统考大学英语B考试大纲(2013年修订版)

《大学英语》（B）考试大纲

[2013年修订版]

试点高校网络教育部分公共基础课全国统一考试，旨在遵循网络教育应用型人才的培养目标，针对从业人员继续教育的特点，重在检验学生掌握英语基础知识的水平及应用能力，全面提高现代远程高等学历教育的教学质量。

“大学英语”课程是现代远程教育试点高校网络教育实行全国统一考试的部分公共基础课之一。该课程的考试是一种基础水平检测性考试，考试合格者应达到与成人高等教育本科相应的大学英语课程要求的水平。

考试对象

教育部批准的现代远程教育试点高校网络教育学院和中央广播电视大学“人才培养模式改革和开放教育试点”项目中自2004年3月1日（含3月1日）以后入学的本科层次学历教育的学生，应参加网络教育部分公共基础课全国统一考试。

“大学英语（B）”考试大纲适用于除英语类和艺术类专业以外的其他专业高中起点与专科起点本科学生。

考试目标

本考试旨在考查现代远程教育所有专业（除英语类和艺术类专业）的学生掌握英语基础知识的水平及应用能力。考生应掌握基本的英语语法知识和词汇，具备运用不同语言技能进行交际的基本能力。

考试内容与要求

【语法】考生应较好地掌握基本的英语语法知识，并能在交际中较正确地加以运用。

【词汇】考生应认知3000个单词，并熟练掌握其中的1 800个单词及其基本的搭配。

【交际能力】考生应掌握日常生活常见情景中的基本交际用语。

【阅读】考生应能基本读懂与日常生活和社会活动相关的不同类型的文字材料，阅读速度为每分钟50个单词。考生应能：

1．理解主旨要义；

2．理解文中具体信息；

3．根据上下文推测生词词义；

4．进行有关的判断、推理和引申，理解作者的意图、观点或态度。【翻译】考生应能在规定时间内将难度适中的英文句子翻译成中文。考生应能：

1. 对英语原文有准确的理解；

2. 做到译文通顺、达意。

【写作】考生应能在规定时间内写出长度不少于80词的短文。考生应能：1．用较正确的语法、词汇、拼写、标点进行表达；

2．基本做到内容切题，条理清楚；

3．根据不同的写作目的进行有针对性的写作。

试卷结构与题型

考试方式与时间

考试为机考闭卷考试，满分为100分，时间为90分钟。

题型示例

大学英语（B）模拟试卷

第一部分：交际用语（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）

此部分共有5个未完成的对话，针对每个对话中未完成的部分有4个选项，请从A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出正确选项。

1．— Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith, please?

— _________________________

A. Who are you?

B. Who’s there?

C. Who could I help?

D. Who’s that speaking?

2. —I believe we’ve met somewhere before.

— No, ____________________.

A. it isn’t the same

B. it can’t be true

C. I don’t think so

D. I’d rather not

3. — How are you, Bob?

—_______

A. How are you?

B. I’m fine. Thank you.

C. How do you do?

D. Nice to meet you.

4. — Thanks for your help.

— __________

A. My pleasure.

B. Never mind.

C. Quite right.

D. Don’t thank me.

5. —Hello, I’m Harry Potter.

— Hello, my name is Charles Green, but ______.

A. call my Charles

B. call me at Charles

C. call me Charles

D. call Charles me

第二部分：阅读理解（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分）

此部分共有2篇短文，第一篇短文后有5个问题。请从每个问题后的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出正确选项。第二篇短文后有5个正、误判断题，请选择T或F.

Passage 1

The United States covers a large part of the North American continent. Its neighbors are Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. Although the United States is a big country, it is not the largest in the world. In 2000, its population was over 222 million.

When this land first became a nation, after winning its independence from England, it had thirteen states. Each of the states was represented on the American flag by a star. All these states were in the eastern part of the continent. As the nation grew toward the west, new states were added and new stars appeared on the flag. For a long time, there were 48 stars. In 1959, however, two more stars were added to the flag, representing the new states of Alaska and Hawaii.

Indians were the first people of the land which is now the United States. There are still many thousands of Indians now living in all parts of the country. Sometimes it is sai d that the Indians are “the only real Americans”. Most Americans come from all over the world. Those who came first in greatest numbers to make their homes on the eastern coast of North America were mostly from England. It is for that reason that the language of the United States is English and that its culture and customs are more like those of England than those of any other country in the world.

