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2019年中考英语专项练习—阅读理解之科普知识与现代科技(word版带答案)

2019年中考英语专项练习—阅读理解之科普知识与现代科技

第一节阅读理解。

根据短文内容，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。

Artificial intelligence(AI，人工智能)can help us make phone calls. It can guide us to where we want to go. It can play games. And now，AI can do even more things.

Researchers f rom Microsoft have created the first machine translation system that can translate news articles from Chinese to English.

The researchers tested the system by asking it to translate hundreds of sentences taken from news stories. Then，language experts compared the results to the translation that were done by humans. The experts said that the system's translations were as good as the human translations.

Experts used several methods to improve the system's translation abilities. “Much of our research is really learned from how we humans do things，” lead researcher Liu Tieyan said.

One method is called dual learning(对偶学习). In this method，the system translates every sentence from Chinese to English，as well as translates the sentences back from English into Chinese. This way，the system can improve itself and learn from its own mistakes. This is similar to what humans do to make sure

their translations are exact.

Another method makes use of deliberation networks(推敲网络)．The researchers taught the system to repeat the process of translating the same sentence over and over. Gradually，the system can improve the quality of its translations. This is similar to how people correct their own writing by going through it again

and again.

( )1. Microsoft created a system that can ________.

A. make phone calls

B. give people directions

C. play games with people

D. translate news articles

( )2. What did the experts say about the system's translations?

A. They were not exact.

B. They were as good as human translations.

C. They were better than human translations.

D. It's hard to tell whether the translations were correct.

( )3. Dual learning trains the system to translate ________.

A. more quickly

B. different sentences

C. more exactly

D. the same sentence repeatedly

( )4. The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refers to ________.

A. dual learning

B. the process

C. the system

D. people's own writing

( )5. The passage wants to tell us ________.

A. what artificial intelligence can do for us

B. how sentences are translated from Chinese to English

C. how the machine translation system was developed

D. why Microsoft created a machine translation system

Teenagers are known for being creative and full of new ideas. Let’s have a look at these teena that might change the world.

Banana leaves usually go bad in two or three days. Tenth Hadith, a teenager from

India, used UV to make the leaves stay fresh for a year. Tenth thinks that one day

the leaves will be used for making plates, cups and other things.

David Cohen, an American teenager, built an earthworm(蚯蚓) robot. It is able to go

into the smallest places, where humans or dogs can’t go. It will be used for finding

people in a fire or an earthquake.

Remya Jose, a 14-year-old from India, found it tiring and boring to hand wash

clothes in the nearby river. She reused some bicycle parts and created a washing

machine that saves time, energy and keeps people fit at the same time.

Kenneth Shinozuku, a 15-year-old from New York, noticed that his grandfather who got

Alzheimer＇s disease（老年痴呆）would often leave home and get lost. So he invented the

wearable sensors(感应器)to help people find their family members like his grandfather.

( )1. What is the passage mainly about?

A. Popular ads

B. Useful machines

C. Strange pictures.

D. Teenage inventions

( )2. The earthworm robot by David Cohen can ______.

A. make things stay fresh

B. help people wash clothes

C. go into the smallest places

D. take care of the old people

( )3. Which of the following is TRUE

A. Plates and cups are made of fresh banana leaves.

B. Remya's washing machine can also keep people fit.

C. David Cohen is a middle school student from India.

D. Kenneth's wearable sensors will keep old people at home.

Technology is everywhere. We see it any place we go and，in fact，almost all of us carry some piece of technology with us every time we leave the house. What I always forget，though，is just how useful and powerful technology can be when we want to help others

There is not a single room in my house that does not have some electronic devices

（设备）lying around init. Whenever I am at home，I am almost always using at least one electronic device. If you walked into my living room on any given day，you would find that，first，I have the television on. At the same time，

I usually have my laptop resting on my knee，or I will be using my mobile phone，Even when i＇m not

at home I am always using my phone，and at work or in cafes，I sit down and connect to the local wireless network on myopic.

I must say that I waste a lot of time on the computer and the time I spend on it could be much better spent if I were to take up a little online volunteering

The technology we carry about everywhere can have a great power to do good for the world and to help others and recently I discovered just how much online volunteering there is to do in the world. From using your language skills to do translations，to developing and managing projects and helping with IT work，

there is so much that so many people can do to help people in their own countries and across the world. The United Nations，in fact，has a huge page with ＂Volunteers Recruited＂on its website.

This work can support the poor and help charities who cannot pay for staff. Many organizations only require you to work an hour a week-some even less. And the support provided by online volunteers can really help make a difference to those in need.

( )1. From Paragraph 2，we can know that the writer

A. uses technology a lot

B. works in a cafe

C. is a computer engineer

D. likes modern music

( )2. The underlined word Recruited＂in Paragraph 4 means“”

A. Ordered

B. Wanted

C. Visited

D. Warned

( )3. In the writers opinion，people should spend more time with technology.

A. working on computer programs

B. keeping the Internet safe

C. inventing electronic products

D. helping people in need

( )4. What can be the best title for the passage？

A. Website Design

B. Internet Organizations

C. Online Volunteering

D. Online Translation

Do you find it difficult to put down your mobile phone?

If yes，you're not alone. These days，many people are facing the stress in the use of mobile phones. They reach for their mobile phones when they wake up in the morning，and keep checking their social media apps to get the latest updates(更新)．

A report from Google shows that 70 percent of people don't want to spend much time on their phones. This is why Google introduced an app called Dashboard for the new Android operating system(安卓操作系统). This new app includes functions(功能) that help users manage the time. For example，users can see how many times they've unlocked their phone，how many times they've checked their social media apps，and how much time they spend on each app every day.

