现代大学英语第五册修辞总结

高级英语第五册修辞方法（Rhetorical Device）

1. Simile:

L1-17: It is something like… behind bars.

L1-25: Let us be dissatisfied until from every city hall… a mighty stream.(justice will roll down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream)

L5-5: Same age, same background, but dumb as an ox. (dumb as an ox)

L5-50: First he looked at the coat with the expression of a waif at a bakery window. (comparing his longing for the raccoon coat with the expression of a hungry homeless child looking longingly at the bread at a bakery window.)

L5-123: It was like digging a tunnel. (comparing his teaching to the hard work of digging a tunnel.)

L5-147: I leaped to my feet, bellowing like a bull. (comparing his angry shouts to the bellowing of

a bull)

L7-2: …united with others of our country in everything…like the fingers of the hand.

(comparing the relationship between black and white to fingers of the hand)

L7-10: Yet even then I had been going over my speech...as bright as flame. (comparing each word of his speech to bright flame)

L7-16: For in those days I was what they called ginger—colored...like a crisp ginger cookie.

(comparing the narrator to a cookie)

L7-20: My saliva became like hot bitter glue.

L7-21: The boys groped about like blind, cautious crabs... hypersensitive snails. (comparing the black boys to animals)

L7-27: A blow to my head as I danced about sent my right eye popping... my dilemma.

L7-45: I roiled away as a fumbled football rolls off the receiver’s fingertips...

L7-46: 1 was limp as a dish rag.

2. Metaphor:

L1-5: Psychological freedom. . . physical slavery. (the long night of physical slavery)

L1-5: The Negro. . . his own emancipation proclamation. (“signs with the pen and ink of assertive manhood his own emancipation proclamation”)

L1-14: … when the unjust… is eliminated. (measurement, a scale of dollars)

L1-20: He who hates… ultimate reality. （owning a key to open a door）

L1-25: the battering rams of the forces of justice;

the junk heaps of history

Let us be dissatisfied until the tragic walls… the forces of justice. (“the tragic walls” and “the battering rams”)

L1-27: When our days…into bright tomorrow. (low-hovering clouds of despair; gigantic mountains of evil)

L4-3: Killing the Angel in the House

L4-5: The image of a fisherman

L4-7: A room of one’s own

L5-1: There follows an informal essay that ventures even beyond Lamb’s frontier. (comparing the limitation set by Lamb to a frontier)

L5-20: My brain, that precision instrument, slipped into high gear. (Mixed metaphor, comparing at the same time the narrator’s brain to a precision instrument and also to a machine that has gears.)

L5-34: In other words, if you were out of the picture, the field would be open. (comparing the competing for friendship to an athletic event)

L5-98: Maybe somehow I could fan them into flame. Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind, a few embers still smoldered. (comparing Polly’s mind to the extinct crater of a volcano)

L5-115: Poisoning the well: (comparing “the personal attack on a person holding some thesis” to “poisoning the well”)

L5-151: The rat. (comparing Petey to a rat)

L6-41: I’ve never met anyone… the second time around. (The metaphor of record player is used.)

3. Allusion:

L1-25: Let us be dissatisfied until that day… none shall be afraid. (a biblical allusion: the 1ion and the lamb shall lie down together; every man will sit under his own vine and fig tree and none shall be afraid)

L5-64: We went to the Knoll, the campus trysting place, and we sat down under an old oak… (An implied allusion to Robin Hood, whose trysting place was under a huge oak tree in Sherwood Forest.)

L5-138: I was not Pygmalion; I was Frankenstein, and my monster had me by the throat.

L10-8: Overnight… surreal episodes…（a sword of Damocles）

4. Parody:

L10-25: Is our democracy… of liberty? (This is a parody of a line in Patrick Henry’s speech: “Is life so dear or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery?”)

5. Metonymy:

L4-1: No demand was made upon the family purse. (“purse” stands for money)

L4-2: But to show you how little I deserve to be called a professional woman…with my neighbors. (Butcher’s bills stand for meat bought from a butcher. )

L5-23: She was, to be sure, a girl who excited the emotions. But 1 was not one to let my heart rule my head. (to let my heart rule my head: Metonymy. “Heart”stands for “feelings and emotions” and “head” for “reason and good sense”.)

L5-105: …surgeons have X-rays to guide them during an operation. (X-rays stand for X-rays photographs)

L10-2: Anthrax panic… chambers (“Congress” stands for its members)

6. Synecdoche:

L1-25: Let us be dissatisfied until from every city hall… a mighty stream.

city hall (the naming of a part to mean the whole. Here, the naming of the building for the government)

L4-2: But to show you how little I deserve to be called a professional woman…with my neighbors. (bread and butter: This set phrase means food and the most important and basic things. )

7. Transferred epithet:

L1-25: Let us be dissatisfied until the tragic walls… the forces of justice. (the tragic walls)

L5-40: I said with a mysterious wink… (the wink was not mysterious)

L7-6: our bare upper bodies touching and shining with anticipatory sweat (In “anticipatory sweat”, the adjective “anticipatory “ is a transferred epithet.)

L7-25: He kept coming, bringing the rank sharp violence of stale sweat. (the rank sharp violence: Logically rank and sharp modify “stale sweat”, not “violence”.)

8. Oxymoron:

9. Hyperbole:

L5-5: It is not often that one so young has such a giant intellect. (exaggerating for effect)

L5-50: … he just stood and stared with mad lust at the coat. (It’s an exaggeration to describe his longing for the coat as “mad lust”)

L5-135: You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars and the constellations of outer space.

L5-135: I will wander the face of the earth, a shambling, hollow-eyed hulk.

