Ages. Nearly all literary works produced at that time was written about those noblemen.)
?Form: a series of dreams
?Style: alliterative verse
?Social significance: kindling the toiling people’s sense of human dignity and equality before God and playing a part in arousing their revolutionary sentiment ?Limitations: conservatism (See P16 “The Class Nature of Piers”); Strong Christian
color
?Artistic feature of the production: allegory（寓言）, personification（拟人）, symbolism（象征主义，用作品中具体的形象来代替某种现象或一个抽象概念）The usage of symbolism became a tradition of English literature. You may find lots of similar works in later English literature, for example, Bunyan’s The Pilgrim’s Progress.
4, The English Ballads
1 Definition of the ballad: A ballad is a story told in song, usually in 4-line stanzas, with the second and fourth lines rhymed.（rhymed在这里指第二行和第四行最后一个
词以相同或近似的元音和辅音结尾）
2 Features of ballads
?Flourished in the 15th century
?Originally oral literature (Ballads were collected and written down in the 18th century. Earliest publication of colle ction of ballads was Thomas Percy’s
“Reliques of Ancient English Poetry”.)
?Collective creation (no certain writer for each ballad)
?Ballads wrote on all kinds of subjects.
3 Robin Hood Ballads（罗宾汉）
?Of all the ballads, those written about Robin Hood are c omparatively important. ?Robin Hood is a partly historical and partly legendary character.（罗宾汉本来是一个很普通的历史人物，但是在人们的传说中逐渐被神化，成为了民谣中描写的传说中的形象，这种方式与中国历史上关羽的形象很近似。）
?Important points of the character of Robin Hood: hatred for the cruel oppressors and love for the poor; orthodox in religion; reverence for the King (just an illusion) ?Social Significance: showing the fighting spirit, courage and revolutionary energy
of English peasantry
（Robin Hood是英国文学史中的一个绿林英雄形象，与中国文学中的许多劫富济贫的形象很相近，特别是《水浒》中的很多人物形象。）
17. Ben Jonson个别戏剧的名字要能和人对上号，如Every Man in His Humor, 二外好像
在这里出过一道匹配题，但是不用看太具体。
Part Three: The Period of the English Bourgeois Revolution
18. John Milton 三大史诗非常重要，特别是Paradise Lost和Samson Agonistes。对于Paradise Lost需要知道它是blank verse写成的，故事情节来自Old Testament，具体情节在课本124页，另外要知道此书theme和Satan的形象。对于Samson Agonistes要知道它是poetical drama，知道故事大概情节及其来源。另外129页到130页brief summary
中5条要看。
19. John Bunyan——The Pilgrim’s Progress
20. Founder of the Metaphysical school——John Donne; features of the school:
philosophical poems, complex rhythms and strange images
21. Andrew Marvell 此人不重要，但他有一首名诗To His Coy Mistress
22. John Dryden——“All for Love”(a tragedy); “An Essay of Dramatic
Poesy”(Literary criticism); forerunner of the Classicism in Britain
Part Four: The Eighteen Century
23. Enlightenment（名词解释）
24. Classicism（名词解释）
25. Richard Steele——“The Tatler”
26. Joseph Addison——“The Spectator”这个比上面那个要重要，注意这个报纸和我们今天的报纸不一样，它虚构了一系列的人物，以这些人物的口气来写报纸上刊登的散文，这
一部分要仔细读。
27. Steel’s and Addison’s styles and their contributions
28. Alexander Pope: “Essay on Criticism”, “Essay on Man”, “The Rape of Lock”,
“The Dunciad”; his workmanship (features) and limitations
29. Jonathan Swift: “Gulliver’s Travels”此书非常重要，要知道具体内容，就是Gulliver游历过的四个地方的英文名称，和每个部分具体的讽刺对象; “The Drapier’s
Letters” and “A Modest Proposal”, 后一篇比较重要，要注意后一篇作者用的irony
也就是反讽手法。
30. The rise and growth of the realistic novel is the most prominent achievement
of 18th century English literature.