Once the users see this information，they'll be able to make some changes. With the App Timer(计时) function，users can set a time l imit for how long they can use each app for every day. After they've hit the limit，they won't be able to use the app until the next day. And with another function，the app gets incoming calls silent when the user puts the phone face down.

If people truly want to make full use of their free time instead of losing hours on their phones，these new functions are just one way of doing that.

After all，who needs to use an app to stop you from using other apps? The easiest answer would be just to use your willpower.

( )1. Where does the users' stress come from?

A. Too many updates of the apps.

B. Too many functions of the apps.

C. Too much information they receive.

D. Too much time they spend on the phone.

( )2. Which of the followings is NOT included in Dashboard's functions?

A. It stops the users from using their willpower.

B. It checks how much time the users spend on apps.

C. It lists how many times the users have unlocked the phone.

D. It shows how many times the users have checked social media apps.

( )3. What does the underlined word “limit” in Paragraph 4 mean?

A. 目的

B. 标准

C. 许可

D. 限制

( )4. What does the writer think of Dashboard?

A. Its design is perfect.

B. It may be helpful to some people.

C. It needs more functions.

D. It has too many functions.

Shyness can be an unhappy feeling. But the good news is, you're not alone. Scientists say that more than 40 percent of teenagers and adults consider themselves shy. Shyness is feeling a little nervous or as if you want to hide when you're around other people or in a new situation.

___ Scientists say such things as genetics（遗传基因），life experiences，and environment can influence whether a person is shy. For example, in some families, everybody seems to be shy.

What happens if you are shy? Well, being shy may cause you to avoid or miss opportunities you would enjoy.

How do people overcome (克服)shyness? This is what Gilbert tells us. "When I started off trying to get over being shy, I decided to do little steps at a time, including practicing smiling and saying hi to people. And it worked for me. “

But shyness is not the kind of thing that most people can get over overnight. Overcoming shyness take time

and needs practice.

Here are some tips given by scientists.

Think of what to talk about before you leave home. Prepare things to talk about before you're in a social situation. For example, if you know your classmates are interested in an upcoming event, learn about it so

you can join in the conversations.

Let people know you're shy. If you're shy, just show it. Instead of letting people guess, tell them the truth. Explain that you are shy and feel nervous but enjoy talking to people.

Make things easy f or the other person. Remember, you’re not the only shy person around. Do what you t might help others feel good-for example, say hello or smile.

Pick one social skill to practice at a time. Start simply. For example, smile or be the first person to say hi. Choose skills you feel comfortable enough with to practice for a day, a week, a month, or even a year.

( )1. Which of the following can be put in the blank in Paragraph2?

A. What is shyness?

B. What makes people shy?

C. Can shyness be good for us?

D. Can we overcome shyness?

( )2. The example of Gilbert in Paragraph 4 is given to _____.

A. show how people overcome shyness

B. introduce a shy girl called Gilbert

C. tell the right time to practice smiling

D. explain the steps of overcoming shyness

( )3. What does the underlined word "overnight" in Paragraph 5 most probably mean?

A. Correctly.

B. Suddenly.

C. Slowly.

D. Finally.

( )4. Which of the following is the right way to overcome shyness?

A. Don’t let others know that you are shy.

B. Wait for others to say hello to you first.

C. Choose several skills to practice at a time.

D. Get ready before you join in a social situation.

Possible Earth-L ike Planet Next Door

Scientists say they discovered an earth-l ike planet outside our solar system(太阳系). It is a planet that

could support life.

This planet is just 4.2 light years away from us. It is so close that space scientists have considered it as a next door neighbor. They say it could be reached by an unmanned spaceship before the end of the century—in time for people alive today to see it.

An international team of scientists found the planet moving around the star called “The result came out last month from the scientific magazine Nature.

Scientists have long thought that a planet with water is important for life. And it has to be neither too hot

nor too cold. The newly-discovered planet is a little larger than earth. Scientists have named it Proxima B. It moves around its sun，Proximal Central once every 11 days.

American scientists have been using instruments for years to look for earth-like planets. In 2013，scientists' best guess was that there are about one billion(1,000 million) “earths” in sp Alan Boss is the chairman of a group for outer space research. He said that Proxima B not only confirms(确认) the discovery of a planet，but also increases the number of other possible “earths Boss said it is possible，even likely，that most stars have at least one earth-like planet，which he considers surprising.

So from the early number of a billion，this new research s uggests there may be as many possible

earth-like planets as there are stars in the Galaxy(银河系). That is，anywhere from 250 billion to 500 ．

billion“earths”

This makes the possibility of living things increasingly likely. Boss said he believes human beings will

，” he said，“ but I expect to

be able to show that there is life in places besides earth in his lifetime. “I am 65

still be alive when it happens.”

( )1. When will it be possible for an unmanned spaceship to reach Proximal B?

A. In about eighty years.

B. In about 4.2 years.

C. In about eleven day.

D. In about one billion years.

( )2. In the fourth paragraph，the writer thinks that ________ is necessary for life.

A. water

B. light

C. air

D. wind

( )3. What does t he underlined word “This” stand for in the last paragraph?

A. Scientists have discovered an earth-like planet last month.

B. There are far more earth-like planets than people thought.

C. Proximal B is not far from earth and is just like our neighbor.

D. The Galaxy will be the only place for living things to live in.

？

( )4. What does Alan Boss mean by saying “but I expect to still be alive when it happens

A. His health is in good state and he's sure he will live a long life.

B. Science is developing much faster than ever in recent years.

C. Scientists may soon find fact that there's life on other planets.

D. America is far ahead of other countries in space research.

Beauty sleep is a real thing, researches have shown that people who have enough sleep look more attractive (有魅力的) to others.