10. Understatement or litotes:

L5-61: This loomed as a project of no small dimensions, and at first 1 was tempted to give her back to Petey. (no small dimensions)

11. Contrast:

L3-22: A contrast is made between old Shanghai and Shanghai in the 1990s.

L8-3: While Oppenheimer was interrupting…. had invented the subject. (an implied contrast)

L10-25: How do we… poise? (paranoia vs. poise)

12. Antithesis:

L1-5: As long as. . . can never be free. (mind vs. body, enslaved vs. free)

L1-5: Psychological freedom. . . physical slavery. (psychological freedom vs. physical slavery)

L1-7: …love is identified… denial of love (1ove vs. power, a resignation of power vs. denial of love)

L1-19: For through violence… but you can’t murder hate. (You may murder a murderer but you can’t murder murder.)

L1-25: outer city of wealth and comfort vs. inner city of poverty and despair;

wealth vs. poverty (economic);

comfort vs. despair(mood, psychology)

dark yesterdays vs. bright tomorrows;

segregated schools vs. integrated education

on the basis of the content of their character vs. on the basis of the color of their skin

content(substance) vs. color (superficial)

character(fundamental) vs. skin (outward appearance)

L1-27: When our days…into bright tomorrow.

dark yesterday VS. bright tomorrow

L5-27: It is, after all, easier to make a beautiful dumb girl smart than to make an ugly smart girl beautiful.

beautiful dumb vs. ugly smart

L5-50: Back and forth his head swiveled, desire waxing, resolution waning.

Desire waxing vs. resolution waning

L5-153: Look at me—a brilliant student, a tremendous intellectual, a man with an assured future.

Look at Petey—a knot-head, a jitterbug, a guy who’ll never know where his next meal is coming from.

Brilliant, intellectual and assured vs. knot-head, jitterbug and never know where his next meal is coming from”

13. Parallelism:

L1-6: … confrontation of the forces… the status quo.

forces of power demanding change

(present participle)

forces of power dedicated to the preserving of the

(past participle) status quo

L1-8: What is needed… and anemic.

power without love is reckless and abusive

love without power is sentimental and anemic

L1-8: Power at its best… against love.

power at its best love implementing demands of justice

justice at its best power correcting against love

L1-10: And, in the thinking of that day…moral fiber.

the absence of vs. a want of

worldly goods vs. (qualities)

L1-19: For through violence… but you can’t murder hate.

Three sentences “T hrough violence you may murder… but you can’t murder…”

L1-20: And I have seen too much hate…. too great a burden to bear.

I have seen too much hate

I’ve seen too much hate on

I’ve seen hate on…too many Klansmen…

L1-25: There are 11 sentences beginning with “let us be dissatisfied until” and two short sentences of “let us be dissatisfied”.

L12-5: The armies of… The legions of…

The armies of… are marshaled against it.

The legions of… will march against it.

L12-16: A novelist’s characters… celebrity.

a novelist’s characters hope for immortality

a profile journalist’s for celebrity

L12-24: It is the disrespect… to preserve.

(disrespect) for power

orthodoxies

party lines

ideologies

…;

that I would like to celebrate

that I urge all to preserve

14. Epigram:

L1-20: He who hates… ultimate reality.

15. Paradox:

L1-18: Without recognizing this…that don’t explain.

paralleled paradoxes: solutions that don’t solve

answers that don’t answer

explanations that don’t explain

L1-27: When our days…into bright tomorrow. (to make a way out of no way)

16. Chiasmus:

L1-9: It is precisely this collision… of our times. (immoral power vs. powerless morality)

L6-6: Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence.

17. Anaphora:

L1-25: let us be dissatisfied…

18. Alliteration:

L1-25: Let us be dissatisfied until that day… none shall be afraid. ( lion, lamb, lie)

L7-2: Live with your head in the lion’s mouth...or bust wide open. (death and destruction)

L7-9: Some of the others tried to stop them…slipping and sliding over the polished floor.

(slipping and sliding)

19. Onomatopoeia:

L3-14: click

Rhetorical Devices

一、明喻（simile）是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系，两者都在对比中出现。常用比喻词like, as, as if, as though 等，例如：

1、This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see.

这头象和任何人见到的一样像一条蛇。

2、He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairytales and had passed me like a spirit.

他看上去好像刚从我的童话故事书中走出来，像幽灵一样从我身旁走过去。

3、It has long leaves that sway in the wind like slim fingers reaching to touch something.

它那长长的叶子在风中摆动，好像伸出纤细的手指去触摸什么东西似的。

二、隐喻（metaphor）这种比喻不通过比喻词进行，而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写，甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。

1、German guns and German planes rained down bombs, shells and bullets... 德国人的枪炮和飞机将炸弹、炮弹和子弹像暴雨一样倾泻下来。

2、The diamond department was the heart and center of the store.

钻石部是商店的心脏和核心。

三、Allusion（暗引）其特点是不注明来源和出处，一般多引用人们熟知的关键词或词组，将其融合编织在作者的话语中。引用的东西包括典故、谚语、成语、格言和俗语等。英语引用最多的是源出《圣经》故事以及希腊、罗马神话、《伊索寓言》和那些源远流长的谚语、格言等。例如：

1、Grammar may be his heel of Achilles.语法是他的大弱点。（Achill es是希腊神话中的一位勇士。除了脚踵处，他身上其他地方刀枪不入。）

2、The project is an economic albatross from the start.

