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微观经济学期末试卷

汕头大学2008 至 2009学年第一学期《微观经济学》试卷

学院年级姓名学号分数评卷 Part I. Multiple choice (1 points per each, 20 points in total)

1. The demand curve for color TV sets might shift to the left because ( C ).

A. The price of color TV sets increases

B. The price of black-and-white TV sets increases

C. Consumers expect that the price of color TV sets will fall

D. Consumers’ income increases

2. Among the following cost curves, ( B ) is NOT U-shaped.

A. Average Variable Cost

B. Average Fixed Cost

C. Average Total Cost

D. Marginal Cost

3. In terms of market structure, ( D ) is close to perfectly competitive market.

A. Automobile

B. Cigarette

C. Newspaper

D. Agricultural produce

4. At the optimal output level of monopolists, ( A ).

A. MR = MC

B. P = MC

C. Price = the minimum of A VC

D. Price is the highest

5. If you exhibit the endowment effect as a decision maker, then you are ( C )

A. deciding on the basis of sunk costs.

B. buying something you can't really afford because you expect to save in the future.

C. ignoring opportunity costs.

D. consuming based on celebrity endorsements.

6. One limitation of the Coase Theorem is that ( D ).

A. it is valid only when there are many producers

B. it is valid only when there are many consumers

C. it is valid only when property system is well established

D. it is not valid when transaction costs are high

7. Which of the following is correct about a simple circular flow model? ( C )

A. Producers are neither buyers nor sellers in the product market.

B. Households are sellers in the product market.

C. Producers are buyers in the factors market.

D. None of these are correct.

8. A firm will shut down in the short run if the price is below ( A ).

A. Average variable cost

B. Average total cost

C. Average fixed cost

D. Marginal cost

9. In terms of dividing the tax burden, consumers (not producers) will pay the tax if ( C ).

A. price elasticity of supply and price elasticity of demand are both very large

B. price elasticity of supply is close to zero

C. price elasticity of demand is close to zero

D. price elasticity of supply and price elasticity of demand are similar

10. The ultimate purpose of patents and copyrights is to ( D )

A. provide owners with large profit forever.

B. protect firms from being taken advantage of by competing firms.

C. protect domestic firms from foreign competition.

D. encourage the expenditure of funds on research and development to create new products.

11. The substitution effect results in ( D )

A. sellers substituting less expensive inputs in production.

B. buyers buying more of a good because their purchasing power has increased.

C. sellers producing products when input prices fall.

D. buyers buying more of a relatively cheaper good.

12. A cartel whose members adhere to the agreement is typically able to ( B )

A. break even.

B. earn large profits.

C. entirely avoid competitive forces.

D. produce a large amount of output.

13. Businesses feel that slowly rising general prices are good for business because ( A )

A. demand is kept strong because buyers expect prices to be higher in the future.

B. the price of substitute goods must be rising faster.

C. prices are rising slowly means buyers incomes must also be rising, so demand will increase.

D. tastes are moving in a positive direction for goods whose prices are rising.

14. Producers lobby the government to convince law makers to impose a price floor, so that they might ( B )

A. charge consumers more than consumers are willing to pay.

B. receive a larger producers surplus.

C. receive a larger consumers surplus.

D. hire workers for less than they would otherwise have to pay.

15. The minimum wage is an example of ( C )

A. a competitive equilibrium price.

B. a price ceiling.

C. a price floor.

D. a tax on a market.

16. The production possibilities frontier shows ( B )

A. the various products that can be produced now and in the future.

B. attainable combinations of two products that may be produced in a particular time period with available resources.

C. what an equitable distribution of products among citizens would be.

D. what people want to have produced in a particular time period.

17. If 20 units are sold at a price of $50 and 30 units are sold at a price of $40, then the elasticity of demand calculated using the midpoint formula is ( B )

A. minus 0.56.

B. minus 1.8.

C. minus 1.

D. 1.

18. Among those who benefit from free trade are ( A )

A. the people of a country as a whole.

B. each firm in the country.

C. each person in the country.

D. all of the above.

19. Consumers pay 100% of a new sales tax on a good ( D )

A) always.

B) when demand is horizontal.

C) never as the tax is on the seller.

D) when the demand curve is vertical.

20. A primary difference between a sole proprietorship and a partnership is ( C )

A. sole proprietorships have unlimited liability while partnerships have limited liability.

B. partnerships can issue stocks and bonds while sole proprietorships cannot.

C. partnerships have more owners than do sole proprietorships.

D. sole proprietorships have more layers of management than partnerships.

●Part II. Term explanation (2 points per each, 20 points in total)

1. Public Goods

A good that is both nonrivalrous and nonexcudable.

2. Oligopoly

A market structure in which a small number of interdependent firms compete.

3. Economies of Scale

Economies of scale exists when a firm’s long-run average costs fall as it increases output.

4. Externalities

A benefit or cost that affects someone who is not directly involved in the production or consumption of a good or service.

