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2011中考英语考前错题本 (A字母篇) 2

2011中考英语考前错题本 (A 字母篇)

Aa

[误] I think it is an useful English dictionary.

[正] I think it is a useful English dictionary.

[析] 在不定冠词a 与an 的用法中要注意的一点是:an 用在以元音开头的词之前;而a 则用在以辅音开头的词之前。要特别注意的是以u 字母打头的单词,如useful,university 等,其第一个音标是[j ],所以要特别予以注意。

[误] I need a hour to finish this letter.

[正] I need an hour to finish this letter.

[析] 要注意hour 和honest 的第一个字母不发音。

[误] My teacher is a unknown man, but he is a very good man.

[正] My teacher is an unknown man, but he is a very good man.

[析] 要注意以u 打头的单词,它的发音为[]时,单数名词前要用an ,如uncle 等。

[误] There is a "f" in the word "football".

[正] There is an "f" in the word "football".

[析] 英文字母单独使用时,如其第一个发音是元音时,其前面的不定冠词应该用an 而不是a.

[误] I have a little brother. He is a 8year old boy.

[正] I have a little brother. He is an 8year old boy.

[析] 要注意这些字母的第一个发音为元音,如eight, eleven 等。

able

[误] This bike is able to be repaired.

[正] This bike can be repaired.

[析] be able to 主要表达某事或某人具有某种能力去作某事,应译为"有本领"、"有能力"、"可以"作某事,如:I'm able to swim across this river. 而can 可以用来表示具有接受能力或吸收能力。如:This radio can be repaired

here.

about

[误] This class is about to begin just now.

[正] This class is about to begin.

[析] 要注意be about to 是"将要"的意思,含有将来时之意,不要与表示过去时的时间状语连用。另外,be about to 一般用作书面语,对应的口语是be going to.

About/ on

about 与on 都可以作"关于"讲,但却有所不同,例如: This book is about physics. 应译为"这是一本关于物理学的科普读物。"而:

This book is on physics.则应译为"这是一本物理学方面的专著。"

above

[误] The temperature is five degrees over zero.

[正] The temperature is five degrees above zero.

[析] 表达"在……上方"时,above 与over 是可以互换的,如:

The sky is above(or over)our heads.

但是要表达在垂直方向上的上方时则应用above 不可用over ,如:

The sun has risen above the horizon.

[误] There is often thick cloud above the South of China in summer.

[正] There is often thick cloud over the South of China in summer.

[析] 当表达覆盖之意时,只可用over 而不能用above.

[误] There is a bridge above the river.

[正]There is a bridge over the river.

[析]用来表达"从……上方越过"时不能用above只能用over,如:

The plane flew over the city.

但要注意There is waterfall above the bridge. 则应译为"在桥的上游有一个瀑布。"

across

[误]He ran across the wood.

[正]He ran through the wood.

[析]across是指某一动作在一平面内进行,而through则是指该动作在一三维立体空间的运动过程。如:The man came in through the window. He walked across the square.

across的主要用法有两个。

其一,意为"对面",如:There is a school just across the street.

其二,意为"横过",如:He walked across the street.

afraid

[误]I dont't afraid of him.

[正]I am not afraid of him.

[析]要注意"害怕"afraid一词在英语中不是动词,而是形容词,要与be动词连用。

after

[误]Two weeks after he left.

[正]Two weeks later he left.

[正]He left after two weeks.

[析]要表达"在多少时间之后",英语中有两种表达法,即:用later时,要时间在前,如three hours later; 而用after时要时间在后,如after three hours.

[误]My father will be back after a few hours.

[正]My father will be back in a few hours.

[析]受中文的影响,这个介词常常被误用。当你要表达在一段时间内某个动作可以完成时,一定要用in,而不能用after,因为after是指在某一时间之后。例如:This work will be done in two days. 即表明在两天

内这一工作一定会做完。而如用了after,即表示在两天之后,完成的时间是不确定的。

After/ behind

after多用于表示顺序的前后,如:She walked in the line after Tom. 或用来表示"追赶",表示一种动态,如:He ran after Mary.

而behind多用于强调先进与落后,如:She is much behind the other girls in sewing. 或者用于表达"迟于",如:The train was ten minutes behind the time table. 或者与表示静态的动词连用,如:She hid herself behind the flowers.

afternoon

[误]He worked very hard in a hot afternoon.

[正]He worked very hard on a hot afternoon.

[析]习惯用的词组in the afternoon, 如果加入任何修饰词后其前面的介词in都要改为on,不论其修饰词在前还是在后,如:He swam in this river on the afternoon of June lst. 又如:Are you free on Sunday afternoon?

against

[误]He against me.

[正]He is against me.

[析]要注意against意为"反对",但它在英文中却不是动词,而是介词,如要讲反对某事或某人时则要

加动词be,如:He is against somebody/something.

Against/ for

against意为"反对"、"不赞成";而for则意为"同意",为其反意词。如:Are you for or against the plan?

age

[误]He is twenty years old of age.

[正]He is twenty.

[正]He is twenty years old.

[正]He is at the age of twenty.

ago

[误]Tom's father has been dead five years ago.

[正]Tom's father died five years ago.

[析]ago意为由说话时算起,若干时间以前。它只能和一般动词过去时连用,而不要与完成时连用。

[误]Yesterday I met a friend. We didn't see each other for a long time since we left the college twenty years ago.[正]Yesterday I met a friend. We hadn't seen each other for a long time since we left the college twenty years ago.

析]要注意的是在本句是ago是用在由since引起的从句之中,只是从句应用过去时,但不影响主句的时态。

agree

[误]Does the teacher agree to us?

[正]Does the teacher agree with us?

[误]Does he agree with our plan?

[正]Does he agree with us?

[析]a gree with 指"同意某人的提议、建议、计划"等。如果要讲同意某项计划则要用agree to, 如:Do you agree to the plan?

all

[误]The old man has two sons. All of them are workers.

[正]The old man has two sons. Both of them are workers.

