文档库 最新最全的文档下载
当前位置:文档库 › Infinitive Analysis

Infinitive Analysis

Infinitive Analysis
Infinitive Analysis

Infinitive

to do

I. 介绍

1. to do …. [ ] 不定式短语

2. 否定: never (not) to do

3. 疑问: who, what, when, where, which, whom, why, whether, how

What to do O

How to do it [ ]

4. 时态& 语态

5.逻辑主语:

adj. for n./pron 宾格to do 表明对某事的一种评价

adj. of n./pron 宾格to do 表明其后人的特性,对人物的评价

II. 用法

1. to do S

1) to do 作主语时,谓语要用第三人称的单数

e.g.: To serve the people well is our duty.

To get there on foot will take several hours.

To love their children is natural.

2) it 形式主语

e.g.: It is our duty to sever the people well.

It will take serve hours to get there on foot.

It is natural for parents to love their children.

It is kind of you to send me a gift. (见逻辑主语部分)

2. to do P

1) be, appear, seem... + to do 看起来, 好像

e.g.: he appears to have caught a cold.

Your children appear to be crazy about the war play and weapons

2) be + to do表示打算,计划

e.g.: Peter is to arrive at seven this morning.

3. to do O

A. to do作动词的宾语

a.通常接to do 作宾语的动词:

b. 通常接doing 作宾语的动词和短语:

c. doing与to do 的区别:

B. prep + 疑问代词+ to do

e.g.: Tom began to learn / learning about how to use a computer.

C. adj. + to do

e.g.: I am glad to see you.

4. to do ( )

1) 在抽象名词之后用to do作定语

e.g.: Attempt(to break up the windows [with a piece of elastic]) failed.

2) 用于修饰序数词,或最高级修饰的词

the first, second, last, only, best

e.g.: He will be the last one to lend you money.

3) 固定搭配:

I have a lot of work to do. 我有很多工作要做.

work (to do O)

* Tips: 不定式为vi. 后面需接介词

e.g.: There is nothing (to worry about O).

5. to do [ ]

作目的,结果,程度,原因状语:

e.g.: He sat down [to have a rest]. (目的)

He woke up [to find everybody gone]. (结果)

习惯用法:

1) 表目的: in order to do(位于句首)

so as to do (位于句中或句尾) 2) 表结果/程度:

a: so + adj./adv.+ as to do ,

such + n.+ as to do

如此….以至于….

b. too + adj/adv.+ to do 太....而不能

c. adj./adv. enough to do ....足可以....

3) 表喜,怒,哀,乐的adj.表语,后跟to do作原因状语

e.g.: In order to succeed, he tried his best.

He is so surprise as to speak nothing.

He is too surprise to speak anything.

It is never too old to learn.

The road is wide enough for tank to

pass

I || am very glad [to see you].

6. to do < >

1) 带to 的情况: V. sb./sth.

e.g.: The scientists advise us not to eat too much.

2) 不带to 的情况: V. sb./sth.

e.g.: The trainer || made the elephant .

The elephant was made to dance before…. [by …]

* Tips: 被动:

e.g.: sb. be allowed to do ....

sb. be made to do ....

* Tips:

allow, advise, permit....后面出现的两种情况:

e.g.: allow sb. to do sth.

allow doing sth."

III. 时态与语态

1. 一般时

表示的动作,通常与主要谓语动词的动作或状态几乎同时发生或在其后发生

e.g.: She was seen to enter the hall.

2. 进行时

表示动作正在进行,与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生

e.g.: They seem to be getting along quite well.

3. 完成式

表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前

e.g.: You seem to have caught a cool.

4. 被动式

当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受着时,不定式一般要用被动形式

It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.

ask sb. to do sth.

For Sb. to be asked to do sth.

Exercise:

I.

1. It is kind of you to say you like it.

S || V P

2. He was intelligent enough to discover the secret.

S || V P [to do….].

3. Will you please teach us how to make use of the waste paper?

S || V O .

4. It is not so easy to tell the difference between the two.

S || V P.

5. They hurried up so as not to miss the train. S || V [so as not to do….]

6. What do you think is the best way to improve the present economic situation?

S || V P (to do ….).