5. Nash Equilibrium

A situation where each firm chooses the best strategy, given the strategies chosen by other firms.

6. Natural Monopoly

A situation in which economics of scale are so large that one firm can supply the entire market at a lower average total cost than two or more firms.

7. Indifference curve

A curve that shows the combination of consumption bundles that give the consumer the same utility.

8. Deadweight loss

The reduction in economic surplus resulting from a market not being in competitive equilibrium.

9. Consumer Surplus

The difference between the highest price a consumer is willing to pay and the price the consumer actually pays.

10. Comparative advantage

The ability of an individual, firm, and country to produce a good or service at a lower opportunity cost than other producers.

●Part III. Answer Problems (5 points per each, in total 40 points)

1. What makes a firm successful in a competitive market?

The factors under a firm’s control—the ability to differentiate its product and the ability to produce it at lower cost (referring to the value created relative to competing firms)—combine with the factors beyond its control such as factors affecting the firm’s market and chance events to determine the firm’s profitability.

2. Define rivalry and excludability and use these terms to discuss the four categories of goods.

Rivalry occurs when one person’s consuming a unit of a good means that no one else can consume it. Excludability occurs when anyone who doesn’t pay for a good cannot consume it. Rival-excludable goods

are called private goods, which comprise most of the goods we consume. Rival-nonexcludable goods are called common resources – such as fish in the sea. Nonrival-nonexcludable goods are called public goods. Nonrival-excludable goods are often called natural monopolies.

3. Is zero economic profit inevitable in the long run?

No. The key to earning economic profit is either to sell a differentiate product or to find a way of producing an existing product at a lower cost.

4. Why do economists refer to the pricing strategies of oligopoly firms as prisoners’ dilemma game?

A prisoners’ dilemma is a game in which pursuing dominant strategies results in noncooperation that leaves everyone worse off. The outcome of noncooperative pricing (competition) will leave firms worse off than if they cooperated and set higher prices.

5. Suppose that a perfectly competitive industry becomes a monopoly. Describe the effects of this change on consumer surplus, producer surplus, and market efficiency.

If a perfectly competitive industry is monopolized, the price will rise and the quantity produced will fall. Consumer surplus will fall, producer surplus will rise and a deadweight loss will arise.

6. What are the main sources of comparative advantage?

The main sources of comparative advantage include climate and natural resources, the relative abundance of various types of labor and capital, technology and know-how, and external economies – reductions in a firm’s costs that result from an expansion in the size of the industry.

Part IV. Case Study (10 points per each, in total 20 points)

1. A music show is set to take place in a big stadium in Shanghai. The stadium can host 10,000 people. The organizer had carefully calculated the cost. A few pop music stars will show up. With the celebrity endorsements, at least 6000 tickets will be sold out. The revenue from 4800 tickets is sufficient to cover the cost and to break even. So the show is certainly to have profit.

What is the marginal revenue? What is the marginal cost? What is the optimal level of audience?

Answer: Marginal revenue is the income from an extra ticket sold. Marginal cost is zero, provided that the stadium is not full yet. The optimal level of audience is 10,000, the maximum capacity of the stadium.

2. Price floor in labor markets. The minimum wage.

The US congress has set a national minimum wage of 5.15 per hour for most occupations. It is illegal for an employer to pay less than this wage in those occupations. For most workers, the minimum wage is irrelevant because it is well below the wage that employers are voluntarily willing to pay them. But for low-skilled workers (such as workers in fast-food restaurants), the minimum wage is above the wage they would otherwise receive. What is the effect of the minimum wage on employment on the market for low-skilled labor?

Answer: Because the minimum wage is higher than the equilibrium wage, the quantity of low-skilled workers demanded employers declines while the quantity of workers supplied increases, leading to surplus of workers unable to find jobs; that is, the unemployment increases. This makes a reduction in consumer surplus.

3. When to close a laundry?

A person quit his job at Microsoft and bought a laundry shop by paying the previous owner $80,000. The lease had six years remaining and required a monthly payment of $3,300. Unfortunately, the person had

difficulty operating the laundry at a profit. His explicit costs were $4,000 more than his revenue.

He tried to sell the laundry but was unable to do so. He considered closing the laundry, but as a sole proprietor he would be responsible for the remainder of the lease. At $3,300 per month for six years, he would be responsible for paying almost $200,000 out of his personal savings. Closing the laundry would still seem to be the better choice, because his $3,300 per month in sunk costs were less than $4,000 per month plus the opportunity cost of his time, which he was losing from operating the laundry.

In the end he reorganized his business and hired a professional manager. This change allowed him to return to Microsoft and still reduce his losses to $2,000 per month. Because this amount is less than the $3,300 per month he would lose by shutting down, it made sense for him to continue to operate the laundry.

What have we learned from this case?

Answer: If a firm is experiencing a loss, it will shut down if Total Revenue Variable Cost=-3300, which can make up part of fixed cost. This means that keeping the laundry open even when suffering losses can sometimes be the best decision in the short run.

