2018届东莞市高三第一次调研考试英语试题

2018届东莞市高三第一次调研考试试题

英语

本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。满分120分（最终成绩按总

分135分进行折算），考试用时120分钟。

注意事项：

1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需

改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写

在本试卷上无效。

3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）

第一节（共15小题：每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A 、B 、C 和D ）中选出最佳选项，

并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

Inspiring young minds! TOKNOW Magazine is a big hit in the world of children?s publishing, bringing a unique combination of challenging ideas and good —evidence shows that thousands of teachers and parents know a good thing when they see it and recommend TOKNOW to their friends.

Happy Birthday All Year! What could be more fun than a gift that keeps coming through the letterbox every month? The first magazine with your gift message will arrive in time for the special day.

SUBSCRIBE NOW Annual Subscription Europe ￡55 Rest of World ￡65

Annual Subscription with Gift Pack Includes a Mammoth Map, a passport Puzzle Booklet, and Subscription Europe ￡60 Rest of World ￡70

Refund Policy—the subscription can be cancelled within 28 days and you can get your money back.

21. Why is TOKNOW a special magazine?

A. It entertains young parents.

B. It provides serious advertisements.

C. It publishes popular science fictions.

D. It combines fun with complex concepts.

22. What does TOKNOW offer its readers?

A. Online courses.

B. Articles on new topics.

C. Lectures on a balanced life.

D. Reports on scientific discoveries.

23. Subscribers of TOKNOW would get .

A. free birthday presents

B. full refund within 28 days

C. membership of the TOKNOW club

D. chances to meet the experts in person

B

Benjamin West,the father of American painting, showed his talent for art when he was only six years of age. But he did not know about brushes before a visitor told him he needed one. In htose days ,a brush was made from camel?s hair. There were no camels nearby. Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead. He cut some fur from the family cat to make a brush.

The brush did nott last long. Soon Benjamin needed more fur. Before long, the catbegan to look ragged （蓬乱）. His father said that the cat must be sick. Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing.

The cat?s lot was about to improve.That year, one of Benjamin?s cousins, Mr.Pennington, came to visit. He was impressed with Benjamin?s drawings. When he went home, he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes. He also sent six engravings（版画）by an artist. These were the forst pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen.In 1747，when Benjamin was nine years old，Mr.Pennington retured for another visit .He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift.He asked Benjamin?s parents if he might take the boy to Philadelphia for a visit.

In the city, Mr.Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings.The boy began a landscape (风景) painting.Wiliams ,a well-known painter,came to see him work . Wiliams was impressed with Benjamin and gave him two classic books on painting to take home .The books were long and dull. Benjamin could read only a

little,having been a poor student.But he later said,”Those two books were my companions by day,and under my pillow at night.”While it is likely that he understood very little of the books,they were his introduction to classical paintings.The nine-year-old boy decided then that he would be an artist.

24. What is the text mainly about?

A. Benjamin?s visit to Philadelphia.

B. Williams? influence on Benjamin.

C. The beginning of Benjamin?s life as an artist.

D. The friendship between Benjamin and Pennington.

25. What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 suggest?

A. The cat would be closely watched.

B. The cat would get some medical care.

C. Benjamin would leave his home shortly.

D. Benjamin would have real brushes soon.

26. What did Pennington do to help Benjamin develop his talent?

A. He took him to see painting exhibitions.

B. He provided him with painting materials.

C. He sent him to a school in Philadelphia.

D. He taught him how to make engravings.

27. Williams? two books helped Benjamin to ________.

A. master the use of paints

B. appreciate landscape paintings

C. get to know other painters

D. make up his mind to be a painter

C

This month, Germany?s transport minister, Alexander Dobrindt, proposed the first set of rules for autonomous vehicles(自主驾驶车辆).They would define the driver?s role in such cars and govern how such cars perform i n crashes where lives might be lost.

The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the “death valley” of autonomous vehicles: the grey area between semi-autonomous and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless future.

Dobrindt wants three things: that a car always chooses property(财产) damage over personal injury; that it never distinguishes between humans based on age or race; and that if a human removes his or her hands from the driving wheel —to check email, say —the car?s maker zxxk is responsible if there is a crash.

