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英汉互译8-passive voice

Unit 8 the Passive Voice

The wide use of the passive is considered to be one of the outstanding features of the English language, especially in its scientific works. And the following is a typical example: in a short section with 14 predicate verbs, the passive accounts for 13.

Original English: As oil is found deep in the ground its presence cannot be determined by a study of the surface. Consequently, a geological survey of underground rock structure must be carried out. If it is thought t hat the rocks in a certain area contain oil, a “drilling rig” is assembled. The most obvious part of a drilling rig is called“a derrick”. It is used t o lift sections of pipe, which are lowered into the hole made by the drill. As the hole is being drilled, a steel pipe is pushed down to prevent the sides from falling in. If oil is struck, a cover is firmly fixed to the top of the pipe and the oil is allowed to escape through a series of valves.

Chinese version: 由于石油深埋地下，靠研究地表不能确定石油的有无。因此对地下岩层结构必须进行地质探测。如果认为某地区的岩层含石油，则在该处安装“钻机”。钻机中最显眼的部件叫“井架”。井架用来吊升分节油管，把油管放入由钻头打出的孔中。当孔钻成时，放入钢管防止孔壁坍塌。如发现石油，则在油管顶部紧固地加盖，让石油通过一系列阀门流出。

More instances of the passive voice may be found from Practical Translation Training. As we may see from it, the passive voice occurs 11times in a passage of 360 words.

?The standardized educational or psychological tests that are widely used to…标准化的教育或心理测试广泛用以……。

?…that can be measured will reasonable precision. 能测量出合理的精确度。

?All…are base d upon some knowledge of relevant past performance. 都基于一些有关过去表现的了解。

?How well the predictions will be validated b y later performance. 这些预测在多大程度上为后来的表现所证实。

?The skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.用以解释这些信息的技能和才智。

?In general, the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be more precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted canno t be well defined. 一般来说，当所要测定的特征能很精确地界定时，测试最为有效；而当所要测定或预测的东西不能明确地界定时，测试的效果则最差。

?Properly used, they provide…如果测试使用恰当，它们可以提供。。。。。。?…students whose high potential has not been previously recognized以前没有被公认的很有潜力的学生。

As we know from its grammar, English passive voice is used to indicate an unknown subject, for the purpose of emphasis, or for the sake of stylistic device, as shown in the following cases:

﹝1﹞When the active subject is unknown or cannot be readily stated, for example:

?We are kept strong and well by clean air. 洁净的空气使我们身体健康。

﹝2﹞When the actor (doer of the action) is known but need not be mentioned , for example:

?Visitors are requested no to touch the exhibits.观众请勿触摸展品。

﹝3﹞When the actor is emphasized for some special purpose, for example:

?The three machines can be controlled by a single operator. 这三台机器可以由一个人单独操纵。

﹝4﹞When the passive structure is used as a stylistic device to avoid the incoherence of structure shifting, for example:

?John was a lawyer’s son and was destined to the bar.约翰是律师的儿子，注定要当律师。Compared with English, Chinese has less passive structures. Therefore, in English-Chinese translation, we should try to convert the passive into various “active” patterns instead of sticking to the English patterns.

Ⅰ. The Passive Voice in English-Chinese Translation

The following are usual methods of translating English sentences in the passive voice.

1. Converting the Passive Voice into the Active

﹝1﹞Keeping the Original Subject Unchanged

?The whole country was armed in a few days. 几天之内全国就武装起来了。

?The sense of inferiority that he acquired in his youth has never been totally eradicated. 他在青少年时期留下的自卑感还远远没有完全消除。

?Every moment of every day, energy is being transformed from one form into another.每时每刻，能量都在由一种形式变为另一种形式。

﹝2﹞Changing Original Object into Subject

?By the end of the war 800 people had been saved by the organization.到大战结束时，这个组织拯救了800人。

? A new way of displaying time has been given by electronics.电子技术提供了一种新的显示时间的方法。

?Communications satellites are used for international live transmission throughout the word.

全世界都将通信卫星用于国际间的实况转播。

﹝3﹞Changing the Passive into the Predicative Verb “是”

?The picture was painted by Professor Smith.这幅画是史密斯教授画的。

?The house was built of wood in 1985.这座房子是1985 年用木头修建的。

?The volume is not measured in square millimeters. It is measured in cubic millimeters.体积不是以平方毫米计量的，而是以立方毫米计量的。

﹝4﹞Adding a Proper Subject to Make the Chinese Version Smooth

?To explore the moon’s surface, rockets were launched again and again.为了探测月球的表面，人们一次又一次地发射火箭。

?Salt is known to have a very strong corroding effect on metals.大家知道，盐对金属有很强的腐蚀作用。

?It is well known that smoking is harmful to the health. 众所周知，吸烟有害健康。2．Converting the Passive Voice into a Subjectless Sentence

Omission of the subject is one of the typical features of Chinese syntax. Therefore, in the practice of English-Chinese translation, we may translate the passive voice into a Chinese subjectless sentence.