4. Gemstones (宝石) include diamond (钻石), sapphire (蓝宝石), emerald (祖母绿), amethyst (紫水晶) and other precious stones. All these precious stones share many similarities. The DeBeers Company of South Africa controls 80% of world diamond production and consequently has great market power. Nevertheless, the company advertises a lot. A young copywriter, Frances Gerety made the famous advertising line "A Diamond is Forever" in 1947. In the year 2000, Advertising Age magazine named "A Diamond Is Forever" the best advertising slogan of the twentieth century. In the advertisements, the DeBeers Company tries to emphasize and exaggerate diamond’s unique characteristics such as beauty and hardness, even though other precious stones (such as sapphire, emerald, and amethyst) also have these characteristics to some extent.

The DeBeers Company has dominant position to manipulate the international diamond market. Why does it still pay so much money for advertisement?

Answer: The market power of DeBeers depends on whether diamond has substitutes. If people believe that sapphire, emerald, and amethyst are good substitutes of diamond, the DeBeers loses its market power. If DeBeers increases the price of diamond, consumers would turn to other precious stones. But, if people believe that diamond are different from other precious stones, then DeBeers can have a greater control over the market. DeBeers advertises so that consumers would distinguish diamond from other precious stones and consequently DeBeers would have greater market power.

微观经济学期末考试答案

一、单选题（题数：50，共 50.0 分）
1
根据经济学的观点，以下哪一项属于个别需求和市场需求所涉及的产品：（）（1.0 分）
1.0 分
? A、
联合产品的私人产品
? ? B、
联合产品的公共产品
? ? C、
非联合产品的私人产品
? ? D、
非联合产品的公共产品
?
我的答案：C 2
根据微观经济学的观点，劳动力的供给由以下哪一组共同决定：（）（1.0 分）
1.0 分
? A、
平均效应和边际效应
? ? B、

边际效应和收入效应
? ? C、
替代效应和收入效应
? ? D、
替代效应和边际效应
?
我的答案：C 3
按照经济学原理的观点，以下哪一项是经济学的正确分类：（）（1.0 分）
1.0 分
? A、
人文经济学和自然经济学
? ? B、
灾害经济学和收益经济学
? ? C、
社会经济学和科技经济学
? ? D、
微观经济学和宏观经济学
?
我的答案：D

4
在以下哪一种博弈策略的指导下，企业在囚徒困境中会出现两败俱伤的结局：（）（1.0 分）
1.0 分
? A、
所有的单纯策略
? ? B、
所有的混合策略
? ? C、
最优的单纯策略
? ? D、
最劣的混合策略
?
我的答案：D 5
以下哪一项是马尔萨斯人口论的支柱理论：（）（1.0 分）
1.0 分
? A、
货币边际产量递增
? ? B、
时间边际产量递减

微观经济学期末考试试题

《微观经济学》试题班级姓名学号成绩一、选择题（共30 ） 1、若其他条件不变，某商品价格上升10%，能使买者总支出增加4%，则这种情况下商品的需求价格弹性：（B） A. 大于1； B. 等于0.4； C. 小于1； D. 等于2.5 2、无差异曲线上任一点上两种商品的边际替代率等于两种商品的：（ C） A.价格之比； B.数量之比； C.边际效用之比； D.边际成本之比。 3、已知消费者收入是100元，商品X的价格是10元，Y的价格是3元。假定他打算购买 7单位X和10单Y，这时商品X和Y的边际效用分别是50和18。如要获得最大效用，他应该： A．增加X购买，同时减少Y的购买； B. 同时增加X和Y的购买； C.减少X购买，同时增加Y的购买； D. 同时减少X和Y的购买 4、边际成本低于平均成本时：（B） A．平均成本上升； B．平均可变成本可能上升也可能下降； C．总成本下降； D．平均可变成本上升。 5、完全竞争条件下，在达到行业长期均衡时，每个厂商：（D） A. 只能获得正常利润； B. 能够获得超额利润； C. 可能会亏损； D. 以上三种情况都可能存在。 6、在完全竞争的产品市场中，厂商短期供给曲线是指： A．A VC>MC中的那部分A VC曲线； B．AC>MC中的那部分AC曲线； C．MC≥A VC中的那部分MC曲线； D．MC≥AC中的那部分MC曲线。 7、在垄断竞争市场中：