6. Which of the following is TRUE?

A. America is the largest country in the world.

B. The United States lies next to Canada and Mexico.

C. America covers most part of the North American continent.

D. Mexico is to the north of Canada.

7. After winning its independence, the United States _________.

A. had nothing to do with England

B. made India part of its land

C. mainly developed westward

D. took over parts of Canada and Mexico

8. The United States didn’t have ______ states until ________.

A. thirteen; 1959

B. fifty; 1959

C. fifty; this land first became a nation

D. fifty;1964

9. Why is English the language of America?

A. Because English is the native language of the Indians.

B. Because most Americans come from all over the world.

C. Because Canada is America’s nearest neighbor.

D. Because most of the people who first settled in America were from England.

10. T he best title for the passage is “ _________”.

A. the States of America

B. The language of America

C. The United States of America

D. The Culture and Customs of America

Passage 2

There was once an ant that was very thirsty.

It ran here and there looking for some water but could not find any.

Then suddenly, when the ant was almost ready to die of thirst, a large drop of water fell on it.

The ant drank the water, which saved its life.

The water was actually a tear from a young girl who was crying. Because of her sadness, the tear had magical qualities and suddenly the ant could speak the language of human beings.

The ant looked up and saw the young girl sitting in front of a huge pile of seeds.

"Why are you sad?" asked the ant.

"I'm the prisoner of a giant." the girl told the ant. "He won't let me go until I've made three separate heaps of grain, barley（大麦）and rye（黑麦）out of this huge pile of seeds in which they are all mixed together."

"That will take you a month!" the ant said, looking at the huge pile of seeds.

"I know," the girl cried, "and if I can’t finish by tomorrow, the giant will eat me for his supper!"

"Don't cry," the ant said, "my friends and I will help you."

Soon thousands of ants were at work, separating the three kinds of seeds.

The next morning, when the giant saw that the work had been done, he let the girl go.

Thus it was one of her tears that saved her life.

11. The ant was playing game running here and there.

A：T

B：F

12. A drop of water fell on the ant when it was nearly dying.

A：T

B：F

13. The young girl was crying because she wanted to have supper.

A：T

B：F

14. The giant would eat the girl if she failed to do the work.

A：T

B：F

15. The ant's friends saved the girl's life.

A：T

B：F

第三部分：词汇与结构（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）

此部分共有5个未完成的句子，针对每个句子中未完成的部分有4个选项，请从A、B、C、D

四个选项中选出正确选项。

16. I tried to put _____ a telephone call to him, but his line was always busy.

A. over

B. into

C. away

D. through

17. I hadn’t seen him for years, but I ______________ his voice on the telephone.

A. realized

B. recognized

C. discovered

D. heard

18. Neither Bill nor his parents __________ at home.

A. is

B. has

C. are

D. was

19. If you don’t want to get wet, you had better ________ this umbrella with you.

A. take

B. to take

C. taken

D. for taking

20. Did you notice the guy ______ head looked like a big potato?

A. who

B. which

C. whose

D. whom

第四部分：完型填空（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）

以下短文中共包含5个未完成的句子，针对每个句子中空缺部分有5个选项，请从A、B、C、D、E五个选项中选出正确选项。

Last night, a fire broke out in Ann's house in Manchester.

Ann's parents were out of town for the weekend when something wrong in the room caused the fire to 21 in the middle of the night. The girl was waken up by the family dog, Danny, who was barking loudly in the back garden. Ann smelled something 22 _. She got up and at once ran through the smoke-filled house to wake her old brother, Frank.

When Frank would not wake up, Ann got some help from the dog. Frank's unconscious body was far too 23 for the little girl to move alone , but the clever girl brought the dog inside and 24 the dog's leash （牵狗的皮带）to Frank's left ankle. She then held her brother's right ankle, and together the girl and the dog 25 Frank to safety.

The 10-year-old girl, Ann, saved her big brother from death.

21.

A：heavy

B：burning

C：start

D：pulled

E：tied

22.

A：heavy

B：burning

C：start

D：pulled

E：tied

23.

A：heavy

B：burning

C：start

D：pulled

E：tied

24.

A：heavy

B：burning

C：start

D：pulled

E：tied

25.

A：heavy

B：burning

C：start

D：pulled

E：tied

第五部分：英译汉（满分30分, 5 each）

请把下列6句英文翻译成中文。

26. I will finish reading this book in a week.

27. You should look around before you cross the street.

28. Tom’s father has taught English here since he graduated from Peking University.

29.Please give this book to whoever comes first.