7. To be a teacher of the people, one must first be their pupil.

[To do ….], S || V P.

8. The food keeps our bodies strong or makes them grow.

….>.

9. Make an outline before you try to write a story.

V O [before S || V to do ….]

10. I will not let my children be treated in that way.

….>.

11. Who was the first man to make such an experiment?

S || V P (to do….)?

12. It’s not an easy job to take care of so many children.

S || V P.

13. He was pleased to hear her talk like that.

S || V P [to do….]原因.

14. The movie was said to be very interesting.

S || be done .

15. We didn’t expect you to be waiting for us here.

S || V O .

16. The last question to be discussed today is how to divide the work among ourselves.

S (to be done….) || V how to do….

17. You are required to attend the meeting to be held in Room 201.

S || be done .

18. They are all very glad to have seen your performance.

S || V P [to have done….]原因.

19. They used repetition to learn new words. S || V O [to do….]

20. Animals are said to build their houses by instinct.

S || be done .

II

1. More and more young people are learning ____ (drive) car.

2. The doctor will advise you which medicine ____ (take) first.

3. He doesn’t like ____ (praise).

4. We were having breakfast when I heard the telephone ____ (ring).

5. The weather is too cold for them ____ (go) out.

6. It’s a great honour ____ (invite) to your country.

7. She asked ____ (send) ____ (work) on a farm after she finished her study at the college.

8. My idea is to let Mrs. Black ____ (take) over my work.

9. She seemed ____ (hear) about it already.

10. The text is too long for her ____ (learn) by heart.

Key:

1. to drive

2. to take

3. to be praised

4. ring

5. to go

6. to be invited

7. to be sent, to work

8. take

9. to have heart

10. to learn

动词不定式作主语的三种方式

动词不定式作主语的三种方式 I 不定式作主语通常位于句首。如: ①To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。 ②To get up early is necessary.早起是必要的。 II 把引导词it放在句首作形式主语,而把真正的主语———动词不定式(短语)放在后面。如: ①It's not easy to work out the problem.计算出这道题不容易。 ②It is interesting to play with snow in winter.冬季里玩雪是很有趣的。 it作形式主语时,有三种情况: 1)常用形容词作它的表语。真正主语不定式通常有逻辑主语,一般用for短语来表示,即for sb.to do sth.(其中sb.就是to do的逻辑主语)。如: It's important for us to keep the water clean.保持水质清洁对我们来说是很重要的。 [注意]for不能用of来代替,因为不能说:Y ou are important. 当表语形容词表示不定式的逻辑主语的性质或特征时,则不用for,而用of(sb.to do sth.)。如: It's very kind of you to say so.你这样说真是太好了。 (可以说:Y ou are very kind.) 2)有时也接名词作表语。如: It must be great fun to fly to the moon in a spaceship.乘宇宙飞船飞往月球一定很有趣。 3)it作形式主语时,还常用于“It takes(took /will take)sb.some time(money)to do sth.”句型中。如: ①It took me more than an hour to do my homework yesterday evening.昨天晚上我做作业用了一个多小时。 ②It will take us a long time to walk there.步行去那儿要花费我们很长时间。 III.动词不定式与疑问词how,what,when,where,which等连用构成不定式短语,也可作主语。如: ①How to use the computer is the question.如何使用计算机是个问题。 ②Where to go has not been decided.去哪儿还没有定下来。 【巩固练习】选择正确答案填空。 1.It's important you walk after supper. A.of;to B.for;of C.to;to D.for;to 2.It's very kind you help me. A.to;of B.of;to C.for;to D.to;to 3.To make friends with them nice. A.is B.are C.be D.does 4. the meeting has not been discussed yet. A.Why to hold B.Where to C.When to hold D.Which to (Keys:1—4 DBAC)

