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减词翻译法

减词翻译法
减词翻译法

减词是指将原文中需要、而译文中又不需要的词语省去。减省的词语应是那些在译文中保留下来反而使行文累赘噜嗦、且不合汉语语言表达习惯的词语。减词一般用于以下两种情况:一是从语法角度进行减省;二是从修饰角度进行减省。

一、从语法角度进行减省

英汉两种语言在语法上差异较大,例如:英语有冠词,而汉语却没有;英语重形合、连接词较多,汉语重意合、连接词较少;英语中介词丰富,多达280多个,汉语中介词则较少,只有30来个;英语中经常使用代词,尤其是经常使用人称代词、关系代词等,而汉语中代词则用得较少;因此,英译汉时可根据具体情况将冠词、连接词、介词、代词略去,使译文练达晓畅。例如:

(1) I know my friends from the feel of their faces.

我靠触摸脸庞来辨认朋友。

(2) Ice is a solid. If we heat it, it melts and becomes water.

冰是固体,如果加热,就融化成水。

(3) John got up very early in the morning. He put on his jacket, sat dow n at his desk and began to do his homework.

约翰早晨起床很早,他穿上夹克,就坐在桌旁开始做家庭作业。

(4) But at the present moment the whole road looked rather pretty, for the sun had just set in splendor, and the equalities of rent were drowned in a saffron afterglow.

但此时整条路看起来都挺美,金灿灿的太阳刚落下山,橙红色的余辉掩盖了房屋的种种差异。

(5) He had a shelf there, where he kept his Bohemian papers and his pipes and tobacco, and his shears and needles and thread and tailor’s thimble.

他放在那儿有一个架子,摆着他的波希米亚报纸、烟斗、烟叶,还有大剪刀、针、线,以及裁缝用的顶针。

(6) Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and generals and soldiers…

史书上最经常出现、最为显赫的人物,大多是些伟大的征服者、将军和军事家。

(7) The city has a dense manufacturing population.这个城市有稠密的工业人口。

(8)The products should be sampled to check their quality before they leave the factory.

产品出厂前应该进行抽样检查。

(9) The mother and the eldest daughter weeded the ridges, passing before the others…A younger son, of twelve years, brought sea sand in a donkey’s creels from a far corner of the field. They mixed the sand with the black clay. The fourth child, still almost an infant, staggered about near his mother, plucking weeds slowly and offering them to his mother as gifts.

母亲和大女儿在除垄上的草,把旁人甩在后面……二儿子十二岁,从老远的地头把海滩上的沙子装进鱼篮,赶着毛驴驮了回来。他们把黑土掺上了沙子。老四还是个小不点儿,在母亲身边遥遥晃晃转悠着,慢吞吞地拔起杂草,当礼物送给母亲。

(10) Come if you like.高兴来就来。

(11) As it is late, let us go to bed.不早啦,睡吧!

(12) I framed the words in my mind: "Pardon me, but have I done something to offend you?"

我心里在嘀咕:"对不起,我有什么举止行为冒犯你了吗?"

(13). Y ou hear it from the trackers, a more breathless chant, as they pull desperately against the current, half a dozen of them perhaps if they are, taking up a wupan, a couple of hundred if they are hauling a splendid junk, its square sail set, over a rapid.

纤夫拼命拉纤逆流而上时,你就会听见他们唱着较急促的号子。拉五板木船时,或许五六人就行,但当拉着鼓着横帆的大船过急滩时,那就得要二三百人。

(14). If you are a twinkler, you have the ability to walk into a room and bring the sunshine with you, making everyone else want to bask in it.

满怀喜悦的人能把阳光带进他所走进的房间,使别人愿意沐浴在这阳光中.

二、从修饰角度进行减省

有些词语在英语里是必不可少的,但在汉语中却并非如此,如直译成汉语则往往显得累赘噜嗦。为了使译文简洁晓畅、"文约而意丰",这样的词语必须省去或是精简。例如:

(1) I felt a trifle shy at the thought of presenting myself to a total stranger with the announcement that I was going to sleep under his roof, eat his food and drink his whisky, till another boat came in to take me to the port for which I was bound.

我要去见一个素不相识的陌生人,向他宣布我得住在他家、吃他的、喝他的,一直等到下一班船到来,把我带到我要去的港口为止──想到这儿,我真有点不好意思了。(这里,如把"sleep under his roof, eat his food and drink his whisky"直译为"睡在他的屋顶下、吃他的食物、喝他的威士忌",会使语言极为繁冗,不够精练。译文采用减省译法处理原文,既准确地传达了原意,又使行文简洁,气韵十足,一气呵成。)

(2) Her dark eyes made little reflected stars. She was looking at him as she was always looking at him when he awakened.

她那双乌黑的眼睛就像亮晶晶的星星在闪烁,他平素醒来的时候,她也是这样望着他。(此句中有两个"she was looking at him",如不作省略而译为"她像平常那样望着她一样望着他",汉语就显得噜嗦繁复,诘屈聱牙。)

(3) University applicants who had worked at a job would receive preference over those who had not.

报考大学的人,有工作经验的优先录取。

(4)There was no snow, the leaves were gone from the trees, the grass was dead.