?The unpleasant noise must be immediately put to an end.。必须立即终止这种讨厌的噪声。?Attention has been paid to the new measures to prevent corrosion. 已经注意到采取防腐新措施

?Best surface finish is provided by machining method, especially by grinding. 用机械加工方法，特别是磨削，可以获得最佳表面光洁度。

3. Keeping the Passive Structure Unchanged

Sometimes, we may keep the passive voice unchanged, especially when it comes to something unpleasant. And the following are some typical patterns.

(1) Rendering into Chinese by Using “被…..”or “给……”

?If the scheme is disapproved, work on the project will stop immediately. 如果方案被否决，这项工程将立即停工。

?At the end of the month he was fired for incompetence. 月底，他因不胜任工作而被解雇了。

?Any minute we would surely be spotted by enemy planes flying in and out of the airfield. 我们随时都会被出入机场的敌机发现。

(2) Rendering into Chinese by Using “遭……” or “受……”

?Our foreign policy is supported by the people all over the world. 我们的对外政策受到全世界人民的支持。

?He was set upon by two masked men. 他遭到两个蒙面男子的袭击。

?Everyone was fed up with her gossip. 人人都受够了她的流言飞语。

(3) Rendering into Chinese by Using “为……所”

?Such conduct will be looked down upon by all with a sense of decency. 这种行为将会为一切有良知的人所蔑视。

?As soon as all the facts have been found out, we can begin to formulate a theory. 一旦所有的事实为人们所发现，理论即可形成。

?All the buildings were destroyed in a big fire. 所有的建筑物均为一场大火所焚毁。4．Replacing the Passive Voice with Other Means

In some cases, however, the passive voice in English cannot be rendered into good Chinese by any of the above means. Therefore, it is up to the translator to adjust or remold the whole structure, trying to find a readable and smooth Chinese version. For example:

?The village is populated by about 130000farmers.这个村子里住着大约13000个农民。

?Most trees are denuded of leaves in winter. 大多数树木冬天要落叶。

?The news was passed on by words of mouth. 众口相传，消息不胫而走。

?She was delivered of a boy. 她生了一个男孩。

?He was told that two of them seemed unlikely to make the grade. 他已得知他们中有两个人好像不能及格。

?She and her husband have been asked o ut for the banquet. 她和丈夫应邀赴宴去了。

?He has been wedded to translation. 他与翻译结下不解之缘。

?She did not wish to be troubled.她不愿别人麻烦她。

Ⅱ. The Passive Structures in Chinese-English Translation

Owing to its unpleasant connotation, the passive structure is less commonly used in the Chinese language than in English, and more often than not, the passive implication of a Chinese sentence is disguised in its object-first structure. For example, “作业做完了”, “任务完成了”，“路修好了”，etc. These Chinese sentences, seemingly without passive labels, actually should be treated as passive structures. Generally speaking, Chinese passive structures may be roughly classified into two categories, i.e. sentence with or without the passive labels. When translated into English, both of them should be rendered into passive structures. Besides, some Chinese “active” structures also should be converted into the passive voice for the purpose of emphasis.

1.Chinese Sentences with Passive Labels

This category includes such Chinese expressions as “被、受、遭、给、让、挨、叫、为…所、加以、予以”, and so on. We may simply copy the Chinese passive structure and translated them

into corresponding English sentences.

?他被选为校学生会主席。He was elected Chairman of the Students’ Union of this university. ?她深受大学的尊敬。She is greatly respected by everyone.

?窗上的玻璃叫那个孩子打破了，他一定要挨骂的。The windowpane was broken by the child; he will certainly be scolded.

?社会主义思想体系已为全国人民所接受。Socialist ideology has been accepted by all the people of the country.

?该计划将由一个特别委员会加以审查。The plan will be examined by a special committee. However, not all Chinese sentences with passive labels should be translated into English passive voice, especially when an intransitive verb is involved.

?老太太被风吹病了。The old lady fell ill because of the draught.

?天太冷，水管都给冻住了。It was so cold that the water pipes froze.

2.Chinese Sentence without Passive Labels

Sentences of this category seem to be active in structure, but actually passive in meaning, with their subjects being logical objects of the predicate verbs.

?这座桥将在今年年底建成。The construction of the bridge will be completed by the end of this year.

?知识分子的问题就是在这样的基础上提出来的。On such a basis has the question of the intellectuals been raised.

?这个问题正在研究。The problem is now being studied.

?来宾请出示入场券。Visitors are requested to show their tickets.

