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考研阅读逐句译第篇

唐静考研阅读逐句译 2000年第1篇第1句A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force. 单词：effort努力；dreadful可怕的；handicap障碍；proper 适当的。结构：A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, （第一个并列句）//but, if properly handled,（条件状语） //it may become a driving force（第二个并列句）译文：长时间不费吹灰之力就可以获得成功，这样的经验可能会成为一种可怕的障碍，但是，如果处理得当，就会成为一个积极的推动力。

唐静考研阅读逐句译 2000年第1篇第2句 When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale. 单词：glow 发光；competitor 竞争者，compete 竞争；parallel 平行的，相似；unparalleled 无比的，无双的，无匹的；scale 规模。结构：When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War,（时间状语从句）// it had a market eight times larger than any competitor,（主句） //giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale.（ing分词短语在句子末尾一般表示结果）译文：二战结束之后，美国恰好进入了这样的一个辉煌时期时，它拥有的市场比任何竞争者大八倍，这使其工业的经济规模举世无双。

后记：5月5日，新浪微博上一个叫Lavanda的同学译文不错：这给它的工业带来的规模经济效益举世无比。

唐静考研阅读逐句译 2000年第1篇第4句 America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed. 单词：prosperous 繁荣的；destroy 破坏。结构：America and Americans were prosperous （主句）//beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians （介词短语做状语）//whose economies the war had destroyed.（定语从句）译文：美国及其人民之富裕，远非欧亚人民所能够想象，而后者的经济受到了战争的破坏。

唐静考研阅读逐句译 2000年第1篇第5句 It was inevitable that this

primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. 单词：inevitable 不可避免的；primacy 首位，至高无上；narrow 变窄。结构：It was inevitable （形式主语）//that this primacy should have narrowed（主语从句的主干） as other countries grew richer.（状语从句）译文：随着其他国家越来越富有，美国的这种领先地位逐渐下降已经不可避免。（注意primacy 这个词，它比较抽象，大家可以返回前文看看，这个this primacy到底指的是哪些领先的“高大上”地位。还有就是，大家要及时回头复习，复习，复习，力图掌握住句子。）

唐静考研阅读逐句译 2000年第1篇第6句 Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful. 单词：retreat 撤退，后退；predominance 优势，主导地位。结构 Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful.（简单句，注意just as inevitably是承接上一句话It is inevitable that…而言。）译文：从优势地位上退下来的痛苦也是不可避免的。（注意这里的翻译技巧：如果直接翻译是：同样不可避免的是，从优势地位上的后退证明是痛苦的。这里“后退证明是痛苦的”比较不通顺，不如把“痛苦的”这个形容词翻译为名词“从优势地位上退下来的痛苦”，再结合前面“不可避免”，改为“痛苦是必可避免的”就通顺一点了。这里说明，翻译中不一定英语形容词，汉语就一定是形容词，词性是可以转化的，前提是“大意相同”，再追求“译文通顺”。“词性转换”这一技巧，可以看看我《拆分组合》第二章。）

唐静考研阅读逐句译 2000年第1篇第7句 By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness. 单词：fade褪色，逐渐消失。结构：By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves （主干）//at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness.（介词短语充当宾语补足语）（这个句子的结构，如果大家不太理解宾语补足语没有关系，但是一定要知道at a loss这个词组，并且后面习惯接over。）译文：到了20世纪80年代中期，面对其日益衰退的工业竞争力，美国人感到不知所措。

唐静考研阅读逐句译 2000年第1篇第8句 Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition. 单词：shrink (shrank shrunk) 萎缩，退缩。结构：Some huge American industries, （主语）//such as consumer electronics, （插入语）//had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition.（谓语）译文：面对国外竞争，一些像消费电子产业之类的大型美国工业已经萎缩或渐渐消失。还可以翻译为：一些大型美国工业，如消费电子产业，在来自国外产品的竞