天未下雪,但叶落草枯。

(5) There was not a sound in her---and around us nothing moved, nothing lived, not a canoe on the water, not a bird in the air, not a cloud in the sky.

船上悄然无声,四周一片静谧,死一般沉寂,水面不见轻舟飘动,天空不见小鸟浮云。(6) The problem of alternative fuels of vehicle is one problem we shall approach.

车辆的代用燃料是我们将要研究的一个问题。

(7) There are some things that I have happily seen of the wondrous way of the spider.

蜘蛛的奇异动态,我曾有幸目睹。

(译文省去"there are some things that"后,文字简约,表达生动,意思明确。)

(8) In actual fact, the United States is pursuing a policy of encouraging the aggressor…

实际上,美国在推行一种鼓励侵略者的政策……

(9) He was smooth and agreeable.

他待人处事,八面玲珑。

(10) Standing as it does on a high hill, the church commands a new view.

教堂建在高山上,向下眺望,风景优美。

(11) To learn is not an easy matter and to apply what one has learned is even harder.

学习不容易,使用更加不容易。

英汉两种语言由于表达方式不尽相同,翻译时常常有必要在译文的词量上作适当的增加,使译文既能忠实

地传达原文的内容和风格,又能符合译入语的表达习惯。但是增词必须是根据具体情况增加非增加不可的

词语。增词一般用于以下三种情况:一是为了语法上的需要;二是为了意义上的需要;三是为了修辞上的

需要。

一、为了语法上的需要

英语中没有量词,汉译时就得根据汉语的表达习惯增加合适的量词。例如:

(1) To the east and the south a faint pink is spreading.

东南方呈现一抹浅红,正在向远处扩展。

(2) The sun rose thinly from the sea.

一轮红日从海边淡淡升起。

(3) A stream was winding its ways through the valley into the river.

一弯溪水蜿蜒流过山谷,汇到江里去了。

(4) I was extremely worried about her, but this was neither the place nor the time for a lecture or an argument.

我真替他万分担忧,但此时此地既不宜教训她一番,也不宜与她争论一通。

(5) It was a nova!

这是一颗新星!

英语动词有时、体的变化、有语气,而汉语动词却没有对等的表现形式,翻译时常常须增加一些表示时体

和语气的词才行。例如:

(1) I had imagined it to be merely a gesture of affection, but it seems it is to smell the lamb and make sure that it is her own. 原来我以为这不过是一种亲热的表示,但是现在看来,这是为了闻一闻羊羔的味道,来断定是不是自己生的。

(2) I was, and remain, grateful for the part he played in my release. 我的获释是他成全的,对此我过去很感激,现在仍然很感激。

(3) The old man said, " They say his father was a fisherman. Maybe he was as poor as we are." 老人说:"听人说,从前他父亲是个打鱼的。他过去也许跟我们现在一样穷。"

(4) The old man had taught the boy to fish and the boy loved him.

原来老头儿已教会了孩子捕鱼,所以孩子很爱他。

(5) English prose is elaborate rather than simple. It was not always so.

现今英国散文华巧而欠简朴,过去却并非总是如此。

英语的可数名词有单复数之别,汉语则没有。翻译时常常有必要增词以便传达这一含义。例如:

(1) The lion is the king of animals.狮子是百兽之王。

(2) I saw bubbles rising from under the water.我看见一个个水泡从水下升起。

(3) The very earth trembled as with the tramps of horses and murmur of angry men.

连大地都震动了,仿佛万马奔腾,千夫怒吼。

(4) The mountains began to throw their long blue shadows over the valley.

群山已在山谷里开始投下蔚蓝色的长影。

(5) An individual human existence should be like a river-small at first, narrowly contained within its banks, and rushing passionately past boulders and over waterfalls.

一个人的一生可以比作一条河流:开始身躯很小,两岸之间非常狭窄,水流湍急,冲过砾石,飞下悬瀑。

英语中常用省略句,翻译时要根据汉语的表达习惯,作些适当的增补。例如:

(1) I judge I would saw out and leave that night if pap got drunk enough, and I reckoned he would. 我猜那天晚上爸要是醉得够厉害的,我就可以锯完那个洞钻出去,我算计着他是会醉得够呛的。(增补he would后省略的成分)

(2) She ate little. Food sickened her, and I think much of life too.

她吃得很少;她厌恶食物,我觉得她也厌恶生活。

(3) When I turned around, John was grinning, expectant, studying my face intently to see if he had pleased me. He had.

我转过身,只见约翰正咧着嘴笑,满脸期待的神情;他热切的目光想从我的脸上探明他是否博得了我的欢心。他确实博得了我的欢心。(增补he had后被省略的部分)

(4) Courage in excess becomes foolhardiness, affection weakness, thrift avarice.

