新核心综合学术英语教程3unit1-6答案全

综合学术英语教程3 答案

Unit 1 Definition

Keys to the Exercises

Task 1 Familiarizing Yourself with Definition

Reading1 Great Leaps in Modern Technology

2. Technology, on the other hand, is more of an applied science. It is where tools and knowledge

are used for the study of a particular science. For example, the science of energy can have technology as its application. In the case of energy as a subject in science, solar panels can be used for a variety of technologies, an example of which are solar-powered lights.

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Task 2 Understanding Lectures through Definition

Listening 1

1. phobia, hypnophobia, cynophobia, aerophobia

2. 1) T 2) F 3) F 4) T 5) T 6) T 7) F 8) F

1. 1) Indigenous knowledge means knowledge belonging to the country, rather than being

brought there from another country.

2) All the list items will probably be included since the title is rather broad and general.

3) For open discussion

2. 1) International knowledge system.

2) Knowledge capital, physical and financial capital.

3) It contains the skills, experiences and insights of people, applied to maintain or improve their

4) Medicine and veterinary medicine.

5) It is considered the social capital, meaning an essential resource for survival and means of

sustenance and livelihood.

6) a) It is inappropriate for new challenges or it adapts too slowly; b) The introduction of

foreign technologies or development concepts that promise short-term gains or solutions to problems that they cannot sustain.

7) Agriculture, animal husbandry and ethnic veterinary medicine, primary health care,

preventive medicine and psychosocial care, saving and lending.

8) A higher variance of traits, less susceptible to the frequent droughts, reduce risks.

9) a) Indigenous knowledge is vital for its bearers; b) Become fully aware of its value and

contributions to the intended objectives; c) It is an integral part of global knowledge in its own right.

10) An integration or combination of indigenous knowledge and foreign knowledge.

Reading 2 Indigenous Knowledge

3. 1) r. override 2) j. expertise 3) d. intimate 4) a. unanimous 5) g. intrusion

6) u. dissemination 7) c. insights 8) l. susceptible 9) n. incorporating 10) f. vanish

11) m. interaction 12) s. scenario 13) i. detrimental 14) p. implement 15) k. alleviation

16) b. encompass 17) o. validate 18) h. impending 19) e. interweave 20) t. rational

4. For reference:

The two articles both employ definitions for the introduction of the terms and examples to validate each facet. Both use classifications, descriptions, comparison and contrast for further analysis. One big difference lies in the perspective to view the title, with the first a rather holistic discussion ranging from the status quo to the settlement of the existing problems and the second a partial focus on chiefly its applications.

Reading 3 Ultrasonics

5. 1) component 2) accumulate 3) spherical 4) navigate 5) fatigue

6) harness 7) version 8) synonymous 9) inhibit 10) integrity

11) uniform 12) detect 13) incidence 14) monitor 15) probe

16) intensity 17) convert 18) proceed 19) visualize 20) inspect

6. Attention: there is a mistake here, the first should be Para. K

Para. K—e Para. B—a Para. C—c Para. D—f Para. E—h

Para. F—d Para. G—j Para. H—i Para. I—b Para. J—g

7. 1) E 2) F 3) Para. E 4) E 5) F 6) Para. H 7) Para. H 8) E

8. For open discussion

Task 4 Writing an Essay of Definition

Reading 4 Disruptive Technologies

1) Natural breathing will be provided by the robot for the patient during surgery.

2) The pressure will have to be reduced by us.

3) All instruments need to be sterilized.

4) For us, some physical and technical factors may be considered/ taken into consideration.

5) If we make sustained efforts, there is a chance that the environment will be improved.

6) Some specific demands of the scientific establishment have to be made.

7) The presence of the country has been felt more than ever by the whole world.

8) It seems that other explanations are hard to be found.

9) The interaction between organism and environment is being perceived.