A.只有数目很少的几个厂商生产有差异的产品； B.有许多厂商生产同质产品； C. 只有数目很少的厂商生产同质的产品； D. 有许多厂商生产有差异的产品。 8、其他条件不变，如果工资率提高，替代效应将使单个居民： A．同时减少劳动和休闲； B．增加劳动，减少休闲； C．增加休闲，减少劳动； D．同时增加劳动和休闲。 9、右图是一个厂商的长期平均成本，假设要素同比例变化， BC段表示规模报酬： 10 A．平均产量递增；B．边际产量递减；C．总产量递减；D．都有可能。 11、要获得同样的产出量，如果厂商增加第5单位资本使用量的同时需要减少5单位劳动使用量，则增加第6单位资本可替代的劳动数量： A. 等于1； B. 小于5； C. 小于1； D. 大于5。 12、某企业使用劳动一种可变要素，如果该企业生产的产品价格上升（完全竞争的产品市场），将引起： A．该企业每一单位劳动的边际产品价值增加 B．企业所用的劳动投入量减少 C．该企业每一单位劳动的边际产量减少 D．企业产量减少 13、下列哪种情况企业正好有正常利润？ A. 总收益大于总成本； B. 总收益等于总成本； C. 总收益小于总成本； D. 边际收益等于边际成本。 14、微观经济学中短期与长期的划分取决于： A.时间长短； B. 企业可否调整生产规模； C.企业可否调整产品价格； D.企业可否调整产量。 15、属于垄断企业实行三级价格差别的情况是： A.将产品定三种不同的价格； B. 按产品使用量多少收取不同价格； C.在分割的市场上分别实行不同的价格； D.同样的产品收取不同的价格。

(完整版)微观经济学期末考试试卷(含答案)

西方经济学（微观部分）期末考试试卷（A卷）考试科目：微观经济学考试类型：（闭卷）考试时间：120 分钟学号姓名年级专业一、单项选择题（每题0.5分，共15分，将正确答案填入答题纸上） 1.看不见的手一般指（） A、机会成本 B、政府 C、利润 D、价格 2.经济学中的“稀缺性”是指（） A 世界上大多数人生活在贫困中B、相对于资源的需求而言，资源总是不足的C用资源必须考虑下一代 D、世界上的资源终将被人类消耗光 3.如果x与y商品是互补品，x价格下降，将使y（） A、需求量增加 B、需求增加 C、需求量减少 D、需求减少 4.冰棒的需求价格弹性（）药品的需求价格弹性 A、大于 B、小于 C、等于 D、大于或等于 5.下列命题中哪个是规范经济学的命题?( ) A.征税对中等收入家庭是不公平的 B. 1982年8月政府把贴现率降到10％ C. 1981年失业率超过9％ D.社会保险税的课税依据现已超过30000美元 6.如果消费者的预算收入为50美元，商品X和Y的价格均为5美元，消费者打算购买6单位X和4单位Y，商品X、Y的边际效用分别为25和20，那么，要达到效用最大化，他应该（） A、按原计划购买 B、减少X和Y的购买量 C、增加X、Y的购买量 D、增加X的同时减少Y的量 7.消费者预算线发生平移时，连接消费者均衡点的曲线称为（） A、需求曲线； B、价格－消费曲线； C、收入－消费曲线； D、恩格尔曲线。

8.当某人面对一张彩票时，如果是212111UW P W PU W P PW U )()(])([-+?-+，则意味着这个人是属于下列哪一类人 ( ) A ．风险回避者 B ．风险喜爱者 C ．风险中立者 D ．都不是 9.如果某厂商增加一单位劳动使用量能够减少三单位资本，而仍生产同样的产出量，则MRTS LK 为：（） A 1/3 B 3 C -3 D 6 10. MC 曲线达到最低时（） A MP 最大 B AV C 最小 C TC 最大 D AC 最小 11.某厂商每年从企业的总收入中取出一部分作为自己所提供的生产要素的报酬,这部分资金被视为（）。 A 、显成本； B 、隐成本； C 、会计成本 D 、经济利润。 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/1311703356.html,C 曲线（）。 A 当LMC ＜LAC 时下降，而当LMC ＞LAC 时上升 B 随LM C 曲线下降而下降 C ．随LMC 曲线上升而上升 D.通过LMC 曲线的最低点 13. 在完全竞争市场中，（）。 A 消费者是价格接受者，而企业不是 B 消费者和企业都不是价格接受者 C 消费者和企业都是价格接受者 D 企业是价格接受者，而消费者不是 14．一个企业在以下哪种情况下应该关闭？（） A P ＜AVC B P ＜SAC C 发生亏损时 D SMC ＞MR 15.短期内，完全竞争厂商只能通过对（）调整来实现最大利润。 A.生产规模 B.价格 C.全部生产要素 D.产量 16. 完全竞争厂商的短期供给曲线应该是（） A 曲线上超过平均成本最低点的部分 B 曲线上超过收支相抵点的部分 C 曲线上的停止营业点和超过停止营业点以上的部分 D 曲线上的收支相抵点和超过收支相抵点以上的部分 17.下列哪一种情况对单一价格垄断者是不正确的？( ) A. 由于只有一个企业，企业的需求就是行业的需求 B. 由于没有替代品，需求缺乏弹性 C. 平均收益曲线就是需求曲线 D. 边际收益小于价格 18.寡头垄断和垄断竞争之间的主要区别是（）。 a.厂商的广告开支不同 b.非价格竞争的种类不同 c.厂商之间相互影响的程度不同 d.以上都不对 19. 下列那一个不是垄断竞争的特征（） A.厂商数目很少 B.进出该行业容易 C.存在产品差别 D.厂商忽略竞争对手的反应