勇敢过度,即成蛮勇;疼爱过度,即成溺爱;俭约过度,即成贪婪。(增补被省掉的in excess becomes)二、为了意义上的需要

英译汉有时有必要增加合适的动词、形容词或副词,使译文意思明确,例如:

(1) When I came to I was in the water, swimming automatically, though I was about two thirds drowned. 当我清醒过来时,发觉自己在水里,虽然浸得半死,却本能地浮着。(增补动词)(原文虽然没有"发觉",但译者根据上下文增补了它,使译文意思更加明确、表达通顺。)

(2) He doubtlessly expected hugs, tablefuls of food, tears, laughter, and conversation followed by more conversation, then hugs and more hugs all over again, without end.

毫无疑问,他以为会有热烈的拥抱,满桌的食物,激动的泪水,欢乐的笑声,一段接一段的谈话,一次又

一次的拥抱,没完没了。(译文中增加了三个相应的形容词,形象地描绘出他想象中的欢乐场景,使意思

更加明确,表达更加生动。)

(3) In the evening, after the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibitions, he would work on the drafting of the final communique.

晚上在参加宴会、出席音乐会、观看乒乓球表演之后,他还得起草最后公报。

(4) These soon told her,… how easy it was and how little it interfered with life’s affairs to go and see one’s grave.

这些人不久便告诉她…去看自己亲人的坟墓是多么容易,几乎一点儿也不妨碍日常生活。

(5) The sky is clear blue now the sun has flung diamonds down on meadow and bank and wood. 此时已是万里蓝天,太阳把颗颗光彩夺目的钻石洒向草原,洒向河岸,洒向树林。

有时为了意思明确还必须增加合适的名词或是重复同一名词,例如:

(1) These early cars were slow, clumsy, and inefficient.

这些早期的汽车速度缓慢,行动笨拙,效率不高。(译文中在形容词前分别加上了三个名词,既使译文意

思明确,又使它形成四字词组,匀称整齐。)

英语中有一些由动词或形容词派生来的抽象名词,翻译时也可根据上下文在其后增加适当的名词,使译文

意思明确、符合汉语的表达习惯。例如:

darkness 漆黑一团

madness 疯狂行为

complacency 自满情绪

backwardness 落后状态

(1) After all preparations were made, the planes were flown across the U.S. to San Francisco. 一切准备工作就绪以后,飞机就飞越美国去旧金山。

(2) Recourse to arms is not the best solution to a quarrel between countries.

国与国之间的争端诉诸武力,并不是最好的解决方法。

有时也有必要增加适当的连词,例如:

(3)Without a sense of your fault, how can repentance and amendment be expected?如果对自己的错误都不认识,怎么能悔恨和改正呢?(增补"如果"使得原含蓄条件句中的隐性含义明白无误。)

三、为了修辞上的需要

为了使译文优美自如、活泼生动或是得到强调,有时有必要重复某些词语或是增加适当的描述词、语气助词、重叠词、承上启下的词、概括词。例如:

(1) Poor little tender heart! And so it goes on hoping and beating, and longing and trusting. 可怜这温柔的小姑娘,一颗心抖簌簌的跳个不停,她左盼右盼,一直想念情人,对他深信不疑。(译文并

没有将"hoping and beating"简单地译为"盼望着、跳动着",而是增加了一些描述性的词语来描写少女思念情人的心情,使人如见其人、如听其声,产生了一种可触可摸的立体感觉。)

(2) Their host carved, poured, served, cut bread, talked, laughed, proposed healths.

他们的主人,(又是)割啊,(又是)倒啊,(又是)上菜啊,(又是)切面包啊,(又是)说啊,(又是)笑啊,(又是)敬酒啊,忙个不停。(增加语气助词和概括词语)

(3) Only very slight and very scattering ripples of half-hearted hand-clapping greeted him. 欢迎他的只有几下轻轻地、零零落落、冷冷淡淡的掌声。(叠词)

(4) And her thoughtfulness! If the night was anyway cold or wet or windy there was sure to be

a little tumbler of punch ready for him.

她多体贴啊!要是哪天夜里较阴冷、潮湿、或是刮风,她必定要斟好一杯混合甜饮料,等着他来畅饮。(原文And her thoughtfulness!是个感叹句,翻译时增加了副词"多"、语气助词"啊",准确地传达了原文的句式和语气。)

增词译法和减词译法

Chapter 1 增词译法和减词译法 1.1 增词译法(amplification/adding words) ?英汉两种语言,由于表达方式不尽相同,翻译时既可能将词类转换,有时候也可能将词量增减。 ?增词法就是在翻译时按意义上或修辞上或句法上的需要增加一些词来更忠实、通顺地表达原文思想内容。这当然不是无中生有地随意乱加,而是增加原文中虽无其词却有其义的一些词。 1.1.1 ? e.g. I’m really busy this morning: 2 classes, a meeting, and an intervie w. ? e.g. There were no speeches, no foreign diplomats, no ―ordinary Chinese‖ with paper flags and flowers. 1.1.2 ? e.g. With what enthusiasm the Beijingers are studying foreign languages! ? e.g. What a day/life! 1.1.3 ? e.g. How the little girl looked after her old mother! ? e.g. As he began talking, words poured out. 1.1.4 1.1.4.1 ? e.g. Be sure to wash before meal. ? e.g. Day after day she does the same: washing, sweeping, and cooking. 1.1.4.2 ? e.g. The radio is indeed cheap and fine. 1.1.4.3 1.1.4.4 e.g. In the summer of 1969, the government publicly urged an easing of tensions with China. 1.1.4.5 ? e.g. He felt the patriot rise within his breast. ? e.g. He allowed the father to be overruled by the judge, and declared his own son guilty. 1.1.5 1.1.5.1 ? e.g. Every summer, tourists go to the coastal cities. ? e.g. Rows of new houses have been set up. 1.1.5.2 ? e.g. The lion is the king of animals. ? e.g. The mountains were covered with snow. ? e.g. The crowd made a way for him. 1.1.6 ? e.g. I bought a new bike yesterday.