10) The tests work most effectively if what will be measured can be most precisely defined. Integrated Exercises

2. 1) component 2) integrity 3) mobilize 4) option 5) monitor 6) navigate 7) encompass

8) compromise 9) incorporate 10) implement 11) impending 12) scenario

3. 1) The survey encompasses social, political, and economic aspects of the situation.

2) In some countries power is synonymous with corruption.

3) The strike shut down many airports, but international f lights were unaffected.

4) The scenery is beautiful but inaccessible to most ordinary travelers.

5) The conflict deprived him of the means of livelihood.

6) Such animals can withstand the extremes of weather.

7) The rise in the time spent on the Internet is concomitant with the massive loss of

sociability.

8) Many inventions such as gunpowder and the compass originated in China.

9) The frequency of mining accidents has decreased over the past 10 years.

10) The maximum number of places offered by the medical school for the applicants is 15. 5. 1) Scientists should warn people about PM 2.5 and the need to restrict their children’s

outdoor activities to avoid even the minimal damage.

2) The local government has implemented a development program for the mountain climbers

to leave the surrounding region unaffected.

3) We can reduce the risks to zero since we are sure of what risks they are running.

4) To combat your anxiety, you should compel yourself to visualize a promising future in

which a problem has already been settled.

5) He holds that developed countries should be held accountable for economic growth on a

global scale.

6) Trash is not yet fully utilized, leading to overlooking the potential in it.

7) A large number of females choose the option of personal finance to achieve control of their

own lives.

8)The university has decided to invest in the project because it has many technical

advantages over other similar ones.

9) Trees can provide shelter for both man and animals, which we tend to overlook.

10) We are trying to achieve a sound understanding of liberal arts courses, which

encompasses a wide range of subjects.

Listening 2

A. (1) F (2) T (3) T (4) F (5) T (6) T (7) T

B. (1) Clouding computing is about the provision of computer resources like SaaS, PaaS, and

infrastructure provision while private computing isn’t.

(2) 67.

(3) Because the Industrial Revolution is not a thing, and it cannot be defined by some specific

products. It is a transformation or a transition involving concepts, ideas, ways of production, changing attitudes, etc.

(4) Because it is more than just technology, as the speaker further compares it to electricity,

which has transformed from an innovation to much more of a utility service.

(5) Ubiquitous.

Listening 3

A. (1) C (2) B (3) A (4) C (5) D

B. compressed, whisper, external, pockets, panic, assembly, psychological, reflection,

simultaneous, architecture, figure out, legitimate, instantaneous, clicking, addicted

C. (1) B, C (2) C

Unit 2 Classification

Keys to the Exercises

Task 1 Familiarizing Yourself with Classification

1. 1) Man-made or anthropogenic causes, and natural causes.

2) Pollution (burning fossil fuels, mining coal and oil, etc.), the production of CO2 ( the

increase of population, the demolition of trees, etc.).

3) CO2 is a greenhouse gas that traps heat in the Earth’s atmosphere.

4) Classification helps us to determine and understand the relationship of the parts of a

subject which is studied by us. Classification is made on the basis of a clear definition.

5) In order to make a clear and logic classification, one needs to follow a principle of

classification and go on with a system consistently. For example, the categories of classification should be mutually exclusive and no overlapping is allowed.

Reading 1 Causes for Global Warming

2. Coal is the most abundant fossil fuel resource. It provides about one-quarter of the total

energy the world uses, and 40 percent of the electricity generated worldwide is powered by coal. The steel industry also is greatly dependent upon this fossil fuel. Like other depleting

sources of global energy, coal reserves are also on a steep decline. Moreover, coal is a greenhouse gas nightmare. Natural gas is comprised mostly of methane, although it also contains ethane, propane and butane. It is a convenient and efficient energy source. The major consumers of natural gas are the residential, commercial and industrial sectors. It is also used to generate electricity. Unlike other fossil fuels, natural gas is cleaner and causes less pollution. Like other fossil fuels, this resource is depleting rapidly.

