2020年整理美国文学选读复习提纲.pdf
Proses:
Nathan Hawthorne: The Scarlet Letter-Chapter 2
Hawthorne: sin
-Why are women especially the elder ones so harsh and intolerant to Hester?
1. Startled or astonished by the beauty, elegant and dignity of Hester.
2. The patriarchal society let women have eternalized patriarchal ideas, unfavorable for women adulterers.
-How does the author portray Hester Prynne?
1. Core impressive image: the artistically and fantastically made letter A.
2. Appearance
-What does the scarlet letter with gold thread and elaborate embroidery() suggests?
1. C lue of Hester’s attitude: she makes a mockery of her punishment by making this plain symbol of adultery into a
gorgeous decoration.
2. To negate the awful meaning of the letter.
3. as punishment, A human nature ,lush, devilish Hester wants to change
her human reality, to make it prettier than it really is.
-W hat does “A” stand for?
Adultery/Angel (appearing in the sky when governor dies)/Able (Hester gains influence)
-What kind of person is Chillingworth?
1. Devil or devil’s emissary or Satan: cold intellect and old age, without hominine feelings from heart and soul.
2. In Hester’s recalling, he is “…pale.”
Hester Chillingworth
Young, beautiful, perfect in figure Old(in his decaying age), ugly, deformed, cold and
indifferent
Herman Melville: Moby Dick-Chapter 41
Character Captain Ahab
Image of American: an idealist and an egonist.
Willa Cather: Miss Jewett
Sarah Orne Jewett’s poetic principles
Jewett both as a writer and a person
Cather’s poetic principles
As a writer, Jewett has her own writing style.
She focuses on the places where she lives and loves, and makes them subject-matters of her stories. (Wherever she might be, She carried the Maine shore-country with her. She loved it by instinct, and in the light of wide experience, from near and from afar. Every day, in every season of the year, she enjoyed the beautiful country in which she had the good fortune to be born. Her love of the Maine country was the supreme happiness of her life. Her stories were but reflections, quite incidental, of that peculiar and intensely personal pleasure. Take ,for instance, that dear, daybreak paragraph which begins “By the Morning Boat”:
“On the coast of Maine…”P127 paragraph 3)
She writes with delightful humor that comes from her delicate and tactful handling of her native language.(Her personal opinions she voiced lightly, half-humorously; any expression was spontaneous, the outgrowth of the immediate conversation.)
And, the distinctive thing about Miss Jewett is that she has her own individual voice.(her comment on the story of a mule)
Sherwood Anderson: The Triumph of the Egg
F. Scott Fitzgerald: The Great Gatsby
Ernest Hemingway: A Clean, Well-Lighted Place
Exist entialism and the “Lost Generation”: Although Hemingway was writing years before existentialism became a prominent culture idea, his questioning of life and his experiences as a searching member of the lost generation gave his work existentialist overtones.
Nothingness: (nada) an existential angst about his place in the universe and an uncertainty about the meaning of life. The struggle to deal with despair: the older waiter cannot actually stave off despair: ineffective methods including: money (bar)/mocking prayers (religion)
The Older Waiter Lonely, recognizes himself in the old man and sees his own future.
The Younger Waiter: na?ve and insensitive, immature, demonstrates a dismissive attitude toward human life in general.