3. Converting “Active” Structures into the Passive Labels

This is the usual case when the object of the action is emphasized, or for the sake of coherence.

?我国各族人民每年都要热烈庆祝“十一”国庆节。National Day is enthusiastically celebrated on Oct.1 by the Chinese people of all nationalities every year.

?中美已经建立了外交关系。Diplomatic relations have been established between China and the United States of America.

?Very soon he was surrounded by a crowd and was snow ed under with questions. 一群人立刻把他围住了，向他提出一个又一个的问题。

?他出现在舞台上，观众给予热烈的掌声。He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience.

?口试时，问了10个问题，她全都答对了。She was asked ten questions in the oral examination and answered every one of them correctly.

4. The Translation of Some Idiomatic Chinese Expressions

Some Chinese expressions may be conveniently converted into the English passive structure in the pattern “It be＋adj.(p.p.)＋that clause”.

?众所周知，火药是中国古代的四大发明之一。It is well-known that gunpowder is one of the four great inventions of the ancient Chinese people.

?据谣传，那场事故是由于玩忽职守而造成的。It is rumored that the accident was due to negligence.

?应该说，情况基本上是健康的。It should be said that the situation is basically sound.

?必须指出，有些问题还需要澄清。It must be pointed out that some questions have yet to be clarified.

Reflections and Practice

Discuss the following questions

1. When is the passive voice generally used in English?

2. What are the usual patterns involved in translation the English passive voice into Chinese?

3. Is there any passive voice in Chinese? Cite examples to support your argument.

4. What are the usual patterns of the Chinese passive structure? How should we use the technique of voice conversion in Chinese-English translation?

Put the following sentences into English.

1.旅客请在此填写“报关表”。

2.他准备给我一份工作，这让我大吃一惊。

3.采取“一国两制”适合中国国情，并非权宜之计。

4.请全系师生于周三下午二时在会议室集合，听报告。

5.很抱歉，因为雨太大，参观博物馆得推迟到明天了。

Put the following sentences into Chinese.

1.She bought a red and a yellow shirt.

2.She bought a red and yellow shirt.

3.This tool is no more useful than that one.

4.This tool is not more useful than that one.

5.He hurled the bone to the dog.

6.He hurled the bone at the dog.

7.The cup of tea is fairly hot.

8.The cup of tea is rather hot.

9.You may as well say so.

10.You might as well say so.

八年级英语上册翻译句子整理

八年级英语上册翻译句子整理 Unit5 据我所知，他将外出三个月。As far as I know,he will be away for three months. 我们教室有30米宽50米长。Our classroom is 30 meters wide and 50 meters long. 这个省的人口有一千万。The population of this province is ten million. 关于今天的旅行，请随意问任何问题。Feel free to ask me anything on today’s tour. 校长总是第一个到校。Headmaster is always the first one to get to school. 爬山运动是世界上最危险的运动之一。 Mountain climbing is one of the world’s most dangerous sports. 长城有多长？How long is the Great Wall? 我们应尽可能保护那些处于危险中的动物。 We should protect the animals in danger as possible as we can. 有不到2000只熊猫生活在剩余的森林里。 There are fewer than 2000 pandas living in the remaining forest 学生们正在为这次考试做准备。The students are preparing for the exam. 我大约一星期后就回来。I’ll be back in a week or so. 这座桥有多长？大约100米。How long is the bridge? It’s about one hundred meters long. 我们的老师总是第一个到校。Our teacher is always the first one to get to school. 这个大厅是我们教室的5倍。This hall is four times bigger than our classroom. 他们把森林里的树砍倒了。They cut down the trees in the forest. 在过去，很多人死于饥饿。In the past,many people died of hunger. 外面有一个妇女在扫地。There is a woman sweeping the floor. 你知道中国是最古老的国家之一吗？ Do you know China is one of the most ancient countries? 黄河是中国第二长河。The yellow river is the second longest river in China. 中国的人口比印度的人口多。The population of China is larger than that of India. 中国有超过5000年的历史，它比美国的历史要长的多。 China is more than 5000 years old. It has a much longer history than the US. 尼罗河比世界上任何一条其它河流都长。 The Nile is longer than any other river in the world. 世界上没有和太平洋一样大的海洋。No ocean in the world is as big as the Pacific Ocean. 面对危险，他很勇敢。He is brave in the face of danger.