这个项目从一开始就是一个摆脱不了的经济难题。(Albatross是英国诗人柯勒律治的《古舟子咏》中的信天翁，它被忘恩负义的水手杀死后，全船陷入灾难中。)

四、提喻（synecdoche）又称举隅法，主要特点是局部代表全体，或以全体喻指部分，或以抽象代具体，或以具体代抽象。例如：

1、The Great Wall was made not only of stones and earth, but of the flesh and blood of millions of men.

长城不仅是用石头和土建造的，而且是用几百万人的血和肉建成的。

句中的“the flesh and blood”喻为“the great sacrifice”（巨大的牺牲）

2、“...saying that it was the most beautiful tongue in the world,...”

……他说这是世界上最美的语言。

这里用具体的“tongue”代替抽象的“language”。

3、Many eyes turned to a tall,20—year black girl on the U.S. team.

很多人将眼光投向美国队一个高高的20岁的黑姑娘。

这里的“many eyes”代替了“many persons”。

五、转喻/借代（metonymy）是指两种不同事物并不相似，但又密不可分，因而常用其中一种事物名称代替另一种。

1、Several years later, word came that Napoleonyh himself was coming to inspect them...

几年以后，他们听说拿破仑要亲自来视察他们。

“word”在这里代替了“news, information”（消息、信息）

2、Al spoke with his eyes, “yes”.

艾尔用眼睛说，“是的”。

“说”应该是嘴的功能，这里实际上是用眼神表达了“说话的意思”。

六、拟人（personification）这种修辞方法是把人类的特点、特性加于外界事物之上，使之人格化，以物拟人，以达到彼此交融，合二为一。

1、Necessity is the mother of invention.需要乃是发明之母。

2、She is the favoured child of Fortune她是幸运之宠儿。

两句中名词mother和child通常用于人，而这里分别用于无生命的名词invention 和Fortune，使这两个词拟人化了。

七、夸张（hyperbole）这是运用丰富的想象，过激的言词，渲染和装饰客观事物，以达到强调的效果。

1、My blood froze.

我的血液都凝固了。

2、When I told our father about this, his heart burst.

当我将这件事告诉我们的父亲时，他的心几乎要迸出来。

3、My heart almost stopped beating when I heard my daughter’s voice on the phone.

从电话里一听到我女儿的声音，我的心几乎停止跳动。

八、Understatement: (含蓄陈述）It is the opposite of hyperbole, or overstatement. It achieves its effect of emphasizing a fact by deliberately understating it, impressing the listener or the reader more by what is merely implied or left unsaid than by bare statement. 1、It is no laughing matter.

九、双关语（pun）是以一个词或词组，用巧妙的办法同时把互不关联的两种含义结合起来，以取得一种诙谐有趣的效果。

Napoleon was astonished. ”Either you are mad, or I am,”he declared. “Both，sir!” cried the Swede proudly.

“Both”一词一语双关，既指拿破仑和这位士兵都是疯子，又指这位战士参加过拿破仑指挥的两次战役。

十、讽刺（irony）是指用含蓄的褒义词语来表示其反面的意义，从而达到使本义更加幽默，更加讽刺的效果。

Well, of course, I knew that gentlemen like you carry only large notes.

啊，当然，我知道像你这样的先生只带大票子。

店员这句话意在讽刺这位穿破衣的顾客：像你这样的人怎么会有大票子呢？名为“gentlemen”实则“beg gar”而已。

十一、Euphemism就是用转弯抹角的说法来代替直截了当的话，把原来显得粗鲁或令人尴尬的语言温和、含蓄地表达出来。这在汉语中叫委婉语。例如：

用sanitation engineer替代garbage man(清洁工)

用the disadvantaged替代the poor(穷人)

用industrial action替代strike(罢工)

十二、Transferred epithet（移就/转类形容词）是采用表示性质和特征的形容词或相当于形容词的词来修饰、限定与它根本不同属性的名词。这种修辞手法能与汉语中的移就基本相似。例如：

The doctor's face expressed a kind of doubting admiration. （用"疑惑"修饰限定"钦佩"）医生的脸上流露出钦佩而又带有疑惑的神情。

十三、矛盾修辞法(Oxymoron) 用两种不相调和，甚至截然相反的特征来形容一项事物，在矛盾中寻求哲理，以便收到奇警的修辞效果，这就是矛盾修辞法，用这种方法，语言精炼简洁，富有哲理，并产生强大的逻辑力量，产生一种出人意料，引人入胜的效果。例如：

in bitter-sweet memories, orderly chaos(混乱) and proud humility(侮辱).

十四、仿拟(Parody) 根据家喻户晓的成语或谚语，临时更换其中的某个部分，造成新的成语或谚语；或者根据古今名言警句，在保持其原句不变的情况下，更换其中部分词语，这种修辞方式叫仿拟。

1、To lie or not to lie-the doctor's dilemma(撒谎还是不撒谎——医生的难题)看到这个标题，我们不禁想起莎翁戏剧Hamlet中那个永远也解不透的句子“To be

or not to be, tha t is the question”。显然，文章的题目由此模仿而来，给人印象深刻。

2、Lady hermits who are down but not out(穷困而不潦倒的女隐士们)文中的down but not out源于down and out,原是拳击比赛的术语，后来喻指穷困潦倒的人。

十五、Antithesis (对语、对句、平行对照)它是把意义相反或相对的语言单位排列在平行、对称的结构里,以求取一种匀称的形式美和强烈的对照感。Antithesis 有两个特点:一是语义上的对照性,二是结构上的对称性。因此, 该辞格可看作是Parallelism(平行)与Contrast (对照) 的结合,故译作“平行对照”。体现Antithesis 的语言单位可分为两个层次,即词语和句子, 所以又将Antithesis 译为“对语”、“对句”。英语Antithesis 形式整齐对称,音律节奏铿锵,内容既适于反衬对照,又适于重复强调,在形、音、义各方面都具有鲜明的修辞功能。Antithesis 的使用能揭示事物的矛盾性,对照的语句往往说得巧妙机智,寓意深刻,蕴含着某种人生的哲理或真谛,常见于英语谚语、名言、演说及文学作品中。例如:

1、Knowledge makes humble , ignorance makes proud. (Proverb)

有知使人谦卑, 无知使人骄矜。

2、A pessimist is one who makes difficulties of his opportunities ; an optimist is

one who makes opportunities of his difficulties.