争之下，已经逐渐萎缩或者慢慢消失。（今天给大家讨论两点。其一，插入结构的翻译，可以像第一个译文那样，“往前放，去修饰自己所修饰的中心词”。但是，汉语语言本来就很松散，所以，仍然可以直接翻译，如第二个译文一样，“摆在原来位置”即可。其二，大家可以适当关注文章的整个语篇的连贯。这个逐句译，我每天也同时在微博发布，昨天黄培辰老师就讨论到了关于这个retreat这个词，用得很微妙。可能作为学生，你们感受不到英语的那种微妙，但是大家不妨关注一下这个文章，到现在的句子中有几个用词，如：retreat, fading, shrink, vanish这是一组；还有prosperous, primacy, predominance这又是一组；与此类似的还有，你们自己找找？）（加油，欢迎邀请你考研的战友也加入“考研阅读逐句译”，微信平台：victorjingtang，发出邀请吧！）

唐静考研阅读逐句译 2000年第1篇第9句和第10句 By 1987 there was only one American television maker left, Zenith. (Now there is none: Zenith was bought by South Korea's LG Electronics in July.) 译文：到1987年，美国只剩下一家电视生产商，即: Zenith。（现在一家也没有了：Zenith在7月被韩国LG电子公司收购。）（这两句话比较简单。不过需要关注一下专有名词，在阅读中难免会碰到很多专有名词，人名地名国家名商标名。翻译的时候，基本原则是按照习惯翻译，实在不注明的可以按照英译。比如这里South Korea肯定是习惯上的国家名称，不能翻译错误，也不能抄英语。而Zenith和LG是两家电子公司，其实都挺有名的，我们一般习惯知道LG，也就叫英语LG了；Zenith

其实也是有点名气的，但是在中国知道的不多，那就不妨直接用英语了。还有一个问题是括号，英语的括号和汉语括号作用几乎一致，所以，英语用括号，汉语也用括号。）

唐静考研阅读逐句译 2000年第1篇第11句和第12句 Foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market. America's machine-tool industry was on the ropes. 单词：sweep 扫，打扫；扫过，掠过；rope 绳子。译文：外国制造的汽车和纺织品横扫国内市场。美国的机床工业也命悬一线。翻译技巧：大家可以注意一下sweep into和on the rope这两个词组的翻译，比较好玩。sweep是“扫”的意思，sweep into比较好理解，汉语也有这样的意象“横扫，涌进”。而rope是“绳子”的意思，on the rope朗文词典的英文解释为：to be in a very bad situation, in which you are likely to be defeated.中文正好有类似的说法“命悬一线”。所以，有时候翻译好玩就在于此，英语这样说，汉语也这样说，正好两种语言都有契合的地方。大家以后在学习中可以多找找这样的契合点。当然，也有截然不同的地方，我们以后碰到再说。（广告：欢迎加入微信平台：victorjingtang）

唐静考研阅读逐句译 2000年第1篇第13句 For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty. 单词：semiconductor 半导体；casualty 伤亡者，事故中受损失的物品。结构：For a while it looked（主句的主语和系动词）// as though the making of