[析]all是指三者或以上的全部,而both则是指"两者都"。

[误]The all children are playing football now.

[正]All the children are playing football now.

[析]all作修饰词时其位置要在所有的修饰词之前,不论这些修饰词是定冠词、指示代词、形容词或名

词,或代词的所有格。

[误]You all are right.

[正]Yo u are all right.

[析]all作同位语时其位置要置于be动词之后,实意动词之前,如:The teachers all work hard. 或用于

第一助动词之后,如:The boys have all been waiting for their mothers.

almost

[误]Nearly nobody thinks he is right.

[正]Almost nobody thinks he is right.

[析]nearly与almost是近意词,其含意差别不大,但是与否定词连用时要用almost, 例如:She brought almost no money with her. 此句中的almost不能用nearly替换。

alone

[误]The old man lived lone but he didn't feel lonely.

[正]The old m an lived alone, but he didn't feel lonely.

[析]alone, lone, lonely 三个词全具有"孤单、孤独"之意。但其用法不同:lone可以作定语,而alone则

只能作表语,lonely则多指感情上与感觉上的孤独。

already

[误]We are already for the work.

[正]We are all ready for the work.

[析]already 是副词,其意为"已经",如:He already knew about it. 而all ready为形容词意为"准备好"。

already \yet

already多用于肯定句中,例如:The students have already finished the work.

而yet则多用于疑问句与否定句中,如:Have you finished it yet? I haven't finished it yet.

also

[误]I didn't find the dictionary also.

[正]I didn't find the dictionary either.

[析]作为"也"讲,在否定句中要用either而不能用also.

Also\ too

also与too都可用在肯定句中表示"也",但also通常用于be动词或情态动词之后,如:I can also do it myself.

而too一般放于句尾。I'll attend his class, too.

always

[误]Always he asked himself why he had come here.

[正]He always asked himself why he had come here.

[析]always一般不能用于句首,它在一般句中的位置是于动词之前第一助动词之后,如:I've always thought

he is honest. 又如:He is alw ays late.

among

[误]If the three apples are divided among the two boys how much will each receive?

[正]If the three apples are divided among the three boys how much will each receive?

[析]among常用于三个事物或人物之间,而between则多用于两者之间。

an

[误]This is an useful dictionary.

[正]This is a useful dictionary.

[析]详见a条。

and

[误]He did not speak loudly and clearly.

[正]He did not speak loudly nor clearly.

[误]Our school is not in New York and Chicago, but in Boston.

[正]Our school is not in New York or Chicago, but in Boston.

[析]"和"这一概念在肯定句中应用and,但在否定句中则要用or

angry

[误]My mother was angry to me.

[正]My mother was angry with me.

[误]He was angry with what I said.

[正]He was angry at what I said.

[析]要注意be angry后面如果接人,表示"对某人生气不满"时应用be angry with somebody. 但要接事

物时要用be angry at something.

another

[误]I ha ve two sisters, one in America and another in English.

[正]I have two sisters, one in America and the other in English.

[析]要注意英语中another, other, the other, the others, others的不同用法,现分别说明如下:

1.another作形容词其意为:泛指的另一个或再一个,别的,类似的。一般在句中作定语,如:

This is not good enough, please show me another one.

another还可以作为代词用,如:One student said:"I want to play basketball."another said:"I want to play football."

2.other作形容词其意为"泛指其余的,别的"。如:I have other books besides these. 又如:Ask some other people please.

3.the other则为特指,作形容词时其后面可接单数或复数名词,如:She has two flowers. One is white, the other one is yellow. (特指,单数)又如:There are fifty students in our class, twenty five are boys, the other students are girls. (特指,复数)但当the other作为代词时,它代表的可以是单数,也可以是复数,如:He has a book in one hand, and a pen in the other. (单数)又如:There are some people in the room. Four are girls, the other(复数)are boys. 要注意的是当the other作主语时,其后面的谓语动词要视具体情况而定,它可能是单数,也可能是复数。

4.others则只能作代词,其意为other ones即为:泛指某些,某一部分人或物,如:Each of us must think of others. the others只能作为代词,它是特指某一些人或物,如:I know only one or two of the students; the others are unknown to me.

answer

[误]Someone is knocking at the door. Please reply the door bell.

[正]Someone is knocking at the door, Please answer the door bell.

[析]answer与reply是近意词,作为及物动词用时有时二者是可以互换的,如:The student answered/replied that he wanted to watch TV. 但在某些特定场合则不易互换。作为应答之意时则多用answer,如:You should

answer to your name. Pl ease answer my letter as soon as possible. Answer my question in English.

any

[误]Do you have some questions?

[正]Do you have any questions?

[析]some一般要用于肯定句,而any则用于否定句或疑问句。

[误]China is larger than any other countries in Asia.

[正]China is larger than any other country in Asia.

[析]要注意any other 其后要跟单数名词,但any of the other 其后要接复数名词。China is larger than any of the other countries in Asia.

[误]Here are some books; you can choose anyone of these.

[正]Here are some books; you can choose any one of these.

[析]anyone只能指人,而any one即可指人也可以指物。

around

[误]The nine planets go around of the sun.

[正]The nine planets go around the sun.

[析]around后面不要再加介词,如:The sun shines all around us.

Around/ round

作介词用的around与round通常可以互换,只不过美语常用around,而英语常用round,例如:

You can see the post office round/around that corner. (绕过那个弯你就可以看到邮局。

但是一定要区别它们的不同之处:round可以用作形容词、副词、介词、动词、名词;而around只能用作副词或介词。例如:The post office is just round (around) the house (用作介词). He has round face (用作形容词). The river rounded the stones. (用作动词)

arrive

[误]I arrived Beijing the day before yesterday.

[正]I arrived in Beijing the day before yesterday.

[正]I reached Beijing the day before yesterday.

[误]He arrived in the school at 11∶00.

[正]He arrived at the school at 11∶00.