悲观的人把机会变成困难; 乐观的人将困难化为机会。

3、Ask not what your country can do for you —ask what you can do for your country. (John Kennedy: Inaugural Address)

不要问国家能为你们做些什么,而要问你们能为国家做些什么。

上述两个例句体现了一种特殊的Antithesis ,句中同样采用“交错配列法”,用词巧妙,交叉重复,前后对照,含义隽永。

十六、头韵法（alliteration）头韵是一种语音修辞方式，它指在文句中有两个以上连结在一起的词或词组，其开头的音节有同样的字母或声音，以增强语言的节奏感。常用于文章的标题、诗歌及广告语中，简明生动，起到突出重点，加深印象，平衡节奏，宣泄感情的作用。How and why he had come to Princeton, New Jersey is a story of struggle, success, and sadness.

十七、拟声（onomatopoeia）是摹仿自然界中非语言的声音，其发音和所描写的事物的声音很相似，使语言显得生动，富有表现力。

1、On the root of the school house some pigeons were softly cooing.

在学校房屋的屋顶上一些鸽子正轻轻地咕咕叫着。

2、She brought me into touch with everything that could be reached or felt——sunlight, the rustling of silk, the noises of insects, the creaking of a door, the voice of a loved one.

她使我接触到所有够得着的或者感觉得到的东西，如阳光呀，丝绸摆动时的沙沙声呀，昆虫的叫声呀，开门的吱嗄声呀，亲人的说话声呀。

十八、Epigram: (警句）It states a simple truth pithily(有利地) and pungently(强烈地). It is usually terse and arouses interest and surprise by its deep insight into certain aspects of human behavior or feeling.

Few, save the poor, feel for the poor.

十九、Climax: (渐进）It is derived from the Greek word for "ladder" and implies the progression of thought at a uniform or almost uniform rate of significance or intensity, like the steps of a ladder ascending evenly.

I came, I saw, I conquered.

二十、Chiasmus（回文）两个排比结构中第二个所用的修辞上的倒装She went to Paris; to New York went he.

二十一、Paradox(似非而是的隽语）这是一种貌似矛盾,但包含一定哲理的意味深长的说法

消极修辞(Passive Rhetoric Techniques) 和积极修辞(Active Rhetoric Techniques)

积极修辞(Active Rhetoric Techniques)有相对固定格式的修辞性写作技巧。常见分类如下：

1．词义修辞格(Lexical Stylistic Devices)

metaphor（比喻）, metonymy（借代）, personification（拟人）, irony（反语）, hyperbole（夸张）, understatement（低调）, euphemism（委婉语）, contrast（对照）, oxymoron（矛盾修辞法）, transferred epithet（移就）, pun （双关）, parody（仿拟）, paradox（隽语）

2．结构修辞格(Syntactical Stylistic Devices)

repetition（反复）, , chiasmus（回文）, parallelism（平行结构）, antithesis （对句）, rhetoric question（设问）, anticlimax（突降），climax （渐进）3．音韵修辞格(Phonetic Stylistic Devices)

alliteration（头韵）, onomatopoeia（拟声）

It is something like improving the food in the prison while the people remain securely incarcerated behind bars.Simile

Same age, same background, but dumb as an ox. Simile

For in those days I was what they called ginger—colored, and he sounded as though he might crunch me between his teeth like a crisp ginger cookie. Simile

I was limp as a dish rag. Simile

Seeing their fingers coming toward me I roiled away as a fumbled football rolls off the receiver’s fingertips, back into the coals. Simile

The boys groped about like blind, cautious crabs crouching to protect their midsections.Simile

A blow to my head as I danced about sent my right eye popping like a jack-in-the-box and settled my dilemma. Simile

My saliva became like hot bitter glue. Simile

Yet even then I had been going over my speech. In my mind each word was as bright as flame. Simile

As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country. Simile Money is like a bottomless sea, in which honor, conscience, and truth may be drowned. Simile

Personal conflicts will diminish when the unjust measurement of human worth on the scale of dollars is eliminated. Metaphor

The Negro will only be free when he signs with the pen and ink of assertive manhood his own emancipation proclamation. Metaphor

Let’s us be dissatisfied until the walls that separate the outer city and the inner city shall be crushed by the battering rams of the forces of justice. Metaphor Let’s us be dissatisfied until slums are cast into the junk heaps of history. Metaphor

This being America, he has found a way to marry these two passions and sell the result. Metaphor

My brain, that precision instrument, slipped into high gear. Metaphor

In other words, if you were out of the picture, the field would be open.