Task 2 Understanding Lectures through Classification

Listening 1

1. Unconscious motivation, unconscious conflict, the id, the ego, the superego, etc.

2. 1) T 2) F 3) F 4) F 5) T 6) F 7) T 8) F

3. Idea One: The existence of an unconscious motivation

Idea Two: The notion of unconscious dynamics or conflict

second, the concept of unconscious conflict. Freud believes that unconscious motivation might play an important role in a lot of situations, such as marriage, forgetting a person’s name, calling out the wrong name etc. In his view, there are three processes going on in the head, namely, id, ego and superego, which are in violent internal conflict. Id functions on “the Pleasure Principle”, while ego works on “the Reality Principle” and superego is the internalized rules of a society. Ego is in between id and superego.

Task 3 Reading Classification Articles

Reading 2 Renewable Energy Sources—A Brief Summary

1. 1) Renewable energy is energy which comes from natural resources such as sunlight, wind,

rain, tides, and geothermal heat, which are renewable (naturally replenished).

2)□√The purpose of using renewable energy sources.

□√The classification of renewable energy sources.

□√The examples of different types of renewable energy sources.

□√The advantages and disadvantages of various types of renewable energy sources.

□√The history of the use of different energy sources.

□How energy is obtained from various sources.

3) I would write:

(1) The definition of the renewable energy.

(2) The classification of the renewable energy.

(3) The advantages and the disadvantages of various types of renewable energy sources. 2. 1) The signing of the Kyoto Treaty.

2) It converts the sun’s rays into energy.

3) The main demerit is that it is limited.

4) Sailors, farmers and architects.

5) The main advantage is that this doesn’t produce any by-products that can be harmful to the

environment.

6) Because the Earth’s crust continuously decays, replenishing the heat.

7) They use the force of the water to push the turbine which in turn powers a generator thus

generating electricity.

8) It poses a problem for fish and aquatic plants on both sides of the dam.

9) They contain no petroleum, and they are nontoxic and biodegradable.

10) The Environmental Protection Agency.

3. 1) j. evolution 2) s. solar 3) a. architect 4) l. geothermal 5) p. preserve

6) b. biodegradable 7) r. radioactive 8) f. crusade 9) h. distribute 10) q. radiant

11) i. domestic 12) t. validation 13) k. generator 14) d. capture 15) g. definitely

16) n. install 17) e. consumption 18) m. harness 19) o. internal 20) c. blade

Reading 3 Types of Pollution

5. 1) voluntary 2) construction 3) contamination 4) eruption 5) regulation

6) deforestation 7) yield 8) irrigation 9) confine 10) sewage

11) hazardous 12) residential 13) vapor 14) decay 15) erosion

16) disrupt 17) particulate 18) underground 19) concentration 20) combat

advancing constantly, thus enabling us to convert heat into electricity, which can be stored, ready for use.

Task 4 Writing an Essay of Classification

Reading 4 Types of Sustainability

5. 1) Declarative sentences are mostly employed in academic writing, despite the occasional

utilizations of interrogative sentences.

2) To support the truths, reliable evidence is quoted by scholars in all disciplines.

3) Much importance should be attached to the comprehension of the difference between

education and training.

4) A person who exposes himself to the sunlight for excessive time is susceptible to malignant

melanoma.

5) Students doing temporary jobs display a better performance in their academic studies.

6) American frontier is deeply rooted in many aspects of American character.

7) The direct involvement of many a foreign country is evident in the process of US territorial

expansion.

8) Parents need to equipped with much care and knowledge while raising a kid.

9) Environment plays a vital role in the growth of plants.

10) In the past, Beijing was ravaged by dust storms for 20 days annually.

Integrated Exercises

2. 1) motivation 2) demolish 3) symptom 4) combat 5) capture 6) distribute 7) assert 8) yield

9) internal 10) emergence 11) adherence 12) disrupt

3. 1) Internet access is av ailable in the students’ dormitory.

2) If you can harness your energy, you’ll be rewarded with huge accomplishments.