[析]arrive为不及物动词,当到达的是较大的地理区域时用介词in,而到达较小的地方时则用at,如:

arrive in New York, arrive at the village.

arrive /reach/ get

arrive如上所述是不及物动词,而reach则是及物动词。如:How did you reach the school this morning? 而

get可用作不及物动词,作"到达"讲时其后面多与to连用。如:When did you get to New York?

as

[误]This man works in the bank for a manager.

[正]This man works in the bank as a manager.

[析]as与for有时是可以通用的。如:This room is used as (for) a classroom. 但是用来指官衔、职位时只能用as.

[误]My brother is so taller as Tom.

[正]My brother is as tall as Tom.

[析]as… as之间只能用形容词与副词的原级,而不能用比较级。在否定句中可以用so…as,也可以用as…as,但在肯定句中只能用as…as,如:He is not so tall as Tom.

[误]I'll give him the note as soon as he will come.

[正]I'll give him the note as soon as he comes.

[析]as soon as所引导的状语从句中应使用一般时态表示将来。

ask

[误]The student asked a question to the teacher.

[正]The student asked the teacher a question.

[析]ask应接双宾语,即ask somebody something.

[误]They asked some books.

[正]They asked for some books.

[析]向某人要求某物时应用ask somebody for something或ask for something from somebody, 如:He asked his mother for some money. 或He asked for some money from his mother.

asleep

[误]He is deeply asleep.

[正]He is fast asleep.

[析]要讲"熟睡",就要用fast来修饰asleep。另外,在英语中一般不讲somebody is sleeping而要用asleep。关于睡觉这一词的惯用法还有:go to sleep(如:The old man usually goes to sleep at ten.),fall asleep(如:I fell asleep at English class yesterday.)

at

[误]It will really do you no harm quite.

[正]It will really do you no harm at all.

[析]at all和quite的汉语意思均为"全然"、"确定的",但at all适用于否定句,例如:

-I'm sorry. I'm late.-No trouble at all.

又如:I don't think it is right at all. 而quite则适用于肯定句,例如:He is quite a good teacher.

[误]The children play football for lunch.

[正]The children play football at lunch.

[析]英语中的at lunch为"在吃午饭时"。这种惯用法还有at work(在工作),at table(在吃饭),at desk(在学习)。而for lunch则是为午饭而准备的食物,又如:We had some milk for breakfast.

[误]There is a post office in the corner of the street.

[正]There is a post office at the corner of the street.

[析]at the corner是指墙外面的角,而in the corner是指建筑物内部的角落。例如:There is a computer in the corner of the room. There is a street lamp at the corner of the street.

at /in /on

在表示时间时用来表示具体钟点用at,如:He will be back at six.

表示一天的上、下午时要用in,如:I usually get up at six in the morning.

但要注意的是,in the morning和in the afternoon这两个词组中如果加入了任何修饰词,其介词要换为on,如:on the cold morning, on the hot afternoon.又如:See you on Monday morning.

如讲到具体的某一天,要用on, 如:on Sunday, 如:I usually want to visit my mother on Sundays.

在谈到周、月、季、年时要用in,如:All the children will be happy in Easter week. He was born in July.

但要注意在泛指圣诞节、复活节、感恩节时都用at, 如:Where are you going at Easter.

2011中考英语考前错题本(B字母篇)

back

[误]I'm sorry. I have to back home.

[正]I'm sorry. I have to go back home.

[正]I'm sorry. I have to go home.

[析]back用作"回到(某处)"之意,不是动词。

be

[误]Where do you from?

[正]Where are you from?

[析]"你从何处来"应为Where are you from?或Where do you come from? 但要注意这两句话均是问对方从哪个国家来的。要是口语中问"你是从什么地方来?"应讲Where did you come from? 回答用I came from the

library.

beat

[误]We have won your class.

[正]We have beaten your class.

[正]We have won the game.

[析]win是胜过之意,它是及物动词,但其后的宾语只能接比赛、战争、奖品、奖金的名称,如:Which team won the football match? 而beat指打败对手、敌人……如:My brother beat me at poker.(要注意的是,beat

的过去式与原形相同,而过去分词为beaten)。

[误]The ball beat me badly.

[正]The ball hit me badly.

[误]He used to hit the little boy black and blue.

[正]He used to beat the little boy black and blue.

[析]beat指打击多次,而hit则为击中对方的一次性打击。

beautiful

[误]He is a beautiful boy.

[正]He is a handsome boy.

[析]我们可以讲She is a beautiful girl. This is a beautiful park. 但要讲男人的"英俊"时要用handsome.

because

[误]The reason why I was late is because I was ill.

[正]The reason why I was late is that I was ill.

[误]Because it was Sunday, so the park was crowded.

[正]Because it was Sunday the park was crowded.

[析]这种错误是因为中文的习惯与英语的表述法不同,中文常讲我来晚了的原因是因为我病了,而英文中的第二个因为要用that代替。又因中文常讲因为……所以……,而英文中用了因为就不能再用所以了,同样用了"所以"也就不要再用"因为"一词。例如:Because we study hard, we passed the exam easily. 或者:We study hard

so we passed the exam easily.

Because/ because of

because后要接从句,例如:We like physics because we can learn a lot of new ideas.

而because of后要接名词作介词宾语,如:He is not at school because of the illness.

before

[误]We have two hours to kill before we will go home.

[正]We have two hours to kill before we go home.

[析]kill time意为"消磨时光"。

英语状语从句中要用一般现在时表示将来的动作。如:If it rains we will not go to the park.

[误]I did this work two days before.

[正]I did this wor k two days ago.

[析]用ago组成的时间状语其主句中的谓语动词要用过去时,而before引起的时间状语其主句中的谓

语动词多用完成时,如:I has done this work a few days before.

Before long/ long before

before long是"不久"之意,例如:I shall go to America before long.

而long before则是"很久很久"之意,如:We knew this teacher long before we saw him. (我们在看到这位老师之前很久就知道他了。)

begin

[误]The meeting will begin from Monday.