A few bad nights is enough to make a person look "especially" more ugly, their sleep experiments show.

The researchers asked 25 university students to join in their sleep experiment. They were asked to get a good night's sleep for two nights.

A week later, they were asked to sleep for only four hours every night for two nights in a row.

The researchers took make-up free (素颜) photos of the volunteers after both the good and the bad sleep.

Next, they asked 122 strangers to have a look at the photos and judge (

评价) them on attractiveness, health, and sleepiness, as well as asking them: "How much would you like to make friends with this person in the picture?"

The strangers were good at judging if the person they were looking at was tired, and, if they were sleepy, their attractiveness score was low.

The strangers also said they wouldn't want to socialize with the tired students. The researchers say this is natural for people. An unhealthy-looking face makes people run away. In other words, people don't want to hang around with people who might be ill.

Dr. Brewer, an expert at the University of Liverpool said "Judgement of attractiveness is often unconscious (无意识的), hut we all do it, and we are able to judge on even something small like whether someone looks tired or unhealthy. This study is a good reminder of how important sleep is to us."

( )1. When did the researchers take make-up free photos?

A. After two nights good sleep.

B. After two nights bad sleep.

C. Before the experiment.

D. After both two nights good sleep and two nights' had sleep.

( )2. The researchers asked the strangers to do the following except _______.

A. telling who looked healthier

B. telling who didn't have many friends

C. telling who missed a lot of sleep

D. telling who was attractive

( )3. What kind of friends did the strangers like to make?

A. The people who were tired.

B. The people who were sleepy.

C. The people who were unhealthy.

D. The people who were attractive and energetic.

( )4. What does the underlined word "socialize "mean in Chinese?

A. 合伙

B. 玩耍

C. 交往

D. 共事

( )5. According to the passage, which of the following is the best title?

A. Beauty sleep, More attractive

B. More sleep, More Friends

C. Less sleep, Fewer friends

D. No attractiveness, No friends

Imagine having a simple app(应用程序) that works like this: When you need help，just open the app，touch the “not OK” button and a text message will be sent to five preselected

(预先选定的) people，along with a location(位置) to show where you are. The message r eads，“Hey，I'm not OK. Please c all me，text_me，or come to find me.”

US teenagers Hannah Lucas,15，and her brother Charlie,13，have created an app called not OK. People just need to pay $1.99(12.5 yuan) each month to use it.

Hannah was inspired(启发) to create the app during a dark time in her life last year. She suffered from a disease that caused her to pass out at school. Other kids sometimes bullied(欺凌) her about this. She felt sad

and wanted to find an app that would allow her to get help when she wasn't feeling OK.

，to find such an app. When they She asked her brother Charlie，whose nickname is “Tech Support”

couldn't find one，they decided to create one themselves.

They came up with some designs for the app first. Charile took a programming class last summer and built a website for the app. Hannah also shared her idea in her summer business class. Some app developers showed interest and decided to help her. At last，the app came out in the US and Canada on January 31.

，”　

Hannah is happy that her app is he lping others. “It makes everything I went through last year worth it she said.

( )1．Who will know you're in trouble when you touch the “not OK” button?

A. Five pres elected people.

B. Five family members.

C. Five app developers.

D. Five close friends.

( )2．What do the underlined words “text me” in Paragraph One probably mean?

A. Send me a report.

B. Send me an email.

C. Send me a message.

D. Send me an exam.

( )3. The main purpose of inventing the app is to allow people________.

A. to build a website

B. to take classes

C. to earn money

D. to ask for help

( )4. The right order of the following statements about the invention of the app is________ .

a. Hannah suffered from a disease last year.

b. Charlie took a programming class last summer.

c. The app came out in the US and Canada in January.

d. Hannah and Charlie failed to find such a useful app.

A. c，d，a，b

B. c，d，b，a

C. a，d，b，c

D. a，d，c，b

( )5. The best words to describe the app are________.

A. simple and helpful

B. pleasant and dangerous

C. expensive and creative

D. interesting and pres elected

Is there an important exam right around the comer? You might be starting to fear, thinking that there' s

no way for you to get a good grade because of the little time left to study. This is something all students may worry about. But you should accept the fact that you have to take the

exam no matter how much you want to avoid it.

Thankfully, there are several ways to help you get at least a passing grade. You may have a try.

Get yourself together.

This might sound like silly advice, but it's actually the most important. When you fear, you may lose

control over your thoughts and actions Even if you try to study, perhaps you won’t get any Enjoy enough sleep.

It's unbelievable many studen ts have little sleep each night. That’s not something to be proud of, e if you're sleeping so little and still failing to do all the things Sleep isn't for the weak, but for the wise. Your

brain needs enough rest. After a good night's sleep, you'll perform much better in the morning.

Don’t fear.

Once the test paper is in front of you don't be afraid. Take a deep breath and start the exam with

confidence(信心). Just like when you were reviewing, put away the problems you’re having diffic come back to them later. If you have time left, go over everything to make sure you haven

careless mistakes.

( )1. In the writers opinion, whenever there's an important exam,___________.

A. students might experience a period of fear

B. students will have little time to worry

C. students should try everything possible to avoid it

D. students have to ask teachers for more help

( )2. The writer describes "get yourself together" as silly advice because___________.

A. it won't influence your thoughts

B. it is one of the common senses

C. it is not the most important suggestion

D. it won’t help you get anything in your head

( )3. Enough sleep before an important exam is____________.

A. the pride of the weak

B. not something to be proud of

C. not necessary for the wise

D. a way to avoid failing in exams

( )4. When you meet with difficult problems in the exam, you can__________.