微观经济学期末考试试卷及参考答案

《微观经济学》期末综合测试一、名词解释题（每小题3分，共15分） 1、机会成本： 2、价格歧视： 3、纳什均衡： 4、恩格尔定律： 5、帕累托最优：

二、单项选择题（每小题1分，共15分） 1、下列的说法中正确的是（）。 A．生产要素的边际技术替代率是规模报酬递减规律造成的 B．边际收益递减规律是规模报酬递减规律造成的 C．规模报酬递减是边际收益递减规律造成的 D．生产要素的边际技术替代率递减是边际收益递减规律造成的 2、按照古诺模型，下列哪一说法不正确。（） A．双头垄断者没有认识到他们的相互依赖性 B．每个双头垄断商都假定对方保持产量不变 C．每个双头垄断者假定对方价格保持不变 D．均衡的结果是稳定的 3、相对于市场分配而言，下列哪一种情况减少了收入或财产分配的不平等状况。（） A．政府向穷人的转移支付 B.累退所得税 C.大量的遗产 D.婚姻的门当户对 4、下列命题中哪一个是规经济学的命题。（） A.征税对中等收入家庭是不公平的 B. 1982年8月政府把贴现率降到10％ C. 1981年失业率超过9％ D.社会保险税的课税依据现已超过30000美元 5、已知消费者收入是100元，商品X的价格是10元，Y的价格是3元，假定他打算购买7单位X和10单位Y，这时商品X和Y的边际

效用分别为50和18。如果要获得最大效用，他应该（）。 A.增加X购买，同时减少Y的购买 B.增加X购买，同时增加Y的购买 C.减少X购买，同时增加Y的购买 D.减少X购买，同时减少Y的购买 6、某厂商每年从企业的总收入中取出一部分作为自己所提供的生产要素的报酬,这部分资金被视为（）。 A. 显成本 B. 隐成本 C. 会计成本 D. 经济利润 7、在囚犯的两难选择中，（）。 A.双方独立依照自身利益行事，导致最好的结果 B.双方进行合作，得到了最好的结果 C.双方独立依照自身利益行事，导致最不利的局面 D.以上说法均不正确 8、基尼系数的增大将表明（）。 A．收入不平均程度的增加 B．收入不平均程度的减少C．洛伦兹曲线与横轴重合 D．洛伦兹曲线与纵轴重合 9、如果上游工厂污染了下游居民的饮水，按科斯定理问题即可妥善解决。（） A．不管财产权是否明确，只要交易成本为零 B．只要财产权明确，且交易成本为零 C．只要财产权明确，不管交易成本有多大

微观经济学期末考试试题

微观经济学期末考试试题文件排版存档编号：[UYTR-OUPT28-KBNTL98-UYNN208]

《微观经济学》试题班级姓名学号成绩一、选择题（共30 ） 1、若其他条件不变，某商品价格上升10%，能使买者总支出增加4%，则这种情况下商品的需求价格弹性：（B） A. 大于1； B. 等于； C. 小于1； D. 等于 2、无差异曲线上任一点上两种商品的边际替代率等于两种商品的：（ C） A.价格之比； B.数量之比； C.边际效用之比； D.边际成本之比。 3、已知消费者收入是100元，商品X的价格是10元，Y的价格是3元。假定他打算购买7单位X和10单Y，这时商品X和Y的边际效用分别是50和18。如要获得最大效用，他应该： A．增加X购买，同时减少Y的购买； B. 同时增加X和Y的购买； C.减少X购买，同时增加Y的购买； D. 同时减少X和Y的购买 4、边际成本低于平均成本时：（B） A．平均成本上升； B．平均可变成本可能上升也可能下降； C．总成本下降； D．平均可变成本上升。 5、完全竞争条件下，在达到行业长期均衡时，每个厂商：（D）

A. 只能获得正常利润； B. 能够获得超额利润； C. 可能会亏损； D. 以上三种情况都可能存在。 6、在完全竞争的产品市场中，厂商短期供给曲线是指： A．AVCMC中的那部分AVC曲线； B．ACMC中的那部分AC曲线； C．MCAVC中的那部分MC曲线； D．MCAC中的那部分MC曲线。 7、在垄断竞争市场中： A.只有数目很少的几个厂商生产有差异的产品； B.有许多厂商生产同质产品； C. 只有数目很少的厂商生产同质的产品； D. 有许多厂商生产有差异的产品。 8、其他条件不变，如果工资率提高，替代效应将使单个居民： A．同时减少劳动和休闲； B．增加劳动，减少休闲； C．增加休闲，减少劳动； D．同时增加劳动和休闲。 9、右图是一个厂商的长期平均成本，假设要素同比例变化， BC段表示规模报酬： 10 A．平均产量递增； B．边际产量递减； C．总产量递减； D．都有可能。