semiconductors,（as though连接的表语从句的主语） //which America had invented /and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, （并列的两个定语从句）//was going to be the next casualty.（表语从句的谓语部分）译文：美国发明了半导体，并且它在新的计算机时代也具有核心地位，但是有一段时间，半导体制造业似乎将成为要一个受害者。翻译技巧：译无定译。就是说，翻译，没有固定的译文；译文，没有最好，只有更好。所以，我们一般来说，翻译只有“参考答案”，绝对没有一个所谓的“标准译文”。为什么会说起这个问题，是因为昨天晚上11点多在从石家庄回北京的路上，和一个同学讨论起了我们前面的几个句子，他给我看到的译文，明显比我的译文更好。比如前面2000年第1篇第四句，我的译文是“美国及其人民之富裕，远非欧亚人民所能够想象，而后者的经济受到了战争的破坏。”而他译文是：对于经济受到战争的破坏的欧洲和亚洲来说，美国的繁荣及其人民的富裕超出了他们的想要。大家感受一下这位同学的译文和我的译文中不同的地方，琢磨一下，他的译文是好一些。大家自己思考，看看是否能发现，他的译文好在哪里。所以，以后，我每一次发的译文，你觉得你的译文明显比我的译文好，请告诉我，我们讨论。我期待你们更好的译文，我们互相学习，互相前进。今天微信平台上多了一整个强化班，他们是北京新东方VC1413班的，大家欢迎他们的加入，这个强化班，总体水平很好，学生做题快，正确率高！还没有努力的同学，该努力了哦。

唐静考研阅读逐句译 2000年第1篇第14句和第15句 All of this caused a crisis of confidence. Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted. 译文：所有的这一切使得人们的自信心开始动摇，美国人不会再理所当然地认为他们就该兴旺发达。翻译技巧：1.这是文章的第三段的前两句话，注意开始的All of this的所指，这是英语的一种语篇衔接手段。英语句子和句子之间，段落和段落之间，都是有非常紧密的关系，逻辑是很清晰的。2.注意，我对crisis of confidence和stopped taking prosperity for grated的翻译，我是考虑了一点时间的，不知道大家是否还有更好的翻译。虽然“信心危机”在汉语里面一直在用，但是，总觉得有点“欧式汉语”的嫌疑，我比较守旧，顽固不化，所以，总想避免用这样的“欧式汉语”。对stopped taking prosperity for grated的翻译也有同样的考虑。期待你们有更好的译文来说服我吧。广告：欢迎邀请周围喜欢英语的朋友加入“考研阅读逐句译，微信公众平台victorjingtang”。欢迎转发我每天的微信和微博。当然，更欢迎指正问题。

唐静考研阅读逐句译 2000年第1篇第16句 They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. 结构：They began to believe （主句）//that their way of doing business was failing, （that引导的宾语从句）//and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well.（and并列的第二个宾语从句）译文：他们开始相信自己的商业经营方式是失败的，并相信不久他们的收入也会因此而下降。翻译技巧：注意这里and并列的两个宾语从句，翻译的时候采用“重复法”，重复前面的动词，“相信…并相信…”。大家还要注意判断and是并列的谁和谁，这个句子很好发现，and后面有that，所以前面也一定有一个that相并列。以后碰到难一点的and并列我们再讨论。

唐静考研阅读逐句译 2000年第1篇第17句 The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of America's industrial decline.

单词：inquiry 询问，调查；decline 下降。

译文：80年代中期，人们对美国工业衰退的原因作了一次又一次的调查探究。翻译技巧：1.注意掌握短语inquiry into…是“调查”的意思，例如牛津词典上有这么一个例句：call for a public inquiry into safety standards，意思是“要求公开调查安全状况”。2.注意英语用时间做主语的现象。如果直接翻译是“80年代中期带来了一次又一次对美国工业衰退的原因的调查”。但是，汉语语言比较主观，比较爱用人做主语。所以，调整为汉语就是“在80年代中期，人们对…做调查”。这里采用“增词法”，增加了一个暗含的“人们”这个泛指的主语。这种用时间、用物做主语的现象，大家以后多关注，多体会，甚至可以试图用到作文中去。