翻译方法之增译法、减译法、重复法

翻译方法之增译法、减译法、重复法 ?英汉两种语言,由于表达方式不尽相同,翻译时既可能要将词义进行转换,有可能要在词量上加以增减。 ?有的时候,为了明确、强调或生动,也需要将一些关键性的词加以重复。 ?什么叫增译法?我们可以这样确定它的定义:为了使译文忠实地表达原文的意思与风格,并使译文合乎表达习惯,必须按意义上(修辞上)和句法上增加一些词语,这就叫做增译法。?一、根据意义(修辞)上的需要 ?二、根据句法上的需要 一、根据意义(修辞)上的需要 ?(一)增加动词 ?(二)增加形容词 ?(三)增加副词 ?(四)增加名词 ?(五)增加表示名词复数的词 ?(六)增加表达时态的词 ?(七)增加语气助词 ?(八)增加量词 ?(九)增加根据上下文需要及反映背景情况的词 ?(十)增加概括词 ?(十一)增加承上启下的词 (一)增加动词 ?根据意义的需要,可以在名词前后增加动词。 ?如: In the evening, after the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibitions, he would work on …… Practice ?They talked for almost eight hours, through dinner and well into the night. ?My work, my family, my friends were more than enough to fill my time. (二)增加形容词 ?With what enthusiasm the Chinese people are building socialism! 中国人民正在以多么高涨的热情建设社会主义啊! ?O, Tom Canty, born in rags and dirt and misery, what sight is this! (Mark Twain) 出生在破烂、肮脏和苦难中,现在这番景象却是多么煊赫啊!

英语六级 翻译常用词

剪纸paper-cuts 除夕the eve of the lunar New Year 守岁stay up late on the New Year’s Eve 放爆竹let off firecrackers 拜年pay a New Year visit 团圆饭family reunion dinner 敬酒propose a toast 红包red packets (cash wrapped up in red paper) 舞狮lion dance 舞龙dragon dance 灯笼lantern 灯谜riddles written on lanterns 灯会exhibit of lanterns 表示主要的,重要的词primary, major, main, chief, important, essential, significant 表示充足的enough, sufficient, plenty, abundant 表示适当的appropriate 表示提升,改善,加强enhance, improve, strengthen 表示合法valid, legal, lawful, rightful 表示卓越不凡extraordinary, excellent, uncommon, remarkable, outstanding. 表示很有名气well-known, noticeable, famous 表示义务,有责任去做compulsory, required, obligatory 表示积极,主动positive, proactive 表示合理sound, rational, correct, sensible, logical,

英语四级翻译常用词汇及基本句型

英语四级段落翻译常用词汇:中国历史与文化 京剧Peking opera 秦腔Qin opera 功夫Kungfo 太极Tai Chi 口技ventriloquism 木偶戏puppet show 皮影戏shadowplay 折子戏opera highlights 杂技acrobatics 相声witty dialogue comedy 刺绣embroidery 苏绣Suzhou embroidery 泥人clay figure 书法calligraphy 中国画traditional Chinese painting 水墨画Chinese brush painting 中国结Chinese knot 中国古代四大发明the four great inventions of ancient China 火药gunpowder 印刷术printing 造纸术paper-making 指南针the compass 青铜器bronze ware 瓷器porcelain; china 唐三彩tri-color glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty 景泰蓝cloisonne 秋千swing 武术martial arts 儒家思想Confucianism 儒家文化Confucian culture 道教Taoism 墨家Mohism 法家Legalism 佛教Buddhism 孔子Confucius 孟子Mencius 老子Lao Tzu 庄子Chuang Tzu 墨子Mo Tzu 孙子Sun Tzu 象形文字pictographic characters 文房四宝(笔墨纸观)the Four Treasures of the Study (brush, ink stick, paper, and ink stone) 《大学》The Great Learning