A. give them up and take a deep breath

B. think hard and review them once again

C. put them away first and come back later

D. just trust yourself and look through the paper

( )5. According to the passage, you may get at least the passing grade if ____________.

A. you fear nothing

B. you follow the writer's advice

C. the problems are not difficult

D. the preparation time lasts longer

，Today is December 15,2030. Influenced by the launch of the first manned mission to Mars next month you will most likely get a gift card for a space trip.

The interest in trips,100km above the surface of the Earth，has grown steadily since such a trip began. However，the market has grown much larger this year since the official announcement of the Mars mission. More low-cost space-lines have entered the market and you can now find flights for such a trip for as low as $3,495. It's very reasonable.

Space tourism(旅游业；观光业)is one of the markets that have developed fast during the last decade，with the opening of the Star bright Hotel on the moon as well as the low orbital hotels that started accepting guests. However，accommodation in space is still expensive for the average household，so the suborbital(亚轨道的) flights with thirty-minute weightlessness during the three-hour flight will for some time be the most popular trip.

太空升降However，the space-lines might in the future face fierce competition between space elevators(

舱)，like the one that is projected to start construction within two years. Once it is fully functional，it will start to ship cargo to space. But it will accept passengers as soon as possible to get back the large investment. Even if the elevator becomes successful，it will take several years before there are more elevators in the world to get in the competition for space traffic with the space-lines.

Those who are looking for a little bit of adventure and have extra money to spend may want to consider

a suborbital flight in space. While a suborbital flight may not be the space mission that you have always dreamed of，it will give you the rare opportunity to see what our planet looks like in a high-altitude flight

，enjoy a suborbital flight first.

outside our atmosphere. So before you enjoy a trip by elevator to space

( )1. From Paragraph 1，what will happen in January,2031?

A. A gift card will be taken to Mars.

B. Mars will be explored for the first time.

C. Man will go to Mars for the first time.

D. An affordable space trip will come true.

( )2. The underlined “average” can most probably be replaced by “________” in this passa

A. common

B. high-income

C. low-cost

D. low-income

( )3. What is the space elevator's purpose in accepting passengers as soon as possible?

A. To ship cargo to space.

B. To get in the competition between space-lines.

C. To start the construction of more space elevators.

D. To get back the large investment.

( )4. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?

A. Space tourism has developed fast during the last ten years.

B. A suborbital fight may be the space mission that you have dreamed of.

C. The suborbital flights will be the most popular trip for some time.

D. Even though the elevator becomes successful，we still wait for a few years to see more elevators

come out.

( )5. We can know from the passage that________.

A. the low orbital hotels have opened since a space trip began

B. within two years，space elevators will begin to ship cargo and people to space

C. during the suborbital fights，you will experience 30 minutes weightlessness

D. if you want to meet your curiosity，you may try a suborbital fight

There's much to see under the sea，but you need to remember that light behaves differently in water than

in air. The objects appear closer to you than they exactly are. You might find yourself reaching out of to touch something and completely missing it.

Objects under water will appear larger than they would on the surface，too. Be careful not to tell any

stories about the big fish that got away. That fish might not be so big after all! It's just because sometimes things can seem to be as much as about 33 percent bigger in water!

What's more，in deeper water，colors just don't seem as bright. In fact，it looks as if some colors are missing. Remember the color of an object results from the wavelengths(波长) of light that are reflected (反射) from its surface. And light is taken in as it moves down through the water.

Swimmers wear wet suits to keep warm underwater. Let's take a bright red，yellow，and blue wet suit as an example. These colors are hard to miss on the surface of water. Watch carefully the changes in color as

，the longest you descend in the water. The red part now looks almost black because the red light wavelengths

among these three colors，are missing. As you go down deeper，the same thing will happen to the yellow part

，you will look terrible，like and in the end to the blue part. Even at a place of about 6 to 9 meters underwater

a ghost(鬼怪)! And you have to wait for your return to the surface to enjoy the bright colors again.

( )1. You miss the object under water when you want to touch it because ________.

A. your eyesight is quite poor

B. you are not quick enough

C. it is not as close as it seems

D. it disappears very quickly

( )2. The example of the wet suit is used to explain the change of ________ of an object underwater.

A. the size

B. the color

C. the position

D. the weight

passage.

( )3. The underlined word “descend” probably means “________” in Chinese in this

A. 上升

B. 酒污

C. 屏息

D. 下潜

( )4. Which of the following is true?

A. A four-meter-long fish looks three meters long underwater.

B. The wavelengths of red light are longer than those of blue light.

C. Much water will be taken in by the swimmer deep in the wave.

D. You will see a ghost if you go as deep as 6 to 9 meters into the sea.

( )5. The best title of this passage is ________.

A. The Standard of Color Underwater

B. The Direction of Light Underwater

C. The Brightness of Color Underwater

D. The Behavior of Light Underwater

Artificial intelligence(人工智能)，or AI in short，is the science of giving computers and machines ability

to think and work like humans. AI scientists and engineers have made a lot of cool technologies.

AI is rapidly catching up with the human ability to read faces. As a result，facial recognition(识别) is

used a lot in the world. Chinese police use this technology to identify criminals(罪犯). Once they caught a criminal when he attended a concert. It also checks the ID of ride-hailing(网约车) drivers and lets people pay

for things with a smile.

AI is also used in self-driving cars，which are believed to be the future of driving. Most drivers may

wave or nod at passers-by to let them cross the street，but self-driving cars don't have this ability. Carmakers

are testing a light signal system to help them “speak” to humans. The system can show what se will do. For example，if a driverless car is yielding(让路)，it will flash two white lights side to side. A rapidly flashing light tells passers-by that the car is about to speed up.

