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初高中衔接:谓语与非谓语动词的区别详解

初高中衔接:谓语与非谓语动词的区别详解
初高中衔接:谓语与非谓语动词的区别详解

初中非谓语动词大总结(系列)

第一部分:谓语与非谓语的区别

高中段老师在讲解非谓语动词的概念的时候,会出现很大的困难,学生在理解这个用法灵活的概念遇到了极大的障碍,它虽然是动词,但却可以承担除了谓语之外的若干种成份,这就让学生在理解这类词的用法时产生了较大的偏差,究其根源在于,在初中段,老师们没有对谓语和非谓语动词进行一个明确的界定,所以才导致了许多高一新生在高一第一学期必修一的第一单元中听不懂老师所说的“过去分词做定语”之类的专业术语,以至于对这一类题目常常不知所措,笔者根据多年的高中教学经验,特此总结了初中英语非谓语部分的用法,较全面,如果再加了配套练习,就更好用,希望能与各位同仁分享

明确界定谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别

原则一:在一个句子,一般一个主语应配套一个谓语,(并列谓语除外),如一个主语后跟了两个动词,就应该有一个是谓语动词,一个应该是非谓语动词,这种情况在我们汉语中叫做“连动”

如:我去书店买一些书,在此句中,只有一个主语“我”,却有两个动词“去”和“买”,那么“去”就应该是谓语动词,“买”就应该是非谓语动词

例句:(1)I went to the bookshop to buy some books

谓语非谓语

(2)He enjoys playing basketball

谓语非谓

(3)I sing and play my favourite songs

并列谓语

.

原则二:谓语动词体现的时态,与时间状语有关

非谓语与时态无关

(1)He enjoys reading books every day

谓语(现在时)非谓现在时标志时间状语

(2)He enjoyed reading books last year

谓语(过去时)非谓语过去时标志时间状语

谓语动词会受时间状语的影响,体现各种时态

非谓语动词不受时间状语的影响,与时态无关,与主语的单复数无关原则三谓语与非谓语的形式不同,谓语主要体现十六种基本时态(含被动),而非谓只有三种固定形式(被动和完成)to do , doing , done

如He finished reading the novels

过去时doing

He has something to be sent

现在时to do被动

They were rebuilding the damaged house

过去进行时done

Kate had found the missing boy

过去完成时doing

Having realized the secret ,he was angry

Doing 完成过去时

小结:谓语动词的形式有did , does , be doing have/has done had done etc 非谓语动词的形式有to do ,doing , done , to be done ,being done , having

done ,

注意:(1)doing 算做是非谓语而be+doing 算做是非谓语

(3)例如:go –went-gone 可以轻易区分go 和went 算谓语而

gone属于过去分词是非谓

(4)但是如find-found-found play-played-played类似这样

的词其过去时和过去分词一样,如果你在选项中看到played要

从两个方面考虑,A 谓语动词过去时 B 非谓语动词过去分词

原则四:谓语动词与非谓语动词的顺序并不是一定有先后的

如(1)The damaged house was in ruins

非谓(过去分词)谓语(过去时)

(2)He played the songs written by JouJou

谓语(过去时)非谓(过去分词)

证明:第一句是先非谓后谓语,而第二句是先谓语后非谓语

1.There ______ no bus, we had to walk home.

There ______ no bus and we had to walk home.

A. was

B. being

C. be

D. to be 答案:BA

解题方法:先看选项,AC是谓语BD是非谓语

第二个题目是并列句,所以前后是两个句子,and之前的句子缺的就是谓语动词,又由had 决定了是过去时,所以用was

第一道题目,前后两部分之间用逗号分开,所以不是并列句,所以前一部分是后一部分的状语,也就不是句子,所以选非谓语,用being

2.The girl ______ in a red coat is Mary.

The girl is ______ Mary now.