翻译技巧 减词

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常用的翻译技巧

常用的翻译技巧 1. 重复法(repetition) 2. 增译法(amplification) 3. 减译法(omission) 4. 词类转移法(conversion) 5. 词序调整法(inversion) 6. 分译法(division) 7. 正说反译, 反说正译法(negation) 8. 语态变换法(the change of the voices) 1. 重复法 We have to analyze and solve problems. 我们要分析问题,解决问题。Le t’s revise our safety and sanitary regulations. 我们来修改安全规则和卫生规则吧。Gentlemen may cry, peace, peace --- but there is no peace. 先生们尽管可以高呼和平,和平!但是依然没有和平。He had it all written out neatly. 他把它写得清清楚楚。 1. 这种人闹什么东西呢闹名誉,闹地位,闹出风头。What are they after They are after name, after position, and they want to cut smart figure. 2. 大(家庭)有大(家庭)的难处。A large family has its difficulties. 3. 天苍苍, 野茫茫, 风吹草低见牛羊。The sky is blue, blue; And the steppe wide, wide; Over grass that the wind has battered low; Sheep and oxen roam. 4. 寻寻觅觅, 冷冷清请, 凄凄惨惨戚戚; 乍暖还寒时侯, 最难将息。(译文1)Seek, seek; search, search; Cold, cold; bare, bare; Grief, grief; cruel, cruel grief. Now warm, then like the autumn cold again, How hard to calm the heart! (译文2)I seek but seek in vain, I search and search again; I feel so sad, so drear, So lonely, without cheer. (许渊冲译) 2. 增译法 增词义增加虚词为多,也可酌量增加实词。英译汉时经常增加的词有结构词、数量词、概念词、语气词等。从增补的功能来看,可以分为结构增补、意义增补和修辞增补。 I am looking forward to the holidays. 我们等待假日的到来。Much of our morality is customary. 我们大部分的道德观念都有习惯性。Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. 读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,笔记使人精确。Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. 读史使人明智,读诗使人灵秀,数学使人周密,科学使人深刻,伦理使人庄重,逻辑修辞之学使人善辩。 1. 没有调查研究就没有发言权。He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak. (No investigation, no right to speak.) 2. 子曰: “学而不思则罔, 思而不学则殆。” Confucius said: “He who learns without thinking is lost. He who thinks without learning remains puzzled.” 3. 虚心使人进步, 骄傲使人落后。Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind. 4. 交出翻译之前, 必须读几遍, 看看有没有要修改的地方. 这样你才能把工作做好。Before handing in your translation, you have to read it over and over again and see if there is anything in it to be corrected or improved. Only thus can you do your work well. 5. 只许州官放火, 不许百姓点灯。The magistrate are free to burn down houses, while the common people are forbidden even to light lamps. (One man may steal a horse, while another may not look over the hedge.)

翻译技减词

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8, 翻译常用八种方法(考试复习)

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3.减译法deletion 和其他一切事物一样,翻译也是有增必有减。懂了增译法之后自然也就会懂得什么是减译法。它是增译法的反面:以同一个译例来说,在英译汉中如果用增译法的话,在汉译英中自然就要用减译法了。把第二节中的31个例子倒译的话(即把汉译英改为英译汉或把英译汉变为汉译英),所用的译法就不是增译法而是减译法了。 关于减译法,应该记住这样一条总原则:减译法是指原文中有些词在译文中不译出来,因为译文中虽无其词而已有其意,或者在译文中是不言而喻的;换言之,减译法是删去一些可有可无的,或者有了反嫌累赘或违背译文习惯表达法的词,但减译并不是把原文的某些思想内容删去。 此外,冠词、连词、代词(尤其是人称代词、关系代词)、关系副词,等等,在英语中经常使用,但译成汉语时几乎很少出现,要使译文忠实而地道,减译法就自然必不可少了。例如: A book is useful. 书(是)有用(的)。 4.词类转移法conversion 在翻译时,由于两种语言在语法和习惯表达

简析英汉翻译中的增减词翻译方法

龙源期刊网 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/131156025.html, 简析英汉翻译中的增减词翻译方法 作者:马祎凡 来源:《当代旅游(下旬)》2017年第10期 摘要:由于英漢两种语言在表达方式、表达习惯上存在很多差异,在翻译过程中我们需要对原文进行适当的增减以求达到“信、达、雅”的标准。在忠实于原文的基础上使译文更加通顺流畅,符合目的语的表达习惯。 关键词:英汉翻译;增词法;减词法 在翻译学习过程中,经常会看到一些译者会在翻译时增加或删减一些词。这样的改动不但不是错的,还有利于译文达到“信、达、雅”的标准。这是因为英汉两种语言并不是一一对应的这样的,所以我们在翻译过程中需要灵活处理。本篇文章通过总结翻译学习经验,总结出翻译过程中的“增减词”用法。以帮助我们的译文更加流畅而富有文采[1]。 一、增减评论性的词 例: He wished that he had asked her to dance, and that he knew her name. 试译:他希望他当时请她跳了舞,那他就能知道她的名字。 改译:他多么希望自己当时请她跳了舞,现在还知道了她的芳名,那该有多好啊! 分析:这个句子选自于《德伯家的苔丝》,其中讲到了三个兄弟中的二哥第一次看见苔丝时,并没有上前和她跳舞,后来走到山上的时候回头看见苔丝在跳舞,心生爱慕,才说了这样一句话。“那该有多好啊”一句是增加出来的,其目的是为了表达出当时那种很后悔的心情。但是这样的增词一般都出现在文学作品中,对于我们翻译学习者来说,这都是些大师的作品,只能处于鉴赏的阶段,我们一般很少使用[2]。 二、增减对象词 例如:1998年是联合国确定的国际海洋年,中国政府愿借此机会介绍中国海洋事业的发展。 试译:1998 was the International Ocean Year settled by the UN, Chinese Government will take this opportunity to introduce the development of China's marine affairs. 改译:1998 was designated as the International Ocean Year by the United Nations, and the Chinese Government would like to take this opportunity to make an introduction of the development of China's marine affairs to this world.