Service Robots also show you how powerful AI is. Imagine this—you come back from school and your

robot housekeeper is waiting for you at the door. After dinner，he teaches you to play the piano，just like a

real music teacher. Such thoughts will soon happen in the real world. In the future，more and more service robots will become good home helpers.

AI is so powerful that it can help human beings and even replace us in many jobs.

( )1. What does the underline d word “identify” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?

A. To let somebody know his mistakes.

B. To come to realize and tell who is who.

C. To take somebody to the police station.

D. To inform somebody of something important.

( )2. According to the passage，what is facial recognition used for?

A. Driving cars.

B. Making people smile.

C. Calling the police.

D. Checking people's information.

( )3. Which technology has been used in real life according to the passage?

A. Service Robots at school.

B. Robots as ride-h ailing drivers.

C. Facial recognition for payment.

D. Light signals for self-driving cars.

( )4. What can we learn from the passage?

A. People use AI in many different ways.

B. AI will take the place of human beings in all jobs.

C. Self-driving cars will be able to talk like humans.

D. A criminal was caught for inventing facial recognition.

Would you like to live in a city where buildings turn the lights off for you，and self-driving cars will find

the nearest parking space themselves? Although it might sound a little far from you，living in a “smart” cit like this could happen sooner than you think.

，while completely new cities Great changes have taken place in towns that we have lived in for centuries

(远

are being built. One such place is the city of Songdo. Every home there will have a “telepresence” sy 程遥控系统)—allowing users to control the heating and locks，take part in video meetings，and receive education，health care and government services. Around the city，escalators(自动扶梯) will only move when someone is on them，and offices and schools will all be connected to the system.

The great mind behind Songdo is from the company Cisco. In fact，technology companies around the world such as IBM，Siemens and Microsoft are already in the business.

About 75% of the world's population will live in cities by 2050，so cities will need to be more modern to

，and I think this will in turn make

deal with the coming problems. “Making cities smarter is one way out

cities greener，” said Dan Hill，head of a research company.

( )1. According to the text，living in a “smart” city ________.

A. is not a green way

B. will be far from you

C. will soon become true

D. is completely impossible

( )2. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?

A. A city of the future.

B. A meeting in Songdo.

C. A plan to build a house.

D. A report on public health.

( )3. Which company offers the great mind to build Songdo?

A. Cisco.

B. IMB.

C. Siemens.

D. Microsoft.

( )4. Dan Hill thinks that making cities smarter is one way to ________.

A. drive people out of cities

B. control the world's population

C. develop his own company

D. solve the cities' coming problems

( )5. Which of the following might be the best title for the text?

A. Future Education

B. Smart Cities

C. Government Services

D. Famous Companies

Some primary schoolchildren have been raised in homes with more green space around. They are likely to come with larger volumes of white and grey matter in certain areas o f the brain. These differences are associated(关联) with beneficial effects on cognitive function(认知功能). This is the main conclusion of a study led by the Barcelona Institute for Global Health.

The study was performed among 253 schoolchildren in Spain. Lifelong exposure(接触) to green space

in the living places was recorded—using the information on the children's addresses from birth up through to the time of the study. Brain structure was studied using 3D magnetic resonance i maging(MRI). Working memory and inattentiveness(注意力不集中) were graded with computers.

“This is the first study that shows t he association between long-t erm exposure to green space and brain

，the leading researcher of the study，“Our findings suggest that exposure structure.” says Dr. Payam Dadvand

to green space early in life could result in beneficial structural changes in the brain.”

The findings show that long-term exposure to greenness i s positively associated w ith white and grey matter volumes in several parts of the brain. Some of them are related to higher scores on cognitive tests. Moreover，larger volumes of white and gray matter in those parts might lead to better working memory and less inattentiveness.

Exposure to nature has been thought to be necessary for brain development in children. Another study of 2,593 children shows that children in schools with more green space have a greater increase in working memory and a greater decrease in inattentiveness.

Humans are believed to be tied to nature. Playing in greener areas offers children opportunities to search

，creativity and risk and learn. Accordingly, green space is thought to prompt important exercises in discovery

taking. These exercises in turn positively influence brain development.

Dr. Dadvand's study suggests how such structural changes c ould bring about the beneficial effects of green space on cognitive development. It also adds to the proof that suggests the lasting effects of early life exposure to greenness on our health and the benefits of increasing greenness in cities.

Further studies are needed to prove the findings in other population，settings and climates. And researchers need to examine differences according to the nature and quality of green space.

( )1．The second paragraph is mainly about________.

A. how the study was performed

B. what was recorded in the study

C. how long the study lasted

D. who took part in the study

( )2．The word “prompt” in Paragraph 6 probably means “________”

．

A. control

B. encourage

C. balance

D. change

( )3．What can we learn from the passage?

A. Working memory influences white and grey matter in the brain.

B. Dr. Dadvand stressed the importance of changing the environment.

C. Studies proved the influence of greenness on populations out of Spain.

D. Living in greener neighborhoods benefits children in brain development.

2019年中考英语专项练习—阅读理解之科普知识与现代科技

参考答案

A篇DBCDC

B篇DCB

C篇ABDC

D篇DADAB

E篇BABD

F篇AABC

G篇DBDCA

H篇ACDCA

I篇ABDCB

J篇DADDC

K篇CBDBD

L篇BDCA

M篇CAADB

N篇ABD

阅读下面短文，用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空(必要时可加情态动词或助动词)

It was Sunday morning. Bus No.1 was going along Binjiang Road. All the passengers on the bus were

happy because they could enjoy a nice day.