非谓语动词之动词不定式(to do)的用法

非谓语动词之动词不定式(to do)的用法 非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词,主要形式有:不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)。 1.“to do”动词不定式的变形 2.动词不定式的用法 (1)充当主语(一般会用it 当形式主语) To swim here is dangerous. = It is dangerous to swim here. To pass this English exam is unlikely. = (2)充当表语(多数情况下,可以转换成动词不定式做主语) My job is to help with your English learning. To help with your English learning is my job. (3)充当宾语(只能做某些动词的宾语,一般不做介词的宾语;有时用“it”做形式宾语) I decided to attend this meeting last night. I find it necessary to learn a foreign language. 注意:当以下动词欲接动词作宾语时,只能跟不定式作宾语。 decide, determine, learn, wish, hope agree, plan, pretend, dare, refuse, fail prepare, try, manage, help, promise offer, beg, demand, afford, arrange, be supposed

(4)充当宾语补足语 I persuaded him to make a speech in public. 注意:在感官动词/使役动词/help后(see, hear, watch, notice, make, have, let后不定式做宾补时,可省略“to”) I saw them have a disagreement on who should sweep the floor. (我看到了 他们争论的整个过程) 但,感官动词后面也可接Ving形式,表示正在进行。 I saw them arguing about who should sweep the floor. (我看到他们正在 争论谁该扫地,并不一定看到了整个过程) (5)充当状语(目的,原因,结果状语,其逻辑主语与句子主语一致) I wrote him a letter to further explain this matter. (目的状语) I’m sorry to bother you.(原因状语) He queued for hours at the box office only to find that the show was sold out. (结果状语,only + to find/realize/discover表示出乎意料的结果)(6)充当定语(不定式作定语,要放在所修饰的词的后面) I have a lot of dishes to wash. Do you have anything to say? There are 3 questions to answer. (7)一些固定句型中不定式省略“to” had better would rather do… than do… why not do “except/but” 有“do” 无“to”,有”to”无“do” have nothing to do but do… do everything but/except have no choice but to want nothing but/except to (8)当两个或多个作用相同的不定式并列(and/or/than)时,通常只保留第一个不定式的“to”. He told me to stay there and wait for him. It’s easier to persuade people than force them. To try and fail is better than not to try at all. (否定式中“to”不能省略)

动词不定式的形式

一、动词不定式的形式 1. 动词不定式各种形式有:一般式、完成式、不定式的进行式、不定式的完成进行式、 不定式一般式和完成式的被动语态。 以下几种情况用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义: a. 在某些静态形容词后作状语的不定式:如 easy , hard , difficult , tiresome ,good , heavy , interesting 等。 b. 当不定式的动作与所修饰的名词是逻辑上的动宾关系时,可以用主动表示被动。 c. 在too … to 或 enough to 结构中,不定式主动表被动。 2. 不定式的否定式 不定式的否定形式是在不定式前加否定词 not 或 never 等。 3. 不定式短语 a. 疑问词 + 不定式 在 tell , show , teach , find out , decide , discuss , learn , ask , advise ,remember , know 等动词后常用“疑问词 + 不定式”这一结构作其定语。 b. of/ for sb to do 当不定式作主语时,可以有自己的逻辑主语,指明动作的执行者。常常使用 for 来引出不定式的逻辑主语,但当和不定式搭配的形容词是表示主语的品行、性格特征和行为表现时,需要用 of 来代替 for ,引出其逻辑主语。 使用 of 的此类形容词有: kind , foolish , stupid , wise , nice , clever ,silly , rude , careless , thoughtful 等。 二、动词不定式充当各种句子成分的具体用法。 动词不定式可以充当除谓语之外的任外的任何句子成分。 1. 不定式作主语

动词不定式的用法

动词不定式的用法 概念: 动词不定式由to+动词原形构成。这里的to 是不定式标志,没有词义。不定式具有名词、 形容词或副词的某些语法功能,又有动词的 时态和语态的特点及作用。可以做主语、宾 语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语。 一、作主语动词不定式作主语时,句子的谓语 动词常用单数,其位置有以下两种: (1) 把不定式置于句首。如: To get there by bike will take us half an hour. (2) 用it 作形式主语,把真正的主语不定 式置于句后,常用于下列句式中。如:

① It + be + 名词+ to do It's our duty to take good care of the old. ② It takes sb+some time+to do How long did it take you to finish the work? ③ It + be + 形谷词+ b + to do It is difficult for us to finish for swriting the composition in a quarter of an hour. 在句型③中,常用表示客观情况的形容词, 如: easy, difficult, hard, possible, impossible, necessary, better; the first, the next, too much, too little, not enough ④ It + be +形容词+ of sb + to do It is stupid of you to write down everything the teachersays. 在句型④中,常用 careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,la zy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise rude, clever, important, comfortable, the last, the best

详解动词不定式的五种

详解动词不定式的五种“式” 不定式根据其发生的时间不同以及所处的状语的不同,可以有一般式、完成式、进行式、完成进行式,同时根据它与逻辑主语的关系的不同,可以有主动式和被动式。如下表: 一、不定式一般式的用法 1. 表示未发生的动作 即表示发生在谓语动作之后的动作。如: I expect him to arrive tomorrow. 我预计他明天到达。 I hope to catch an early train. 我希望赶上早班火车。 The doctor advised me to take a complete rest. 医生建议我完全休息。 2. 表示同时发生的动作 即表示与谓语动作同时发生或略先于谓语动作的动作。如: Who heard him say that? 是谁听到他这样说的?(say与heard几乎同时发生) I?m sorry to hear that. 听到这事我很难过。(to hear 略先于am sorry) 3. 表示一般情况 即看不出动作的先后关系,而是表示一种情况或现象。如: Washing the car seems to be your main hobby. 擦洗汽车似乎是你的主要爱好。 None of her many lovers seemed to want to marry her. 在她的许多情人中似乎没有一个愿意娶她的。 二、不定式进行式的用法 1. 表示同时进行

即表示与谓语动作同时发生且正在进行的动作。如: He seems to be following us. 他似乎在跟着我们。 He pretended to be looking for a book. 他假装在找书。 I happened to be looking out of the window when they arrived. 他们到达时我碰巧正向窗外望去。 2. 表示将来 正如可用进行时态表示将来意义一样,不定式的进行式有时也可表示将来。如:You are lucky to be going by air. 你挺幸运的,能乘飞机走。 He was happy to be coming home. 就要回家了他感到高兴。 I happened to be going that way. 我恰好也是到那里去。 I promised to be waiting at the door when he came out. 我答应在门口一直 等到他出来。 3. 表示一般情况 即看不出动作的先后关系,而是表示一种情况或现象。如: I noticed that he seemed to be smoking a lot. 我发现他似乎烟瘾很大。 Just to be doing something was a help. 做点事是有益处的。 You are too young to be meeting young men. 你太小,不能交男朋友。 三、不定式完成式的用法 1. 表示比谓语动作更早的动作 即不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前。如: I hate to have quarreled with her. 我后悔和她吵架了。 They are said to have left London. 据说他们已经离开伦敦。 I happened to have driven that kind of car before. 碰巧我过去曾开过那种汽车。 I?m sorry to have given you so much trouble. 对不起给了你这么多麻烦。 2. 表示比某特定时间更早的动作 即表示在某个特定的时间之前已完成的动作。如: I hope to have finished the work by now. 我希望现在以前已完成这项工作。