Cleanliness and good lighting Order and clarity
Nothingness Chaotic, confusing and dark
Style: minimalist/”icebe rg principle”
Deceptive pacing: Conveys only the most essential information in the scene. Saul Bellow: Looking for Mr. Green
Character analysis: Raynor and Field
Poets:
19th Century:
Walt Whitman: One’s Self I Sing
Emily Dickinson: I’m Nobody!/ Success Is Counted Sweetest
20th Century:
Wallace Stevens: Anecdote of the Jar
William Carlos Williams: The Red Wheelbarrow
William Carlos Williams: Spring and All
Robert Frost: The Road Not Taken
===
Robert Lowell: Skunk Hour
Allen Ginsberg: A Supermarket in California
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1、The Colonial Period（1607-1765） American Puritanism ( in the early 17th century through the end of the 18th) 北美第一位女诗人Anne Bradstreet(宗教气息，夫妻恩爱) Edward Taylor 都受英国玄学派影响（metaphysical） 2、The Enlightenment and Revolution Period Benjamin Franklin:Poor Richard's Almanac The Autobiography---“美国梦”的根源 3、American Romanticism（end of 18th to the civil war） American writers emphasis upon the imaginative and emotional qualities of literature. 早期浪漫主义Washington Irving father of American Literature
美国文学选读名词解释
1.Puritanism: Puritanism is the practices and beliefs of the Puritans. 1.simply speaking , American Puritanism just refers to the spirit and ideal of puritans,who settled in the North American continent in the early part of the seventeenth century because of religious persecutions. 2.In content it means scrupulous ,moral rigor ,especially hostility to social pleasure and religion . 3.with time passing it became a dominant factor in American life , one of the most enduring shaping influences in American thought and literature.to some extent it is a state of mind,a part of the national cultural atmosphere that the American breathes ,rather than a set of tenets. 4.Actually it is a code of values,a philosophy of life and a point of view in American minds,also a two-faceted tradition of religious idealism and level -headed in common sense . 2.The American Romanticism(浪漫主义):a literary movement flourished as a cultural force the early period and the late period. associated with imagination and boundlessness, as an historical movement it arose in the 18th and 19th centuries.(Walt Whitman, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Herman Melville, Edgar Allan Poe.) II.Features of American romanticism (1) It was the expression of “a real new experience(全新体验)”. (2) American Puritanism was a cultural heritage. Many American romantic writings intended to edify(启发) more than they entertained. (3) American Romanticism is full of “newness(新奇)” . Ideals：Individualism; political equality Dream：America: a new Garden of Eden (4)American romanticism was both imitative and independent. 3.Transcendentalism 超验主义 The major features of Transcendentalism: ① The Transcendentalists placed emphasis on spirit, or the Oversoul, as the most important thing in the universe. 思想超灵宇宙 ② The Transcendentalists stressed the importance of the individual. To them, the individual is the most important element of Society. ③ The Transcendentalists offered a fresh perception of nature as symbolic of the Spirit or God. Nature was not purely matter. It was alive, filled with God’s ove rwhelming presence. 自然+上帝 Ralph Waldo Emerson. American Transcendentalism:As a philosophical and literary
十天干类象详解汇总
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陶洁版美国文学选读_第三版_课后习题答案解析
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美国文学选读-第三版-课后习题答案-陶洁
美国文学选读-第三版-课后习题答案-陶洁
美国文学选读第三版课后习题答案陶洁(部分) Unit 1 Benjamin Franklin Questions 1.Why did Franklin write his Autobiography? Franklin says that because his son may wish to know about his life, he is taking his one week vacation in the English countryside to record his past. He also says that he has enjoyed his life and would like to repeat it 2.What made Franklin decide to leave the brother to whom he had been apprenticed? His brother was passionate, and had often beaten him. The aversion to arbitrary power that has stuck to him through his whole life .After a brush with the law, Franklin left his brother. 3.How did he arrive in Philadephia? First he set out in a boat for Amboy, the boat dropped him off about 50 miles from Burlington, the next day he reached Burlington on foot, in Burlington he found a boat which was going towards Philadelphia, he arrived there about eight or nine o’clock, on the Sunday morning and landed at the Market Street wharf. 4.What features do you find in the style of the above selection? It is the pattern of Puritan simplicity, directness, and concision(言简意赅). The narrative is lucid(易懂的), the structure is simple, the imagery is homely(朴素的). Unit 2 Edgar Allen Poe Questions 1.Who is the narrator? What wrong does he want to redress? Montresor. Fortunato,one of wine experts insulted him, so he wanted to murder him. 2.What is the pretext he uses to lure Fortunato to his wine cellar? He baits Fortunato by telling him he has obtained what he believes to be a cask of Amontillado a rare and valuable sherry wine. Fortunato is anxious to determine whether or not it is truly Amontillado, so he goes to the vault with Montresor. 3.What happens to Fortunato in the end? He was walled up alive behind bricks in a wine cellar. 4.Describe briefly how Poe characterizes Montresor and Fortunato as contrasts? Poe uses color imagery to characterize them. Montresor face is covered in a black silk mask, In contrast, Fortunato dresses the motley-colored costume of the court fool, who gets literally and tragically fooled by Montresor's masked motives. The color schemes here represent the irony of Fortunato's death sentence. Through the acts, words, and thoughts of Fortunato,we know He is greedy, he was lured into the dark and somber vaults just because a cask of Amontillado. This is also due to his bad habit of bibulosity(酗酒）. He lost himself on hearing the wine. At the same time, he was cheated by his enemy, which reflected his ignorance. When he heard the pretended compliment from Montresor, he became very boastful and
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