3) It has been confirmed that foul weather is highly hazardous for sea navigation.

4) The governmental nuclear waste disposal plan aroused fierce protests from the local

residents.

5) Extinction of this rare species of bird is foreseeable if effective measures are not taken.

6) While delivering a public speech, a speaker must articulate his/her arguments.

7) I highly esteem his current research on stem cells.

8) A speaker cannot always secure the cooperation of the audience.

9) The car industry of this country is sheltered by its government from foreign competition.

10) Even a moderate elevation of blood pressure leads to shortened life expectancys.

5. 1) The effective disposal of the recognized sources of pollution demonstrates to be of great

aid in the elevation of people’s quality of life.

2) Since the rapid evolution of technology, the lifestyles of the generations ahead of us will

witness a revolutionized change.

3) Tapping heat from the Earth enables the residents of resource-poor regions to combat the

poor conditions.

4) The downside of the practice of fertilizing the soil by burning straws is the fact that the

released dusts and particles pose a serious problem for the health of the respiratory system.

5) This campaign, organized by environmentally conscious individuals, has a measurable

effect on the general improv ement of all the people’s environmental protection awareness.

6) The history of deforestation can date back to two millenniums ago, which has deteriorated

constantly in the modern times, leading to a huge loss of wildlife habitat.

7) During the visit to Huangshan (Yellow Mountain), the tourists were amazed at how nature

works wonders, realizing that beauty is only sustainable if all of us care for the environment around us.

8) Drug abuse is a general degradation of lifestyle, causing immediate health effects.

9) Oil leakage in the mainstream river considerably decreases the quantity of drinkable water;

what’s worse, the adverse effects are not confined to areas near the source.

10) Luckily, the pollution inflicted by this accident will be effectively removed through natural

cycles, not having a negative impact on the environment.

Listening 2

A. (1) T (2) F (3) F (4) F (5) T (6) F (7) F

B. (1) The individual’s potential and the importance of growth and self-actualization.

(2) The lower one.

(3) By providing lunch breaks, rest breaks and sufficient wages to purchase essentials.

(4) The love and belonging needs.

(5) They are self-aware, concerned with personal growth, less concerned with the opinions of

other people, and interested in fulfilling their potential.

C. This lecture is about Maslow’s theory of the hierarchy of needs, namely physiological needs,

safety needs, social needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs. Physiological needs are the most basic and instinctive ones, which must be satisfied first. Safety needs refer to the needs for safety and security, also important for survival. Social needs include the needs for belonging, love and affection, the deprivation of which leads to unhappiness. Esteem needs reflect on personal worth, social recognition and accomplishment; if unmet, it may lead to inferiority complex. Self-actualization needs are at the highest level, meaning to realize a person’s full potential, capacities and talents.

Listening 3

A. (1) A (2) A (3) D (4) C (5) B

B. classically, runny nose, sore throat, intrigued, initially, clinically, alludes to, building up,

immune, alongside, shuffling, rip through, hospitalizations

C. (1) B C E

(2) ①A B C ②A B ③A B ④A B ⑤A B C ⑥C ⑦A ⑧A ⑨A ⑩A C

Unit 3 Comparison and Contrast

Keys to the Exercises

Task 1 Familiarizing Yourself with Comparison and Contrast

1. 1) Electric vehicles and gas vehicles.

2) The energy they used, the distance, the cost and convenience.

3) The electric vehicles and gas vehicles share some similarities: the appearance of muscle

cars, all the standard features and they even perform similarly. The differences are listed

writer structures his paragraph around points of comparison, moving back and forth between the subjects.

5) The former one—list all similarities of the two subjects, then their differences.

Reading 1 Electric Vehicles and Gas Vehicle

2. What’s more, there is a health factor that affects both of them. Canned food loses some of the

original fresh food nutrients when stored, and also has to be tinned with many preservatives and chemical factors that prolong the shelf life and apparent freshness of the food but could become toxic if consumed too often. Fresh food, on the other hand, often comes straight from

a farm and has all the nutrients Mother Nature intended for it. As we can see, fresh food

offers many benefits that canned food lacks. Therefore, an informed diner should always choose to eat fresh. After all, we could all use to improve our health.