动词不定式用法小结

动词不定式用法 动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句中不能独立作谓语。但动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词特征,在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等多种成分。另外,动词不定式具有动词特点,可以有自己的宾语和状语,组成动词不定式短语。动词不定式的肯定形式是to+do;其否定形式是not to+do。 下面以动词不定式在句中的作用来予以详细说明。 1.作主语 可以直接作主语。如:To see is to believe. 但在英语中,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语即动词不定式放在后面。如: It's wrong to play tricks on other people. It's our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy. 点击规律:动词不定式在句中作主语时,常放在It is +adj.(形容词)+to do sth.或It is +n.(名词)+to do sth.句型中,it仅作形式主语。 2.作宾语 a.want,decide ,agree等动词后面跟并且只能跟不定式。如: We agreed to start early. She wants to be a doctor. b.love,like ,begin,start,hate ,prefer等词后面可以接不定式。 点击规律:上述动词后面除接不定式外,还可以接动名词,意思无很大区别。 提示板:like doing指经常性动作,而like to do指一次性的动作。如: I like swimming,but I don't like to swim now.我喜欢游泳,但我现在不想游。 c.stop,forget,remember,go on ,try等词或短语后面可以接不定式。 点击规律:上述动词后面接不定式和接动名词意思大不相同。 提示板: 1)stop to do sth.:停止一件事,去做另一件事。 stop doing sth.:停止正在做的事。 例句:When the teacher came in,the students stopped talking;when he came out,the students stopped to talk.当老师走进来时,学生们停止说话;当老师走出去时,学生们又开始说话。 2)思考:forget,remember,go on,try等词或短语后面接不定式和动名词用法有何区别? d.在find/feel+it+adj.+to do sth.句型中,it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。如: The man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleep. I feel it easy to recite the text. 点击规律:某些动词或短语后面既可以接动词不定式作宾语,又可接动名词作宾语,二者用法上的区别可以通过造句子加以区分,如上面stop例句。 3.作宾语补足语 a.tell,ask,want,order,teach,invite,warn,wish,help,get,wish,help等词后面常接不定式作宾补。如: I tell him not to go there by bus . Edison's mother taught him to read and write. b.let,make,have,see,hear,feel,watch,notice后面接不带to的不定式作宾补。如: The boss makes them work 16 hours a day.I heard her sing in the next room. 提示板:若变成被动语态,在上述结构中,不定式符号to要加上。如: They are made to work 16 hours a day by the boss. She was heard to sing in the next room. 4.作定语:放在被修饰的名词、代词后面 例句:I have a lot of work to do. The doctor said he could do nothing to help the boy. 点击规律:动词不定式若在句中作定语,常放在被修饰的名词、代词之后。 提示板:如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系,若动词是不及物动词,切记不要忘掉介词。如: I have a small bedroom to live in. Have you got some pens to write with? 5.表语:放在连系动词be后面 例句:His wish is to become a scientist. The first important thing is to save the soldiers' lives. 当务之急是抢救战士们的生命。 点击规律:动词不定式在句中作表语时,通常对连系动词前面的名词进行诠释说明。 6.作状语

动词不定式的讲义

Lecture 2 Infinitive-----动词不定式 1非谓语动词(Non-Predicate Verb):在英语中,不作句子谓语,而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词,叫做非谓语动词。 1.1 非谓语动词与谓语动词相似点有: 1.如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用。 They built a house. They suggested building a house. 2.都可被状语修饰。 The suit fits him very well. The suit used to fit him very well. 3.都有主动与被动,“体”式(一般式、进行式和完成式)的变化。 He was beaten by his parents. He avoided being beaten by his parents. We have written composition. Having written the composition, we handed it in. 4.都可有逻辑主语。 We started the work at once. The boss ordered us to start the work at once. We are Party members. We being Party members, the work was well done. 1.2非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有: 1.2.1非谓语动词可以有名词作用(如动词不定式和动名词),在句中作主语、宾语、表语。 1.2.2 非谓语动词可以有形容词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中作定语、表语或宾语补足语。 1.2.3 非谓语动词可以有副词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中作状语。