唐静考研阅读逐句译 2000年第1篇第18句 Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas. 单词：sensational 轰动的，群情激动的；耸人听闻的；极好的。译文：有时候，他们的会发现一些耸人听闻的调查结果，这些调查结果总是提醒我们注意，来自海外的竞争日益剧烈。翻译技巧：这个句子其实理解起来很简单，翻译起来，要说清楚不容易。我对上述译文其实也并不那么满意。查了查新东方李剑老师的译文，我一般参考他的译文比较多，他翻译为“他们有时有些惊人的发现，警示人们小心日益增长的海外的竞争。”这个译文比我的译文简洁易懂，汉语本来就是意合的语言，所以，剑剑老师的译文在于精。但是有一点问题就是原文的意思本来是“他们有时候会有怂人听闻的调查结果，这个结果中充满着警告，警告是海外竞争越来越多”。所以，剑剑老师的一文中，be filled with这一层含义有点丧失了。还有，大家注意两个稍微有点抽象的名词“findings”和“warnings”，还有就是findings were filled with warnings about…这个句型。their sensational findings本来是“他们的耸人听闻的发现”，翻译的时候一定要增加动词，比如说，剑剑老师增加为“他们有惊人的发现”，我增加为“他们会发现耸人听闻的调查结果”。注意这里的findings应该是何上文有一个inquiry遥相呼应的。还有一个代词their，想想是与那些词相互衔接的？这是本段的最后一句话，注意复习，注意回头重新看看全文，确保掌握。对这个句子还有更好的译文，可以和我提出讨论。欢迎指正。（硬广告：考研阅读逐句译，尽在唐静微博平台victorjingtang，欢迎加入，欢迎转载，欢迎你的考研战友们加入！哈哈。）

后记：5月5日，在新浪微博上一个叫Lavanda的同学提供的译文还不错：他们的调查结果有时候耸人听闻，里面充斥着各种关于来自海外的竞争日益剧烈的警告。

唐静考研阅读逐句译 2000年第1篇第19句和第20句 How things have changed! In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. 单词：solid 固体的，坚固的；struggle 争斗，挣扎，艰难的前进。结构：In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth（主句） //while Japan has been struggling.（状语

从句）译文：世事难料啊！在1995年，美国可以骄傲地回顾过去5年稳健的发展，日本却一直在苦苦挣扎着前行。翻译技巧：引申！第一个感叹句How things have changed！如果直接翻译是“事情已经变化了啊”，这样的译文可以接受，可是原文的语气等感情色彩没有清楚地传达出来。可以进一步引申，既然是“事情已经变化了”，中文就可以找相应的说道“事情变化”的词组，比如“今非昔比，世事难料”等都是可以的。大家还可以注意我对第二个句子中的词组look back on sth.（回顾）的翻译，我采用“增词法”，增加了一个“骄傲地”回顾，其实是与后面的日本“苦苦挣扎”相照应的。

唐静考研阅读逐句译 2000年第1篇第21句 Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle. 单词：attribute sth. to sb. or sth. 认为某事物属于某人[某事物]，认为某事物由某人[某事物]引起或产生；solely 唯一，单独，只，仅仅；devalue 贬值，降低重要性。译文：几乎没有美国人将这个发展单纯地归因于美元贬值或商业周期循环这些显而易见的原因。翻译技巧：要注意三个地方。其一，代词this指代的是上文中上一句话出现的“美国发展，日本举步维艰”的情况，这里提及的是美国人，所以this尤其是“美国的Solid growth”。其二，such…as…是一个固定词组，一般翻译的顺序是“诸如…之类的…”，有时候也可以直接翻译为“…，比如…”。其三，这里有两个专业术语，一个是devalued dollar，这个好理解，也为人所熟知“贬值的美元，美元贬值”。另一个专业术语则相对陌生，the business cycle，直译是“商业循环”，也有人翻译为“景气循环”，我们大概也能理解。是指做生意，有生意号的时候，也有生意差的时候，不可能你一直都会生意好。做阅读理解大概这样理解到就可以了。但是做翻译，如果不是考试，如果是给你一本翻译书，最好要“求甚解”。我大概用google 查了一下，有一段中文定义比较靠谱：“景气循环。在高度繁荣的自由经济社会，进入工业化之后，都会产生景气循环。在此循环系统中，经济衰退与经济复苏轮替出现，并反映在工业生产、利润、投资、物价和就业等种种经济指标（economic indicators）之中。其循环过程分为繁荣（prosperity）、衰退（recession）、萧条（depression）与复苏（recovery; revival）四个阶段。理论上，每一循环的长度约为8至12年。”如果我们以后工作中，有机会去做翻译，也得这样，“求真”，弄清楚本质，这样才能翻译好。