[正]The meeting will begin on Monday.

[误]The film has begun for ten minutes.

[正]The film has been on for ten minutes.

[析]begin是瞬间动词,所以它的完成时态不能接表示一段时间的状语,如:The film has begun. 这句话是对的,即"电影已经开始"。但要讲已经开始10分钟了则要用has been on即"上演了10分钟"。

begin /start

begin与start两词后面加不定式或动名词都可以,且意思并无区别,但在表达习惯时接动名词的用法较多,如:How old wern you when you first started learning English?但这两个词的进行时态中则多用不定式,如:I was beginning to get hungry. 但如果句子的主语是物而不是人,则多用不定式,如:The ice began to melt. It started to get dark before we got to school. 当动词是表达某种心理状态时,要用不定式,如:The student began to understand his mistakes.

[误]They study hard i n the class from the beginning to the end.

[正]They study hard in the class from beginning to end.

[析]from beginning to end是习惯用法,即自始至终,不要加冠词,但如单独使用则要加冠词,例如:At the beginning,the teacher gave us an exam.

behind

[误]He missed the class because he was behind t he time.

[正]He missed the class because he was behind time.

[析]behind time一短语意为"晚了",而behind the times意为"落后于时代"。behind是介词同时又是副词,如Come out from behind the door(介词). He's a long way behind(副词). He fell behind with his classmates(副词).

below

[误]What's that below the chair.

[正]What's that under the chair.

[析]under意为"正下方",而below意为"比……低",或指"在下游"。如:There is a fall below the river. (河的下游有一个瀑布。)其反义词为over,如:There is a big plane flying over the city. 但在"下面的例子"一表达语中则要用the example below, 而不要用under.

beside

[误]The students stood besides the teacher.

[正]The students stood beside the teacher.

[误]I study English beside Chinese.

[正]I study English besides Chinese.

[析]beside意为"在……旁边",而besides是"除……以外(还如何)"。

beside /by /near

beside意为"在……旁",如:There is a tall tree beside the river.

by多指"倚、靠"、"沿着"之意,如:She is standing by the window.

near多用来表示两地间距离不远,如:There is a post office near our school.

better

[误]You had better to do it at home.

[正]You had better do it at home.

[误]You hadn't better wake me up at six.

[正]You had better not wake me up at six.

[析]had better在肯定句中为"应该作某事",其后加不带to的不定式,而在否定句中应用had better+not+动词原形。在简答语中had常省略为'd,如:You'd better not. 又如:

Let's go first. No, we'd better not.

between

[误]Among the two trees there is a space of the feet.

[正]Between the two tr ees there is a space of the feet.

[析]两者之间多用between,三者或三者以上之间则用among.

[误]You must choose between this club or that club.

[正]You must choose between this club and that club.

[析]在两个之间作出选择要用between…and…,而不能用between…or….

big

[误]There was a big rain last nigh t.

[正]There was a heavy rain last night.

[析]大雨在英语中只能用a heavy rain而不要用a big rain.

bit

[误]He is a bit fool.

[正]He is a bit of a fool.

[析]a bit可以作程度副词,与a little相同,但它用于名词前应用a bit of, 而用于形容词前则应用a bit,

如:I'm a bit tired, 而其简答的否定句应为Not a bit, (一点儿也不。)又如:

-Do you mind if I open the door?

-Not a bit.

black

[误]The children became black after swimming in the sea.

[正]The children became sunburned after swimming in the sea.

[析]因太阳照晒而皮肤变黑,不应用black而应用sunburned, sun colour或dark.

[误]The girl has black eyes and black

hair.

[正]The girl has dark eyes and black hair.

[析]英语中black eyes的意思是被打得发青的眼睛。

[误]The Europeans like red tea.

[正]The Europeans like black tea.

[析]红茶在英文中应为black tea. 这种惯用法还有:black and blue(鼻青脸肿,青一块紫一块);black and white(黑白电视片)。go black意为"在失去知觉时眼前一片黑暗";look black意为"情况不妙,前景暗淡"。

如:After the fight he was black and blue.On TV, I like colour for something and black and white for others.

body

[误]Going to bed earlier and getting up earlier is good for your body.

[正]Going to bed earlier and getting up earlier is good for your health.

[析]中文常讲对你身体有利,而英文中则讲对你健康有利。

borrow

[误]May I lend some books from the library?

[正]May I borrow some books from the library?

[误]How long can I borrow it?

[正]How long can I keep it?

[析]英语中有三个词都可译为"借",但意义各不相同如:

"借入"是borrow,其常用句型结构是borrow something from somebody,这是个瞬间性动词,不可与表示延续的时间状语连用。例如:The students want to borrow some books from the library.

"借出"用lend,即借给别人东西。其常用句型是lend somebody something, 或lend something to somebody.例如:Could you lend us your dictionary?或Could you lend your dictionary to us? 它也是瞬间性动词,也不能与延续的时间状语连用。

keep则是延续性动词,可以和表示长时间段的时间状语连用,也可与how long等疑问词连用,如:You can keep it for three days.

born (bear的过去分词)[

[误]I born in Shanghai.

[正]I was born in Shanghai.

[误]He was born from Greek parents.

[正]He was born of Greek parents.

[析]"出身于……样的家庭"不要作from而要用of,例如:He was born of a poor family.

both

[误]They both are students.

[正]They are both students.

[误]They refuse both to answer this question.

[正]They both refuse to answer this question.

[析]both作同位语时,一般要用在be动词之后实意动词之前。

[误]I know his both parents.

[正]I know both his parents.

[误]The both brothers were students.

[正]Both the brothers were students.

[正]Both brothers were students.

[析]当both与形容词性物主代词my, his, her等以及定冠词the连用时,都应将这些词置于both之后。

另外,在与定冠词连用时the可以省略。

[误]Both of my parents are not at home.

[正]Neither of my parents are at home.

[误]Both of your answers are not right.

[正]Neither of your answers is right.