31. Daniel Defoe: “Robinson Crusoe”, “Moll Flanders”, 当然是Robinson Crusoe 比较重要，剧情要清楚，179页这一节最后一段，有Robinson Crusoe的形象和故事中蕴涵的早期黑奴的原形，以及殖民主义的萌芽。另外注意Defoe的style和feature，另外Defoe
是forerunner of English realistic novel。
32. Samuel Richardson——“Pamela” (first epistolary novel), “Clarissa Harlowe”,
“Sir Charles Grandison”
33. Henry Fielding: “Joseph Andrews”, “Jonathan Wild”, “Tom Jones”第一个和第三个比较重要，需要仔细看。他是一个比较重要的作家，200页founder of the English Realistic novel部分要看，201页第3点features也要看，另外Fielding也被称为father
of the English novel.
34. Laurence Sterne——“Tristram Shandy”
35. Richard Sheridan——“The School for Scandal”
36. Samuel Johnson——“Dictionary”, “Letter to Lord Chesterfield” (the
writers’ declaration of independence)
37. Oliver Goldsmith——“The Traveller”(poem), “The Deserted Village” (poem) (both two poems were written by heroic couplet), “The Vicar of Wakefield” (novel), “The Good-Natured Man”(comedy), “She stoops to Conquer” (comedy), “The Citizen
of the World” (collection of essays)
38. Edward Gibbon——“The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire”
40. Sentimentalism（名词解释）
41. Thomas Gray——“Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard”（英国诗歌里非常著名
的一首，曾经被誉为“有史以来英国诗歌里最好的一首”）(a representative of sentimentalism and graveyard school of poets墓园派诗人)
*Graveyard School / Poets”: A term applied to eighteenth-century poets who wrote meditative poems, usually set in a graveyard, on the theme of human mortality, in moods which range from elegiac pensiveness to profound gloom. The vogue resulted in one of the most widely known English poems, Thomas Gray’s “Elegy written in a country churchyard”. The writing of graveyard poems spread from England to Continental literature in the second part of the century and also influenced some
American poets.
42. In the latter half of the 18th century, Pre-Romanticism; representative: William
Blake and Robert Burns.
43. Thomas Percy——“Reliques of Ancient English poetry”许多中古的民谣都是在这
个时期重新收集和整理起来的，这个集子是那个时代比较有名的一个民谣集。
44. William Blake比较重要，需要对主要作品有所了解，特别是Songs of Innocence 和Songs of Experience, 这两本集子的contrast一定要注意，另外Blake的写作特点也要注
意，比如语言的简单明了，神秘主义氛围等。
45. Robert Burns伟大的苏格兰民族诗人, A Red Red Rose, Scots Wha Hae, Auld Lang Syne 等名诗，写作特点: Scottish dialect; a poet of peasant and Scottish people; plain language; influence from Scottish folk songs and ballads; musical quality of his
poems.
Part Five: Romanticism in England
46. Romanticism（名词解释）要对浪漫主义兴起的时间，根源，主要特点，主要代表作家都有所了解。
47.William Wordsworth要知道他的“Lyrical Ballads”前言是英国浪漫主义时期开始的标志，也是宣言。Lake Poets（名词解释）。他诗歌的主要两类题材:nature and common people’s lives。写过的著名作品:I wandered lonely as a cloud; To the cuckoo; Lines composed a few miles above Tintern Abbey; The solitary reaper; We are seven 等等。
48. Samuel Taylor Coleridge两首名诗:The Rime of the Ancient Mariner; Kubla Khan主要写作supernatural题材。
49. George Gordon Byron，Byronic Heroes (名词解释); 著名作品:Child Harold’s Pilgrimage要知道大致内容，另外此诗用Spenserian Stanza写成；Don Juan要知道大致内容，及其诗体attava rima。
50. Percy Bysshe Shelley著名作品:Queen Mab; The Revolt of Islam; Prometheus Unbound （lyrical drama，要知道大致内容及此剧与古希腊的“被束缚的普罗米修斯”不同之处及其意义。）其它名作: Ode to the West Wind; To a skylark; One word is too often profaned等等。51. John Keats著名作品:Ode to Autumn; Ode to a Nightingale; Ode on a Grecian Urn”。注意Keats与Byron和Shelley的不同，Keats的诗歌没有两人那么强的革命性，他的诗歌主要是为了缔造一个唯美的世界，为了追求美而写作的。