Suddenly the driver saw an old man 1. (lie) on the side of the road. A woman next to him 2. (ask) for a ride. The bus driver stopped the bus and asked the woman what happened. She said that the

man had a heart problem and he 3. (go) to see a doctor at once. The driver knew he had to help the old who are in need of help. He told the passengers 4. (get) off and wait for the next bus. But to his surprise, they all 5. (agree) to go with him. Some passengers helped the bus driver to move the

man onto the bus.

Thanks to the bus driver and the passengers, the man 6. (save). When the driver saw others in trouble, he 7. (try) his best to help them. To our joy, now there are more and more people like the

driver, and they 8. (do) what they can to help others.

As we all know, helping and taking good care of the old 9. (be) one of Chinese good traditions. If everyone can give a hand to help others, our world 10. (become) much more harmonious(和谐的)．1.lying 2.was asking 3.should/must go/had to go4．to get 5.agreed 6.was saved7.tried

8．are doing/can do9.is10.will become

Liu Xu was robbed(抢劫)! The 13yearold boy 1. (ride) home when a man suddenly jumped out from the roadside. He 2. (pull) Liu off his bike and rode away.

Liu was scared(害怕), but he 3. (not run) after the robber. He found a telephone and called the

police at 110.

“Safety is the priority(要务) in such a situation，”　L iu said, 4.(remember) what his teacher had told him in his first aid(急救) class. “It is not safe 5.(run) after an adult who is much stronger than you.”

Liu is a junior student at Binzhou Middle School in Shandong. His school is one of the first in China to

have compulsory(必修的) first aid education. Junior students at the school 6. (take) the class once

a week.

Teenage safety 7. (become) a serious issue recently. According to a 2004 survey, about 16,000

teenagers 8. (die) in accidents in China every year. An average of 40 students die every day from

drowning(溺水), food poisoning and traffic accidents.

“The teacher told us that we should try 9.(not go) out alone, especially at night. If someone 10.

(try) to do bad things to us, we may hit their eyes or noses. Then we should quickly run into a crowded

place，” said Zhong Hua, a 13yearold girl.

1.was riding

2.pulled

3.didn't run4．remembering 5.to run 6.must take7．has become8.die9.not to go 10.tries

Now it's time for our weekly competition. Last week's prize of two theater tickets 1. (win) by Bill Martins. Congratulations, Bill! I hope you 2. (receive) your tickets by now. This week we are

offering a classical(经典的) CD to the first listener who can name the piece of music and the person who

wrote it. I 3. (play) the piece of music in a few minutes, but before I do, you need 4. (get) a pencil and a piece of paper, as I'm going to give you some help which should make your job a little easier.Listen carefully and you might be this week's lucky winner.

中考英语阅读训练

中考英语阅读训练（001） This is a talk by a London taxi(出租车)driver. "I've been a taxi driver for nearly ten years. Most London taxi drivers have their own taxis." "It's a nice job most of time. you meet a lot of people. I always work at night, because there is too much traffic during the day. I live twenty miles(英里)outside London and I go to work at 5:30 in the afternoon." "I usually go home between 2 and 3 in the morning." "Some very strange things happened late at night .The other day I was taking a woman home from a party .She had her little dog with her. When we got to her house, she found that she had lost her key. So I waited in the car with the dog while she climbed in through the windows." "I waited and waited. After half an hour of ringing the bell I decided to find out what was going on .I tied the dog to a tree and started to climb in through the window. The next thing I knew was that the police came. They thought I was a thief(小偷). Luckily the woman came downstairs(下楼).She must have gone to sleep and forgotten about me and the dog!" 1.The driver always worked at night because it was easier to _____. A. drive B. make money ? C. climb in through the window D. meet a lot of people 2.The woman climbed in through the window because _____. A. she wanted to have a sleep B. her husband didn't open the door for her C. she didn't want to pay the driver D. she couldn't find her key 3.The story happened _____. A. early in the morning B. late at night C.20 miles outside London D. near the police station 4.Which of the following is wrong? A. The driver worked until between 2 and 3 in the morning. B. The police made a mistake. C. The woman had no money to pay the driver. D. The woman had forgotten about the driver and the dog.

2019年中考英语阅读完型专项训练

2019年中考英语阅读完型专项训练 (名师详细剖析解题技巧+专项练习，建议下载练习) （一）语法一、代词代词易错点清单 1. 代词的主格和宾格混淆。 Look! These red apples are all for he. 看，这些红苹果都是给他的。解析：代词he在介词for的后面作宾语，应用代词的宾格形式。he的宾格形式是him，所以把he改为him。改后：Look! These red apples are all for him. 2. 形容词性和名词性物主代词的用法混淆。 The big yellow pears belong to me; the rest small ones are his and her. 这些大黄梨是我的，其余小的是他和她的。解析：本题是考查名词性物主代词的用法，his既可以是形容词性物主代词，也可以是名词性物主代词。而her是形容词性物主代词，要和名词连用。所以应该用名词性物主代词hers。改后：The big yellow pears belong to me; the rest small ones are his and hers. 3. 反身代词和人称代词相混淆。 Who taught your sister English? Nobody. She learned it all by her. 谁教你姐姐英文的？没有人。她全靠自己学的。解析：从句子的意思理解，介词by后应该用反身代词表示“某人自己独自做某事”。所以把her改为herself。改后：Who taught your sister English? Nobody. She learned it all by herself. 4. 反身代词人称和数与它所指的名词或代词不一致。 Boys and girls! Enjoy yourself!