唐静考研阅读逐句译 2000年第1篇第22句和第23句 Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride. “American industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt to be more quick-witted,” according to Richard Cavanaugh, executive dean of Harvard's Kennedy School of Government. 单词：yield 生出，产出；yield to 屈服，让步；变形，折断；被某事物替换或者代替；wit 用措辞构想等产生幽默的能力；机智的人；悟性，智力，理解力；quick-witted 机智的，巧妙的。译文：于是，自我怀疑变成了盲目骄傲。“美国调整了产业结构，精简了产业机构，学会了灵活应对”，哈佛大学肯尼迪管理学院行政院长理查德·卡佛纳（Richard Cavanagh）如是说道。翻译技巧：1.承上启下。注意Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride.这个句子在本段落中“承上启下”的作用。翻译的时候，为了连接顺畅，可以增加“于是，如今，现在”这种词。不过，大家可以上下看看文章，找找，哪些句子说的是美国人的“自我

怀疑”，那些句子说的是“盲目骄傲”？在回看原文的过程中，也对前面的句子进行复习。2.比喻。英语原文有个暗喻，即American industry “has gone on a diet, has learnt to be more quick-witted”.众所周知“工业是不能节食的”，人才能节食。这个暗喻是为了上文的“has changed its structure”并列。翻译的时候，考虑到说“工业节食”不太符合汉语习惯，直译的话，这个比喻不好理解，所以，我们就把比喻意义去掉，直白地翻译出来说是“美国工业精简其机构”。考虑到说“美国工业学会反应更加迅速”能让大家理解，所以可以直译了。

3.并列结构的翻译。第23句不但有比喻，还是一个并列谓语句，主语是“美国的工业”，谓语有三个动词“改变其结构，进行节食，学会反应更快”。那大家注意，我没有用“美国的工业”做主语来翻译，而是用“美国”做主语来翻译了。这是我为了在汉语译文中也尽可能求“并列”而做的一种“补偿”。我的译文不一定就好，但是我愿意这样尝试翻译给大家，喜欢翻译的人可以体会。不喜欢翻译的人，直接忽略这个问题。（4月19日于重庆）

唐静考研阅读逐句译 2000年第1篇第24句“It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity,” says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute, a t hink-tank in Washington, DC. 单词：institute 会，协会，学院，机构；think-tank 智囊团，专家小组。结构：It makes me proud to be an American just to see （主句）//how our businesses are improving their productivity.（宾语从句）译文：华盛顿特区的智囊团——卡托研究院的史蒂芬·莫尔（Stephen Moore）也说：“我们的企业正在努力提高生产率，仅看到这一点，作为一个美国人，我就感到自豪。”翻译技巧：直接引语。英汉语两种语言都有引用别人的话，一般原文引用的，用引号。这里要说的是，一般“某某说/认为/讲到/谈起”这样的话，可以在直接引语前面，也可以搁在整个句子末，都是可以的。大家可以看看这一句和上一个句子的翻译，感受一下。（4月19日晚于重庆）考研阅读逐句译2000年第1篇第25句 And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on th is period as “a golden age of business management in the United States.”译文：哈佛商学院的威廉·萨尔曼（William Sahlman）相信人们若要回顾这段时期，将把它视为“美国企业管理的黄金时代”。翻译技巧：再谈“专有名词”的翻译。今天有同学在我的私人微信上发问，说，老师：“你干嘛在专有名词翻译成汉语以后再加上括号把英语也注上了呢？”。这位同学比较心细，问得好。实话说，如果你们要应付考试，真没有必要像我这样加一个括号多此一举。人名地名专有名词，在考研这个层面的考试上，最重要的一点就是“著名的专有名词一定要按照汉语习惯翻译”。知道了这一点，足以应付考研翻译了。比如本句华中的Harvard，就没有必要整成“哈佛（Harvard）”，因为它太著名了，如果是考研，这种著名的地方也不能翻译错。比如你把Harvard Business School翻译为“哈夫商业学校”，那就太缺乏常识了，考研的话，就该判错。而我个人在平时做翻译的时候，不著名的专有名词，我一般会跟一个括号，把英语标注在上面，怕引起误解。个人觉得做样做，在翻译中更严谨一点。

