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2018年高考英语语法复习精讲三(动词时态和语态)

2018年高考英语语法复习精讲三(动词时态和语态)
2018年高考英语语法复习精讲三(动词时态和语态)

2018高考英语动词时态和语态精讲精练

在高考英语中,动词的时态和语态是重中之重,试题在考查固定句式中的时态和语态的同时,注重在上下文语境中考查时态和语态。要了解几种时态的一些常规规则,答题时要研读题干,搜索出尽可能多的“时间参照信息”,尤其要注意时态的呼应情况。

时态主动语态形式被动语态形式

一般现在时am/is/are/do/does am/is/are done

一般过去时was/were/did was/were done

现在完成时has/have done has/have been done

现在完成进行

has/have been doing/

现在进行时am/is/are doing am/is/are being done

过去进行时was/were doing was/were being done

过去完成时had done had been done

将来完成时will/shall have done will/shall have been done

一般将来时will/shall do

am/is/are going to do

am/is/are coming/leaving

am/is/are to do

am/is/are about to do

will/shall be done

am/is/are to be done

过去将来时would do

was going to do

was coming/leaving

was to do

was about to do

would be done

was/were to be done

将来进行时will/shall be doing/

考点1一般现在时

一般现在时表示动作的经常性或真理;表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词;在条件、时间、让步状语从句中用一般现在时或现在完成时表示将来;表示预计或规定;方位副词或介词短语放在句首,主语是名词,且全部倒装时,用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作;还可使用于文学作品和文学评论中。练一练:用所给词的适当形式填空:

①I'll go there after I________(finish)my work.

②The water will be further polluted unless some measures________(take).

③My train________(leave)at6:30.

④A snow________(expect)to come next week.

⑤Here________(come)the bus.

⑥This kind of cloth________(wash)well.

⑦Don't take it away.It________(belong)to me.

⑧He said water________(boil)at100℃.

考点2一般过去时和现在完成时

一般过去时(标志词:yesterday,just now,last year,the other day等)表示动作发生在过去,和现在毫无关系。

现在完成时(标志词:since,in the past/last years,just,recent(ly),lately,so far=up to now=up until now=by now,already,yet,several/many/...times)则强

调的是对现在的影响和结果,动作到现在刚完成或还在继续。

请区别下列几组句子:

①He has lived in London for three years.(现在还住在伦敦)

He lived in London for three years.(现在不在伦敦了)

②It's/has been two years since he smoked.(他不抽烟已两年了)

It's/has been two years since he began to smoke.(他抽烟已有两年了)

③This is the first/second/...time(that)I have_visited the school.

This was the first/second/...time I had_visited the school.

④He was writing a book last year.(去年他在写一本书)

He wrote a book last year.(去年他写了一本书)

⑤I thought he was an American.(我原以为他是美国人)

I think he is an American.(我想他是美国人)

练一练:用所给词的适当形式填空:

①—I haven't seen you for ages.Haven't you graduated from college?

—Yes.I________(study)English for four years in Nanjing University.

②Where________you________(put)my book?I can't find it anywhere.

③Although he has lived with us for years,he________(not leave)us much impression by now.

④My brother is an actor.He________(appear)in several films in the past few years.

⑤—Li Pin may not come tonight.

—But he________(promise)the other day.

考点3过去完成时和将来完成时

过去完成时表示一件事情发生在过去,而另一件事情先于它发生(即表示“过去的过去”)。常用的时间状语有:by then,by that time,by the end of,before2000,by the time,hardly/scarcely/rarely...when...和no sooner...than...

[注]表示原打算做但未做的几种表达:

①I had hoped/expected/meant/intended/...to do...,but...

=I hoped/expected/...to have done...,but...

=I would like/love to have done...,but...

将来完成时表示到将来某一时间,某一动作将会完成,常用的时间状语为“by+将来的某个时间”。如:They will have completed the project by the end of next year.练一练:用所给词的适当形式填空:

①Helen________(leave)her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband ________(come)home.

②I________(hope)to meet Mr.Thompson this morning,but I found nobody left in the room.

③By the time he________(return)home,the work had been finished.

By the time he returns home,the work____________(finish).

④We plan to reach the North Pole in mid-July,and by then we____________(walk) for six weeks.

考点4现在进行时,过去进行时,现在完成进行时和将来进行时

现在进行时表示现在正在进行的情况,计划、安排要做的事,还可以表示反复出现的动作,往往含有赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等情绪,常与always,continually,constantly 连用;

过去进行时表示过去某一刻或一段时间内正在进行的动作,还可以表示过去的将来动作;

现在完成进行时表示动作的未完成性和暂时性,还可以表示感情色彩;

将来进行时表示将来某个时候或某段时间正在进行的动作。

练一练:用所给词的适当形式填空:

①—Have you moved into the new house?—Not yet.The rooms________(paint).