Task 2 Understanding Lectures Through Comparison and Contrast

Listening 1

2. 1) T. What I’m just beginning to realize right now, is that we pay a huge price for the speed

that we claim is a big advantage of these computers.

2) F. And they consume one and a half megawatts of power. So that would be really great, if

you could add that to the production capacity in Tanzania. It would really boost the economy.

3) F. Now, how much computation does the brain do? I estimate 10 to the 16 bits per second,

which is actually about very similar to what Blue Gene do es. So that’s the question.

4) T. So what we are doing right now with computers with the energy consumed by 1,200

houses, the brain is doing with the energy consumed by your laptop.

5) F. How does that compare with the way computers work? In the computer, you have all the

data going through the central processing unit, and any piece of data basically has to go through that bottleneck, whereas in the brain, what you have is these neurons.

6) T. This is something that we’ve been working on for the last cou ple of years.

3. 120,000 processors

10 to the 16 bits per second

1.5 megawatts

10 quadrillion bits per second

10 watts

4. Although computers have strong power to process data, they still cannot compare to the brain

of human beings in which an unbelievable number of neurons connect and react with each other so that a real net could be accomplished perfectly. The research on how the computer could be as powerful as a brain will continue going on.

Task 3 Reading Comparison and Contrast Articles

2. 1) Consumer perceptions of organic processes and products and those involving

biotechnology.

2) Health, environment, risk and ethics.

3) No study has directly elicited comparable attitudes about organic and GM products and

processes.

4) The average participant slightly, but not strongly, agreed with the positively worded

health attributes (e.g., organic food is healthier), and disagreed with the negatively

worded health attributes (e.g., organic food is less healthy). The average response about

the healthfulness of GM foods was generally neutral.

5) Both were thought to have higher levels of nutrients than traditional food.

6) Generally, consumers perceive organic food production as environmentally friendly.

7) Respondents perceived GM foods as possessing a higher level of risk than other classes

of food.

8) Social acceptability is one motive driving the purchase of organic food.

9) Respondents did not have major ethical objections to GM food.

10) Forty-five percent.

Reading 2 Perceptions of Genetically Modified and Organic Foods and Processes

3. 1) p. prevalent 2) a. perception 3) i. moderate 4) f. construct 5) q. advantageous 6) k. attribute

7) c. organic 8) h. volume 9) l. nutrient 10) d. elicit 11) g. explicitly 12) b. warrant

13) m. inherent 14) t. respondent 15) e. empirical 16) j. contradict 17) o. obesity

18) n. cure 19) s. neutral 20) r. motive

Reading 3 A Comparative Report of Organic Food vs. Genetically Modified Food

5. 1) synthetic 2) manure 3) botanical 4) alter 5) regulation 6) compost 7) recommendation

8) mineral 9) federal 10) potent 11) organism 12) network 13) transformation 14) normal

\15) chemical 16) trace 17) negative 18) poll 19) facilities 20) modification

7. 1) Para. A 2) E 3) F 4) E 5) Para. F 6) Para. I 7) Para. J 8) F

8. My summary is: Fueled by health concerns, people have focused more on the origin of food

over the past decade; so to answer their questions, this report shows that organic foods are the best choice compared with genetically modified food.

Task 4 Writing an Essay of Comparison and Contrast

Reading 4 Fast Food Restaurant: McDonald’s vs. Wendy’s

1. B. W endy’s

1) the Ultimate Chicken Grill

2) small order of chili

McDonald’s

1) fruit yogurt parfait

2) green apple slices (kid’s menu)

3) healthier sandwich choices (such as McVeggie Burger, Chicken Fajitas, and Whole

Wheat Chicken McGrill)

C. Presentat ion of food: At Wendy’s, not only are the meal options excellent, the presentation

of healthy menu choices is superior.