动词不定式作状语

动词不定式作状语 不定式作状语可以表示行为的目的、结果、原因等。(to do/ not to do) 1.表示目的 To save the child, he laid down his life. 注意:有时为了强调或突出这种目的,也可以用in order (not) to do,和so as (not) to do结构(so as to do不可以置于句首)。 He shouted and waved in order to be noticed. In order to be noticed, he shouted and waved I'll write down his telephone number so as not to forget it. 2.表示结果 He got to the station only to find the train had gone. He got to the station only to be told the train had gone. We came home to find our garden neat and tidy.我们回到家里发现花园整整齐齐。 He hurried to the house only to find that it was empty.他急忙赶到那所房子,却发现空无一人。 He survived the crash only to die in the desert.飞机坠毁时他幸免于难,后来却死在沙漠里。 After the meeting, they parted, never to see each other again. He went abroad, never to be heard from. 不定式表示结果常见于下列句型。 1)so ... as to do Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle I’m not so simple as to think it will be easy.我决不至于笨得以为那是容易的事。 The house is so high and narrow as to resemble a tower.这房子又高又窄,像一座塔。 2)such ... as to do We are not such fools as to believe him. He spoke in such a manner as to offend them.他用这种方式讲话,以致冒犯了他们。 It was such aloud noise as to wake everybody in the house.声音这么大,房子里的每个人都给吵醒了。3)enough to do He didn't run fast enough to catch the train. The patient is well enough to sit up in bed now.病人现在已能在床上坐起来了。 He’s big enough to go out without his parents.他已长大,不用父母陪着出门了。 4)only to do He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet. 他搬起石头砸自己的脚。 5)too ... to do His eyesight is too poor to read such small letters. It is too soon for me to say whether the scheme will succeed or not.现在说计划能否成功还为时过早。As a conductor he is too experienced to mind what the critics say.他是一位经验非常丰富的指挥家,根本不会在乎评论家的意见。 注意:too...to...结构中的形容词如果是eager, pleased, happy, ready,willing,anxious等,动词不定式不表结果,也没有否定的意思。 I’m only too glad to stay at home.我太想留在家里啦。(too修饰glad to stay at home) I’m just too anxious to help you.我正是想帮助你哩。(too修饰anxious to help you) You are too ready to find faults in other people.你就爱找别人的岔儿。 The boy was too eager to get a geography book. He is too anxious to know the examination results. 3.表示原因 I was a fool not to listen to you at that time. She wept to find him in such a difficult situation. I’m glad to see you. 练习题 1. ---Where did he go? ---He went to another store ________(buy) pencils. 2. I was surprised _________(watch) him eat so quickly. 3. _________(realise) our wishes, we must try our best to work well. 4. He is _____ honest a man _____ a lie. A. so; to tell B. too; to tell C. very; to tell D. such; that tell 5. I ran too fast _____ where I was going. A. to notice B. for me to notice C. to notice for me D. and notice 6. Would you be _____ to show me the way to the City Hall? A. good enough B. good enough as C. so good D. as good as 7. The man will do everything he can ________(buy) a camera for his wife. 8. Tom kept quiet about the accident ________ lose his job. A. so not as to B. so as not to C. so as to not D. not so as to 9. --- Did that book give the information you needed? --- Yes, but ______, we had to read it almost entirely. A. for finding it B. to find it C. finding it D. by finding it 10. I intended _____________ (discuss)the matter with you, but I had some guests hen. 11. The worker is ______ in repairing the machine to notice my coming. A. too busy B. enough busy C. busy too D. busy enough 12. Grace advised us to withdraw ______. A. so as to get not involved B. so as not to get involved C. so that to get not involved D. as not to get involved 13. He ran all the way up to the station ______ that the train had left fifteen minutes before. A. in order to find B. so as to find C. only to find D. such as to find 14. I had intended ___________ (visit) him while he was living at Aberdeen. 15. Despite the earnest efforts of various private groups as well as government agencies, many of the probl ems have not yet been solved, and much remains to ______. A. have been done B. be done C. have done D. do

动词不定式(基础讲解)

动词不定式 【概念引入】 1. 动词不定式名言: (1)动词不定式作表语 To lose is to learn. 失败就是学习。 (2)动词不定式作主语 It is better to give than to take. 给予比接受更好。 (3)不定式作宾语 Expect to be treated as you have treated others. 你怎样待别人,就指望别人怎样待你。 (4)不定式作宾补 Adversity causes some men to break,others to break records. 逆境使一些人崩溃,也使一些人破记录。 (5)不定式作定语 There is a time to talk and a time to act. 该说的时候说,该做的时候做。 (6)不定式作目的状语 To find the exact answer,one must first ask the exact question. 要找到确切的答案,首先必须提出确切的问题。 2. 动词不定式定义: 动词不定式是一种非谓语形式(不能作谓语),基本形式是to do形式(to是不定式符号的标志,无意义,可以不翻译) 肯定式:to + 动词原形 否定式:not to + 动词原形 【用法讲解】 1.动词不定式的特征 动词不定动式是一种非谓语动词形式,它没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语,但可以作除谓语之外的其它任何句子成分(主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语);动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,同时还保持动词的某些特点,既可以有自己的宾语和状语,动词不定式和它的宾语和状语构成不定式短语。 2. 动词不定式在句子中的作用 动词不定式是由to+动词原形构成,在句中起名词,形容词和副词的作用,可以担任除谓语以外的其它任何成分。 (1)动词不定式作主语。例如: To master a language is not an easy thing. 掌握一门语言不是一件容易的事情。 To teach English is my favorite. 教英语是我的爱好。 It's my pleasure to help you. 很乐意帮助你。 (2)动词不定式作宾语。 某些及物动词可以用动词不定式作宾语,这些动词有decide, begin, help, want, wish, like, forget, learn, ask等。例如: I like to help others if I can. 如果有可能的话,我喜欢帮助别人。 I want to buy a new car when I have enough money. 我有钱时想买一辆新车。