这一篇文章逐句解析结束。额外扯两点。1.我写这个东西比较耗费时间，大家或许应该有感觉。我希望你们把考研复习当做“学习的过程”，一点点往前走。这就是为什么有些句子，我不会那么功利的谈及考研。就比如上面说的专有名词的

翻译问题，如果这要论考研，我没有必要那么废话，你们也没有必要在考研阅读中去弄清这些专有名词到底是某某某。但是，我的观点是，既然学了，那不妨就用多一分钟来了解一下，这个人到底是谁，起码也算是拓展了我们的知识面。这是我对待学习的一贯态度，也是我教书的一贯态度。人，不能太功利。2.话又说回来，不功利，以后怎么生活。你们毕竟是要考研的人，不能太等我每天的逐句解析。我算过，我即使每天坚持写一句，我这20天正好解析完一篇文章，或许后面有些文章只有15句话左右，我一年也不可能把2000到2010年的文章全部解析完。但是我会尽力多写点。我写这个，就图好玩，不为谋钱牟利。你们可以把我这个当做你们学习的补充，你们自己一定要每天往前走。阅读自己往前走的方案很简单，我在多个场合说过：1）模考，2）自己逐句翻译，逐句搞懂，3）再模考，4）对答案，分析选项，5）复习。注意每一步都要尽可能到位，“复习”，多复习！要记住！你们最佳的速度是每周两篇阅读。那你们自己努力吧。

（4月20日于渝返京航班上）

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Text1 Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not ch In but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative connotation. So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. 习惯是件有趣的事情。我们无意识间养成了一些习惯，我们的大脑是自动运转的，轻松进入熟知套路所带来的不自觉舒适状态。“这并非选择，而是习惯控制了那些没有思想的人”，这是威廉?华兹华斯（William Wordsworth）19世纪时说的话。在现在这个日新月异的21世纪，甚至习惯这个词本身也带有负面涵义。因此，在创造和革新的背景下来谈论习惯，似乎显得有点矛盾。 But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks. But don’t bother trying to kil off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the hippocampus, they there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads. 但大脑研究人员发现，当我们有意识地培养新的习惯的时候，我们创建了平行路径，甚至是全新的脑细胞，可以让我们的思路跳转到新的创新轨道上来。但是，不必费心试图摈弃各种旧习惯；一旦这些程序惯例融进大脑，它们就会留在那里。相反，我们刻意培养的新习惯会创建平行路径能避开原来那些老路。 “The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,” says D Markova, author of “The Open Mind” and an executive change consultant for Professional Thinking Partners. “But we are taught instead to ‘decide,’ just as decide is to kill off president calls himself ‘the Decider.’” She adds, however, that “to all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.” 大学英语