微观经济学期末考试试题含有答案

《微观经济学》试题班级姓名学号成绩一、选择题（共30 ） 1、若其他条件不变，某商品价格上升10%，能使买者总支出增加4%，则这种情况下商品的需求价格弹性：（B） A. 大于1； B. 等于； C. 小于1； D. 等于 2、无差异曲线上任一点上两种商品的边际替代率等于两种商品的：（ C） A.价格之比； B.数量之比； C.边际效用之比； D.边际成本之比。 3、已知消费者收入是100元，商品X的价格是10元，Y的价格是3元。假定他打算购买 7单位X和10单Y，这时商品X和Y的边际效用分别是50和18。如要获得最大效用，他应该： A．增加X购买，同时减少Y的购买； B. 同时增加X和Y的购买； C.减少X购买，同时增加Y的购买； D. 同时减少X和Y的购买 4、边际成本低于平均成本时：（B） A．平均成本上升； B．平均可变成本可能上升也可能下降； C．总成本下降； D．平均可变成本上升。 5、完全竞争条件下，在达到行业长期均衡时，每个厂商：（D） A. 只能获得正常利润； B. 能够获得超额利润； C. 可能会亏损； D. 以上三种情况都可能存在。 6、在完全竞争的产品市场中，厂商短期供给曲线是指： A．AVC?MC中的那部分AVC曲线； B．AC?MC中的那部分AC曲线； C．MC?AVC中的那部分MC曲线； D．MC?AC中的那部分MC曲线。

7、在垄断竞争市场中： A.只有数目很少的几个厂商生产有差异的产品； B.有许多厂商生产同质产品； C. 只有数目很少的厂商生产同质的产品； D. 有许多厂商生产有差异的产品。 8、其他条件不变，如果工资率提高，替代效应将使单个居民： A．同时减少劳动和休闲； B．增加劳动，减少休闲； C．增加休闲，减少劳动； D．同时增加劳动和休闲。 9、右图是一个厂商的长期平均成本，假设要素同比例变化， BC段表示规模报酬： 10 A 11、要获得同样的产出量，如果厂商增加第5单位资本使用量的同时需要减少5单位劳动使用量，则增加第6单位资本可替代的劳动数量： A. 等于1； B. 小于5； C. 小于1； D. 大于5。 12、某企业使用劳动一种可变要素，如果该企业生产的产品价格上升（完全竞争的产品市场），将引起： A．该企业每一单位劳动的边际产品价值增加 B．企业所用的劳动投入量减少 C．该企业每一单位劳动的边际产量减少 D．企业产量减少 13、下列哪种情况企业正好有正常利润？ A. 总收益大于总成本； B. 总收益等于总成本； C. 总收益小于总成本； D. 边际收益等于边际成本。 14、微观经济学中短期与长期的划分取决于： A.时间长短； B. 企业可否调整生产规模； C.企业可否调整产品价格； D.企业可否调整产量。 15、属于垄断企业实行三级价格差别的情况是： A.将产品定三种不同的价格； B. 按产品使用量多少收取不同价格； C.在分割的市场上分别实行不同的价格； D.同样的产品收取不同的价格。二、名词解释（共15分）

曼昆微观经济学英文版课后练习题第一章

————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期： 1

1 Chapter 1 Ten Principles of Economics Multiple Choice 1. The word that comes from the Greek word for "one who manages a household" is a. market. b. consumer. c. producer. d. economy. ANS: D DIF: 1 REF: 1-0 TOP: Economy MSC: Definitional 2. The word “economy” comes from the Greek word oikonomos , which means a. “environment.” b. “production.” c. “one who manages a househol d.” d. “one who makes decisions.” ANS: C DIF: 1 REF: 1-0 TOP: Economy MSC: Definitional 3. Resources are a. scarce for households but plentiful for economies. b. plentiful for households but scarce for economies. c. scarce for households and scarce for economies. d. plentiful for households and plentiful for economies. ANS: C DIF: 1 REF: 1-0 TOP: Resources, Scarcity MSC: Interpretive 4. Economics deals primarily with the concept of a. scarcity. b. poverty. c. change. d. power. ANS: A DIF: 1 REF: 1-0 TOP: Scarcity MSC: Definitional 5. Which of the following questions is not answered by the decisions that every society must make? a. What determines consumer preferences? b. What goods will be produced? c. Who will produce the goods? d. Who will consume the goods? ANS: A DIF: 2 REF: 1-0 TOP: Economies MSC: Interpretive 6. The overriding reason as to why households and societies face many decisions is that a. resources are scarce. b. goods and services are not scarce. c. incomes fluctuate with business cycles. d. people, by nature, tend to disagre e. ANS: A DIF: 2 REF: 1-0 TOP: Scarcity MSC: Interpretive 7. The phenomenon of scarcity stems from the fact that a. most economies’ production methods are not very good. b. in most economies, wealthy people consume disproportionate quantities of goods and services. c. governments restricts production of too many goods and services. d. resources are limited. ANS: D DIF: 2 REF: 1-0 TOP: Scarcity MSC: Interpretive