解题方法:先看题目,第一道题目中有一个动词is ,所以缺少的是非谓语动词,应该从ABD中选过去分词词be dressed in ,所以选用dressed .第二道题目缺少谓语动词,前面有is 算be 应该选dressing 构成进行时(谓语动词)

A. dressed

B. dressing

C. dress

D. to dress 答案:AB

高中英语非谓语动词

语法复习十二:非谓语动词(一)——动词不定式 动词不定式、分词(现在分词,过去分词)和动名词统称为非谓语动词。现代英语将现在分词和动名词合为一大类叫作v + ing形式。这些动词的形式不能在句中单独作谓语用,因而没有语法主语。但可以有逻辑主语。由于没有语法主语,也就不受人称和数的限定,因为不是谓语,也就没有时态和语态,但这些词仍能表示动作和状态,所以仍有表示与其他动词相对时间关系的形式。由于与其它词有逻辑上的主谓关系,因此也有表示主、被动的形式,同时也有自己的宾语和状语,一起构成非谓语动词的短语(动词不定式短语,分词短语,动名词短语)。非谓语动词在英语语法中占有特殊且重要的位置。非谓语动词形式多样,应用广泛,且在句中起着很活跃的作用,也是语法项目中的重点和难点,学好非谓语动词,才能正确进行口语和书 it 所表示的动作不是主语plan产生的。)We are to set up another middle school for the peasants’ children.我们将为农民的子弟再成立一所中学。(句中的are to set up整个结构为句中谓语,主语为we,同时也是动词不定式to set up所表示的动作的逻辑主语,即动词不定式to set up所表示的动作是由we产生的)。 (3)作宾语:①作及物动词的宾语,如:She wishes to be a musician.;②作某些形容词的宾语:可以有动词不定式为宾语的形容词一般有glad, sorry, afraid,

pleased, determined, willing, eager, anxious, ready, sure等,如:I am determined to give up smoking.;③动词不定式一般不作介词的宾语,但动词不定式之前如有疑问词时,就可作介词的宾语,如:Can you give us some advice on what to do next? (4)作宾语补足语,如:Tell the children not to play on the street. 如果句中的谓语动词为see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等,作宾语补足语的动词不定式须将to省去,如:I saw a little girl run across the street. (5)动词不定式在句中作宾语,如带有宾语补足语时,须先用it作形式宾语,而将该动词不定式后置,如:I don’t think it right to do it that way. (6)作定语:动词不定式作定语时,须位于被其修饰的名词或代词之后,如:Is this the best way to help him? 和定语用的动词不定式如果是不及物动词,不定式后面就要用必要的介词,如:He is the man to depend on. 如果被不定式修饰的名词为place, time, way,不定式后面的介词,习惯上可以省去,如:The old man is looking for a quiet place to live. (7)作状语:动词不定式可以作下列的状语:①目的状语:Every morning he gets up very early to read English. 为了强调不定式表示目的的作用,可在不定式前加in order to或so as to(以便或为了),但应注意in order to位于句首或句中均可,而so as to不能位于句首,如:She reads China Daily every day in order to (so as to) improve her English. 将表示目的的不定式置于句首,也可强调目的的作用,如:To master a foreign language, one must work hard at it. ②结果状语:They lived to see the liberation of their home town.他们活到亲眼见到了他们家乡的解放。③too + 形容词或副词+ 动词不定式,表示“足能…”的结果,如:You are old enough to take care of yourself now. 3、复合结构不定式:由for + 名词(或代词宾格)+ 动词不定式即构成复合结构的动词不定式。其中for本身无意义。for后面的名词或代词是不定式的逻辑主语,这种不定式在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语或状语,如:It is very important for us to get everything ready for the harvest. 当作表语用的形容词表示不定式的逻辑主语的性质或特征时,就用介词of而不用for引出不定式的逻辑主语,这些形容词一般有good, nice, kind, wise, silly, stupid, foolish, right, wrong, careless, impolite等,如:It is very kind of you to help him every day. 4、疑问词+ 动词不定式:疑问代词和疑问副词后可加动词不定式构成不定式短语,在句中可作主语、表语或宾语,如:How to prevent them from swimming in this river is a problem. 5、动词不定式的否定式:动词不定式的否定式是由not + 动词不定式构成,如:It’s wrong of you not to attend the meeting. 6、动词不定式的时态形式所表示的时间关系:(1)一般式:动词不定式一般式所表示的动作是和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,但在多数情况下,是在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生,如:We decided to plant more trees this spring.(其后),They often watch us play table tennis.(同时);(2)完成式:动词不定式完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前,如:I am sorryto have kept you waiting.

