2015年英语专四完形填空真题答案及解析及原文出处及cloze-练习-(1)

Electricity is such a part of our everyday lives and so much taken for granted nowadays 1 ___ we rarely think twice when we switch on the light or turn on the TV set. At night, roads are brightly lit, enabling people and 2 ___ to move freely. Neon lighting used in advertising has become part of the 3 ___ of every modern city. In the home, many 4 ___ devices are powered by electricity. 5 ___ when we turn off the bedside lamp and are 6 ___ asleep, electricity is working for us, 7 ___ our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air-conditioned. Every day, trains, buses and subways take us to and from work. We rarely 8 ___ to consider why or how they run——9 ___ something goes wrong.

In the summer of 1959, something 10 ___ go wrong with the power-plant that provided New York with electricity. For a great many hours, life came almost to a 11 ___. Trains refused to move and the people in them sat in the dark, 12 ___ to do anything; lifts stopped working, so that 13 ___ you were lucky enough not to be 14. ___ between two floors, you had the unpleasant task of finding your way down 15 ___ of stairs. Famous streets like Broadway and Fifth Avenue in a(n) 16 ___ became as gloomy and uninviting 17 ___ the most remote back streets. People were afraid to leave their houses, ___ 18. although the police had been ordered to 19 ___ in case of emergency, they were just as confused and 20 ___ as anybody else.

1.A.that B. thus C. as D. so

2. A.car B. truck C. traffic D. pedestrians

3.A. appearance B. character C. distinction D. surface

4.A. money-saving B. time-saving C. energy-saving D. labour-saving

5.A. Only B. Rarely C. Even D. Frequently

6.A. fast B. quite C. closely D. quickly

7. A. moving B. starting C. repairing D. driving

8.A. trouble B. bother C. hesitate D. remember

9.A. when B. if C. until D. after

10.A. did B. would C. could D. Should

11.A. pause B. terminal C. breakdown D. standstill

12.A. incompetent B. powerless C. hesitant D. helpless

13. A.although B. when C. as D. even if

14. A.trapped B. placed C. positioned D. locked

15.A. steps B. levels C. flights D. floors

16.A. time B. instant C. point D. minute

17.A. like B. than C. for D. as

18.A. for B. and C. but D. or

19.A. stand aside B. stand down C. stand by D. stand in

20.A. aimless B. helpless C. unfocused D. undecided

What do you look for in a potential date? Sincerity? Good looks? Character? Conversational ability? Asked to ____1____ such qualities, most people put physical attractiveness near the ____2____ of the list. Of course. Intelligent people are not greatly concerned ____3____ such super?cial qualities as good ____4____; they know that “beauty is only skin

____5____.” At least they know that’s how they ____6____ feel.

This intuition ____7____ looks matt er little may be another example of our ____8____ real in?uences upon us, for there are many research studies ____9____ that appearance greatly determines initial attraction.

Some researchers have matched students ____10____ blind dates to see what qualities led to liking. Immediately after the dating, and again three months later, the students ____11____ their dates and speculated about ____12____ they felt as they did. Men more than women ____13____ their date’s physical attractiveness was important. But,____14____ the date’s physical attractiveness actually predicted the women’s attraction ____15____ their dates more than men.

In another study, Elaine Hatfield ____16____ 752 university freshmen for a dance party.

For each person, the researchers secured a variety of ____17____ and aptitude (能力) test scores, but then actually matched

the couples ____18____ . The couples evaluated their dates after the party. How well did the personality and aptitude tests predict attraction? Not well at all.____19____ the researchers could see, only one thing ____20____ : how physically attractive the person was. The more attractive a woman, the more he liked her and wanted to date her again.

1. A. list B. select C. rank D. arrange

2.A. top B. middle C. bottom D. front

3.A. to B. at C. in D. with

4.A. look B. looks C. looking D. lookings

5.A. deep B. thick C. shallow D. thin

6.A. have to B. ought to C. must D. should

7.A. as B. what C. which D that

8.A. accepting B. admitting C. refusing D. denying

9.A. indicate B. to indicate C. indicating D. indicated

10. A. to B. on C. at D. in

11. A. evaluated B. predicted C. contacted D. communicated

12. A. what B. how C. why D. that

13. A. believed B. suspected C. con? rmed D. argued

14. A. to the contrary B. in addition C. in spite of that D. similarly

15. A. at B. in C. with D. to

16. A. recruited B. enrolled C. matched D. dated

17. A. personality B. appearance C. achievements D. individuality

18. A. interactively B. randomly C. precisely D. systematically

19. A. As long as B. So much so that C. To the extent that D. So far as

20. A. predicted B. mattered C. valued D. determined

该Cloze来自1984年考研英语真题英译汉的一篇短文：

Electricity is such a part of our everyday lives and so much taken for granted nowadays that we rarely think twice when we switch on the light or turn on the radio. At night, roads are brightly lit, enabling people and traffic to move freely. Neon lighting used in advertising has become part of the character of every modern city. In the home, many labor-saving devices are powered by electricity. Even when we turn off the bedside lamp and are fast asleep, electricity is working for us, driving our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air-conditioned. Every day, trains, trolley-buses, and trams take us to and from work. We rarely bother to consider why or how they run---until something goes wrong.