Metaphor

Maybe somehow I could fan them into flame. Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind, a few embers still smoldered. Metaphor

I’ve never met anyone who thinks that if you rewound the tape of terrestrial evolution and played it again, you’d wind up with a genetically identical human being the second time around. Metaphor

All would resurface in his books.Metaphor resurface: 露出水面

Mark Twain is the father of Huck Finn’s idyllic cruises.Metaphor

Not until the day when the lion and the lamb shall lie down together, will we be satisfied. Allusion

I was not Pygmalion; I was Frankenstein, and my monster had me by the

throat. Allusion

Overnight, the United States perceived a sword of Damocles suspended over its head. Allusion

What will it be when the increase of yearly production is brought to a complete stop? Here is the vulnerable place, the heel of Achilles, for capitalistic production. Allusion

Let us be dissatisfied until every state capitol houses a governor who will do justly. Synecdoche

Instead of spending the money upon bread and butter, rent, or shoes and stockings, I bought a beautiful cat. Synecdoche

Germany beat Argentina 2 to 1 in the final. Synecdoche

He earned his bread as a teacher. Synecdoche

Mah-jongg is also played by rich society women at country clubs in Beverly Hills and in apartments on Manhattan’s Upper West Side. Metonymy

Writing was a reputable and harmless occupation. No demand was made upon the family purse. Metonymy

Instead of spending the money upon rent, shoes and stockings, or butcher’s bills, I bought a beautiful cat. Metonymy

She was, to be sure, a girl who excited the emotions. But 1 was not one to let my heart rule my head. Metonymy

Surgeons have X-rays to guide them during an operation. Metonymy

Anthrax panic sends Congress running from its chambers Metonymy

The candidate met his Waterloo in the national elections. Metonymy waterloo:滑铁卢（比利时城镇）（决定性的竞赛；惨败）

For making money, his pen would prove mightier than his pickax.Metonymy My 15 students read Emerson, Thoreau, and Huxley. Metonymy

Against the Oval Earth man, the first card I can play is the analogy of the sun and moon. Metonymy

I will love you still till all seas have gone dry; I will love you still till rocks have melted with the sun. Hyperbole

I will wander the face of the earth, a shambling, hollow-eyed hulk. Hyperbole You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars and the constellations of outer

space. Hyperbole

It is not often that one so young has such a giant intellect. Hyperbole

He just stood and stared with mad lust at the coat. Hyperbole

He almost died laughing. Hyperbole

This loomed as a project of no small dimensions, and at first I was tempted to give her back to Petey. Understatement or litotes

John is not unhappy at all with the situation.Litotes

He is a man not without ambition. Understatement

I said with a mysterious wink. Transferred epithet

He kept coming, bringing the rank sharp violence of stale sweat. Transferred epithet

Our bare upper bodies touching and shining with anticipatory sweat.

Transferred epithet

Helen spoke with lazy calmness. Transferred epithet

I spent sleepless nights on my project. Transferred epithet

There was an audible stillness, in which the common voice sounded strange. Oxymoron

A miserable, merry Christmas. Oxymoron (悲喜交加的圣诞节)

Is our democracy so fragile that four airplane bombs can erode 225 years of liberty? Parody

To lie or not to lie-the doctor's dilemma. Parody

Let’s us be dissatisfied until the dark yesterdays of segregated schools will be transformed into bright tomorrows of quality, integrated education. Antithesis Let’s us be dissatisfied until men a nd women will be judged on the basis of the content of their character and not on the basis of the color of their skin. Antithesis

Let’s us be dissatisfied until the walls that separate the outer city of wealth and comfort and

the inner city of poverty and despair shall be crushed by the forces of justice.

Antithesis

Love is identified with a resignation of power, and power with a denial of love.

Antithesis

As long as mind is enslaved, the body can never be free. Antithesis

Back and forth his head swiveled, desire waxing, resolution waning.

Antithesis

It is, after all, easier to make a beautiful dumb girl smart than to make an ugly smart girl beautiful. Antithesis

Knowledge makes humble, ignorance makes proud. Antithesis

A pessimist is one who makes difficulties of his opportunities; an optimist is one who makes opportunities of his difficulties. Antithesis (悲观的人把机会变成困难;乐观的人将困难化为机会。)

Power at its best is love implementing the demands of justice, and justice at its best is power correcting everything that stands against love. Parallelism

I have seen too much hate. I’ve seen too much hate on the faces of sheriffs in

the South.

In the thinking of that day, the absence of worldly goods indicated a want of industrious habits and moral fiber. Parallelism

What is needed is a realization that power without love is reckless and abusive, and love without power is sentimental and anemic. Parallelism

Their powers of conversation were considerable. They could describe an entertainment with accuracy, relate an anecdote with humor, and laugh at their acquaintance with spirit.Parallelism

Not until the day when the lion and the lamb shall lie down together, will we be satisfied. Alliteration

I want you to overcome them with yeses, agree them to death and destruction.

Alliteration

The grass turns brittle and brown, and it cracks beneath your feet. Alliteration The aged visitors were made of lean and leather, and they bore themselves upright. Alliteration

They made loud and elaborate talk among themselves, full of jest and gesture, fright and false alarm. Alliteration

The news of the death of the famous singer traveled fast and far. Alliteration On the root of the school house some pigeons were softly cooing. Onomatopoeia

Mah-jongg is played in small rooms that are full of smoke and the ceaseless click of the chunky plastic tiles. Onomatopoeia

He who hates does not know God, but he who has love has the key that unlocks the door to the meaning of ultimate reality. Epigram

ow

It is precisely this collision of immoral power with powerless morality which constitutes the major crisis of our times. Chiasmus

Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence. Chiasmus

Let us remember that there is a power that is able to make a way out of no way. Paradox

Without recognizing this we will end up with solutions that don’t solve. Paradox

Without recognizing this we will end up with answers that don’t answer. Paradox

Without recognizing this we will end up with explanations that don’t explain. Paradox

高级英语课文修辞总结

高级英语课文修辞总结（1-7课） 第一课Face to Face With Hurricane Camille Simile: 1. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. (comparing the passing of children to the passing of buckets of water in a fire brigade when fighting a fire) 2. The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. (comparing the sound of the wind to the roar of a passing train) Metaphor : 1. We can batten down and ride it out. (comparing the house in a hurricane to a ship fighting a storm at sea) 2. Wind and rain now whipped the house. (Strong wind and rain was lashing the house as if with a whip.) Personification : 1. A moment later, the hurricane, in one mighty swipe, lifted the entire roof off the house and skimmed it 40 feet through the air. (The hurricane acted as a very strong person lifting something heavy and throwing it through the air.)