52. Charles Lamb:The Essays of Elia (humorous, archaisms, quotations from other writers)
53. Walter Scott: founder and great master of the historical novel; his death marks the ending of Romantic Period in English literature; famous novels: Rob Roy, Ivanhoe; features of his novels (P322)
Part Six: English Critical Realism
54. Critical Realism批判现实主义，要知道它兴起的时间，历史背景，主要代表人物及主要特点。
55. Charles Dickens主要作品: The Pickwick Papers (first novel); Oliver Twist; Dombey and Son; David Copperfield; A Tales of Two Cities等等，对这些主要作品除了第一部以外剩下的要对情节，主要人物形象，主题及其意义有所了解，另外要知道狄更斯的小说的特色（P362-P363）。
56. William Makepeace Thackeray主要作品即Vanity Fair要知道这个题目出自John Bunyan 的The Pilgrim’s Progress，另外小说的副标题“A novel without a hero”的意思，小说的情节，主题，人物形象都要了解。
57. Jane Austen主要作品Pride and Prejudice其它5部小说在书上372页，知道名字即可，对于《傲慢与偏见》课本上介绍的不详细，可以找其它文学史书籍来简单看一下它的情节和主
要人物。Austen的写作特点:thin plot, mostly everyday life of simle country society; good at writing young girls; modest satire; witty dialogues。
58. Charlotte Bronte主要作品Jane Eyre，要知道其情节和意义，另外简爱的人物形象也比较重要。
59. Emily Bronte主要作品Wuthering Heights，情节，人物形象及意义。勃朗特姐妹的小说虽然写作在批判现实主义时期，但其作品有明显的浪漫主义特色，比如包含的一些supernatural elements，特别体现在呼啸山庄中。
60. Mrs. Gaskell, one of the first English writers to describe the class struggle in a novel, famous novel: “Mary Barton”.不需要看太详细。
61. George Eliot主要作品: Adam Bede, The Mill on Floss, Silas Marner简单了解即可。
Part Seven: Prose-writers and poets of the mid and later 19th century
62. Thomas Carlyle, John Ruskin, Matthew Arnold简单了解即可。
63. Alfred Tennyson主要作品: In Memoriam, The Idylls of the Kings；有名的短诗Break, Break, Break; Crossing the bar等，此人政治态度保守，作品追求形式上的完美，富于音乐性和色彩。具体写作特色参看P410-P411。
64. Robert Browning introduced dramatic monologue to poetry. (P416) His famous poems: “Home-thoughts from abroad” etc. Elizabeth Barrett Browning: “Sonnets from the Portuguese”.
65. 简单了解William Morris主要作品，写作特点，及其意义等。
66. Aestheticism唯美主义（名词解释）Oscar Wilde主要作品，写作特点及其意义简要了解。Part Eight: Twentieth Century English Literature
67. Thomas Hardy, Wessex novels，要知道为什么叫Wessex，书上P458。著名作品:Tess of D’Urberville（情节，主要人物形象，主题及意义）,Far from the madding crowd, Jude the obscure 等等。Hardy小说的特色（P459第一段）。
Part Eight: Twentieth Century English Literature
67. Thomas Hardy, Wessex novels，要知道为什么叫Wessex，书上P458。著名作品:Tess of D’Urberville（情节，主要人物形象，主题及意义）,Far from the madding crowd, Jude the obscure 等等。Hardy小说的特色（P459第一段）。
68. John Galsworthy: 主要作品“The Forsyte Saga”注意这是两个trilogy构成的，可不是一本小说，其中比较重要的是“The Man of Property”就是书上介绍的那一部，要知道此部小说主人公的名字，以及这个主人公的性格，和小说主题。书上介绍这个作家的部分的最后一段算是这个作家的写作特点。这位作家在20世纪声名是逐渐下降的，但是还是有些学校会考到他。
69. The Irish Dramatic Movement（名词解释）
Irish Renaissance（名词解释）
70. George Bernard Shaw主要作品Mrs Warren’s Profession和Major Babara，如果看的是其它版本的英国文学史，可能会选其它的作品，对他作品的主要人物，情节，主题和意义要了解，他是比较重要的一个作家。
71. William Butler Yeats几首有名的诗歌如“Sailing to Byzantium” , “The Second Coming”, “The Wild Swan at Coole”要知道，另外他诗歌的特点如symbolism, mysticism, modernists’ influence等等。
72. T. S. Eliot比较重要，特别是他的The Waste Land要知道包括哪几个部分，大概是什么情节，有什么象征意义，主题是什么，有什么写作特点。另外他的其它作品也有某些学校考到过，也要知道，比如他的诗剧Murder in the Cathedral等等，要知道大概的情节。另外他著名的文章Tradition and the Individual Talent被认为是manifesto of modernist poetry.