(全英文论文)从冗余理论浅谈翻译技巧之增译法与减译法

本科生毕业设计(论文)封面 ( 2015 届) 论文(设计)题目 作者 学院、专业 班级 指导教师(职称) 论文字数 论文完成时间 大学教务处制

英语原创毕业论文参考选题(200个) 一、论文说明 本写作团队致力于英语毕业论文写作与辅导服务,精通前沿理论研究、仿真编程、数据图表制作,专业本科论文3000起,具体可以联系qq 805990749。下列所写题目均可写作。部分题目已经写好原创。 二、原创论文参考题目 1 道林.格雷的画像中美的主题 2 初中英语课堂问题行为及对策 3 从美国梦的实现分析电影当幸福来敲门的积极意义 4 论创造性背叛在翻译红楼梦章回目录中的运用 5 互联网在大学英语第二课堂中应用的效果 6 哈利?波特主角背后的原型 7 新时期英汉语言接触对英语词汇系统的影响 8 外资银行在华发展现状与影响及国有商业银行的对策 9 美国总统就职演说的语言特点分析 10 中英语言中动物词汇的文化含义对比 11 全球化背景下的中国英语研究 12 如何教初中英语口语 13 XX中学高一年级学生英语听力问题调查分析 14 浅论英美影视字幕翻译方法 15 英语灾难新闻标题的语法和词汇特点分析 16 论英汉成语翻译 17 英语专业大学生利用英语学习网的自主学习性研究 18 浅谈汉语网络新词的翻译策略 19 探索生命的意义—解析老人与海的主题 20 生活大爆炸字母翻译中的文化迁移现象 21 喜福会中的母女沖突 22 从关联理论视角看历年奥运会主题口号的汉译 23 中学生英语听力理解策略研究

24 英语习语变体的修辞效果及其翻译 25 非英语专业学生英语学习动机调查研究 26 从飘探讨女性主义与社会的关系 27 接骨师之女中宝姨的人物形象解析 28 中西方文化差异 29 从语境理论角度分析奥巴马就职演说词语篇 30 英语多义词的翻译 31 通过对比看岭南文化的特征 32 论礼貌原则在英语报盘信函与还盘信函中的应用 33 中国女大学生奢侈品消费动机探析 34 中国公益广告的含蓄美--环保公益广告为例 35 英语广告中的修辞与幽默 36 论英语谚语翻译 37 论母语负迁移对二语词汇习得的影响 38 XX中学高二年级英语写作中常犯的词汇错误分析 39 劳伦斯和他的作品儿子与情人恋母情结 40 浅谈汉语中的英语外来词 41 分析匹普的性格发展 42 浅谈美国俚语的特征 43 英语委婉语在日常生活中的语用功能分析 44 中美媒体对光伏双反案的批判性话语分析 45 从礼貌原则分析发盘的语言技巧 46 鲁宾逊性格变化过程简要分析 47 生态翻译视角下英文电影字幕的汉译研究--了不起的盖茨比为例 48 析霍桑红字中的女权主义思想 49 批评性话语分析视角下的英语政治委婉语 50 沃尔特.惠特曼及其诗歌研究 51 小说爱玛中爱玛的心理成长 52 解析愤怒的葡萄中人性的力量 53 中西社交礼仪的比较与融合