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2019考研英语一真题翻译参考答案及解析考研历年真题一定要用好，研究好。结合大纲和真题来选择辅导用书是最明智的。本文带大家回顾2019考研英语一真题翻译参考答案及解析： Part C Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) It was only after I started to write a weekly column about the medical journals, and began to read scientific papers from beginning to end, that I realised just how bad much of the medical literature frequently was. I came to recognise various signs of a bad paper: the kind of paper that purports to show that people who eat more than one kilo of broccoli a week were 1.17 times more likely than those who eat less to suffer late in life from pernicious anaemia. (46) There is a great deal of this kind of nonsense in the medical journals which, when taken up by broadcasters and the lay press, generates both health scares and short-lived dietary enthusiasms. Why is so much bad science published? A recent paper, titled “The Natural Selection of Bad Science”, published on the Royal Society’s open science website, attempts to answer this intriguing and important question. It says that the problem is not merely that people do bad science, but that our current system of career advancement positively encourages it. What is important is not truth, but publication, which has become almost an end in itself. There has been a kind of inflationary process at work: (47) nowadays anyone applying for a research post has to have published twice the number of papers that would have been required for the same post only 10 years ago. Never mind the quality, then, count the number. (48) Attempts have been made to curb this tendency, for example, by trying to incorporate some measure of quality as well as quantity int o the assessment of an applicant’s papers. This is the famed citation index, that is to say the number of times a paper has been quoted elsewhere in the scientific literature, the assumption being that an important paper will be cited more often than one of small account. (49) This would be reasonable if it were not for the fact that scientists can easily arrange to cite themselves in their future publications, or get associates to do so for them in return for similar favours. Boiling down an individual’s o utput to simple metrics, such as number of publications or journal impacts, entails considerable savings in time, energy and ambiguity. Unfortunately, the long-term costs of using simple quantitative metrics to assess researcher merit are likely to be quite great. (50) If we are serious about ensuring that our science is both meaningful and reproducible, we must ensure that our institutions encourage that kind of science. 46-50参考答案及解析：

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精心整理2011年考研英语(一)阅读真题全文翻译及答案（七绝俗手版） 2011-01-16 21-25CBDBA Text1 ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhasbeenthet alkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointmentin2009.Fort

hemostpart,theresponsehasbeenfavorable,tosaytheleast.“Hooray!Atlast!”wroteAnthonyTo mmasini,asober-sidedclassical-musiccritic。 2009年纽约交响乐团突然宣布聘用艾伦·吉尔伯特为下一位乐曲指挥，从那时起一直到现在，这次任命都成为古典音乐界的话题。退一步说，从总体上看，反应还是不错的。如冷静的古典音乐评论家安东尼·托姆西尼就这样写：从长时间来看，这次委命是英明的。 ,orbootupmycomputeranddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicfromiTunes。就我的观点而言，我不知道吉尔伯特是不是一位伟大的指挥家，甚至连他是不是算好的指挥家也不敢确定。可以确信的是，虽然他演出了很多令人印象深刻的有趣的乐曲。然而，我不需要访问AveryFisherHall（可能是纽约交响乐团所在地，即吉尔伯特表演之所），或者其他地方才能听到有趣的管弦乐。（作者意思是，不需要听吉尔伯特，到处可以听到有趣的管弦乐。）我所做的，只需要到我的CD棚里去，随便打开我的电脑，从ITUNES上就可下载比那（当指吉尔伯特表演的）多得多的类似的音乐。

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————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：

Text1 Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the u nconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative connotation. So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. 习惯是件有趣的事情。我们无意识间养成了一些习惯，我们的大脑是自动运转的，轻松进入熟知套路所带来的不自觉舒适状态。“这并非选择，而是习惯控制了那些没有思想的人”，这是威廉?华兹华斯（William Wordsworth）19世纪时说的话。在现在这个日新月异的21世纪，甚至习惯这个词本身也带有负面涵义。因此，在创造和革新的背景下来谈论习惯，似乎显得有点矛盾。 But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks. But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the hippocampus, they’re there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads. 但大脑研究人员发现，当我们有意识地培养新的习惯的时候，我们创建了平行路径，甚至是全新的脑细胞，可以让我们的思路跳转到新的创新轨道上来。但是，不必费心试图摈弃各种旧习惯；一旦这些程序惯例融进大脑，它们就会留在那里。相反，我们刻意培养的新习惯会创建平行路径能避开原来那些老路。 “The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,” says Dawna Markova, author of “The Open Mind” and an executive change consultant for Professional Th inking Partners. “But we are taught instead to ‘decide,’ just as our president calls himself ‘the Decider.’ ” She adds, however, that “to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possib ilities.”