In the summer of 1959, something did go wrong with the power-plant that provides New York with electricity. For a great many hours, life came to a standstill. Trains refused to move and the people in them sat in the dark, powerless to do anything; lifts stopped working, so that even if you were lucky enough not to be trapped between two floors, you had the unpleasant task of finding your way down hundreds of flights of stairs. Famous streets like Broadway and Fifth Avenue in an instant became as gloomy and

uninviting as the most remote back streets. People were afraid to leave their houses, for although the police had been ordered to stand by in case of emergency, they were just as confused and helpless as anyone else. Meanwhile, similar disorder prevailed in the home. New York can be stifling in the summer and this year was no exception. Cool, air-conditioned apartments became furnaces. Food went bad in refrigerators. Cakes and joints of meat remained uncooked in cooling ovens. People sat impatient and frightened in the dark as if an unseen enemy had landed from Mars. One of the strange things that occurred during the power-cut was that some fifty blind people lead many sighted workers home. When the lights came on again, hardly a person in the city can have turned on a switch without reflecting how great a servant he had at his fingertips.

PART III CLOZE

31. [D] 句意为：电是日常生活的一部分，如今，我们已经习以为常，以至于开灯或开电视时很少仔细考虑电的问题。so…that…是固定搭配，意思是“如此……以至于……”，故答案为[D]。

32. [C] 句意为：晚上灯光照亮的马路使人们自由通行，使交通畅通无阻。traffic意为“交通”；pedestrian意为“行人”，与空格前的people词义重复; car和truck都指具体的车辆类型，含义过于狭窄。综合考虑，此处应填入traffic。

33. [B] 句意为：广告中使用的霓虹灯已经成为了每个现代化城市的一大特色。appearance意为“外观”；character 意为“特征，特色”；distinction意为“区别”；surface意为“表面”。根据句意，答案为[B]。

34. [A] 句意为：在家里，很多节省劳动力的设备都是由电带动的。四个选项都是复合形容词，labour-saving意为“节省劳动力的”；time-saving意为“节省时间的”；energy-saving意为“节能的”；money-saving意为“省钱的”。根据句意，此处填入labour-saving最合适。

35. [C] 句意为：即使当我们关上床头灯，睡得很熟时，电仍然在为我们工作……。only意为“只有”；rarely意为“少有地”；even意为“即使”；frequently意为“频繁地，屡次地”。根据句意，此处应填入even。

36. [B] fast asleep为固定搭配，意为“睡得很熟的”，故答案为[B]。quite意为“非常”；quickly意为“很快地”；closely意为“靠近地，接近地”，均不符合句意，故排除。

37. [D] move意为“移动”；start意为“启动”；repair意为“修复”；drive意为“驱动，使机器运转”。此处的动词与our refrigerators连用，填入driving最合适，意为“使电冰箱正常运行”。

38. [B] bother to do sth. 意为“费心做某事”；hesitate to do sth.意为“做某事犹豫不决”；remember to do sth.指“记得去做某事”。此处是说，我们费心思考它们为什么或如何运行，故答案为[B]。

39. [C] 句意：直到这些交通工具出问题时，我们才会费心思考它们为什么或如何运行。前半句出现了rarely，含否定意义，与until搭配使用，意为“直到……才……”，故答案为[C]。

40. [B] 句意为：1959年的夏天，负责给纽约供电的发电厂真的出了问题。当句子中没有其他的助动词时，可以在动词前使用助动词do表示对该动作的强调，助动词do随人称和时态而变化。因此，did符合题意。

41. [A] 句意为：许多小时过去了，生活几乎停滞不前。come to a standstill是固定搭配，意为“停住，停滞不前”。terminal意为“终点”；breakdown意为“故障”；pause意为“暂停”，均不符合句意，故排除。

42. [B] 句意为：火车无法开动，车厢里的人坐在黑暗中无能为力，什么事也做不了。incompetent意为“没有能力的, 不能胜任的”；powerless意为“无能为力的”；hesitant意为“迟疑不决的”；helpless意为“无助的”。此处指人处于停电的环境中无能为力，什么事也做不了，因此答案为[B]。

43. [D] 句意为：电梯也停止工作，即使你足够幸运，没被困在两层楼之间，也得自己不愉快地步行下楼梯。although 意为“虽然”；when意为“当……时”；as意为“像……一样”；even if 意为“即使，纵然”。通过分析上下文，此处填入even if最合适。

44. [D] 句意同上。lock意为“把……锁起来”；place意为“放置”；position意为“把……放在适当的位置”；trap意为“困住，陷入困境”。根据上下文意思，此处应该选[D]。