30.Though it was late, they kept on working.

31.Apples here like water and sunshine.

第六部分：写作（满分10分）

要求在30分钟内，根据下面所给的题目和中文提纲用英语写出一篇不少于80词的短文。

工作申请

1．写明申请的职位。

2．陈述你的相关学习、工作经历。

3．联系方法。

大学英语（B）模拟试卷参考答案

第一部分：交际用语（满分15分）

1. D

2.C

3.B

4.A

5.C

第二部分：阅读理解（满分20分）

6. B

7. C

8. B

9.D 10.C

11.B 12.A 13.B 14.A 15.A

第三部分：词汇和结构（满分10分）

16. D 17. B 18. C 19. A 20.C

第四部分：完型填空（满分15分）

21. C 22. B 23. A 24. E 25. D

第五部分：英译汉（满分30分）

26. 我将在一周内读完这本书。

27. 在过马路之前，你应该向四周看看。

28．汤姆的父亲从北京大学毕业后就一直在这里教英语。29．请把这本书给最先来的人。

30．尽管已经很晚了，他们还在继续工作。

31.这里的苹果喜欢水和阳光。

第六部分：写作（满分10分）

（略）

一、基本原则

1. 按照文章先后顺序出题，如果没有顺序则要找到定位词

2. 考点唯一原则

3. 不涉及逻辑而考语言理解

4. 不能加入个人看法

二、TRUE题的特征

1.题目是原文的同义表达

2.题目是对原文的归纳总结

三、FALSE题的特征

1. 数字精确性

2.肯定与否定

3.多与唯一

4.可能性与绝对性

四、NOT GIVEN题的特征

1. 题目内容在原文完全未提到

2. 题目内容在原文部分未提到

3. 原文及题目只提到单一事物或者是状态的only题

4. 题目就事物的本质进行是非判断，而原文为第三者对该事物的评述或感知

5. 原文提到两个事物，但是没有在同一段落内表述，而题目涉及两者的关系

6. 两个事物在题目中是比较关系，而原文只提到其中任何一部分

7. 原文有发誓、决心、许诺、目的等表示状态的限定词，而题目去掉以上的限定成分

8. 其他情况

(二)第二部分——阅读判断题

阅读判断题在试题中是第16-22题(每题1分、共7题、共7分)，考试内容是根据给出的一篇短文提供的信息，对7个陈述句做出判断：Right(对)，Wrong(错)，Not Mentioned(未提及)。也就是在A、对，B、错，C、未提及，三个选项中选一个正确的答案。由于不类题目本身是不完善、不严密，存在着一定的缺陷，所以，做起来很容易模棱两可，较难把握。最麻烦的是，判断对、错及不提及，仅就原文所给的信息做出，与生活常识、平时知识理论没有任何关系，所以容易误导我们做出错误判断。在没有把握读懂原文的情况下，只有抓住大多数选项的规律，并掌握做题技巧，才能争取多选择正确的选项和多拿分。由于这类题是是非题，只要确定了一个选项就行了，所以，我们只需要根据原文的信息对给出的陈述句做出是非判断就行了。

1、做题步骤技巧：

做题总思路：先看各选项给出的陈述句内容并找出其关键词，接着浏览原文找出与陈述句关键词相关的句子或陈述句的出处位置，最后根据原文文意和其规律进行对比并做出是非判断。

(1)第一步：仔细考究和确定各陈述句内容的关键词。对不认识的关键词可直接查字典。

关键词的确定可根据：一是名词(含专有名词)或名词性短语;二是形容词、副词与其短语及其比较级;三是数字和年代;四是在文章中出现较少的前三项单词;五是一目了然、容易找并有利于确定答案的单词;六是陈述句的中心词;七是短语优先于单词作为关键词;八是数字和比较级优先于其原级与其它单词;九是文章标题中的、文章出现较多的单词以及动词一般不是关键词。

(2)第二步：从头到尾快速游览原文，根据关键词找出与该陈述句关系最密切(关联)的原文句子

(可能是一句或几句话)，或是句型相似、意思相同(相近、相反)。

方法是：一是将关键词与原文的每段话第一句、中间句或最后一句相对照，把陈述句定位到原文的某一段落后再确定与其关联的句子;一是直接根据陈述句的意思、句型和其所有的关键词一步到位，找出与陈述句关联的原文句子;

(3)第三步：仔细阅读与陈述句关联的句子(一句或几句话)，根据这些句子的信息及其规律与陈述句进行比较，运用下面介绍的做题技巧做出正确有判断。

2、做题步骤技巧注意事项:

(1)绝不可用先阅读原文后做题的步骤和方法;

(2)可以充分利用字典对关键词或关联句子进行翻译;

(3)注意7道陈述句的顺序，也就是说7道陈述句的出处是有顺序的，第一道题的答案应在文章的前部，第二道题的答案应在第一道题的答案之后，靠前的题应在靠前的段落寻找答案，靠后的题应在靠后的段落寻找答案。这个规律有助于我们快速确定答案的位置，切记!