高级英语修辞总结完整版

高级英语修辞总结 HUA system office room 【HUA16H-TTMS2A-HUAS8Q8-HUAH1688】

Rhetorical Devices 一、明喻（simile） 是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系，两者都在对比中出现。常用比喻词like, as, as if, as though等，例如： 1、This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see. 这头象和任何人见到的一样像一条蛇。 2、He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairytales and had passed me like a spirit. 他看上去好像刚从我的童话故事书中走出来，像幽灵一样从我身旁走过去。 3、It has long leaves that sway in the wind like slim fingers reaching to touch something. 它那长长的叶子在风中摆动，好像伸出纤细的手指去触摸什么东西似的。 二、隐喻（metaphor） 这种比喻不通过比喻词进行，而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写，甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。 1、German guns and German planes rained down bombs, shells and bullets... 德国人的枪炮和飞机将炸弹、炮弹和子弹像暴雨一样倾泻下来。 2、The diamond department was the heart and center of the store. 钻石部是商店的心脏和核心。 三、Allusion（暗引）

高级英语修辞手法总结归纳

英语修辞手法 明喻 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性. 标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. 例如: 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud. 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.隐喻,暗喻 隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成. 例如： 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 借喻,转喻 借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称. I.以容器代替内容,例如: 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了. 2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着. II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说.

III.以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如: I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力 气赚钱. 提喻 提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般. 例如: 1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体) 他的厂里约有100名工人. 2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般) 他是本世纪的牛顿. 3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.（整体代部分） 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配. 通感,联觉,移觉 这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，“以感觉写感觉”。 通感技巧的运用，能突破语言的局限，丰富表情达意的审美情趣，起到增强文采的艺术效果。比如：欣赏建筑的重复与变化的样式会联想到音乐的重复与变化的节奏；闻到酸的东西会联想到尖锐的物体；听到飘渺轻柔的音乐会联想到薄薄的半透明的纱子；又比如朱自清《荷塘月色》里的“ 微风过处送来缕缕清香,仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的”。

英语修辞手法讲解

英语19种修辞手法解读 1.Simile 明喻 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比。这种共性存在于人们的心里，而不是事物的自然属性。标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等。 例如： 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow。 2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud。 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale。 2.Metaphor 隐喻，暗喻 隐喻是简缩了的明喻，是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物，通过比较形成。 例如： 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper。 2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested。 3.Metonymy 借喻，转喻 借喻不直接说出所要说的事物，而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称。 I。以容器代替内容，例如： 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了。 2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着。 II。以资料。工具代替事物的名称，例如： Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说。 III。以作者代替作品，例如： a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI。以具体事物代替抽象概念，例如： I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气，他们就用我的力气赚钱。 4.Synecdoche 提喻 提喻用部分代替全体，或用全体代替部分，或特殊代替一般。 例如： 1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory。(部分代整体) 他的厂里约有100名工人。 2>.He is the Newton of this century。(特殊代一般) 他是本世纪的牛顿。 3>.The fox goes very well with your cap。(整体代部分) 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配。 5.Synaesthesia 通感，联觉，移觉 这种修辞法是以视。听.触。嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物。通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，“以感觉写感觉”。 通感技巧的运用，能突破语言的局限，丰富表情达意的审美情趣，起到增强文采的艺术效果。比如：欣赏建筑的重复与变化的样式会联想到音乐的重复与变化的节奏；闻到酸的东西会联想到尖锐的物体；听到飘渺轻柔的音乐会联想到薄薄的半透明的纱子；又比如朱自清《荷塘月色》里的“微风过处送来缕缕清香，仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的”。 例如： 1>.The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily like voice。(用视觉形容听觉，鸟落在树上，由它发出的声音联想到百合花)

(完整word版)高级英语第一册修辞总结1--11

Unit 1 Middle Eastern Bazaar 1. Onomatopoeia: is the formation of words in imitation o the sounds associated with the thing concerned. e.g. 1) tinkling bells (Para. 1) 2) the squeaking and rumbling (Para. 9) 2. Metaphor: is the use of a word or phrase which describes one thing by stating another comparable thing without using “as” or “like”. e.g. 1) the heat and glare of a big open square (Para. 1) 2) …in the maze of vaulted streets which honeycomb this bazaar (Para. 7) 3. alliteration: is the use of several words in close proximity beginning with the same letter or letters. e.g. 1) …thread their way among the throngs of people (Para. 1) 2)…make a point of protesting 4. Hyperbole: is the use of a form of words to make sth sound big, small, loud and so on by saying that it is like something even bigger, smaller, louder, etc. e.g. a tiny restaurant (Para. 7) a flood of glistening linseed oil (Para. 9) 5．Antithesis: is the setting, often in parallel structure, of contrasting words or phrases opposite each other for emphasis. e.g. 1) …a tiny apprentice blows a big charcoal fire with a huge leather bellows…(Para. 5) 2) …which towers to the vaulted ceiling and dwarfs the camels and their stone wheels. (Para. 5) 6. Personification: a figure of speech in which inanimate objects are endowed with human qualities or are represented as possessing human form. e.g. …as the burnished copper catches the light of …(Para.5) Unit 9 Mark Twain—Mirror of America V. Rhetorical devices 1. Simile: Please refer to Lesson 2. e.g. 1) Indeed, this nation’s best-loved author was every bit as adventurous, patriotic, romantic, and humorous as anyone has ever imagined. (Para. 1) 2) Tom’s mischievous daring, ingenuity, and the sweet innocence of his affection for Becky Thatcher are almost as sure to be studied in American schools today as is the Declaration of Independence. (Para. 15)

