专题08 定语从句-三年高考(2016-2018)英语试题分项版解析(解析版)

2018年高考题

1.【2018·北京】5. She and her family bicycle to work, _________ helps them keep fit.

A. which

B. who

C. as

D. that

【答案】A

【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：她和家人骑自行车去上班，这有助于她们保持健康。“____ helps them keep fit”是非限制性定语从句，该从句修饰整个主句，引导词在从句中做主语，故该从句应用关系代词which 引导。A选项正确。

点睛：非限制性定语从句即可修饰主句的一部分，也可以修饰整个主句。其引导词的选择和限制性定语从句的判断规则一致，即：第一、找准先行词；第二、看先行词在定语从句中所作的成分。需要注意的是，that 不能引导非限制性定语从句。

2.【2018·天津】2. Kae, _________sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.

A. whom

B. that

C. whose

D. her

【答案】C

点睛：本题考查定语从句。定语从句是高考重点考查知识之一，分析定语从句需抓住两点：1.找准先行词；

2.看先行词在从句中所作的成分。抓住这两点，再根据句意，从而能够判断出正确的关系词。

3.【2018·江苏】23. Self-driving is an area _______ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.

A. that

B. where

C. which

D. when

【答案】B

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：自动驾驶是一个中国和世界其它国家都在同一起跑线的领域。句中先行词为area，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where，相当于in which。故选B。

点睛：本题考查定语从句。定语从句是高考重点考查知识之一，分析定语从句需抓住两点：1.找准先行词。

2.看先行词在从句中所作的成分。抓住这两点，再根据句意，从而能够判断出正确的关系词。

2017年高考题

【2017·北京卷】31. The little problems ______ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.

A. that

B. as

C. where

D. when

【答案】A

考点：考查定语从句。

【名师点睛】

定语从句的关系词分为关系代词（who, whom, whose, that, which, as 等）和关系副词（when, where, why等）。

1. 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在从句中充当主语、宾语，定语等成分。关系副词可代替的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。

eg. An architect is a person who / that designs houses and buildings.

The city where / in which I was born is on the new railway line.

2. 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，关系代词可省略（非限定性定语从句中不可省略）。

e.g. I find it difficult to cooperate with those who always stick to their own opinions.

I find it difficult to cooperate with the one who always sticks to his own opinion.

The suit (which / that ) the tailor made for me doesn’t fit me.

3. 非限定性定语从句中，关系词均不可省略。注意关系代词that, 关系副词why, 不可用于非限定性定语从句。

4. 作介词宾语的关系代词

在限制和非限制性定语从句中，关系代词作介词宾语，即介词+关系代词，whom用于指人，which用于指物，不能用that。

e.g. The man with whom you shook hands just now is head of our department.

Mrs. Nye, with whom you shook hands just now, is head of our department.

The room in which my family live used to be a garage.

【2017·江苏】28. In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of _______ purposes is to relieve

worldwide starvation.

A. which

B. it’s

C. whose

D. whom

【答案】C

【解析】

试题分析：考查定语从句。先行词是“the World Food Programme”，“世界粮食项目”的目的之一是……，whose在定语从句中作定语，这里限定purposes，故选C。句意：1963年联合国建立了世界粮食计划署，其目的之一就是为了缓解世界范围内的饥饿问题。

考点：考查定语从句

【2017·天津】9. My eldest son, _______ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.

A. that

B. whose

C. his

D. who

【答案】B

考点：考查定语从句。

【名师点睛】定语从句的考查主要就是考查关系词的辨析，关系代词that, which, whom, as，who在句中做主语，宾语，表语;whose做定语；where, why, when在句中做地点，原因和时间状语。要分析定语从句的成分，看缺少什么成分，就选用相应的关系词。学科@网

2016年高考题

1.【2016·北京】2

2. I live next door to a couple ________ children often make a lot of noise.

A. whose

B. why

C. where

D. which

【答案】A

【解析】

试题分析：题目考查定语从句的关系词。a couple是先行词，这对夫妻的孩子很吵，children和couple是所属关系，故用whose作定语，whose children相当于the children of whom，故选A。

考点：考查定语从句

【名师点睛】

定语从句的关系词分为关系代词（who, whom, whose, that, which, as 等）和关系副词（when, where, why等）。

1. 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在从句中充当主语、宾语，定语等成分。关系副词可代替的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。

eg. An architect is a person who / that designs houses and buildings.

The city where / in which I was born is on the new railway line.