八年级英语下册第六单元知识点整理

八年级英语下册第六单元知识点整理

一.重要词汇和句型.

1. how long (时间持续)多长(某物) 多长

---How long did you sleep last night ? --- For 8 hours .

how soon (从现在起还要)多久

--- How soon will he be back ? --- In a week .

how often (某个动作)隔多久一次

---How often do you go to the cinema ? ---- Once a month .

how far (某地) 多远

--- How far is the store from here ? --- About 500 meters .

how much 多少钱

----How much is the shirt ? --- 150 Yuan .

2. collect 动词, “收集, 搜集”

He often collects empty glasses and waste paper .

My brother likes collecting foreign coins .

collector 名词, “收集者, 收藏者”He is a famous stamp collector . collection 名词, “收藏品”He has a lot of sports collection .

3. raise (1) 动词, “筹款, 筹募, 筹集”

They are raising money for the students in mountains .

How much did you raise for school ? 你筹集了多少钱办学校?

( 2) 动词, “举起, 抬起, 提高”

Raise your hand if you want to ask a question .

They must find a way to raise the temperature in the room .

(3) 动词, “种植, 饲养, 养育”

Do you know how the Chinese raise silkworm (蚕) ?

raise 的主语是人, 表示“人为地使某物上升” ;

而rise 的主语是物, 表示“自然地或非主观因素地提升”

Joe raised his bow(弓) and began to take aim at (瞄准) the bird .

The sun rises in the east .

raise 是及物动词, rise是不及物动词

Prices have been raised a lot . 物价涨了很多.

The price of the TV sets has risen recently . 最近电视机涨价了.

4. thanks for sth. === thank you for sth 谢谢某人的某物

thanks for doing sth === thank you for doing sth 谢谢某人做某事

Thanks for your presents . === Thank you for your presents .

Thanks for helping me .=== Thank you for helping me .

5. run out of (1 ) 用完, 耗尽

We are running out of our money . 我们的钱快用光了.

We have run out of the paper . Can you go and get some for us ?

(2 ) 从……跑出来look ! He is running out of the room .

6. room (1) 不可数名词, “空间, 空地, 位置”

make room for 给……腾地方

There is no standing room in the bus . 公共汽车上连站的地方都没有了.

7. with (1) 和某人一起I live in Beijing with my parents .

He often plays football with his friends after class .

(2) 用……We see with eyes and hear with ears .

They climb trees with ladders (爬树) .

(3 ) “带有, 具有”表示伴随的特征He is a man with only one eye .

China is a country with a long history .

8. a pair of 一对, 一双, 一副

通常修饰由两部分合在一起的物品复数体现在pair 后面

a pair of shoes \ gloves \ socks \ glasses \ pants \ scissors (剪刀)

There is a pair of shoes under the chair .

My sister bought two pairs of socks yesterday .

pair是单数时, 谓语动词用单数形式, pair是复数时, 谓语动词用复数形式.

A pair of gloves is welcome present (礼物) .

Many pairs of shoes are in the box .

pair 词组加定语时, 要放在pair的前面.

He bought a new pair of shoes last week .

9. one 代词, 用来代替上文所指的单数的人或物. 如果代替复数名词, 则用ones .

I don’t like the watch . Please show me another one .

These shoes are too expensive . What about those ones ?

10. by the way 顺便问一下, 顺便说一下

By the way , where is the nearest hospital ?

By the way , I have something to tell you .

其它短语: all the way 一路上, 一直on one’s way to 在某人去……的路上on the way 在路上, 在途中by way of …以……的方法\ 方式show sb. the way 给某人指路this way, please .请走这边.

11. be interested in sth.=== show interest in sth 对……感兴趣

I am interested in English .

The boy showed great interest in science when he was ten .

be interested in doing sth . 对做某事感兴趣

He is interested in playing football .

12. think of (1) 想起, 记得

I can’t think of his name at the moment (现在) .

I thought of my hometown when I saw the beautiful scenery .

(2 ) 认为What do you think of …… ?

=== How do you like ……? 你认为……怎么样?