中考英语阅读理解及答案

I In the early 1990s,the word” Internet” was strange to most people. But today, Internet has become a useful tool for people all over the world. Maybe Internet has been the greatest invention in the field of communication in the history of mankind（人类） Communicating with others on the Internet is much faster. We can chat with a person who is sitting in the other part of the world. We can e-mail our friends and they can read the e-mails within a minute. Giving all kinds of information is probably the biggest advantage of the Internet. We can use search engines to find the information we need. Just type in a keyword or keywords and the search engine will give us a list of suitable websites to look at. We can enjoy a lot on the Internet by downloading games, visiting chat rooms or surfing （浏览）websites. There

中考英语阅读理解专项训练

中考英语阅读理解专项训练【知识点睛】一、中考阅读理解命题特点题型上来看：着重考察学生对整篇文章的把握，侧重考查学生根据语境进行语篇分析和综合利用有效信息解决实际问题的能力体裁上来看：涉及记叙文、夹叙夹议文、议论文、说明文和应用文；题材内容涉及英语国家文化的多个领域，并逐步增加广告、海报、图画、表格等实用文体阅读量上看：逐年增加难度上来看：增加了难度，超过了大纲规定的3%的生词率二、中考阅读课标要求义务教育英语课程标准指出：阅读是搜集处理信息、认识世界、发展思维、获得审美体验的重要途径。因此，阅读理解在中考中所占的比例、分值越来越大，主要考查考生通过文字获取信息的能力，阅读速度要求达到每分钟60—80词。选材范围越来越广，除故事、人物轶事外，科普性文章和社会热点话题也多了起来；体裁也趋于多样化，有记叙文、说明文、应用文、议论文等，有时还考查考生理解及解释图表所提供的简单信息的能力；阅读材料丰富多彩，融知识性、趣味性、科学性于一体，既对学生阅读理解能力起着评价作用，又能增长知识、开阔视野。国家英语课程要求从3年级起开设英语课程，课程标准中的第五级为9年级，也就是初中毕业参加中考时应达到的基本要求。其中对学生“读”的能力做了如下要求： 1. 能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义。 2. 能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系。 3. 能找出文章中的主题，理解故事的情节，预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局。 4. 能读懂相应水平的常见体裁的读物。 5. 能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息。 6. 能利用词典等工具书进行阅读。 7. 课外阅读量应累计达到15万词以上。三、解题步骤第一步：读题，把握出题动向第二步：带着问题速读文章，简单标记题目______________ 第三步：________文中信息，对相关信息进行划线标注第四步：检查核对四、阅读题型和做题方法 1、细节理解题做题方法：利用题目的______________，寻找文中______________，在对应词周围找答案或直接在文中搜索答案，对号入座。它一般是由特殊疑问词what, when, where, how, why, who, which等提问出现，可以直接找到答案。（答案往往不是文中原句） 2、猜测词义题

3 中考英语阅读完型专项练习精品版(附答案)

完型填空。 A father and his daughter were flying a kite in the park. The young daughter was a little bit tired，so they took a __1__on the bench. When the daughter saw an old man selling apples，she asked her father to buy her an apple. Her father didn't bring much money with him，but it was enough to buy two apples. So he did，and gave __2__ of them to his daughter，smiling. His daughter held one apple in her left hand and the other in the right hand. Then the father asked her if she could __3__ one of the apples with him. When the girl heard this，she quickly took a bite from one apple. And before her father could speak，she also took a bite from the __4__apple. The father was __5__. He wondered what mistake he made so that his daughter acted in such a greedy way. He was lost in thought. Perhaps he was just thinking too much，his daughter was too__6__ to understand about sharing and giving. A smile disappeared from his face. Suddenly，his daughter with an apple in her left hand said. “Daddy，have this one! It is much juicier and__7__.”Her father was speechless. He felt__8__ about making the judgment so quickly about a small child. But his smile __9__ knowing why his daughter quickly took a bite from each apple. Don't judge anything or draw a conclusion too quickly.__10__ spare some more time to understand things better. 1. A. walk B. shower C. break 2. A. both B. either C. neither 3. A. cut B. wash C. share 4. A. first B. second C. third 5. A. satisfied B. surprised C. moved 6. A. brave B. silly C. young 7. A. sweeter B. bitterer C. saltier 8. A. proud B. great C. bad 9. A. went away B. came back C. ran off 10. A. Always B. Never C. Seldom 阅读理解。 A People often think of the North Pole(北极) and the South Pole as similar frozen wastelands. They are both places with very cold temperatures and few people live there. However, the North and South Poles are not much alike as people may imagine. The North Pole has no land, only thick ice. Temperatures seldom go above 32°F, at which water turns into ice. Most of the time, it stays below zero. In winter temperatures are usually as low as -30℉. Although conditions were very poor, people tried for many centuries to reach the North Pole. About 100 years ago, two men, Robert Peary and Mathew Henson, were able to get to this environment full of troubles and difficulties. They reached the North Pole on March 8th, 1909. It was really a hard trip for them.

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中考阅读及完型高频词汇总结actv.行动，表演 achievevt.完成；达到vi.达到目的 acceptvt./ vt.接受；承认；容纳同意； admirevi./vt.钦佩；赞美 affectvt.影响,感动 affordvt.给予，提供；买得起 agreementn.协定,协议,同意 aimn.目标，目的 allowvt.允许,准许 amazinga.令人惊讶的 ambulancen.救护车,野战医院 amountn.总数,数量,总和 appearvi.出现；似乎；显得； appearancen.外貌，外观；出现，露面applicationn.请求,申请,施用 againstprep.反对，违反；靠；倚；防备 adj.对立的；晦气的 articlen.文章,条款,物品 ashamedadj.羞耻的 at least至少，最低限度

athletica.运动的；竞技的 averagen.平衡数a.平衡的 avoidvt.避免；避开，躲避；消除 battlen.战役,斗争vi.作战 backward(s)adj.向后的；反向的； adv.相反地；向后地 forward(s)adv.前进地；向前； adj.向前方的；（社会、政治）进步的 basicadj.基本的；基础的n.基础；要素 beatvt.打；打败vi.打；打败；拍打 benefitn.利益，好处 vt.有益于，对…有益vi.受益 blamevt.责备,把…归咎于 blinda.瞎的,盲目的 bombv.轰炸n.炸弹 botherv.打扰 breathev.呼吸 bullyn. / v.欺负 cagen.笼,鸟笼,囚笼celebrationn.庆祝，祝贺 certainadj.确信的；有把握的pron.某些；某几个chainn.链,链条,项圈challengen.挑战