Wendy’s salads are large and fresh with only one hindrance: excess water at the bottom of the bowl.

McDonald’s salads lack in appearance and freshness. These salads appear thrown together and often look wilted.

D. Wendy’s:

the first major fast food chain to offer fast food salad as a meal’s main course.

McDonald’s: n ow also offers salads as a main course menu choice, in reaction to the popularity of Wendy’s salads.

E. Meal variety, good presentation and several salad choices are all considered when

evaluating a fast food restaurant. With fast food restaurants such as Wendy’s and McDonald’s available, it is considerably easier for peop le to make healthier food choices.

5. 1) None of his speech is imperfect in organization and wording.

2) The manager will not miss the opportunity to accept the students’ proposals.

3) Kevin did not deny he took risky bets and lied to cover them up but claimed his superiors

were not ignorant of his doing.

4) It was told that their work needed to be improved as it wasn’t done well.

5) It is not avoidable that the public won’t miss such scandals in the business world.

6) Never will my parents be unready to help me out.

7) Hardly did the idea of returning to his hometown stop recurring in his dreams.

8) The islands failed to find that they were ready to fight against the outside intruders.

9) It was not until failing to catch the last bus to the city late one night did Mike not know

what to do next.

10) Never does he lose the optimistic confidence for life even though things don’t always go

smoothly.

Integrated Exercise

2. 1) accommodate 2) exhibition 3) consistent 4) negative 5) considerably 6) response

7) version 8) regulation 9) capacity 10) alter 11) trace 12) involve

3. 1) Older people are less likely to perceive situations negatively because they’re typically

more tolerant.

2) In most cases, the major reason for conducting an analysis, although not often explicitly

stated, appears to be to justify taxpayer spending.

3) The organization of the novel allowed readers to reconstruct the story by adding missing

elements and arranging the sequence of the events.

4) These skills are easy to learn and can add considerably to the overall enjoyment of

spending time out-of-doors.

5) He was asked to refine his draft headline to make it clearer and more exact.

6) It is inevitable that success in most work is evaluated by income.

7) The rejection of the parents’ political and religious beliefs put their children in a difficult

position.

8) It is well-known that the government will be consistent in its positions on civil rights

legislation.

9) The public figures who are seeking to further their careers cannot make selections about

the publicity they desire.

10) Considerable modification of the existing system is needed to increase efficiency.

5. 1) An appropriate use of limited natural resources is advantageous for the Earth environment

where human beings live.

2) The uncertainty over this region continues to grow; what is more unfortunate, people may

need some time to adapt.

3) Conventional notions holds that organic food is much healthier than genetically modified

food.

4) The brand gown designed by Marina comes to accommodate the need for a number of

occasions, including churches, dinners, business and other special occasions.

5) There is a more prevalent concern that the shortage of this research is due to the overall

lack of knowledge of AIDS groups and the difficulty of access to those groups.

6) After being exposed to and weighing the information about those risks, US researchers

suggested that childhood obesity prevention should occur/happen as early as possible, as much as possible before birth.

7) If this change is made, you are likely to run the risk of losing the audience and your

reputation.

8) In the modern society, in rejection of the traditional stereotype that women need more care

and tendance, many women assume/undertake the responsibility of raising a family.

9) Since the 21st century, the short-term certificates are rapidly gaining popularity, especially

for non-white students.

10) The research found that 75 percent of American teenagers always boast a healthy

self-image.

Listening 2

A. (1) F (2) T (3) F (4) F (5) T (6) F (7) T

B. (1) When the speaker was 15 years old, he first discovered the good waste problem.

(2) He grabbed hold of it, sat down, and ate his breakfast with pigs.

(3) It gave him faith that the people do have the power to stop this tragic waste of food

resources and bring about that change.

(4) 40 to 60 percent.

(5) The best thing is to feed pigs with food waste, and then their meat will be turned back into

food.