高中非谓语动词讲解版

词谓语动非在句中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式、动名词和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词). 不定式 一、不定式的作用 1、作主语不定式作主语时,谓语用单数。往往用it 作形式主语,把不定式放在谓语后面。如: It took us two hours to finish the job. It is impossible for us to get there on time. It is very kind of you to help us. 注意:(1)其他系动词如look, appear等也可用于此句型。 (2)当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时,不能用It is …to…的句型。试比较: It is to negate my own idea to believe him.(错) To believe him is to negate my own idea .(对) (3)It is+ adj. of / for sb. to do sth. 结构中,当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词可以构成系表结构时,用of, 否则用for. 2、作宾语 (1)动词+不定式。如: He managed to escape from the fire. I find it hard to get along with him.(it 作形式宾语) 注:下列动词通常用不定式作宾语:want, try, hope, wish, need, forget, know, promise, refuse, help, decide, begin, start, learn, agree, choose, get等 不定式”相当于名词,作宾语。如:+“特殊疑问句+to , 疑问词+动词)2(.t know what to do next/ how to do it next. I don't decide when to go there. I can'注意:不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后,用it 作形式宾语。如:I find it necessary to learn a foreign

高考英语高中英语语法之【非谓语动词】山东重点中学

第四章非谓语动词 第一节基本知识与基本概念 【什么是非谓语动词?】 用最庸俗的方式说,动词在使用中一般有六种形式:原形,单数第三人称形式,过去式形式,不定式形式,-ing形式,-ed形式。其中,前三种形式可以单独作谓语,而后三种则没有这个能力。如: I do the housework every morning. My wife never does anything at home. But she did it when we first got married. 以上三个句子就是很正确的英语。但是,如果把其中的谓语换成to do, doing, done就不成立了。这就是上面说的它们三个没有能力独立作谓语。其中,“独立”二字非常重要,因为,如果有其他词的帮助,就可以了。如: The Whites are planning to buy a third car. They have sold their house. 综上所述,所谓的非谓语动词指的就是动词的不定式形式,-ing形式,-ed形式等三种形式。与非谓语动词相关的考点也都将围绕着这三种形式展开。 【非谓语动词形式的基本特征】 一、不定式形式,-ing形式,-ed形式均没有“时”的标记。但不定式形式和-ing形式有“体”和“态”的特征。既前面二者有一般进行体、完成体和完成进行体之分;有主动态和被动态之分。-ed形式比较特殊,它既没有“时”的标记,也没有“体”和“态”的特征。 二、非谓语动词也有及物不及物之分;如果是及物动词又有单宾、双宾和复合宾语及物动词之分。因此,非谓语动词后面同样可以有补足成分。如: 跟补语:to feel thirsty getting cold 跟宾语:to do one’s work drinking wine 跟状语:to fly high eating carelessly 三、非谓语动词也有否定形式,即把否定词not直接置于其前。如: to do --- not to do doing --- not doing having done --- not having done 四、非谓语动词词组中的不定式和-ing形式在句子中可以起名词词组的作用。如: To teach is to learn twice. Drinking will not help you out of the trouble. He was accused of polluting the lake. 以上诸例中的to teach, to learn, drinking, polluting这些结构既有动词的意义,有起到了名词词组的作用。这样的功能在谓语动词形式(do, does, did)来说,是绝对没有的。这也是同学们经常在写作中犯的错误之一。-ed形式也没有这个功能。 五、非谓语动词形式可以起形容词的作用。如: drinking water smiling faces a frozen pond boiled eggs 【什么是逻辑主语和逻辑宾语】 逻辑主语和逻辑宾语是老师讲解非谓语动词相关知识经常提及的两个概念。它们是针对语法主语和语法宾语提出来的。从语法上讲,只有句子的谓语动词才有资格有自己的语法上的主语和语法上的宾语,就是我们平时所说的主语和宾语。如果该动词作的不是谓语动词,那