45. [C] 句意同上。a flight of stairs是固定搭配，表示“（两个楼梯平台间的）一段楼梯”，本题中考查的是复数形式，故答案为[C]。

46. [A] in an instant是固定搭配，意为“瞬间，马上”，意思相当于immediately，故答案为[A]。in a minute 意为“很快，马上”，一般用于将来时，不符合句意，故排除。

47. [D] as…as…为固定搭配，表示“像……一样”，故答案为[D]。

48. [A] 句意为：人们害怕离开自己的房子，因为虽然警察被要求随时待命，以防突发事件，但他们也像其他人一样疑惑和无助。for 表示原因，and表示并列关系，but表示转折，or表示选择。结合上下文，此处填入for最合适。

49. [C] 句意同上。stand aside意为“避开”；stand down意为“从要职上退下”；stand by意为“做好准备，待命”； stand in意为“站立于，坐落于”。根据上下文分析，此处应该指警察处于待命状态，故答案为[C]。50. [A] 句意同上。helpless意为“无助的”；aimless意为“漫无目的的”；unfocused意为“目光茫然的”；undecided意为“尚未决定的”。根据句意，此处应选[A]。

文章大意

约会对象的哪些特点会令对方产生好感？人们本能地认为外表是最不重要的因素。但研究结果却发现外表在约会初期的好感起着决定性的作用。有一项研究让人们在相亲后对对方进行评价。虽然男人们认为对方的外表漂亮与否并不重要，但事实却是在相亲中女性的外表对男性的吸引力相对于男性对女性的吸引力来说更大。另一个研究是相亲者的个性和能力与其吸引力是否有关，其结论也是与吸引力惟一相关的因素是外貌。

答案与解析

1. C

语义衔接题。下句中的put... the list 说明这是一个排名，因此用rank最为恰当。

2.C

逻辑关系题。因为后文提到人们认为不应对外表这类肤浅的东西过多地关注，因此这里应该是排名的最后。3.D

固定搭配题。be concerned with ：关注。

4.B

名词辨析题。表示人的外貌、外表要用looks ；look用作名词表示表情、装扮，如：a worried look 担忧的表情；looking ：look的动名词；lookings ：不存在。

5.A

固定搭配题。skin-deep ：肤浅。

6.B

情态动词辨析题。have to可以代替must ，表示“必须，不得不”，并可以补充must所缺的时态。should 和ought to都表示“应该”，should一般表示说话人的主观观点，ought to 比should语气强，表示来自外界的规则或义务，也可以表示作推测性的结论。本句中这种“不以貌取人”的做法既不是外界的强迫，也并非别人的要求，而是类似于潜规则或一种义务。

7.D

语法关系题。looks matter little（外貌无足轻重）是intuition 的同位语，因此必须以that引导。

8.D

语义衔接题。deny ：否认，否定，根据上下文可知，人们否认外表的吸引力，事实上是不愿承认外表的吸引力；而与refuse搭配的应该为opinion, idea等一类词。

9.C

非谓语动词辨析题。indicating that... 是现在分词作studies的定语。

10. B

固定搭配题。date意为“约会”时，应与介词on搭配，如：on a first date第一次约会, go on a date 去约会。

11. A

语义衔接题。evaluate ：评价，评估。根据上下文可知这项研究是试图找到约会对象的特点与其吸引力之间的关系，因此这里表示让学生对自己的约会对象进行评估（其吸引力如何），并猜测自己（被吸引或没有被吸引）的原因。

12.C

语义衔接题。根据后一句可知，很多男性怀疑外表的重要性，因此这里应该是表示原因。

13.B

逻辑关系题。根据后一句可知，与男人自己认为相反的情况是，他们比女性更容易受到外表美丽的约会对象的吸引。因此，男人本来是认为外表并不重要。suspect ：怀疑…（的正确性）。

14.A

逻辑关系题。根据“but”一词及后文可知，结果与人们的主观认识相反。

15.D

固定搭配题。attraction与介词to搭配表示“对……产生吸引”。

16.C

语义衔接题。根据上下文可知，这是一项通过相亲的方法了解决定男女之间吸引力因素的实验，因此match一词最为恰当。recruit ：招收（员工、士兵）；enroll ：报名（课程）；date ：与（某人）约会。17.A

语义衔接题。在这项研究实验中，首先对每个实验的个性及能力（与外表无关的个人因素）打分，再考查这些因素与吸引力之间的关系。根据aptitude（能力）一词可知最合适的一词应该为personality（个性）。

18.B

语义衔接题。虽然对每位实验对象的个性及能力打了分，但他们却是随机地进行配对。

19.D

词组辨析题。so far as相当于as far s ，意为“就……来说，在……范围内”，引导状语从句，强调程度或范围，从句中动词常用know, see, concern等。as long as ：只要；so much so that ：如此……以至于……；to the extent that ：到达……的程度。

20.B

动词辨析题。matter ：要紧，重要，如：It doesn t matter. 没关系。根据文章的意义，约会对象的个性和能力都与其对异性的吸引力无关，惟一重要的是他们的外表。value为及物动词

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