“The change to the road traffic law will permit fully automatic driving,” says Dobrindt. It will put fully driverless cars on an equal legal footing to human drivers,

he says.

Who is responsible for the operation of such vehicles is not clear among car makers, consumers and lawyers. “The liability(法律责任) issue is the biggest one of them all,” says Natasha Merat at the University of Leeds, UK.

An assumption behind UK insurance for driverless cars, introduces earlier this year, insists that a human “ be watchful and monitoring the road” at every moment.

But that is not what many people have in mind when thinking of driverless cars. “When you say …driverless cars?, people expect driverless cars.”Merat says. “You know — no driver.”

Because of the confusion, Merat thinks some car makers will wait until vehicles can be fully automated without operation.

Driverless cars may end up being a form of public transport rather than vehicles you own, says Ryan Calo at Stanford University, California. That is happening in the UK and Singapore, where government-provided driverless vehicles are being launched.

That would go down poorly in the US, however. “The idea that the government would take over driverless cars and treat them as a public good would get absolutely nowhere here,” says Calo.

28. What does the phrase “death valley” in Paragraph 2 refer to?

A. A place where cars often break down.

B. A case where passing a law is impossible.

C. An area where no driving is permitted.

D. A situat ion where drivers? role is not clear.

29. The proposal put forward by Dobrindt aims to __________.

A. stop people from breaking traffic rules

B. help promote fully automatic driving

C. protect drivers of all ages and races

D. prevent serious property damage

30. What do consumers think of the operation of driverless cars?

A. It should get the attention of insurance companies.

B. It should be the main concern of law makers.

C. It should not cause deadly traffic accidents.

D. It should involve no human responsibility.

31. What could be the best title for passage?

A. Autonomous Driving: Whose Liability?

B. Fully Automatic Cars: A New Breakthrough

C. Autonomous Vehicles: Driver Removed

D. Driverless Cars: Root of Road Accidents

D

Hollywood?s theory that machin es with evil(邪恶) minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics（控制论）, put it this way: “If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere(干预), we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire.”

A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things: a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by humans; it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard.

The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists. Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work: we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines.

Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teams—yet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just “switch them off” as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility. Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11, 1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, “Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.” However, on September 12,

1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced(中子诱导) nuclear chain reaction.

32. Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may .

A.satisfy human?s real desires

B. run out of human control

C. command armies of killer robots

D. work faster than a mathematician

33. Machines with specific purposes are associated with living things partly because

they might be able to .

A. prevent themselves from being destroyed

B achieve their original goals independently

C. do anything successfully with given orders

D. beat humans in international chess matches

34. According to some researchers, we can use firewalls to .

A. help super intelligent machines work better

B. be secure against evil human beings

C. keep machines from being harmed

D. avoid robots? affecting the world

35. What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines?

A. It will disappear with the development of AI.

B. It will get worse with human interference.

C. It will be solved but with difficulty.

D. It will stay for a decade.

第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

How to Do Man-on-the-Street Interviews

The man-on-the-street interview is an interview in which a reporter hits the streets with a cameraman to interview people on the sport. 36 But with these tips, your first man-on-the-street interview experience can be easy.

When your boss or professor sends you out to do man-on-the-street interviews for a story, think about the topic and develop a list of about ten general questions relating to it. For example, if your topic is about environmental problems in America, you might ask, “Why do you think environmental protection is important in America?”

_____37_____

Hit the streets with confidence. ____38_____ Say, “Excuse me, I work for XYZ News, and I was wondering if you could share your opinion about this topic.” This is a quick way to get people to warm up to you.Move on to the next person if someone tells you she is not inter. Don?t get discouraged.

●39 Each interview that you get on the street shouldn?t be longer than ten minutes. As soon as you get the answer you need, move on to the next person. Make sure that as you go from interview to interview, you are getting a variety of answers. If everyone is giving you the same answer, you won?t be able to use it. A safe number of interviews to conduct is about six to ten. 40

● If your news station or school requires interviewees to sign release forms to appear on the a ir, don?t leave work without them.