2014春华师在线翻译作业

单选题第1题 (2) 分这些工人都是篮球的热心观众。 A、These workers are avid watchers of basketball matches. B、These workers are avid watchers of basketball. C、These workers are warmhearted watchers of basketball. 第2题 (2) 分她常常动不动就骂她的孩子们，但孩子们都知道她使刀子嘴豆腐心。 A、She was always scolding her children, but they knew that her scolding might be like a knife but her heart B、She was always scolding her children, but they knew her bark was worse than her bite. C、She was always scolding her children, but they knew that she was kindhearted while scolding. 第3题 (2) 分这个小女孩长得又漂亮又聪明，真是人见人爱。 A、This little girl is beautiful and clever. Indeed everybody here loves her. B、This little girl is very beautiful and clever. It is true everybody here loves her when they see her. C、This little girl is so beautiful and clever that no one who sees her can help loving her. 第4题 (2) 分 On these pages you get the story of what happened --- and how leading Americans see the priorities now. A、以下几页叙述的是事情的来龙去脉――以及美国领导人当前如何看待事情的轻重缓急。 B、以下几页叙述的是事情的来龙去脉――以及领导的美国人当前如何看待事情的轻重缓急。 C、以下几页叙述的是事情的来龙去脉――以及当领导的美国人当前如何看待事情的轻重缓急。第5题 (2) 分 His preoccupation with business left little time for his family. A、他全神贯注于事业，为他的家庭留下了很少的时间。 B、他对事业的全神贯注留给他家庭的时间很少。

八年级上册英语翻译完整

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八年级英语翻译题

八年级英语翻译题( 三) Class: Name: Marks: 一,单词拼写. 1.任务: 2.秘密: 3.勇气: 4.成功: 5.结果: 6.东方: 7.不可能: 8.避免: 9.警告: 10.满意的: 11.舒服的: 12.讨论: 13.丈夫: 14.拒绝: 15.表达: 16.残忍的: 17.文化: 18.骄傲的: 19.经历: 20.接受: 21．严格的：22、虽然：23、陌生人：24、特别：25、精神： 26、收到：27、完美的：28、条件：29、筹集：30。麻烦： 31、亚洲：32、死：33、欧洲：34。包括：35、推： 36、空间：37、注意：38、污染：39、悲伤的：40、富有的：41、感激的：42。考试：43、邀请：44、噪声：45、苦的：46、失败：47、航空公司： 48、担心的：49、活泼的：50 失望的：51、仔细地：52、西南：53、对话：54、打败：55、标准的： 56、电影院：57、任何地方：58、悲伤：59、思想：

二，翻译出下列词组或短语。 1、为了，目的是： 2、有能力干某事： 3、使振作起来： 4、与某人和解： 5、处理： 6、向、、、、、、道谢： 7、与、、、、、、相处：8、别紧张：9、期望干某事： 10、在白天：11、看不见：12、减速：13、仔细考虑： 14。、习惯于干某事：15、成立：16、例如：17、表演： 18、对、、、、、严格要求：19、最后：20、从、、、、、冲出： 21、两个半小时：22、到处：23、确信：24、忙于某事： 25．为、、、、、、、做准备：26、干某事花费某人多少金钱： 27、预定房间：28、情绪高昂的：29、令某人惊讶的是： 30、对、、、、、、感到很惊讶：31、对、、、、、、感到厌烦： 32、不再：33、在、、、、、、、脚下：34、罚款：三．句子翻译。 1、如果你破坏交通规则，你会被罚款。 2、大多数人觉得自行车比其他任何交通工具安全得多。 3、看来要打败他是不可能的。 4、如果人们遵守交通规则，那将会少点交通事故。 5、他直到有人叫他的名字他才抬起头。 6、三个男孩一看到对方，他们就高兴地跳起来。 7、当你在高兴地游玩时，我在忙于准备考试。

2015秋华师在线翻译

1．第1题张先生腋下夹着一本字典，手里端着茶杯，一边踱着步一边哼着一首流行歌曲。 A.Mr. Zhang carried a dictionary under his arm, held a cup in his hand, paced and hummed a tune. B.With a dictionary under his arm and a cup in his hand, Mr. Zhang was humming a popular tune as he paced. C.With a dictionary under his arm and a tea cup in his hand, Mr. Zhang was pacing while he hummed a popular tune. 您的答案：B 题目分数：2 此题得分：2.0 2．第2题俗话说，不怕不识货，就怕货比货。 A.Inferior goods can’t stand comparison, as the saying goes. B.As an old saying goes, we are not afraid that you do not know all about the goods but we are afraid that you compare the goods. C.As an old saying goes, don’t worry about not knowing about the goods; just compare and you will see which is better. 您的答案：A 题目分数：2 此题得分：2.0 3．第3题大院周围，乱乱地戳着一幢幢茅棚土屋，风雪猛烈地冲撞着家家的破门烂窗。 A.Around the manor lay a wretched and confused mass of thatched huts, whose windows and doors rattled miserably in the snowstorm. B.Around the manor stood the wretched and confused mass of thatched huts. The snowstorm was blowing violently and rattled the broken windows and doors of every house. C.There was a wretched and confused mass of thatched huts around the manor. The snowstorm was roaring and rattling the broken windows and doors of every house.