高级英语修辞手法总结(常考)

高级英语修辞手法总结(常考)

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英语修辞手法 1.Simile 明喻 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性. 标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. 例如: 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud. 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻 隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成. 例如： 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻 借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称. I.以容器代替内容,例如: 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了. 2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着. II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说. III.以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如: I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱. 4.Synecdoche 提喻 提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般. 例如: 1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体) 他的厂里约有100名工人. 2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般) 他是本世纪的牛顿. 3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.（整体代部分） 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配. 5.Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉 这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，“以感觉写感觉”。 通感技巧的运用，能突破语言的局限，丰富表情达意的审美情趣，起到增强文采的艺术效果。比如：欣赏建筑的重复与变化的样式会联想到音乐的重复与变化的节奏；闻到酸的东西会联想到尖锐的物体；听到飘渺轻柔的音乐会联想到薄薄的半透明的纱子；又比如朱自清《荷塘月色》里的“ 微风过处送来缕缕清香,仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的”。

高级英语第一册修辞手法总结.docx

Lesson 1 1．"We can batten down and ride it out," he said. (Para. 4)metaphor 2 .Wind and rain now whipped the house. (Para. 7) personification 3. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade.、metaphor simile 4. He held his head between his hands, and silently prayed:“ Get us through this mess, will You”(Para. 17)alliteration 5. It seized a 600,000-gallon personification Gulfport oil tank and dumped it miles away. 6.Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them. simile 、onomatopoeia( 拟声 ) 7.Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point.（Para. 20）transferred epithet 8 8. Richelieu Apartments were smashed apart as if by a gigantic fist, and 26 people perished. （P ara. 20） simile 、 personification 9.and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads. simile and medical supplies streamed in by plane, train, truck and car. (Para. 31) metaphor Lesson 4 1. Darrow had whispered throwing a reassuring arm around my shoulder as we were waiting for the court to open. (para2)Transferred epithet 2. The case had erupted round my head not long after I arrived in Dayton as science master and football coach at secondary school.(para 3)Synecdoche

高级英语修辞手法总结(最常考)

英语修辞手法 1.Simile 明喻 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的 自然属性. 标志词常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. 例如: 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud. 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻 隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成. 例如： 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻 借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称. I.以容器代替容,例如: 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了. 2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着. II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说. III.以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如: I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力 气赚钱. 4.Synecdoche 提喻 提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般. 例如: 1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体) 他的厂里约有100名工人. 2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般) 他是本世纪的牛顿. 3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.（整体代部分） 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配. 5.Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉 这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，“以感觉写感觉”。 通感技巧的运用，能突破语言的局限，丰富表情达意的审美情趣，起到增强文采的艺术效果。比如：欣赏建筑的重复与变化的样式会联想到音乐的重复与变化的节奏；闻到酸的东西会联想到尖锐的物体；听到飘渺轻柔的音乐会联想到薄薄的半透明的纱子；

高级英语修辞总结

高级英语第一册修辞 Mixed metaphor Metaphors(隐喻) Alliteration(首韵) Simile(明喻）Transferred epithet(移就）Synecdoche(题喻) Antithesis(对照）Parallelism(排比）Repetition(重复）Metonymy(借代）Personification(拟人）Euphemism（夸张） Lesson7 1. who ever know a Johnson with a quick tongue? （metaphor） 2. She was determined to .....any disaster in her effort. (Personification) 3. She put on some sunglasses.....of her nose and her chin.(Hyperbole夸张） 4. ....perhaps a dog run over by ......enough to be kind of him.（Analogy类比） 5. ....chin on chest,eyes on ground, feet in shuttle.(Hyperbole夸张） 1. And she stops and tries to dig a well in the sand with her toe. (exaggeration) 2. I feel my whole face warming from the heat waves it throws out .(exaggeration) 3.“Maggie’s brain is like an elephant’s”.Wangero said ,laughing .(ironic) 4.You did not even have to look close to see where hands pushing the dasher up and down to make butter had left a kind of sink in the wood .(metaphor) 5.“Mama,”Wangero said sweet as a bird .“can I have these old quilts?”(simile) Lesson14 1.It excel all forms of human wickedness...ferocious aggression (Hyperbole, paradox) 2.But can you dout what our policy will be ? （rhetorical question） 3.We have rid the earth of his shadow....from his yoke.(metaphor) 4.Any man or states who fight on against ....will have our aid.(Antithesis) 5.It is not for me to ...,but this i will say ...(inversion) 6.With its clanking (onomatopoeia) , hell-clicking （assonance） 7.Churchill ,he reverted to this theme, and I asked whether for him, the arch anti-communist ,this was not bowing down in the House of common.(metaphor) 8.If Hitler invaded Hell and would make at least a favorable reference to the Devil in the House of Commons.(exaggeration) 9.I see the Russian soldiers standing on the threshold of their native land ,guarding the fields which their fathers have tilled from time immemorial.(Metaphor) 10.I see the German bombers and fighters in the sky ,street smarting from many a British whipping to find what they believe is an easier and a safer prey.(assonance, periodic) 11.We will never parley; we will never negotiate with Hitler or any of his gang. We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air. (Parallelism) 12. But all this fades away before the spectacle which is now unfolding.(metaphor) 13. After I tripped over it two or three times he told me to just call him Hakim-a-barber .(metaphor) 第二册Rhetorical： Lesson1 1 The fact that their marriages may be on the rocks,or that their love affairs have been broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern.—metaphor,pun