汉语中没法用英语翻译的词

请大家看看这一句怎么译成英语:“他铅笔盒里有五支笔。”别小看这么一句简单的话,实在没有办法翻译,因为英语里没有相当于汉语“笔”的词。英语里倒是可以找到各种具体的“笔”的名称: 铅笔pencil 钢笔pen / fountain pan 圆珠笔ball-point pen 毛笔writing brush 画笔painting brush 鸭嘴笔drawing pen / ruling pen 蜡笔(wax) crayon 粉笔chalk 只有弄清楚那五支具体是什么笔,才能翻译出来,如:He’s got two pencils, two ball-point pens and one pen in his pencil-box. 人们在认识事物的过程中,往往把性质或用途一样或类似的东西归为一类,表示某一类事物的总名称被叫做“上义词”(superordinate),一个“上义词”的概念包含许多“下义词”(hyponym)。汉语中的“笔”就是前几行所列各种笔的“上义词”。有些分类是各种语言基本一样的,如世界上的东西分成生物(living things)和无生命物(non-living things),或者有机物(organic matters)和无机物(inorganic matters),而生物里有植物(plants)和动物(animals),但有些分类是某种语言特有的。“笔”在英语里就构不成一类。再比如汉语中的“车”(包括各种汽车、自行车、人力车、手推车、童车等)、“牛”(包括水牛、黄牛、牦牛、奶牛等)、“果品”(包括鲜果、干果、蜜饯等)、“皮”(包括各种兽皮、树皮、果皮等)之类的词在英语里都没有对应的说法,因为它们在说英语的人心目中并不构成一个“类”,所以翻译时必须弄清具体东西用不同的下义词代替,有时也可用上义词取代。 就连She is my sister. 这样的句子,如果不了解说话人指的是“姐姐”还是“妹妹”,也无法译。这里也有文化上的原因,因为西方强调家庭成员的平等,兄弟姐妹的地位是平等的。因此,西方人在介绍自己的兄弟姐妹时一般说He/She is my brother/sister. 并不分长幼。而英语里sibling这个词在汉语里没有对应的词。有些分类和名称和汉语不一样,如half brother/sister可以指同父异母也可以指同母异父的兄弟姐妹。至于cousin可以指“堂/表兄/弟/姐/妹”;而长一辈中男/女的亲戚除了父/母亲之外都是uncle/aunt.。这些都会造成翻译的困难。 难办的是,有时候分类是交叉的。例如,英语的table和desk在汉语里都是“桌子”,但这并不等于“桌子”所含的概念(semantic range)一定比table大,例如coffee table和end table 都是table,但在汉语中却是“茶几”,当然不能归在“桌子”一类里。汉语里的“绿”、“蓝”、“青”是三个颜色,相对而言,英语里只有green和blue两个词,所以“青”字到底应该译为green还是blue要看情况而定(如“青天”是blue sky,“青菜”却是green vegetables,而the Blue Nile习惯上译为“青尼罗河”。)。 不光是名词有这样的情况,从某种意义上说,动词分类粗细也有不同,如汉语中的“切”、“割”、“截”、“剁”、“斩”、“砍”、“劈”、“剖”、“剪”、“裁”、“刻”等都可以用一个cut翻译(要区分动作可以加上介词短语表示工具,如“剪”是cut with scissors,或加上补语表示

翻译中的增词和减词

有人误以为,所谓合乎翻译标准,就是在把一种语言转换为另一种语言时,做到“不增不减”。翻译实践告诉我们,由于两种语言表达方式上存在差异,翻译时往往都是“既增又减”。这种根据各自语言特点,在具体上下文中适当地“增、减”,就是我们所要讨论的翻译技巧。 词量增减,是指根据原文上下文的意思、逻辑关系以及译文语言句法特点和表达习惯,在翻译时增加原文字面没有出现但实际内容已包含的词,或者减去原文虽有但译文语言表达用不着的词。必须指出的是,词量增减必须防止两个倾向:一是添枝加叶,任意发挥;二是避难就易,肆意裁割。 1、增词 增词,从理论上说可以增加任何词,但在什么时候增加什么样的词,才能恰到好处,而不超出一定界限,则需要悉心体会。下面试分析几个译例: 1)A book, tight shut, is but a block of paper. 译文一:一本书,紧紧合上,只是一叠纸。 译文二:一本书,如果紧紧合上不读,只是一叠纸。 译文三:一本书,如果紧紧合上不读,只是一叠废纸。 译文四:闲置之书只是一叠废纸。 上面同一个句子四个译文,可以体现翻译不同层次。译文一,与原文似乎丝丝入扣,但却显得支离破碎、关系不清、语意不足;译文二,增加了“如果……不读”,意思明白无误,只是觉得言犹未尽;译文三,又增加了一个废字,这可是点睛之举。能否译出这个废字,是翻译这个句子的关键。一个废字,说话者语意才得以充分表达。译文三不足之处,就是行文拖沓累赘;而译文四则简明扼要,笔酣墨浓了。 2)Success is often just an idea away. 译文一:成功往往只是一个念头的距离。 译文二:成功往往只是一念之差。 译文三:成功与否往往只是一念之差。 译文一让人看后莫名其妙;译文二改变说法,但仍让人似懂非懂,而译文三只是简简单单增加了一个“与否”,但却使人豁然开朗!原句意思表达得淋漓尽致。 如同文学翻译一样,经贸文字翻译增词现象也是千变万化。下面实例可供学习者体会增词原理和技巧。 1)All cash bonus shall be subject to income tax.所有现金红利,均须缴纳所得税。(根据汉语行文习惯,增加动词。)

翻译技巧:加词法和减词法

翻译技巧(二):加词法和减词法 加(增)词法 英汉两种语言,由于表达方法不尽相同,有些词在英语中可以省略而不会影响全句意思的完整表达,但译成汉语后就可能出现意思不够明确的语言现象;还有些词虽然在原文中意义明确而完整,但译成汉语后文字却不甚通顺流畅。在这种情况下,就需要使用增词译法。增词法就是在翻译时按照意义、修辞或句法上的需要,在原文的基础上添加必要的单词、词组、分句或完整句,从而使得译文在语法、语言形式上符合译文习惯和在文化背景、词语联想方面与原文一致,使得译文与原文在内容、形式和精神等三方面都对等起来,更忠实通顺地表达原文的思想内容。 S y n t a c t i c a l A m p l i f i c a t i o n(从句法结构上考虑的增词) This kind of amplification includes: amplification by supplying such kinds of words as verbs, nouns, adjectives, adverbs, numerals, category words, generalization words, and the plural forms of nouns. (1) 增加量词(classifier) 英语中数词与可数名词往往可以直接连用,不用加量词。而汉语往往要加量词。 It was a nova! 这是一颗新星! The sun rose thinly from the sea. 一轮红日从海边淡淡升起。 A stream was winding its ways through the valley into the river. 一弯溪水蜿蜒流过山谷,汇到江里去了。 (2) 增加表达复数的词(convey the concept of plurality)