动词不定式用法

动词不定式用法 不定式是动词的一种非限定式,它是不受主语的单复数、人称、时态、语态等的限定及影响的一种动词形式。 一、动词不定式的基本结构 动词不定式的基本形式为:to+动词原形,有时可不带to。不定式的否定形式是:not to+动词原形。在句中除不能作谓语外,其他成分都可作。如:主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等。 注意:不定式之前的to(又称为小品词)与介词to的功能不同。介词to之后要接名词或代词的宾格,或相当于名词的短语作它的宾语;而不定式符号to的后面需要跟动词原形。 speak to him (to 是介词) 对他讲话 to speak English (to 是不定式的小品词) 讲英语 二、动词不定式的用法 不定式在句中有各种作用,一般可归类为三种基本用法:作名词,作形容词,作副词。 (一) 不定式作名词的用法 不定式起名词作用,在句子中担当主语、表语、宾语和宾语补足语。 ⒈作主语

名词用法的不定式和名词一样,可担任句子的主语。 To grow more trees here is very important. (=It is very important to grow more trees here.) 在这里多种些树是非常重要的。 To hear your voice is so nice. (=It is so nice to hear your voice.) 听到你的声音真高兴。 To speak English well is not easy for me. (=It is not easy for me to speak English.) 把英语说好对我来说并不容易。 To walk to school takes me twenty minutes. (=It takes me twenty minutes to walk to school.) 步行到学校我要花20分钟。 注意:在It is… to…‖的句型中,it是形式主语,真正的主语是不定式;使用这种结构,可以避免句子的头重脚轻。通常不定式被视为第三人称单数,所以动词用is或was。 It is bad for your eyes to read in the sun. 在阳光下看书对你的眼睛有害。 另外,不定式作主语的句子,同时有另外一个不定式作表语时,不能转换成―It is… to…‖的句型。 To see is to believe. (百闻不如一见。) 不能转换为:It is to believe to see. 2.作表语