考研英语阅读翻译1

ase to conduct a broad review of business-method patents. In re Bilski, as the case is known, is “a very big deal,” says Dennis D. Crouch of the University of Missouri School of Law. It “has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents.” 现在，该国最高专利法院似乎完全准备好要缩减商业方法专利，因为商业方法专利自从十年前第一次批准授予以来一直有争议。在一项使得知识产权律师们议论纷纷的提议中，美国联邦巡回上诉法院声称它将利用某个具体案件来对商业方法专利进行广泛的复审。密苏里大学法学院Dennis D. Crouch说，“正如人们所知道的那样，Bilski案例是一件非常大的事情”它可能将消除整个专利类别”。 Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the Federal Circuit itself that introduced such patents with its 1998 decision in the so-called State Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets. That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging Internet companies trying to stake out exclusive rights to specific types of online transactions. Later, more established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move against rivals that might beat them to the punch. In 2005, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents, despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them. Similarly, some Wall Street investment firms armed themselves with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice. 对于商业方法诉求的限制是个戏剧性的彻底变化，因为正是联邦巡回法院自己引进了这种专利。那是在1998年，对于所谓的美国道富银行的案件中，联邦巡回法院做出了判决，批准了筹集共同基金资产的方法具有专利权。这一裁决使得商业方法专利文件以几何数级增加，起初只是一些注：to the punch的英文解释为to the first blow or to decisive action ― usually used with beat 所以这里翻译为“先下手为强”或“抢占先机”。 The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market. The Federal Circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court’s judges, rather than a typical panel of th ree, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should “reconsider” its State Street Bank ruling. 前面提到的Bilski案例涉及到一份已申请的方法专利，即关于能源市场的风险规避方 The Federal Circuit’s action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the Supreme Court that has narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders. Last April, for example, the justices signaled that too many patents were being upheld for “inventions” that are obvious. The judges on the Federal Circuit are “reacting to the anti-patent trend at the Supreme Court,” says Harold C. Wegner, a patent attorney and professor at George Washington University Law School. 联邦巡回法院的这一裁决效仿了最高法院。最高法院最近做出了一系列的判决，缩小了专利持有者的受保范围。例如，去年四月，法官们认定太多的专利授予了一些显而易见的

2009年考研英语阅读理解全文翻译.doc

Text1 Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth sai d in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative connotation. So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. 习惯是件有趣的事情。我们无意识间养成了一些习惯，我们的大脑是自动运转的，轻松进入熟知套路所带来的不自觉舒适状态。“这并非选择，而是习惯控制了那些没有思想的人”，这是威廉?华兹华斯（William Wordsworth）19世纪时说的话。在现在这个日新月异的21世纪，甚至习惯这个词本身也带有负面涵义。因此，在创造和革新的背景下来谈论习惯，似乎显得有点矛盾。 But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks. But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the hippocampus, they’re there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deli berately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads. 但大脑研究人员发现，当我们有意识地培养新的习惯的时候，我们创建了平行路径，甚至是全新的脑细胞，可以让我们的思路跳转到新的创新轨道上来。但是，不必费心试图摈弃各种旧习惯；一旦这些程序惯例融进大脑，它们就会留在那里。相反，我们刻意培养的新习惯会创建平行路径能避开原来那些老路。 “The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,” says Dawna Markova, author of “The Open Mind” and an executive change consultant for Professional Thinking Partners. “But we are taught instead to ‘decide,’ just as our president calls himself ‘the Decider.’ ” She a dds, however, that “to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.”