73. Modernist fiction put emphasis on the description of the characters’ psychological activities under the influence of Austrian doctor Sigmund Freud’s th eories.
74. D. H. Lawrence重点作品Sons and Lovers这个作品明显受到弗洛伊德影响，特别是其中体现的Oedipus complex，对其人物，主题要有了解；The Rainbow及其续篇Women in Love 要有简单了解，特别是对其主题。Lady Chatterley’s Lover简单了解即可。492页第三段对Lawrence的思想做了个简单总结，这一段中指出的劳伦斯的思想特点以及局限性要了解。
75. Stream-of-consciousness（名词解释）
76. James Joyce其它作品简单了解，但Ulysses非常重要，需要知道题目来源，题目的含义，小说的主人公和情节，以及主题。
77. Virginia Woolf重要的意识流作家，主要作品要知道在496页第二段，书上主要介绍的是To the Lighthouse，其实她的其它几部作品特别是Mrs. Dalloway也比较出名，需要了解一下。
英国文学简史问答题期末考试复习提纲教学教材
1. How much do you know about the English literature in the Romantic Age? ①The Romantic Age in England was like the Elizabethan Age, distinctively an age of poetry. It was regarded as the second great age in English literary history; for poetry is the highest form of literary expression, and seems to have been most in harmony with the noblest powers of the English genius. The glory of the age is in the poetry of Scott, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelly, Keats, Moore, and Southey； ②Women novelists appeared in this age. It was during this period that women assumed for the first time, an important place in English literature. Mrs. Anne Radcliff was one of the most successful writers of the school of exaggerated romance. Jane Austen offered us her charming descriptions of everyday life in her enduring work her masterpiece----Pride and Prejudice; ③The greatest historical novelist Walter Scott also appeared in this period. His historical novels combine a romantic atmosphere with a realistic description of historical background and common people life. Scott marked the transition from romanticism to the period of realism which followed it; ④Romantic prose was represented by Lamb, Hazlitt, De Quincey and Hume. Lamb was the best essayist, whose familiar essays are very famous. 3.What are the major features of Dickens’ novels? ①Dickens’ novels offer a most complete and realistic picture of the English bourgeois society of his age. His novels tell much of the unhappy experiences of his own childhood. They reflect the protest of the people against capitalist exploitation, and criticize the vices of capitalist society. ② The success of Dickens novels also lies in his character-portrayal. Not only are the major characters in his novels very carefully delineated and given distinctive individual characteristics but also his minor figures create in the readers’ mind strong impressions of their personalities. Some of Dickens’characters are really such “typical characters under typical circumstances”that they become proverbial or are representative of a whole group of similar persons. ③Dickens is a great humorist and satirist. His novels are full of humor and satire ④Dickens is not especially known for the construction of plot in his novels. There is in his novels often more than one minor thread of story beside the major one, and these threads are generally very loosely woven together. He seems to love a complicated and involved plot. ⑤In almost every one of Dickens’ novels there is a happy ending, which points to the author’s optimism which is an admirable thing for a critical realist because that means his still has his hopes after seeing the gloomy world all around him and one hand, and as a petty-bourgeois intellectual, could not overstep the limits of his class on the other hand. ⑥Another feature in Dickens’novels is his adroit use of language. On the whole Dickens has a richness of expressions and generally succeeds in using the right words and phrases at the right moments for the right characters to attain the right effects. 12. What are the characteristics of Dickens’ novels?(同第三题)