3、做题技巧(做出判断的方法):

由于本类考题是是非判断题，其本身是有一定规律的，做这种题用的方法也是与其它类型的题很不一样的，为了使在做题中能做到“快又准”，在找出了与陈述句选项关联的句子后，如何根据这些句子的信息及其规律与陈述句进行比较并做出正确有判断，介绍以下几种方法，希望能在《考试用书》中加以练习，并结合“答案与题解”，对症下药、灵活运用，绝忌一知半解、刻舟求剑。

(1)选Right(对)的情况有：

1)陈述句是对原文关联句子的同义改写或相同意思的另一种表达;

常见的方式有：

A、关键词是同义词或同义结构(如词汇选项一样)，这可利用字典解决;

B、关键词是反义词(如加否定前缀un-，dis-，mis-，non-，ir-，il-等或后缀-less)，而陈述句又用了否定的形式;

C、陈述句完全是对关联句子相同意思的另一种表达，或是对关联句子的某一重要词的解释;

2)陈述句是对原文中几个关联句子意思的必然性推断或是归纳和总结;(这种情况一般是出现了相关联的几个句子，那么只有选对与错，如果关联句子之间意思是相反的，则只能是错的)，常见方式有：

A、出现与陈述句相关联的几个句子，各个句子之间是互相补充的关系;

B、出现与陈述句相关联的几个句子，各个句子之间是递进关系;

C、出现与陈述句相关联的几个句子，各个句子之间是对关键词的说明、解析。

(2)选Wrong(错)的情况有：(重点放在数词、副词、形容词和连词上)

1)陈述句与关联句子词义或意思相反;

常见方式有：

A、陈述句关键词与关联句子单词是反义词(单词加否定的前缀或后缀);

B、陈述句或关联句子用了否定或相反意思的副词(not，no)、形容词表示相反意思;

C、两者意思表达完全相反或者出入很大，要特别注意数字前后的连词、副词和形容词及短语(如nearly,neither.nor,at least等等)

2)陈述句与关联句子使用了表示大小、多少、范围、频率、可能性和可靠性等不同程度和状态的副词、形容词和连词;

常见方式有：

A、两者只有一方使用了表示不同程度和状态的副词、形容词或连词，如much,some,many,a

few,little,seldom,nearly,sometimes,almost,always,usually,all,unlikely,impossible等等;

B、两者双方都使用了表示不同程度和状态和副词、形容词或连词，但它们意思出入较大，如关联句子用some,many,a few,little,seldom,nearly, unlikely等，陈述句却用sometimes，almost，always，usually，all，impossible等;

3)关联句子是并列的多个条件，但陈述句只是其中一个条件(也就是选项中出现了must，only，need，have to等);

常见方式有：

A、陈述句子中有must，only，need，have to等表示绝对肯定一种情况的单词;

B、关联句子中有both，and，or，neither，nor，also，too等表示两种或多种情况的单词;

4)原文关联句子中包含条件状语的单词(如出现if，unless，until，in，with，but for，except for，as as，whereas，whenever等)，但陈述句中却没有条件成分，反之亦然。

5)原文关联句子是人们的主观感觉，而陈述句却是客观事实或被证实的事实，反之亦然，常出现feel，think，hope，consider，theory，fact，prove等等。

6)陈述句中若出现must，need，only，all，always，almost等单词时，一般不会是对的;

7)原文关联句子有几个，但意思相反。

如果以上太难记忆，我们可以直接记住以上的单词，一有出现，就直接选错，命中率也是很高的。

(3)选Not Mentioned(不提及)的情况有：

1)陈述句中的某些内容在原文中没有提及或找不到依据，即是与原文无关;

2)陈述句中涉及的范围小于原文关联句子的范围，即是陈述句描写的内容更加具体、更加详尽;如原文关联句子：I come from China.(我来自中国)，陈述句：I come from Guangdong City of China.(我来自中国广东省);

3)原文关联句子没有比较级，而陈述句中却用比较级;

4)原文关联句子是表示目的、愿望、发誓、想法、假想等主观意愿(如出现aim，purpose，promise，swear，vow或虚拟语气would，could等)，陈述句却用实义动词。如原文关联句子：My brother promised he would never come back..(我兄弟保证将永不回来)，陈述句子My brother never came back.(我兄弟再没有回来过).