②My father_____(fall)while he______(ride)his bicycle and______(hurt)himself.

③—Why are her eyes red?—She____________(cry).

④He____________(fly)over the Atlantic at this time tomorrow.

⑤You________always________(watch)TV.Why not do something more active?

⑥—Did you find the missing couple in the mountain yesterday?

—No,but we________(try)to get in touch with them ever since.

考点5一般将来时

注意区别will do,be going to do,be about to do,be doing,be to do:

①will do表示事物的固有属性或必然趋势,此外,还表示临时决定;

②be going to do表示计划、打算要做某事,还表示根据现在的迹象,对未来进行推断;

③be about to do表示立即的将来,因此,不与表示将来的具体时间状语连用;

④有些动词如come,go,arrive,leave,begin等,其一般现在时、现在进行时亦可表示按计划或安排将来要发生的动作或状态;

⑤be to do表示按计划或安排要做的事,意为“应该;想,打算;注定会”,可以用在if引导的句子里。

练一练:用所给词的适当形式填空:

①Ladies and gentlemen,please fasten your safety belt.The plane________(take)off.

②Look at the timetable.Flight4026________(take)off at18:20.

③If you____________(succeed),you should work hard.

④Look at the dark clouds.It____________(rain).

⑤—The light is still on.—Sorry.I________(go)and turn it off.

考点6get+过去分词“get+过去分词”可以表示被动,此结构比较口语化。练一练:用所给词的适当形式填空:

①The patient______(treat)once a week.②He fell off the building and______(kill).考点7主动形式表示被动意义

需用主动形式表示被动意义的情况:

①当系动词feel,look,smell,taste,sound,prove,remain,stay等后面接形容词时;

②当cut,read,sell,wear,write等词有状语easily,well等修饰时;

③measure,weigh,add up to后接数字时;

④在“be+形容词+to do”中,不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语,用主动形式表示被动意义。如:The problem is easy to solve.

⑤need,want,require,deserve后接动名词主动形式,相当于to be done。如:The watch needs repairing.He deserves praising.

⑥be worth后接动名词主动形式表示被动意义。如:The book is well worth buying.

⑦固定短语be to blame,be to let(出租)。

练一练:

①The water________cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise.

A.was felt

B.was to feel

C.felt

D.was to be felt

②I feel it is your husband who________for the spoiled child.

A.is to blame

B.is going to blame

C.is to be blamed

D.should blame

③Doctors and medical supplies need________to the scene of the accident soon after the coal mine explosion.

A.to send

B.sent

C.to have been sent

D.sending

④—Why did you leave that position?

—I________a better position at IBM.

A.offer

B.offered

C.am offered

D.was offered

⑤—How do you like the movie??

—It has been inspiring me.I think it’s worth_________.

A.To watch

B.to be watched

C.watching

D.being watched

⑥I want to buy that kind of cloth because I________the cloth________well.

A.have told;washes

B.have been told;washes

C.was told;was washed

D.have been told;is washed

考点8感官动词和使役动词的被动语态

感官动词和使役动词的宾补是动词原形,改成被动语态时要加to。

练一练:将下列句子改为被动语态:

①I saw him fall down.He was seen____________.

②I made him wash the dishes.He was made____________.

考点9“据说/据报道/……”的表达

Somebody is(was)said/reported/believed/thought/known to...意为“据说/据报道/大家认为/众所周之/人们认为……”。

此时,动词不定式有三种形式,即to do,to be doing和to have done。到底用哪种形式,可用下面的方法来辨别:

把不定式的动作发生的时间和谓语的动作发生的时间相比较:

动词不定式动作先于谓语动作发生:用to have done;

动词不定式动作与谓语动作同时发生:用to be doing;

动词不定式动作发生在谓语动作之后或同为经常性:用to do。

练一练:①The bank is reported in the local newspaper________in broad daylight yesterday.

A.being robbed

B.having been robbed

C.to have been robbed

D.robbed

②Wang Ming is said________abroad,but I am not sure which country it was.

A.to study

B.to have studied

C.to be studying

D.to have been studying

③Linda is thought________in Africa,but I really don't know what country she's working in.

A.to have worked

B.to work

C.to be working

D.working

考点10不用被动语态的动词或动词短语

appear,disappear,occur,benefit,end,begin,happen,last,spread,break out,take place,belong to,come about,suffer from等。

练一练:用所给词的适当形式填空:

①The place caught fire three times in the last century,and little of the original building____________(remain)now.

②The medicine____________(prove)vital for reducing fever and helping stop pain.

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