高中英语语法总结-非谓语动词

非谓语动词 在句中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式、动名词和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词) 不定式 一、不定式的作用 1、作主语不定式作主语时,谓语用单数。往往用it 作形式主语,把不定式放在谓语后面。如: Ittookus two hoursto finish the job. It is impossible for usto get there on time. It is very kind ofyou to help us. 注意:(1)其他系动词如look, appear等也可用于此句型。 (2)当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时,不能用It is…to…的句型。试比较:Itis tonegate my ownidea to believe him.(错) To believe himis to negatemyown idea .(对) (3)It is+ adj.of /for sb. todosth. 结构中,当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词可以构成系表结构时,用of, 否则用for. 2、作宾语 (1)动词+不定式。如: He managedto escape fromthe fire. I find it hard to getalongwithhim.(it 作形式宾语) 注:下列动词通常用不定式作宾语:want,try, hope, wish,need, forget,know,promise, ref

use, help, decide,begin,start,learn,agree,choose, get等 (2)动词+疑问词+to , “特殊疑问句+不定式”相当于名词,作宾语。如: I don’tknow what to do next/ howtodo it next. I can’tdecide whentogo there. 注意:不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后,用it 作形式 宾语。如:I findit necessary tolearn a foreign language. 3、作宾语补足语 (1)动词+宾语+不定式(to do )。如: He warnedmeto becareful. I want you to speak toTom. Whatmakes you think so?(不带to的不定式) 注:可以用动词不定式做宾补的动词有:ask, tell, order ,want ,get, would like, like, advise,invite,allo w,help,wish,warn, expect, prefer,encourage (2)表见解、看法的动词结构可为:动词+宾语+to be 的不定式结构。如: We consider Tom to be one of the best students in ourclass. The bookis believed to be useful.(被动语态) (3) There +不定式。如: We didn’texpect there tobe so manypeople there.我们没料到会有那么多人在那里。注意:(1)有些动词需用as短语作补语,像regard, think, believe,take,consider。如: We regardTom asour bestteacher. 我们认为汤姆是我们最好的老师。 Marytook himasher father. 玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。 (2)在动词feel(一感),hear,listen to(二听),have,let, make(三让),notice,see, watch, observe, look at(五看)(即:吾看三室两厅一感觉)等后面的补足语中,不定式不带to,但变为被动语态后,必须带to。如: Theysaw theboy fall off thetree. The boywasseen to fall off thetree. (3)help后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带to,也可以不带to. I often help him(to)clean the room. I helpedhim (to) find histhings. 4、作定语 不定式作定语,修饰名词或代词,不定式和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系、动状关系、同位关系或动宾关系。不定式通常要放在这些被修饰的词后。如: I havea lot of workto do.(动宾关系) Heis looking for a roomto livein.(动状关系) He isthe firstpersonto think of the idea.(主谓关系) Hehas got achance to goabroad.(同位关系) 注意:1.不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语时,不定式用主动形式表被动。如: Doyou haveanything elseto say? 2.如果作定语的不定式是一个短语,则要保留不定时短语中的副词或介词。如: I need a pen to write with .(I willwirte withthe pen ) (我需要一直钢笔写字) I have a littlebaby to lookafter.(I must look afterthe little baby )(我有一个婴儿要照看)

高中英语非谓语动词用法详解及练习(含答案详解)

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