翻译常用的八种技巧

翻译常用的八种技巧 一、常用的翻译技巧 1. 重复法(repetition) 2. 增译法(amplification) 3. 减译法(omission) 4. 词类转移法(conversion) 5. 词序调整法(inversion) 6. 分译法(division) 7. 正说反译, 反说正译法(negation) 8. 语态变换法(the change of the voices) 1. 重复法 汉语重复,英译时也重复; 根据两种语言各自的习惯用法,以不同的表达方式进行重复,这种重复通常是为了传达原文的生动性. We have to analyze and solve problems. 我们要分析问题,解决问题。 Let’s revise our safety and sanitary regulations. 我们来修改安全规则和卫生规则吧。 Gentlemen may cry, peace, peace --- but there is no peace. 先生们尽管可以高呼和平,和平!但是依然没有和平。 Nels had it all written out neatly. 纳尔斯把它写得清清楚楚。 青青河边草, 郁郁园中柳。 Green grows the grass upon the bank, The willow shoots are long and lank. 2. 增译法 为了使译文忠实地表达原文的意思与风格并使译文合乎表达习惯,必须增加一些词语,这就叫增译法. 增词义增加虚词为多,也可酌量增加实词。 英译汉时经常增加的词有结构词、数量词、概念词、语气词等。 从增补的功能来看,可以分为结构增补、意义增补和修辞增补。 I am looking forward to the holidays. 我们等待假日的到来。 Much of our morality is customary. 我们大部分的道德观念都有习惯性。 Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. 读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,笔记使人精确。

翻译专用词

全国人民代表大会National People's Congress (NPC) 主席团Presidium 常务委员会Standing Committee 办公厅General Office 秘书处Secretariat 代表资格审查委员会Credentials Committee 提案审查委员会Motions Examination Committee 民族委员会Ethnic Affairs Committee 法律委员会Law Committee 财政经济委员会Finance and Economy Committee 外事委员会Foreign Affairs Committee 教育、科学、文化和卫生委员会Education, Science, Culture and Public Health Committee 内务司法委员会Committee for Internal and Judicial Affairs 华侨委员会Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee 法制工作委员会Commission of Legislative Affairs 特定问题调查委员会Commission of Inquiry into Specific Questions 宪法修改委员会Committee for Revision of the Constitution 2、中华人民共和国主席President of the People's Republic of China 3、中央军事委员会Central Military Commission 4、最高人民法院Supreme People's Court 5、最高人民检察院Supreme People's Procuratorate 6、国务院State Council (1)国务院部委Ministries and Commissions Directly under the State Council 外交部Ministry of Foreign Affairs 国防部Ministry of National Defence 国家发展和改革委员会National Development and Reform Commission 国家经济贸易委员会State Economic and Trade Commission

增词译法

第三章词法翻译 四、增词译法(Amplification) 英汉两种语言,由于表达方式不尽相同,翻译时有可能要在词量上加以增减。增词法就是在翻译时按照意义上(或修辞上)和句法上的需要增加一些词来更忠实通顺的表达原文的思想内容。 不是无中生有的随意增词,而是增加原文中虽无其词但有其意的词。 一、根据句法上的需要增词 (一)增补原文答句中的省略部分 1. Is this your book? Yes, it is. 这是你的书吗?是我的。 (Yes, it is. = Yes, it is mine.) 2. Do you love him? Yes, of course I do. 你爱他吗?我当然爱他。 (Yes, of course I do. = Yes, of course I love him.) (二)增补原文句子中所省略的动词 1. He remembered the incident, as had his wife. 他记得这件事,他的妻子早就记起来了。 2. I believed it too. But I don’t now. 过去我也是相信的。可是现在,我不相信了。 3. We don’t retreat, we never have and never will. 我们不后退,我们从来没有后退过,将来也决不后退。 4. I fell madly in love with her, and she with me. 我狂热地爱上了她,她也狂热地爱上了我。 5. Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; writing an exact man. 读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,写作使人准确。 6. An eagle and a fox had long lived together as good neighbors; the eagle at the summit of a high tree, the fox in a hole at the foot of it. 一只鹰和一只狐狸长期友好的住在一起,鹰住在一棵高高的树顶上,狐狸住在树下一个洞里。 7. Many people can bear adversity, but few contempt. 很多人能够忍受逆境,但很少人能忍受被人轻视。 (三)增补原文比较句中的省略部分 1. The footmen were as ready to serve her as they were their own mistress. 仆人们愿意服侍她,就像他们愿意服侍他们的女主人一样。 2. Better be wise by the defeat of others than by your own. 从别人的失败中吸取教训比从自己的失败中吸取教训更好。 3. The Chinese way of co-operations is more inventive than others. 中国的合作方式比别国的合作方式更有特色。

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