英美文学知识点总结(适用于英语专八)
Old English Literature 古英语文学 （450-1066年） Beowulf （贝奥武甫）---The first English national epic 中世纪英语文学（1066-1500） Geoffrey Chaucer(乔叟，c. 1343–1400) was an English poet. He is remembered for his The Canterbury Tales《坎特伯雷故事集》, called the father of English litera ture―英国文学之父‖William Langland (朗格兰，1330?-1400?),the author of the 14th-century English long narrative poem Piers Plowman《农夫皮尔斯》. 文艺复兴（16-17世纪） William Shakespeare (莎士比亚，1564-1616), English poet and playwright, his surviving works consist of 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems Venus and Adonis 《维拉斯和阿多尼斯》The Rape of Lucrece.《鲁克丽丝受辱记》 Shakespeare‘s greatest works: greatest tragedies are King Lear 《李尔王》,Macbeth《麦克白》,Hamlet《哈姆雷特》, Othello 《奥赛罗》,Romeo and Juliet 《罗密欧与朱丽叶》 grea t comedies: A Midsumme r Night‘s Dream《仲夏夜之梦》,As You Like It 《皆大欢喜》,The Merchant of Venice 《威尼斯商人》, Twelfth Night 《第十二夜》 great historical plays: Richard III 《理查三世》,Henry IV 《亨利四世》, Henry V 《亨利五世》, Henry VII 《亨利八世》 John Milton (弥尔顿, 1608-1674)was an English poet and civil servant for the Commonwealth of England. He is best known for his epic poem Paradise Lost《失乐园》, Paradise Regained《复乐园》Samson 《力士参孙》. 18世纪文学和新古典主义 Alexander Pope (浦柏,1688-1744 ) is generally regarded as the greatest English poet of the eighteenth century, best known for his satirical epigram 讽刺隽语and heroic couplet英雄双韵体.His major works include mock epic satirical poem An Essay on Man 《人论》and An Essay on Criticism 《论批评》 Daniel Defoe ( 笛福，1660—1731)was an English writer who gained enduring fame for his novel Robinson Crusoe《鲁滨逊漂流记》, spokesman for middle-class people Henry Fielding (菲尔丁, 1707 ---1754) ，an English novelist known for his novel:The History of Tom Jones. Jonathan Swift (斯威夫特,1667-1745), was an Anglo-Irish novelist, satirist. He is remembered for novel such as Gulliver‘s Travels《格列佛游记》. Richard Sheridan ( 谢立丹，1751—1816), Irish playwright ,known for his satirical play School of Scandal(造谣学校). He was a represntative writer of Comedies of Manners. Laurence Sterne (斯特恩,1713—1768 ), an English novelist. He is best known for his novel Tristram Shandy （《商第传》）. Oliver Goldsmith （哥尔德斯密斯，1728-1774）English novelist, known for his novel Vicar of Wakefield (《威克菲尔德牧师传记》) Thomas Gray (托马斯?格雷1716—1771 )，an English poet, author of Elegy Written in a
英美文学考试复习点重点整理
1.现实主义、批判现实主义（代表人物、作品，以及每部作品讲了什么故事）P276—比如《匹克威克外传》主要讲什么？P281 《双城记》主要讲什么？P298 《大卫科波菲尔》主要讲什么？P292 2.其中自传体形式的作品有哪些？ 3.傲慢与偏见的第一个名字：first impression(Pride and prejudice现) 4.三姐妹指的是？ 5.19世纪有名小说名利场副标题：“A Novel Without a Hero”作者：William Makepeace Thackeray P303 6.18th浪漫主义作家、代表作P211 反对什么,反抗什么思想？ 7.Pop代表作有哪些？P134 剪发记？ 8.玄学诗派有哪些人物组成？Leading Feature? P116 9.乌托邦is written in form of ?P33 10.Universal Wicks大学才子是谁？P50 11.中世纪文学流行的是? 主题特征骑马精神P8？ 12.最著名作家：乔叟P19 13.对于三次征服的概念（1）罗马征服P1 （2）英国人征服P2（3）诺曼征服P5 14.人民大宪章什么时候出现？时间：1837年