当然，一般情况下，选Not Mentioned(不提及)的情况占的比例是较少的，但若的确找不到原文关联句子或且在原文中的确没有提及到陈述句的内容时，最好还是选它。

4、做题的注意事项和要求：

(1)绝对忠于原文。由于这种判断题增加了Not Mentioned(不提及)选项，所以，原文是判断答案的唯一依据，不能凭借任何自己的知识进行想当然的做题。即使陈述句说“人是猴子变的”，如果原文没有说，也只能答Not Mentioned(不提及)，而不能凭常识答选Wrong(错);

(2)三个选项只有唯一性，没有可能性，对就对，错就错，不提及就是不提及。如果有提及但又没有绝对判断是对的把握，建议选错;如果在原文中与错对都没有关系或者在原文中没有涉及的，建议选不提及;

(3)一般情况下，7道题三种答案都要出现，其中对错出现的机率大，Not Mentioned(不提及)只有在没有办法确定时才作为最后的选择，如果三种情况都有可能时，建设你选选Wrong(错);

(4)可能连续三题答案都一样，但连续四题答案都一样的情况甚少;

(5)绝对相信自己的第一感觉，只有完全肯定做错了才可以改答案;

(6)没有把握时选Wrong(错)，没有涉及时选Not Mentioned(不提及);

(7)不要想当然或钻牛角尖，考试时没有把握时，按以上的技巧和要求去做就行了。

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第五部分英译汉（2018年4月统考）全真翻译版 ----------------以下60必须掌握，可得分值20分------------------ 重点必须掌握以下1-60个，分值20分 30. In an age of plenty, we feel spiritual hunger. 在这个物质财富充裕的时代，我们感到精神上的饥渴。 31.A friend of mine from high school is working in England now.我高中的一个朋友目前在英格兰工作。 32.A lot of natural resources in the mountain area are to be exploited and used.那个山区有许多自然资源有待于开发利用。 33. As is known to all, China is a developing country. 众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。 34. Are you fond of music?你喜欢音乐吗？ 35. All that glitters is not gold. 闪光的东西，未必都是金子。 36. Life is meaningless without a purpose.没有目标的生活是毫无意义的。 37. Look out the window it's still raining today!看窗外，今天还在下雨。 38. My classmate is much cleverer than I.我的同学比我聪明多了。 39. Most students feel satisfied with the progress they’ve made.大多数学生对自己所取得的进步感到满意。 40. Our textbooks are very different from theirs.我们的教材与他们的教材很不一样。 41. People all over the world are trying to help the people in the quake-stricken areas.全世界人民都在尽力帮助遭受地震地区的人民。 42. She likes to help any one who is in difficulty.她乐意帮助任何一个有困难的人。 43. This box can hold more books than that one.这个箱子比那个箱子能装更多的书。 44. This new country hopes to establish friendly relations with all its neighbours.这个新成立的国家希望和所有邻国建立友好关系。 45.This place has plentiful material resources. 这个地方有丰富的物质资源。 46. The doctor had no choice but reach out to their colleagues across the nation.那个医生别无选择，只能向全国的同行救助。 47. The People's Republic of China (PRC), founded on October 1, 1949, covers an area of 9.6 million square kilometers.中华人民共和国成立于1949年10月1日，国土面积约960万平方公里。 48. The Olympic Games is an international sports event that takes place every four years.奥林匹克运动会是国际性的体育会，每四年主办一次。 49. The friend saw everything but did not say a single word.这位朋友看到了一切，却一言不发。 50. The doctor told me to have more water.医生让我多喝些水。 51. The students are encouraged to do more listening, reading and writing by their teacher.老师鼓励学生多听、多读、多写。 52. They thought that there must be something wrong with their TV set.他们认为电视机一定出了毛病了。 53.The more passions we have, the more happiness we are likely to experience. 我们的激情越 电大、各类远程网络教育统考大学英语B、计算机应用基础统考辅导

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