微观经济学期末试题与答案 2

2010--2011学年第二学期期末考试卷《微观经济学》（B ）一、填空（每空2分） 1．影响需求的主要因素有该商品的（价格）、消费者的（收入水平）、（相关商品）的价格消费者的偏好和消费者的预期。 2．厂商的组织形式有个人制企业、合伙制企和（公司制）。 3．在确定成本时，厂房，机器设备等在短期认为是(固定不变)成本部分。 4．平均每一单位可变要素的投入量所生产的产量叫做（平均产量）_.。 5．弹性用来衡量的（因变量）对其因变量变动的反应程度。 6 ．相关商品指的是替代商品与_（互补品）。 7．在商品价格不变时，消费者收入的增加将使预算线向（右）_移动。 8．（效用）是指消费者从商品的消费中得到的满足程度。 1. 需求就是欲望。（错） 2. 假定其它条件不变，某商品价格下降将引起需求量的增加和供给量的减少。（对） 3．效用因人因时因地的不同而不同。（对） 4．市场需求是所有个人需求的总和。（对） 5．需求的变动是指商品本身价格变动所引起的该商品的需求数量的变动。（错） 6．当消费者的收入发生变化时，会引起需求曲线的移动。（对） 7．卖者提高价格肯定会增加销售收入。（错） 8．在几何图形上，供给量的变动表现为商品的价格-供给量组合点沿着同一条既定的供给曲线运动。（对） 9．某商品的可替代品越多，相近程度越高，则该商品需求弹性往往就越大。（对） 10．任何情况下商品的需求量与价格都是反方向变化的。（错） 11．当对农产品的需求缺乏弹性时，粮食丰收，粮价下跌，农民收入反而会减少。（对） 12．如果两种商品具有替代关系，则相应的需求交叉价格弹性系数为负。（错） 13．在同一条无差异曲线上，不同的消费者得到的效用水平是无差异的。（错） 14．吉芬物品是一种需求量与价格同方向变化的特殊商品。（对） 15．当消费某种物品的边际效用为负时，则总效用达极大值。（错） 16．当边际效用减少时，总效用也是减少的。（错） 17．基数效用论的分析方法包括边际效用分析和无差异曲线分析方法。（错） 18．在同一条无差异曲线上，任意两点对应的两种商品不同数量组合所能带来的边际效用相等。（错） 19．生产理论中的短期是指未能调整全部生产要素的时期。（对） 20．能提供相同效用的不同商品数量组合的点的连线即为等产量曲线。（错）一、填空（每空2分，共20分）二、判断题（每题1分，共20分）

微观经济学期末试卷

汕头大学2008 至 2009学年第一学期《微观经济学》试卷学院年级姓名学号分数评卷 Part I. Multiple choice (1 points per each, 20 points in total) 1. The demand curve for color TV sets might shift to the left because ( C ). A. The price of color TV sets increases B. The price of black-and-white TV sets increases C. Consumers expect that the price of color TV sets will fall D. Consumers’ income increases 2. Among the following cost curves, ( B ) is NOT U-shaped. A. Average Variable Cost B. Average Fixed Cost C. Average Total Cost D. Marginal Cost 3. In terms of market structure, ( D ) is close to perfectly competitive market. A. Automobile B. Cigarette C. Newspaper D. Agricultural produce 4. At the optimal output level of monopolists, ( A ). A. MR = MC B. P = MC C. Price = the minimum of A VC D. Price is the highest 5. If you exhibit the endowment effect as a decision maker, then you are ( C ) A. deciding on the basis of sunk costs. B. buying something you can't really afford because you expect to save in the future. C. ignoring opportunity costs. D. consuming based on celebrity endorsements. 6. One limitation of the Coase Theorem is that ( D ). A. it is valid only when there are many producers B. it is valid only when there are many consumers C. it is valid only when property system is well established D. it is not valid when transaction costs are high 7. Which of the following is correct about a simple circular flow model? ( C ) A. Producers are neither buyers nor sellers in the product market. B. Households are sellers in the product market. C. Producers are buyers in the factors market. D. None of these are correct. 8. A firm will shut down in the short run if the price is below ( A ). A. Average variable cost B. Average total cost C. Average fixed cost D. Marginal cost 9. In terms of dividing the tax burden, consumers (not producers) will pay the tax if ( C ). A. price elasticity of supply and price elasticity of demand are both very large B. price elasticity of supply is close to zero C. price elasticity of demand is close to zero D. price elasticity of supply and price elasticity of demand are similar 10. The ultimate purpose of patents and copyrights is to ( D ) A. provide owners with large profit forever. B. protect firms from being taken advantage of by competing firms. C. protect domestic firms from foreign competition.