英文修辞手法总结

1.Simile明喻 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性. 标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. 例如: 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud. 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 2.Metaphor隐喻,暗喻 隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成. 例如: 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 3.Metonymy借喻,转喻 借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称. I.以容器代替内容,例如: 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了. 2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着. II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说. III.以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如: I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱. 4.Synecdoche提喻 提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般. 例如: 1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体) 他的厂里约有100名工人. 2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般) 他是本世纪的牛顿. 3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.（整体代部分）

Figurative Speech 英语修辞总结

Figures of Speech/Rhetorical Devices I. Introduction By figures of speech we refer here to those rhetorical devices termed tropes in classical rhetoric. Tropes have to do with the way words are made to mean other than what they would normally imply, and therefore involve deviation from the ordinary and literal meaning of words. They are ways of making our language figurative. A knowledge of the figures, and of how they are best used will be of help to us not only in deepening our understanding of what we read, but also in appreciating more fully the finer points of a writer’s style. In the process, we might even learn to write better ourselves. The number of figures ranged from 65 to 200 in classical times. We will only choose those that are of most universal appeal, and of the greatest practical value. II. Simile and metaphor 1.simile: It is a comparison between two distinctively different things and the comparison is indicated by the word as, like, as if, than. A simile is made up of three parts, the tenor, the vehicle, and the indicator of resemblance or simile marker. A simile is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic in common. The comparison is purely imaginative, that is, the resemblance between the two unlike things in that one particular aspect exists only in our minds, in our “inward eye” and not in the nature of the things themselves. To make the comparison, words like as, as … as, as … so, like, as if, as though, sim ilar to, to bear a resemblance to, and comparative structure, prepositional phrases, and other collocations are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other. Sometimes the association is between unfamiliar and familiar things, or between abstract and concrete images. The stronger the association that is felt, the greater the force of the comparison, the stronger the power of suggestion and the sharper the image produced. 1) like a. And then the whining schoolboy, with his satchel and shining morning

高级英语课文修辞总结讲课稿

高级英语课文修辞总 结

高级英语课文修辞总结（1-7课） 第一课Face to Face With Hurricane Camille Simile: 1. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. (comparing the passing of children to the passing of buckets of water in a fire brigade when fighting a fire) 2. The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. (comparing the sound of the wind to the roar of a passing train) Metaphor : 1. We can batten down and ride it out. (comparing the house in a hurricane to a ship fighting a storm at sea) 2. Wind and rain now whipped the house. (Strong wind and rain was lashing the house as if with a whip.) Personification : 1. A moment later, the hurricane, in one mighty swipe, lifted the entire roof off the house and skimmed it 40 feet through the air. (The hurricane acted as a very strong person lifting something heavy and throwing it through the air.)

高级英语第二册修辞汇总

Lesson1 1. Wind and rain now wiped the house. ----metaphor(暗喻) 2. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. ----simile (明喻) 3. The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. -----simile 4. …it seized a 600,00 gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it 3.5 miles a way. ----personification(拟人) 5. We can batten down and ride it out. -----metaphor 6. Everybody out the back door to the cars!—ellipsis (省略) 7. Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them. -----simile 8. Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point-----transferred epithet移就 9. Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees, and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads----metaphor; simile Lesson2

高级英语(1)修辞格汇总

一．词语修辞格 (1) simile 明喻 它根据人们的联想，利用不同事物之间的相似点，借助比喻词(如like，as等)起连接作用，清楚地说明甲事物在某方面像乙事物 I wandered lonely as a cloud. ( W. Wordsworth: The Daffodils ) 我像一朵浮云独自漫游。 They are as like as two peas. 他们两个长得一模一样。 His young daughter looks as red as a rose. 他的小女儿面庞红得象朵玫瑰花。 ①―Mama,‖ Wangero said sweet as a bird . ―C an I have these old quilts?‖ ②Hair is all over his head a foot long and hanging from his chin like a kinky mule tail. ③My skin is like an uncooked（未煮过的）barley pancake. ④The oratorial（雄辩的）storm that Clarence Darrow and Dudley Field Malone blew up in the little court in Dayton swept like a fresh wind though the schools… ⑤I see also the dull（迟钝的）, drilled（训练有素的）, docile（易驯服的）, brutish （粗野的）masses of the Hun soldiery plodding（沉重缓慢地走）on like a swarm（群）of crawling locusts（蝗虫）. （2）metaphor 暗喻 暗含的比喻。A是B或B就是A。 All the world’s a stage, and all the men and women merely players演员. ( William Shakespeare )整个世界是座舞台，男男女女，演员而已。 Education is not the filling of a pail桶, but the lighting of a fire. ( William B. Yeats ) 教育不是注满一桶水，而是点燃一把火。 ①It is a vast（巨大的）, sombre（忧郁的）cavern（洞穴）of a room,… ②Mark Twain --- Mirror of America ③main artery（干线）of transportation in the young nation's heart ④The Duchess of Croydon kept firm, tight rein on her racing mind. ⑤Her voice was a whiplash（鞭绳）. ⑥We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air,