A. Limit your time.

B. As you approach people, be polite.

C. If you don?t own a camera, you can buy one.

D. For new reporters, this can seem like a challenging task.

E. To get good and useful results, ask them the same question.

F. That number of interviews should give you all the answers you need.

G. With a question like this, you will get more than a “Yes” or “No” reply.

第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）

第一节完形填空（共20 小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A, B, C, D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

For a long time Gabriel didn?t want to be involved in music at all. In his first years of high school, Gabriel would look pityingly at music students, 41 across the campus with their heavy instrument cases, 42 at school for practice hours 43 anyone else had to be there. He swore to himself to 44 music, as he hated getting to school extra early.

45 , one day, in the music class that was 46 of his school?s standard curriculum, he was playing idly（随意地）on the piano and found it 47 to pick out tunes. With a sinking feeling, he realized that he actually 48 doing it. He tried to hide his 49 pleasure from the music teacher, who had 50 over to listen. He might not have done this particularly well, 51 the teacher told Gabriel that he had a good 52 and suggested that Gabriel go into the music store-room to see if any of the instruments there 53 him. There he decided to give the

cello（大提琴）a 54 . When he began practicing, he took it very 55 . But he quickly found that he loved playing this instrument, and was 56 to practicing it so that within a couple of months he was playing reasonably well.

This 57 , of course, that he arrived at school early in the morning, 58 his heavy instrument case across the campus to the 59 looks of the non-musicians he had left 60 .

41. A. travelling B. marching C. pacing D. struggling

42. A. rising up B. coming up C. driving up D. turning up

43. A. before B. after C. until D. since

44. A. betray B. accept C. avoid D. appreciate

45. A. Therefore B. However C. Thus D. Moreover

46. A. part B. nature C. basis D. spirit

47. A. complicated B. safe C. confusing D. easy

48. A. missed B. disliked C. enjoyed D. denied

49. A. transparent B. obvious C. false D. similar

50. A. run B. jogged C. jumped D. wandered

51. A. because B. but C. though D. so

52. A. ear B. taste C. heart D. voice

53. A. occurred to B. took to C. appealed to D. held to

54. A. change B. chance C. mission D. function

55. A. seriously B. proudly C. casually D. naturally

56. A. committed B. used C. limited D. admitted

57. A. proved B. showed C. stressed D. meant

58. A. pushing B. dragging C. lifting D. rushing

59. A. admiring B. pitying C. annoying D. teasing

60. A. over B. aside C. behind D. out

第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The tea culture of China is 61(amaze) and has a long history. Tea drinking was widespread in China for about one thousand years 62appearing in Europe.

Tea drinking in China enjoys wide popularity. Many people nowadays go to expensively decorated teahouses 63(talk) business. However, tea drinking is very complex. Many factors contribute to 64enjoyable experience. It starts with the surroundings. In the past, tea drinking took place in a setting 65"spring water

runs on marble". At present, in order to create such atmosphere, teahouses66 (decorate) with traditional paintings and furniture. Besides, there is always a 67 (perform) of a traditional Chinese musical instrument, such as the guzheng, pipa and erhu. Water 68(use) for tea also matters. In the old days, the water that came from melted snow was regarded as the best. Today no one collects snow any longer because of pollution and what people use is bottled water. Red tea, together with green tea, oolong tea and pu?er tea69(rank) the top four favorites. The first three types of tea are processed usin g similar methods but pu?er tea uses a70(total) different method.

第三部分写作（共两节，满分35分）

第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题l分，满分10分）

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：

1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

I just come back from Britain last week. I was luckily enough to be one of the student from different countries to visit the UK from Feb. 16 to 28. We paid a visit to many places, like London, Oxford or the Lake District. I learned much about British culture and history in London, where was my favorite. I also liked Oxford, in which I saw much more old buildings. The Lake District was beautiful, but it was pity that it rained heavily when they were there. The most excited thing for me in the Britain was that I made a lot of friends there.

第二节书面表达(满分25分)

假定你是李华。你的美国笔友Tom对中国文化有浓厚的兴趣。恰好你校今年暑假将为外国学生举办一场汉语夏令营活动(Chinese Summer Camp)，请你给他发一封电子邮件，内容包括

1．时间和地点；

2．内容：学习日常汉语、了解中国历史和传统文化、参观博物馆等；

3．报名方式和截止时间

注意：

1．词数100左右；

2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Tom,

Here comes a piece of good news.

Yours,

Li Hua