[正]Both your answers are wrong.

[析]both不能用于否定句中作主语。表示"两者都不"时要用neither;但作宾语时both与either则都对,但要注意句意有所不同。例如:I cannot give both of the books to you. (我不能将两本书全给你。)而I cannot give either of the books to you. (两本书中哪本书也不能给你。)

bring

[误]Please bring this dictionary to Mr Brown.

[正]Please take this dictionary to Mr Brown.

[误]Next time, please take your little sister here.

[正]Next time, please bring your little sister here.

[析]英语中bring是"带来",而take是"带走"。还有一个词fetch, 表示"到某处去把某物取、接回来"。

如:Please fetch the doctor at once.

business

[误]My father went to Shanghai for business.

[正]My father went to Shanghai on business.

[析]o n business出差

busy

[误]The students were very busy to prepare for the exam.

[正]The students were very busy preparing for the exam.

[析]be busy doing something为"忙于作某事"

[误]The students were busy for the exam.

[正]The students were busy with the exam.

[析]busy直接接名词时应用with.

but

[误]He couldn't help but realizing that he was wrong.

[正]He couldn't help but realize that he was wrong.

[误]She couldn't help to cry when she saw her mother.

[正]She couldn't help crying when she saw her mother.

[析]couldn't help其后应接动名词,表示情不自禁的动作,但couldn't help but后面要加动词原形即省to的不定式,所以前一句应译为"他才真正认识到他错了。"

buy

[误]I have bought this dictionary for three years.

[正]I have had this dictionary for three years.

[析]buy是截止性(即瞬间)动词,它可以有完成时,如:I have bought this dictionary. 但是不能与表示较长的时间状语连用。如要讲我这本字典已买了3年了则要用have had这一结构即我拥有这本字典已3年了。

by

[误]The boy shot the cat by a gun.

[正]The boy shot the cat with a gun.

[误]He came to school by a taxi this morning.

[正]He came to school by taxi this morning.

[析]作为某种运输手段来讲,by与名词间不能有冠词,如:by car, by bike, by air等。

如有了冠词或其他修饰词,则应用别的相应的介词,如:"我们今天早上是乘他的车来的"一句应译为:We came here in his car this morning.与by结合而成的词组很多,常用的有:by the way顺便说说;by hand手工制作;by oneself独自地;by no means决不。

2011中考英语考前错题本(c字母篇)

call

[误]I'll call at Mr Brown.

[正]I'll call on Mr Brown.

[误]I'll call on Mr Brown's home.

[正]I'll call at Mr Brown's home.

[析]作"拜访"讲时,at后面接访问地点,而on后面接访问的人。

call on /drop in /visit

call on比较正式的为公务的访问,如:We were called on by the old students.

而drop in则是比较随便的走走,顺便拜访,如:If you're free, drop in.

而visit则是更正式的外交访问或友好往来,如:My school's headmaster will visit America next week.

can

[误]A blind man can not judge colours.

[正]A blind man cannot judge colours.

[误]I cann't call for you at ten.

[正]I can't call for you at ten.

[析]can的否定形式应为cannot或can't.

[误]It's only six o'clock. That mustn't be the postman.

[正]It's only six o'clock. That can't be the postman.

[析]must用来表示一种肯定的推断,如:She must have some problems. She keeps crying. 但在否定句中则要用can't,要表示对过去的推测则要用"must+have+过去分词"的表达法,如:The lights have gone out.A fuse must have blown.而对过去的否定推测则多用"can't+have+过去分词",如:I don't think he can have heard you. Call again.

[误]We could not help to laugh at once.

[正]We could not help laughing at once.

[正]We could not help but laugh at once.

[析]"couldn't help+动名词"表示禁不住做了某事。但could not help but与could not but后面要加不带to 的不定式,意思都是不得不去做某事.如:You could not (help) but respect him.

can /be able to

can与be able to都可以用来表示能力,但can只有现在时与过去时,be able to则可用任何时态,如:He will be able to teach the child. 但要表示经过努力而达到的一次性动作则只能用be able to,如:He finally was able to jump over 210 meters. 或:The plane was able to fly over the mountain. 但要注意的是这两个词都没有进行时

态,而be able to后面不接不定式的被动态。

can /could

can与could都可以用在现在时的口语中,只是用could更为礼貌,语气更委婉。如:Could you tell us a story?

care

[误]I don't care coffee.

[正]I don't care for coffee.

[误]Take care for your steps.

[正]Take care of your steps.

[析]care for是"对某物感兴趣",而care of是"关心,要当心某事",如:She didn't care for him. Take care

of what you are doing.

[误]I don't care where we will go if it doesn't rain.

[正]I don't care where we go if it doesn't rain.

[析]在it doesn't matter, I don't care, I don't mind, 及in case引出的状语从句后面要用现在时表示将来。如:I've got a football in case we have time for a game.

change

[误]I want to change my camera with that one.

[正]I want to change my camera for that one.

[析]change for为"以某物为交换物"。而change with则是"随……而变",如:The wood's colour changed with the season.

cheap

[误]A teacher's salary is generally very cheap.

[正]A teacher's salary is generally very low.

[析]工资的高低要用low,cheap是指价格便宜,如果要讲物美价廉则要用not expensive,如:This car is

not expensive.

choose

[误]We each had to have a choose of A or B.

[正]We each had to have a choice of A or B.

[析]choice是名词,而choose是动词。

class

[误]The class is watching TV.

[正]The class are watching TV.

[析]class作主语时,如果作为整体讲则应用单数形式的谓语动词,如:The class was more than forty in

number. 如考虑到具体的每个成员时则应用复数形式的谓语动词,如:The class are, in general, very bright.

clean

[误]Sorry, I didn't bought it here. I cleanly forgot.

[正]Sorry, I didn't bought it here. I clean forgot.

[析]clean可以作为副词讲,其意为"完全",而cleanly则意为"正确地"、"干净利落地",如:The knife doesn't cut cleanly. 而clean作为形容词讲时意为"清洁的"、"干净的",如:Her face is not clean now.

clever

[误]I'm not clever in English.