英文版微观经济学复习提纲Chapter 5. Economic efficiency, government price setting and taxes

5 Economic Efficiency, Government Price Setting, and Taxes Chapter Summary Although rent controls no longer in Australia, many governments around the world, such as Malaysia and the U.S., have placed ceilings on the maximum rent some landlords can charge for some apartments and houses. Governments also impose taxes in some markets. To understand the economic impact of government in markets it is necessary to understand consumer surplus and producer surplus. Consumer surplus is the dollar benefit consumers receive from buying goods and services at market prices less than the maximum prices they would be willing to pay. Producer surplus is the dollar benefit producers receive from selling goods and services at prices greater than the minimum prices they would be willing to accept. In a competitive market with no externalities the equilibrium price for a good or service occurs where the marginal cost of the last unit produced and sold is equal to the marginal benefit consumers receive from the last unit bought. At this same level of output, economic surplus, the sum of consumer and producer surplus, is maximized. Although price controls on rent no longer exist in Australia, there are many other examples of the government setting prices, such as the minimum wage in labour markets (a “floor price”). Compared to the competitive equilibrium, price ceilings and price floors reduce economic efficiency. A tax on the sale of a good or service also reduces economic efficiency. The burden of a tax (or tax incidence) is the degree to which consumers or producers actually pay the tax. The incidence of a tax depends on how responsive producers and consumers are to the price change caused by the tax. Learning Objectives When you finish this chapter you should be able to: 1Understand the concepts of consumer surplus and producer surplus. Consumer surplus is the benefit consumers receive from paying a price lower than the maximum price they would be willing to pay. Producer surplus is the benefit a firm receives from selling a good or a service at a price higher than the minimum the firm would be willing to accept. Economic surplus is the sum of consumer surplus plus producer surplus. 2Understand the concept of economic efficiency, and use a graph to illustrate how economic efficiency is reduced when a market is not in competitive equilibrium. An economically efficient outcome occurs when a competitive market equilibrium is reached. Maximum economic efficiency results when the marginal benefit received by consumers from the last unit bought equals the marginal

微观经济学英文版名词解释超详细

微观经济学名词解释 11

22 Chapter 1 business cycle 经济周期 fluctuations in economic activity, such as employment and production economic s 经济学; 经济，国家的经济状况 the study of how society manages its scarce 缺乏的，罕见的 resources efficien cy n.功效; 效率，效能; 实力，能力; [物] 性能; the property of society getting the most it can from its scarce resources equality n .同等，平等; [数] 相等，等式; the property of distributing economic prosperity uniformly among the members of society external ity[,eks t ?? the uncompensated impact of one person’s ac tions on the

Chapter 2 circular-flo w diagram a visual model of the economy that shows how dollars flow through markets among households 家庭; 家庭，户and firms macroeconomi cs [,m?kr??i?k?'n?m?ks; -ek-]the study of economy-wide phenomena, including inflation, unemployment, and economic growth microeconomi cs [,ma?kr ??i?k?'n ?m?ks the study of how households and firms make decisions and how they interact in markets normative['n ??m?t?v]标准的statements claims that attempt to prescribe定，规定; 指定，规定;美[pr??skra?b] how the world should be positive statements claims that attempt to describe the world as it is production possibilitie s frontier a graph that shows the combinations of output that the economy can possibly produce given the available factors of production and the available production 33

微观经济学试题英文版

Managerial Economics

Part 1: 1.The price of good A goes up. As a result the demand for good B shifts to the left. From this we can infer that: a. good A is a normal good. b. good B is an inferior good. c. goods A and B are substitutes. d. goods A and B are plements. e. none of the above. Choose: d) the definition os plements 2.Joe's budget line is 15F + 45C = 900. When Joe chooses his most preferredmarket basket, he buys 10 units of C. therefore, he also buys : a.10 units of F b.30 units of F c. 50 units of F d.60 units of F e. None of the above Choose: b) We assume that Joe will spend all his ine. If C = 10, then 15F =900 – 45(10) =450, so F = 450/15 =30. 3.Kim only buys coffee and pact discs. Coffee costs $0.60 per cup, and CDs cost $12.00 each. She has $18 per week to spend on these two goods. If Kim is maximizing her utility, her marginal rate of substitution of coffee for CDs is: a.0.05 b.20 c.18 d.1.50 e. None of the above Choose: a) At Kim's most preferred market basket, her MRS equals the price ratio (Pcoffee/PCD), which equals 0.6/12 or 0.05.

微观经济学期末试卷

微观经济学期末考试答案

微观经济学期末考试试题

(完整版)微观经济学期末考试试卷(含答案)

最新版微观经济学精品习题英文版 (with answer) (9)

微观经济学期末考试试卷及参考答案

微观经济学期末考试试题

微观经济学期末考试试题含有答案

曼昆微观经济学英文版课后练习题第一章

微观经济学期末试题与答案 2

微观经济学期末试卷

英文版微观经济学复习提纲Chapter 5. Economic efficiency, government price setting and taxes

微观经济学英文版名词解释超详细

微观经济学试题英文版