(3) 考虑, 关心He always thinks of others .

13. the capital of ………的省会\ 首都

Beijing is the capital of China .

The capital of Jiangxi province is Nanchang .

14. although \ though 连词, “虽然”引导让步状语从句

Although \ Though my uncle is old , he looks very strong and healthy .

He went to work although \ though he was ill .

although \ though “虽然”和but ( 但是) 不能同时用于一个句子中.

Although \Though I agree with you , I have a better idea .

=== I agree with you , but I have a better idea .

because ( 因为) 和so ( 所以) 也不能同时用于一个句子中.

Because he was ill , he didn’t come to school .

== He was ill , so he didn’t come to school .

15. more than == over 超过, 多余

He drew more than \ over 500 pictures in his whole life .

16. hundred ( 百), thousand ( 千) , million( 百万) , billion ( 十亿)

前面有具体数字时, 这四个词用原形. 前面没有具体数字时, 分别构成复数短语hundred of, thousands of, millions of , billions of

They prepared thousands of chairs for the fans .

The book has 300 thousand words .

17. the + 比较级, the + 比较级“越…… , 越…… .”

The more you read , the more you will get .

The more time you spend , the better you’ll learn English .

The harder he works , the richer he is .

The faster he runs , the more excited the funs get .

比较级+ and + 比较级“越来越……”

It’s getting warmer and warmer .

Computers sell cheaper and cheaper .

18. certain 形容词, “确实的, 无疑的”

Nothing is certain at the moment . Wait and see .

be certain of We’re certain of success .

be certain + 从句I’m not certain where she lives .

be certain to do sth . Your parents will be certain to agree .

be sure 与be certain 在多数情况下可以互换, 但下列两种情况不能互换.

(1) it作形式主语, 将真正作主语的从句后置时, 一般用be certain , It’s certain that …

It’s certain that he will succeed (成功)

(2) 在祈使句中, 一般用be sure

Be sure to write to me as soon as you get there .

19. far away 在远处He has to work in a city far away .

far away from 离……很远

You’d better take a taxi . The sea is far away from here .

Many people make a living far away from his hometown .

20. miss (1) 思念, 想念She said she missed us very much in her letter .

What did you miss most when you lived abroad ( 在国外)?

(2) 错过, 没赶上He got up late and missed the early bus .

I’m sorry I missed seeing you while in Beijing .

21. have been to 去过某地, 已经回来

have gone to 去了某地, 还没有回来

have been in 去了某地, 还在那里

22．give sth to sb.==== give sb. sth 把某物给某人

Please give the book to me . === Please give me the book .

23. a lot of == lots of 许多

二. 现在完成进行时

(一) 现在完成进行时的含义: 表示一个动作从过去开始一直延续到现在, 而且还将

继续延续下去.

How long have you been living in China ?

He has been reading the book for four hours .

(二) 现在完成进行时的构成: 助动词have\ has + been + 动词的现在分词(动词+ing )

肯定句: 主语+ have\ has + been + 动词的现在分词+ 其它.

否定句: 主语+ have\ has + not + been + 动词的现在分词+ 其它.

一般疑问句: Have\ Has + 主语+ been + 动词的现在分词+ 其它?

特殊疑问句: 疑问词+ have\ has + 主语+ been + 动词的现在分词+ 其它?

How long have you been learning English ?

I have been learning English for 3 years .

since 3 years ago .

Have you been learning English for 3 years ?

Yes , I have . ( I have been learning English for 3 three years . )

No , I haven’t . ( I haven’t been learning English for 3 three years . )

根据上面的例句和下面的提示, 构成类似对话

1. he , look after the old man , since he came here

2. she , live in China , for 5 months .

3. they , work in the hospital , since 2 years ago

4. Kate , study in Peking University , for 4 weeks .

5. Mark , collect stamp , since he was 10 years old .

(三) since 和for 的用法.

(1 ) since “自从……以来, 从……开始, 引导表示一个时间点的短语或从句

since two years ago , since last month , since three o’clock

since he was 10 years old .

(2 ) for 引导表示一段时间的短语

for five days , for a year , for two hours

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