[正]I'm not clever at English.

[析]clever at是固定搭配,表示在某方面有特长。

close

[误]It is cold outside. Please keep the door close.

[正]It is cold outside. Please keep the door closed.

[析]这里的close是动词,意为"关闭",而keep后要加形容词,所以要用close的过去分词形式closed

作形容词。作形容词用的close意为"近的"、"亲密的"。

[误]Come closely so that I can see you.

[正]Come close so that I can see you.

[误]Good teaching and good testing are close related.

[正]Good teaching and good testing are closely related.

[析]close,closely同样可以作副词用,但其意义不同,close是"靠近"、"接近"之意,而closely则是"紧

密"、"严密"、"密切"之意。

[误]My school was quite close from my home.

[正]My school was quite close to my home.

[析]"与……接近"是close to…,例如:

He was close to fifty.

There is a bus stop close to the station.

close /shut/ turn

shut与close是同义词,如close the door或shut the door.

但要讲把某人关在门外时则只能用shut somebody out而不能用close,因shut语气较强,并含有隔离之意。

而turn off是指关上电视、电灯、煤气之类,有切断之意。

cloth

[误]The children wear very good cloth to go to school.

[正]The children wear very good clothes to go to school.

[误]I need a lot of clothing.

I'm going to make a new cloth.

[正]I need a lot of cloth.

I'm going to make a new dress.

[析]cloth是"布"、"布料",没有复数形式。一块布料是a piece of cloth, 而clothes统指衣服,是复数名词,"一套衣服"要讲a suit of clothes,如果是"一件件衣服"应讲shirt, dress, sweater等。而clothing是衣物的总称,是不可数名词。例如:This clothing is needed in warm countries.Her clothes are made of fine cloth.英语中的dress是指比较正式的服装,如a school dress(校服),a student dress(学生套装),a working dress(工作服)。

coffee

[误]Please give me two waters.

[正]Please give me two coffees.

[正]Please give me two cups of water.

[析]虽然coffee, water, tea等都是物质名词,但是只有coffee可用coffees取代若干杯coffee,而其他的却不行,其前要加a cup of或a glass of.

Colour (color)

[误]Colours of flowers are red, yellow and white.

[正]Flowers are red, yellow and white.

[析]中文的"花的颜色有红色、黄色和白色",若译为英文Colours of flowers are…,就显得重复了。

[误]I like green colour.

[正]I like green.

[正]I like colour green.

[析]colour green中的colour是gr een的同位语,所以这种说话方式英语是可以接受的。

come

[误]I came across with an old friend in the street yesterday.

[正]I came across an old friend in the street yesterday.

[析]come across是"偶然碰见、遇见",要直接加宾语,如:I've just come across a beautiful poem in this

magazine.

[误]Where do you come from?

I come from the station.

[正]Where did you come from?

I came from the station.

[正]Where do you come from?

I come from China.

[析]Where do you come from?意为"你是什么地方的人?"而Where did you come from?则是"你从何处

来?"

[误]The stars are coming out from the cloud.

[正]The stars are coming out of the cloud.

[析]come out of意为"从……地方出来"。

come in come into enter

come in与come into的意义相同,但come into后面要加宾语,而come in后面不用宾语。如I found someone

came into my room. The door opened and the child came in.

enter常作为及物动词使用,如:The bus entered the English tunnel.

congratulate

[误]I want to congratulate you for your success with all my heart.

[正]I want to congratulate you on your success with all my heart.

[析]动词congratulate somebody on something是"向某人祝贺某事"。其名词congratulation在用时一般要用复数,如:I offered him my congratulati ons on his success.

又如:Congratulations!

cook

[误]My father is a good cooker.

[正]My father is a good cook.

[析]很多动词加上er则变为执行该动作的一种人,如work worker,teach teacher. 但cook即是动词"做饭",同时名词也是"厨师"。而cooker则是"厨具"、"炊具"之意。如:I will cook the dinner. I bought a good press cooker(高压锅)。

corner

[误]There is a post office in the corner of the street.

[正]There is a post office at the corner of the street.

[误]A girl sat at the corner of the room.

[正]A girl sat in the corner of the room.

[析]in the corner是在建筑物内部的角上,而at the corner是在外部的角上,如:There is a big tree at the

corner of the building.

cost

[误]I cost ten dollars for the book.

[正]I spent ten dollars on the book.

[误]I cost two hours to do my homework.

[正]It took me two hours to do my homework.

[析]cost, spend. take都可以作"花费"讲,但用法不同。

cost的用法是"something+cost+somebody+时间或金钱",如:The book cost me ten dollars.

spend的用法是"somebody+spend+时间+(in)doing something",如:I spent two hours (in) writing this book. 或"somebody+spend+金钱+on something",如:I spend two dollars on this book.

而take的用法则要用逻辑主语it:"It+takes+somebody+时间+to do something", 如:It took me an hour to

clean the classroom.

country

[误]You can find cows in a country.

[正]You can find cows in the country.

[析]country即可作"国家"讲,也可作"农村"讲。当作"农村"讲时,一定要加定冠词,而且只有单数形式。例如:

[误]Farmers live in the countries.

[正]Farmers live in the country.

[析]但作为"国家"讲时则可有单、复数形式,例如:Japan is an Asian country. Japan, China, and India are Asian countries.另外,country一般指的是地理概念上的国家,如:New Zealand is an agricultural country. 而nation多指民族组成的国家,如:The Chinese nation(中华民族)。state多侧重于政权方面的区域、国家范围,如:the state farm(国营农场)。

cross

[误]There are traffic lights at the cross.

[正]There are traffic lights at the crossing.

[析]cross作为名词讲时是十字架、十字形的东西,如:Red Cross(红十字会)。

[误]The little boy is goin g to across the street.

[正]The little boy is going to cross the street.