1.John Milton He was born in London in 1608. He is a master of the blank verse, and a great stylist. And he is famous for his grand style.But his style is never exactly natural. He devoted almost twenty years of his best life to the fight for political, religious and personal liberty as a writer. His famous works are Paradise lost, Paradise Regained, and Samson Agonistes. 2.Romance Romance was the most prevailing kind of literature of the upper class in feudal England in the Medieval Ages. It is a long composition in verse or in prose which describes the life and chivalric adventures of a noble hero. The central character of romances is the knight, a man of noble birth skilled in the use of weapon. The theme of loyalty to king and lord was repeatedly emphasized in romances. 3.the Enlightenment It is the philosophical and artistic movement growing out of the Renaissance and continuing until the nineteenth century. It was an optimistic belief that humanity could improve itself by applying logic and reasons to all things. Typically, these enlightenment writers would use satire to ridicule what they felt illogical errors in government, social
完整word版英国文学简史复习资料整理版
I. Old English Literature & the Late Medieval Ages :the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons
The father of English poetry.
英国文学简史期末考试复习要点 刘炳善版
英国文学史资料British Writers and Works I. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages
英国文学简史期末考试复习要点资料
英国文学简史期末考试复习要点
一、中世纪文学（约5世纪—1485） ?《贝奥武甫》（Beowulf） ?《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》（Sir Gawain and the Green Knight ) 杰弗利·乔叟（Geoffrey Chaucer) “英国诗歌之父”。（Father of English Poetry） 《坎特伯雷故事》（The Canterbury Tales） 二、文艺复兴时期文学（15世纪后期—17世纪初） ?托马斯·莫尔（Thomas More ） 《乌托邦》（Utopia） ?埃德蒙·斯宾塞（Edmund Spenser） 《仙后》（The Faerie Queene) ?弗兰西斯·培根（Francis Bacon） 《论说文集》（Essays) 克里斯托弗·马洛 Christopher Marlowe ?《帖木儿大帝》（Tamburlaine） ?《浮士德博士的悲剧》（The Tragical History of the Life and Death of Dr. Faustus） ?《马耳他岛的犹太人》（The Jew of Malta） 威廉·莎士比亚William Shakespeare ） 《哈姆莱特》（Hamlet） SONNET18 三、17世纪文学 约翰·弥尔顿 John Milton 《失乐园》（Paradise Lost） ?约翰·班扬（John Bunyan） 《天路历程》（The Pilgrim’s Progress） 四、启蒙时期文学（17世纪后期—18世纪中期） 18世纪初，新古典主义成为时尚。新古典主义推崇理性，强调明晰、对称、节制、优雅，追求艺术形式的完美与和谐。 亚历山大·蒲柏（Alexander Pope）是新古典主义诗歌的代表。 ?乔纳森·斯威夫特 Jonathan Swift 《格列佛 ?丹尼尔·笛福 Daniel Defoe 英国小说之父 《鲁滨孙漂流记》（Robinson Crusoe） ?亨利·菲尔丁 Henry Fielding 《汤姆·琼斯》（Tom Jones） ?乔纳森·斯威夫特 Jonathan Swift 《格列佛游记》Gulliver’s Travels ?亨利·菲尔丁 Henry Fielding 《汤姆·琼斯》（Tom Jones） 托马斯·格雷 Thomas Gray 《墓园哀歌》（Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard） 五、浪漫主义时期文学（1798-1832） ?罗伯特·彭斯 Robert Burns ?威廉·布莱克 William Blake ?威廉·华兹华斯 William Wordsworth ?塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治 Samuel Taylor Coleridge 《抒情歌谣集》（Lyrical Ballads）
英美文学欣赏知识点
英美文学欣赏知识点100句 1.The work that presented,for the first time in English literature,a comprehensive realistic picture of the medieval English society and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life is Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales. 首次在英国文学，中世纪英国社会的全面逼真的画面，创造了从各行各业生动的人物整体画廊是杰弗里·乔叟的坎特伯雷故事集。 2. Geoffrey Chaucer is regarded as the father of English poetry. 乔叟被看作是英国诗歌之父。 3. The verse form of heroic couplet was introduced into English poetry and employed in the poem with true ease and charm for the first time in the history of English literature by Geoffrey Chaucer. 