常见动词不定式词组

常见动词不定式词组、句型用法总结 .固定用法(非谓语动词): 以下是带to的动词不定式常见搭配 ★希望做某事hope to do sth. ★决定做某事decide to do sth. ★同意做某事agree to do sth. ★需要某人做某事need to do sth. ★使用某物做某事use sth to do sth ★迫不及待做某事can’t wait to do ★准备做某事get/be ready to do ★尽力/努力做某事try to do sth ★计划做某事plan to do sth. ★不得不have to do ★轮流做某事take one’s turns to do sth. ★拒绝做某事refuse to do sth. ★告诉某人做某事tell sb. to do sth. ★请某人做某事ask sb. to do sth. ★希望某人做某事wish sb. to do sth. ★想要某人做某事want /would like sb. to do sth. ★同意某人做某事agree sb. to do sth. ★教某人做某事teach sb. to do sth. ★喜欢/想要某人做某事 like sb. to do sth. ★帮助某人做某事help sb. to do sth/help sb.do ★encourage sb to do 鼓励某人做 ★It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事 例句:It your turn to clean the blackboard. ★It’s time(for sb.) to do sth.是某人做某事时候了 ★例句:It’s time for me to go home. ★★It’s +adj. for/of sb. to do sth. 对于某人来说做某事是……(当adj. 是表示性格、品德的形容词时用of)例句: It is easy for me to learn it well. It is very kind/foolish/nice of you to do so. ★ It takes sb. sometime to do sth. 某人做某事花了某时间 例句: 1.It takes me an hour to get to school by bike. 2.It took me an hour to watch TV last night. 3.It will take her two weeks to finish the work. ★too+adj./adv. to do sth. 太…..而不能 例: He was too angry to say a word. ★find/think/feel it +adj. to do sth.发现/认为/感到做某事是…例: I find/think/feel it hard to learn English well. ★序数词+to do 第…..个做某事 例句:Who is the first to get there? ★我不知/忘记了怎么办。I didn't know/forgot what to do. ★离开房间时不要忘记/记住关灯例句:Don’t forget/Remember to turn off the lights when you left the room ★ be+adj+to do sth 例句:I am very sorry to hear that. I am ready to help others. I am happy/pleased/glad to meet you. 顺口溜:本领最多不定式,主表定补宾和状;样样成分都能干,只有谓语它不 敢;大家千万要小心,有时它把句型改;作主语时用it,自己在后把身藏;七 个感官三使役,宾补要把to甩开;疑问词后接上它,宾语从句可充当;逻辑主 语不定式,不定式前加for sb.;to前not是否定,各种用法区别开。 以下是不带to的动词不定式(即动词原形)的常见用法 ★ let sb. do sth让某人做某事★ make do sth使得某人做某事

动词不定式(The-Infinitive)

Unit1 Infinitive(动词不定式) Teaching aims 1 .Knowledge Aim: The Infinitive 2. Ability Aims: Enable Ss to use the Infinitive correctly. 3. Learning ability: Teach Ss how to use the Infinitive correctly. Teaching important points: The Infinitive Teaching difficult points: Using the Infinitive correctly in different situations. Teaching methods Task-based learning instructions practice Teaching aids: Multi-media classroom and other normal teaching tools Teaching Procedures I. 不定式在句中的功能 做主语: 那样做是很幼稚的. To act like that is childish. 为避免句子出现“头重脚轻”现象,常用it做形式主语,将真正主语的不定式后置. 要学好英语不是那么容易的。It is not easy to learn English well. (2) 做宾语 她喜欢谈论这件事情。She loves to talk about the matter. 他希望不久能找到工作.He hopes to find a job soon. 常接不定式做宾语的动词有:afford, agree, aim, arrange, ask, attempt, begin, bother, care, choose, continue, dare, decide, demand, expect, fail, hate, hope, learn, long, manage, mean, need, offer, plan, prefer, prepare, promise, prove, refuse, want, wish等 <1>.不定式有时和连接代/副词一起构成宾语. Do you remember which way to get there? 下一步干什么你决定了吗? Have you decided what to do next? 我来问他怎么样开这机器. I’ll ask him how to operate the machine. <2>有时不定式由whether引起. I didn’t know whether to laugh or cry about it. <3>feel, find, judge, make, think, believe, consider 等动词后如果是不定式做宾语,补语是形容词(间或是名词),常用it作形式宾语,把不定式后移. I find it difficult to work with him. 3.做宾语补足语: 常带to的不定式做宾语补足语的动词有: ask, beg, prefer, help, promise, wish, want, expect, permit, request, allow, command, tell ,invite, cause, encourage, warn, advise, persuade, force, order, remind, teach, 等. Father will not allow us to play on the street. My brother asked me to clean the room with him. 后接不带to的不定式做宾语补足语的动词有: let, hear, have , make ,see, observe, feel, watch, notice 等. The policeman saw a child play in the street. A child was seen to play in the street by the policeman. 4.做表语 不定式可用作表语,说明主语的具体内容. My work is to clean the room every day. 我的梦想是成为一名医生.His dream is to be a doctor. 5.做定语 不定式放在被修饰的名词、代词后面,往往表示未发生的动作。 I have a lot of work to do. She is the first student to come to school. 6.做状语

相关文档
相关文档 最新文档