[析]across是副词或介词,但不能作动词用。

Cross/ pass

cross是指横过某地,如:He crossed the square.

而pass则强调从某物体旁经过,如:I mailed some letters when I passed the post office.

crowd

[误]The room soon was crowded by people.

[正]The room soon was crowded with people.

[析]crowded在这句话中应作为形容词,所以这句话不是被动语态而是系表结构,如:The room was

crowded with books.

cup

[误]A silver glass was given to the winner.

[正]A silver cup was given to the winner.

[误]My mother was looking for the whisky cup.

[正]My mother was looking for the whisky glass.

[析]glass一般指由玻璃制成的器皿,而cup多指用陶瓷或金属制成的杯子,且cup尤其用在奖杯上。喝酒多用的是玻璃制成的杯子,如我们讲I drink a glass of wine at supper. 而不讲I drink a cup of wine at supper.

2011中考英语考前错题本(D字母篇)

dance

[误]We'll invite you and your wife to a dance party.

[正]We'll invite you and your wife to a dancing party.

[正]We'll invite you and your wife to a dance.

[正]We'll invite you and your wife to a ball.(美语中常用ball作为舞会。)

date

[误]He studied ten hours a date.

[正]He studied ten hours a day.

[析]date是指具体日期。如问What's the date today? 应回答具体日期:"October 1st 1998."而day是指1日(24小时)。如What day is today? 问的是星期几,应回答"It's Sunday."

[误]Today's date is January first. 1998.

[正]Today's date is January 1,1998.

[正]Today's date is January 1st,1998.

[析]在日期书写中不要用序数词全写,而要用1st,2nd,3rd……如果一定要用序数词,其顺序应为:It is the first of January.

day

[误]This is a book about every day English.

[正]This is a book about everyday English.

[正]This is an everyday English book.

[误]We go to school everyday.

[正]We go to school every day.

[析]everyday是形容词,意为"日常的",而every day则是"每天"、"天天"之意。

dead

[误]My father has died for ten years.

[正]My father has been dea d for ten years.

[析]die是瞬间动词,它可以用于完成时,如:My father has died. 但用于完成时不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。它也可以用于过去时,如:My father died three years ago

[误]We'll always remember the deads who were killed in the war.

[正]We'll always remember the dead who were killed in the war.

[析]形容词前如加定冠词表示一类人,如the rich(富人),the sick(病人),the poor(穷人),其后的谓语动

词要用复数,如:The rich are not always happy.

dead /deadly

dead在某些词组里是"完全"、"的确"的意思,如dead right, dead tired, dead sure。

而deadly则是"致命的",如:The rich man had many deadly ene mies. 又如:Cancer is a deadly disease.

Dead/ died

dead是形容词,如:Mrs Ginty was dead. 而died是动词die的过去式及过去分词,如:She died in 1960.但

英语中如表达出对某人去世的伤感说法是pass away, 如:My father passed away, this morning.

deer

[误]In the zoo, there are many deers.

[正]In the zoo, there are many deer.

[析]deer是单、复数同形的词,如:one deer,two deer,这样的名词还有fish,sheep等。但如果讲There are many fishes here. 这句话应译为"这里有许多种鱼类。"而不应译为"这里有很多鱼。"

desk

[误]The boy sat in his desk.

[正]The boy sat at his desk.

[析]在课桌旁坐着应用介词at, 而at desk 则应译为"在学习",at table应译为"在吃饭"。

die

[误]In South Africa many people died from cancer.

[正]In South Africa many people died of cancer.

[误]The old man died of overwork.

[正]The old man died from overwork.

[析]死于疾病应用die of,而死于某种外因事故则多用from.

[误]His mother is died.

[正]His mother is dead.

[误]The old woman was dead at the age of seventy.

[正]The old woman died at the age of seventy.

[析]dead是形容词,而die是动词。形容词表示状态,动词则表示动作。

[误]He died in a traffic accident.

[正]He was killed in a traffic accident.

[析]由于事故而造成的死亡一般用to be killed.

[误]When the doctor came,the old man had already died.

[正]When the doctor came,the old man was already dead.

[正]The old man died before the doctor came.

different

[误]My room is different with yours.

[正]My room is different from yours.

[误]The village is very different w ith what it was.

[正]The village is very different from what it was.

[析]different from是"与……不同"之意。

difficult

[误]English is very difficult to be learned.

[正]English is very difficult to learn.

[误]He learned physics is difficult.

[正]It is very difficult for him to learn physics.

[析]要学习英语的表达法而不要生硬地按字去译中文。It is difficult for somebody to do something.为"对于某人来说做某事很困难。"

difficulty

[误]There was little difficulty to find him.

[正]There was little difficulty in finding him.

[析]这种用法还有trouble, 即difficulty (trouble) in doing something.

dinner

[误]When did you have the supper?

[正]When did you have supper?

[析]英语中一日三餐前无冠词,例如:

[误]I had a lunch at 12 o'clock.

[正]I had lunch at 12 o'clock.

[析]在某些特定场合,如指某次宴会,则要加冠词,如:The dinner was gi ven in honour of the guest.

dress

[误]My father bought a new dress for himself yesterday.

[正]My father bought a new suit for himself yesterday.

[析]一般来讲男套装用suit,女服则用dress;作男服的服装店是tailor shop (tailor's), 而做女装的服装

店是dressmaker's.

[误]The mother dressed the clothes on her child.

[正]The mother dressed her child.

[析]dress作及物动词当"穿衣服"讲时,其后不能接衣服而只能接人,如:The boy is still too young to dress himself. 但作为一种穿着打扮的状态时,则多用其过去分词作形容词,如:He is not dressed in his new suit.或She is dressed in red. 词组dress up是过节日时应服装整齐,如:They dressed up for the holiday.

dress /have on /put on /wear

要区别这几个动词需分清是表示动作的动词还是表示状态的动词。表示状态的动词是have on和wear,如:He has on a white coat. He was wearing heavy shoes.