3.英雄对联的诗体被引入英国诗歌和诗与真正的轻松和魅力，第一次在英国文学的杰弗里·乔叟的历史就业。 4. The Canterbury Tales presents a whole gallery of vivid characters,the team of pilgrims,people from all walks of life,including 31 members altogether. 4.坎特伯雷故事呈现生动的人物整体画廊，朝圣者的队伍，来自各行各业，其中包括31名成员共有人。 5. Generally,Renaissance refers to the intellectual movement during the period between 14th and mid-17th centuries,its essence was humanism. 5.一般来说，文艺复兴是指智力运动在14和中17世纪之间的时期，它的本质是人文精神。 6. English Renaissance Period was an age of poetry and drama.
英国文学简史复习资料
A SHORT HISTORY OF ENGLISH LITERATURE 1. the Angles, Saxons and Jutes were three tribes from Northern Europe. 2.English literature began with the Anglo-Saxon settlement in England. It is Beowulf, the national epic of the English people. 3.Features of Beowulf 贝奥武普: the most striking feature in its poetical form is the use of alliteration头韵.（definition）In alliterative verse, certain accented words in a line begin with the same consonant sound. Other features of Beowulf are the use of metaphors and of understatements. 4. The French-speaking Normans under Duke William came in 1066.(the Norman Conquest) 5. The Romance 罗曼司---the most prevailing kind of literature in feudal England. It was a long composition, sometimes in prose, describing the life and a adventures of a noble hero. Adventures of King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table 6. The Class Nature of the Romance The theme of loyalty to king and lord was repeatedly emphasized in romance , as loyalty was the corner-stone of feudal morality, without which the whole structure of feudalism would collapse. They were composed for the noble, of the noble, and in most cases by the poets patronized by the noble. 7.the Ballads 民谣The most important department of English folk literature is the ballad. A ballad is a story told in song; usually in 4-line, with the second and fourth lines rhymed. 8. The Robin Hood Ballad --- the various ballads of Robin Hood are gathered into a collection called The Geste of Robin Hood.绿林好汉罗宾汉的故事 9. The founder of English poetry is Geoffrey Chaucer. 乔叟 The Canterbury Tales ---(1) a collection of 24 stories (2)close links---stories are closely connected to each other (3)stories into groups on different subjects -- story-tellers, from ranks, professions, religions (4)variation in form 三大著名教堂：Westminster Cathedral 西敏寺大教堂Saint Pail’s Cathedral 圣保罗大教堂Canterbury Cathedral 坎特布雷大教堂 10.The Renaissance and Humanism The rise of the bourgeoisie soon showed its influence in the sphere of cultural life. The result is an intellectual movement known as the Renaissance, or, the rebirth of letters. It spang first in Italy in the 14th century and gradually spread all over Europe. Two features
英美文学期末复习
1.Climax is the point at which one opposing force overcomes the other and conflict is resolved. 高潮在这一点上,一个反对力量克服了其他和冲突解决。 2. round character and flat character: flat character is cartoon like, usu. exaggerated. Round character is lifelike, who has both advantages and disadvantages, grows as the plot develops and usu. undergoes some change.一样和平板字符:平淡的角色动画,usu.夸大。圆形人物栩栩如生,谁都有各自的优势和劣势,随着情节发展,usu.经历一些变化。 