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中考英语阅读理解练习题及答案（A） In the world ,soccer of football is the most popular sport. This is because many countries have wonderful teams for the World Cup. The World Cup is held every four years. To remember 2002 FIFA World Cup ,children from different countries and more than 60 children from Japanese schools came together and spent three weekends drawing a big picture called “Dream(梦幻) World Cups ”in Japan .The children drew animals, flowers and people playing soccer under a bule bright sky. They wished each football team good luck by drawing the flags(旗帜)of all the countries that will take part in the World Cup in Japan and South Korea.The picture was put up in a park near a playground in Yokohama .Some football teams will have games there. Are you a football fan(迷)？The World Cup makeds more and more people interested in football Teenagers(青少年)like playing and watching football .Many of them love some football stars so much that they get the

中考英语阅读理解4

Crazy Reading 4 Calling My Air Conditioner Think about the following questions. 1．How many of your friends have cell phones? 2．What kind of things can we do with cell phones? 3．Why do you think people would call their air conditioners? Write the letter of the word or phrase with the same meaning as the underlined word. 1．_____ Can you imagine a new kind of robot? 2．________ The machine can talk with you? That’s impossible! 3．________ The inventor created a new device to control air conditioners. 4．________As science develops, new and better machines are made. 5．_______Today, many people communicate with cell phones. 6．______Read the instructions before you use the new machine. 7．______The elevator will close automatically. 8．______ He opened the door and entered the room. Cell phones are all around us. We use cell phones to call our friends, send text messages, play games, and even take photographs. Now imagine using your cell phone to call your air conditioner. Then you could tell your air conditioner to turn on before you got home. Does this sound impossible to you? Well, it could become possible sooner than you think. In the near future, we might use cell phones like remote controls for the electrical devices in our homes. People are already working to develop various ways to communicate wirelessly with devices we use every day. For example, it is already possible for cell phones to communicate with laptop computers Businesspeople using laptops during meetings can use their cell phones like remote controls. They can use their cell phones to send instructions to computers to turn on , change pictures, and turn off. With the same technology, people can use their cell phones to control other devices. You can

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一、中考英语阅读理解汇编 1．阅读下面的材料，判断下列句子是否符合短文内容。 More and more people are using mobile phones now. Smart phones are used as televisions, cameras, and music players. They are also used for sending e-mails or surfing the Internet. If someone talks about mobile phones, many Chinese will think of Huawei. In China, even in the world, Huawei is a wonder （奇迹）. Ren Zhengfei built up （创建）Huawei company in 1987. The company sold 58.4 million smart phones in the first season of 2019. Huawei has got the second place at the mobile market. Now, Huawei has been the leader in 5G field. It has more than 75, 000 top engineers and scientists on research. They try their best to bring digital （数码） and high technology to every person and place. It's more convenient for modern people to live in a rapid way. What a useful technology 5G is! We are looking forward to seeing a stronger Huawei. It provides a faster and better communication way for us. It also brings "Created in China" to the world. （1）You can use Huawei mobile phones to take photos. （2）Ren Zhengfei set up Huawei company in 1987. （3）Huawei has got the first place at the mobile market. （4）Few top engineers and scientists work on research in Huawei company. （5）Huawei gives us a slower communication way. 【答案】（1）1 （2）1 （3）0 （4）0 （5）0 【解析】【分析】短文大意：这篇短文讲的是华为手机和5G技术的发展情况。（1）细节理解题。根据Smart phones are used as televisions, cameras, and music players. 智能手机被用作电视、相机和音乐播放器。可知可以照相。故答案为：正确。（2）细节理解题。根据Ren Zhengfei built up （创建） Huawei company in 1987。任正非于1987年创建华为公司。故答案为：正确。（3）细节理解题。根据Huawei has got the second place at the mobile market. 华为在移动市场排名第二。故华为在移动市场上占据第一。故答案为：错误。（4）细节理解题。根据It has more than 75, 000 top engineers and scientists on research. 它

中考英语专项复习完型阅读及填词含答案-1

Jack worked in an office in a big city and often went to a small but comfortable restaurant to have his lunch. One Monday, when he went to the table at which he usually _______, he saw that there was a new _______ in the restaurant. She was very young and looked rather hot and _______. Jack sat down, and when the waitress came to him, he _______ some vegetable soup. The new waitress wrote this down in a little notebook and went to _______ it in the kitchen. There were a lot of people in the restaurant, and the new girl was very _________, but at last she came to Jack with a plate on a large dish. She ______ the plate down in front of him, and he saw that it was not the _______ soup which he had asked for, but some fish and potatoes. The waitress was getting ready to _______ again, but Jack stopped her, “Miss,”he said, “I did not order fish and potatoes, I ordered vegetable soup.” “Oh,” she answered, “I thought that you asked for fish.” “No,” said Jack, “Look at the notebook which you wrote my order in and you will see that I ordered vegetable soup.” The new waitress looked _______ in her little notebook, and at last she found Jack?s order. “…Table No 24?, she read out, “One vegetable soup. Yes, I am sorry, I got ________. I shall change it.” She put the notebook down on Jack?s table, took out her pencil, _______ the words “vegetable soup”and wrote “fish and potatoes”