而put on则表示穿衣的动作,如:Put on your coat,it is cold outside.

而dress即可以作状态又可以作动作,作动作讲时其后面接人而不能接衣服,作穿着状态时则多用dressed 的形式。如:I saw a lady dressed in red. I saw a girl dressing herself.

drop

[误]The students fell their voice.

[正]The students dropped their voice.

[析]drop与fall都可以表示"落下、掉下"之意,有时可以互换,如:The dictionary fell (dropped) from the table.但drop还可以作及物动词,而fall一般只能作不及物动词。

[误]I shall drop in you.

[正]I shall drop in on you.

[析]drop in是随便拜访某人,而其后要接人时应加介词on再加人称。

during

[误]During I was sick,I couldn't eat well.

[正]While I was sick,I couldn't eat well.

[析]during后不能接从句,而when和while后可接从句。

[误]I have been studying English during three days.

[正]I have been studying English for three days.

[析]during不能表达一个动作持续多长的时间,而只能表达在某段时间内某事件的发生。即带有由during

引导的时间状语的句子只能用过去时,不能用完成时。

2011中考英语考前错题本(E字母篇)

each

[误]Every of them has his habit.

[正]Each of them has his habit.

[析]each可以作形容词,但也可作代词,而eve ry只能作形容词。

[误]The manager comes to America almost each month.

[正]The manager comes to America almost every month.

[析]each与ever y都作形容词讲时,都有"每个"之意,但有不同。each多指个体,而every则多指整体。如:We want every student to succeed. each不同来表达总体概念,所以不能与almost, nearly,likely等词连用。

[误]We each has a book.

[正]We each have a book.

[析]each 作同位语时,其数应与其同位的名词相同,而each作主语时则应取其单数形式。

each other /one another

each other与one another这两个词组的区别在很多语法书中强调each other是两者之间,而one another是多者之间,其实不然,如:All students must care for each other, must love and help each other. 事实上这两个词

组是同义的,如果要讲有什么区别的话,当我们非常笼统地谈,而不特指什么人时,多用one anoth er.

early

[误]Could you come here more early?

[正]Could you come here earlier?

[析]单音节和少数双音节副词的比较级和最高级要用er和est来作其结尾,如fast, soon, early, hard, long, near等。

earth

[误]What on the earth do you mean?

[正]What on earth do you mean?

[析]on earth这一词组在句中为的是加强语气,其意为"究竟"、"到底"。而作为"地球"讲时则要加定冠词,如:How far is the earth from the moon. 而作为"泥土"讲时则为不可数名词,如:He filled the pot with earth and

wanted to plant some flowers.

easy

[误]You can easy imagine my surprise.

[正]You can easily imagine my surprise.

[析]easy只在有限的词组中被用作副词,如take it easy (不要紧张),go easy, stand easy等。例如:Easy come,

easy go. (钱来的容易花的也快. )Easier said than done. (说的容易做着难。)

east

[误]Japan is on the east of China.

[正]Japan is to the east of China.

[析]在讲述地理位置时,有3个介词常用,它们是in, on和to, 其中in表示处于所表达的范围之内,如:Shanghai is in the east of China. on则表示双方接壤,如:North Korea is on the northeast of China. 而表示互不相接的两部分时则用to, 如:Taiwan is to the east of Fujian.

either

[误]-I don't like opera.-I don't like too.

[正]-I don't like opera.-I don't like either.

[析]在否定句中用either表示"也",而在肯定句中用too表示"也"。

[误]Either you or I are right.

[正]Either you or I am right.

[析]这在语法书中被称作就近原则,即哪个主语离谓语动词近,则应采用与哪个主语相一致的谓语动词,相同用法的还有neither…nor…,not only…but also…,以及or在连接两个主语时。如:You or he is to go home.

The others will have to stay in the classroom.

elder

[误]My older brother has gone to Shanghai.

[正]My elder brother has gone to Shanghai.

[析]在表示兄姐的长幼时应用elder表示"哥哥姐姐",如:my elder sister 姐姐,但表示岁数时则多用older,

如:She is two years older than I.

empty

[误]Are these seats empty?

[正]Are these seats taken?

[析]empty是指空洞的没有任何物体,如:The house was empty, 其意思是没有任何家具或屋内无人。但座

位是否有人坐应用take.

English

[误]My sister studied English langua ge very well.

[正]My sister studied the English language very well.

[正]My sister studied English very well.

[析]在泛指某一种学科时,不应加冠词,如:I like history.

但如特指某一门学科时则应加冠词,如:He likes the history of America.

enjoy

[误]I enjoy to play football.

[正]I enjoy playing football.

[析]enjoy后要接动名词,而不接不定式。

[误]Did y ou enjoy at the English evening?

[正]Did you enjoy yoursel f at the English evening?

enough

[误]I'm sorry. You are not studying enough carefully.

[正]I'm sorry. You are not studying carefully enough.

[析]enough要用在形容词或副词之后。

[误]Do you have enough of money?

[正]Do you have enough money?

[正]Do you have enough of the money?

[误]The coffee isn't enough.

[正]There isn't enough coffee.

[析]enough可以作be动词的表语,但其主语应是代词,如:That's enough. It was enough.如果是名词时应换用上面的句型。

entrance

[误]The entrance of the cinema is on your right.

[正]The entrance to the cinema is on your right.

[析]在表示通往某处时entrance后面多用to作介词。这样的用法还有key to the door, answer to the question

等。

evening

[误]I walked home in a cold evening.

[正]I walked home on a cold evening.

[析]in the evening这一词组如加上另外的修饰词则其介词应换为on.

everyone

[误]Everyo ne of you goes to class.

[正]Every one of you goes to class.

[析]everyone其后不能接of结构。在否定句中如果要讲"每一个人都没有注意到它",就译作:Nobody noticed it. 要注意Every one of us is not right. 应译为"我们不都对。"而None of us are right. 才应译为"我们全错了。"

ex am

[误]We take part in an exam.

[正]We take an exam.

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