3. Journey story is also called Picaresque novel, in which there is always a trip, and characters grow and develop along the journey, such as A Journey to the West, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.In this kind of story, there are lots of interesting episodes instead of all-unifying plot旅程的故事也被称为流浪汉小说,总有一个旅行,和人物沿途的成长和发展,比如《西游记》、《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》。在这样的故事,有很多有趣的情节,而不是all-unifying阴谋 4. Gothic novel is an old genre since 18th century, from which detective story, fantasy story, mystery story derive. 哥特式小说是一个古老的风格自18世纪以来,侦探小说,幻想故事,神秘的故事中。 5. Novels of the soil focus on country life, and usu. more on its hardship than on its pleasure.土壤的小说关注乡村生活,和usu.更困难比快乐。 6. The plot development in a fiction or drama can be divided into five stages: exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, resolution. 小说或戏剧的情节发展可分为五个阶段:博览会,上行,高潮,下降动作,决议。 7. Essays can be divided into narration, description, exposition, argumentation论文可以分为叙述、描述、博览会、论证 8. American literature can be divided into5 stages:Colonial Period, Reason and revolution, romanticism, realism, modernism美国文学可分为5个阶段:殖民时期,理性和革命浪漫主义、现实主义、现代主义 9. Figure of speech: personification treats objects as human beings, which are described with human emotion and action.图的言论:化身把对象作为人类,与人类情感和行为描述。 10. Poetry can be divided into three types: narrative(ballard, epic, etc), dramatic, lyric.诗歌可分为三种类型:叙事(巴拉德、史诗等),戏剧性,抒情。 11. Allegory is a story in which events and human characters represent abstract ideas and teach a moral lesson. While fable is usu. Written for kids, and the characters are often animals.寓言故事的事件和人物代表抽象的概念和给一个道德教训。而寓言一般,为孩子们写的和人物往往是动物。 12. Noah Webster is a lexicographer, who onc e said “America must be as independent in literature as she is in politics, as famous for the arts as for arms.”诺亚·韦伯斯特词典编纂者,曾说过“美国必须像她那样独立的文学在政治、艺术作为武器一样出名。” 13. Washington Irving is the father of American Literature. His style includes entertainment, humor, vivid plot and characters, musical rhythm, historical elements. He wrote Rip V an Winkle, The Legend of Sleepy Hollow, A History of New York, The Sketch Book华盛顿·欧文是美国文学之父。他的风格包括娱乐、幽默、生动的情节和人物,音乐节奏,历史元素。他写了里普·万·温克尔,无头骑士的传说,纽约的历史素描的书 14. James Cooper is first major frontier novel writer, who starts the tradition of writing western frontier life. His Leatherstocking Tales center around the hunter Natty Bumppo, including Deerslayer, Pathfinder, The Last of Mohicans,
扬州大学2016年英国文学简史考点
Three conquests（时间+意义）: 1)The Roman conquest, 55 BC, civilized, Christianized 2)The English conquest,5th century, old English, starting point of English literature 3)The Norman conquest, 1066, Mid-English, establishment of feudalism. 2.P3选择，填空，判断 Beowulf, the national epic of English people. 3.P4 诗歌翻译 “ThusmadetheirmourningthemenofGeatland,坟墓周围，勇士们骑着战马， Fortheirhero’spassing,hishearth-companions为逝去的国王唱起挽歌， Quoththatofallthekingsofearth,高赞你的懿德，分享你的恩泽，哀叹你的陨落， Ofmenhewasthemildestandmostbeloved,人们称你为最可亲最可敬的国王， Tohiskinthekindest,keenesttopraise.” 你对人们总是最仁爱最热心， 你最渴望的就是人们对你的赞扬。 4.P5 名词解释，问答 Features of Beowulf: 1)The use of alliteration. (头韵) (定义：in alliterative verse, certain accented words in a line begin with the same consonant sound.) 2)The use of metaphors and of understatements（隐喻） (Grendel represents forest, she-monster represents water, fire-dragon represents sky) 5.P8 选择填空判断 英国Romance代表作:adventures ofKing Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table （《亚瑟王和他的圆桌骑士》，同时也是骑士文学代表作）
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