(6) “Feeding the 5,000” is an event the au thor first organized in 2009. They fed 5,000 people

all on food that otherwise would have been wasted.

C. Food waste has always been a tragic result for both humans and the food. People discard

some food may be just because of its wrong size or shape. These foods include not only vegetables and fruits, but also some animal products. The waste food ends up in pigs’ stomachs or landf ill sites. The author has gone to many corners of the world to spread the belief that food should not be wasted, for the resources on the Earth are limited and people should learn to share and cherish them. Excessive food waste could lead to serious outcomes for the environment.

Listening 3

A. (1) A (2) B (3) D (4) C (5) D

B. difference, farmers, life, grass, roll, volunteer, close, fresh, know, community, actually, go

C. (1) D (2) EBCDA

Unit 4 CAUSE AND EFFECT

Keys to the Exercises

Task 1

Reading 1

1. 1) For essential hypertension, there are age and race, diet and lifestyle, obesity, diabetes, stress; insufficient intake of potassium, calcium, and magnesium, lack of physical activity, and chronic alcohol consumption. For secondary hypertension, there are kidney diseases, tumors or other abnormalities.

2) For essential hypertension, the supporting evidences are“high blood pressure tends to run in families and is more likely to affect men than women. Age and race also play a role. In the United States, blacks are twice as likely as whites to have high blood pressure, although the gap begins to narrow around age 44. After age 65, black women have the highest incidence of high blood pressure”; the link between salt and high blood pressure is especially compelling. For secondary hypertension, the supporting evidence is“hypertension can also be triggered by tumors or other abnormalities that cause the adrenal glands (small glands that sit atop the kidneys) to secrete excess amounts of the hormones that elevate blood pressure”.

3) To organize supporting details, the following three sequences can be adopted: —Chronological order;

—Order of importance;

—Categorical order.

4) The common transitional words and phrases are: because, contribute to, also, the underlying cause, other factors, and the known causes.

5) To express speculation, the qualifying words and phrases one can resort to are: contribute to, lead to, result in, be caused by, be the consequence/ result of, account for, accordingly, consequently, therefore, thus, thereby, as a result, for this reason.

2. Secondly, according to a recent government survey, air and water pollution, combined with widespread use of food additives and pesticides, made cancer the top killer in China in recent years.“The main reason behind the rising number of cancer cases is that pollution of the environment, water and air is getting worse day by day,”said Chen Zhizhou, a health expert with the cancer research institute affiliated to the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. “Many chemical and industrial enterprises are built along rivers so that they can dump the waste into water easily,”Chen said,“Excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides also pollute underground water”.“The contaminated water has directly affected soil, crops and food,”he added. Air pollution is a major cause of lung cancers, as harmful granules enter the lungs and cannot be discharged. Large amounts of formaldehyde and its compounds used in house renovations and furniture has been blamed for deterioration in air quality. In addition, farmers use additives on pigs, poultry and vegetables to make them grow faster. In Shangba Village of Guangdong Province, for instance, more than 250 people died of cancer from 1987 to 2005; while in Huangmengying Village of Henan Province, more than 114 people died of cancer between 1991 and 2005. Similar cases were also reported in other provinces, with the usage of heavily-polluted water being the common factor.

Environmental pollution can be divided into two kinds: personal and impersonal. Personal pollution may be defined roughly as unhealthy habits such as smoking, drinking, and eating the wrong foods. Clearly, with enough will power we can control this personal environment. Impersonal pollution, on the other hand, refers to those things which are beyond our individual control. One example would be industrial pollution, which is very hard to control because of the expenses that are needed.

Task 2 Understanding Lectures Through Cause and Effect

Listening 1

2. 1) T. In Mesoamerica, there used to be neurosurgery, and there were these neurosurgeons that used to treat patients. They thought that, if you had a neurologic or psychiatric disease, it

must be because you are possessed by an evil spirit.

2) F. There were some sites where one percent of all the skulls have these holes, and so you can see that neurologic and psychiatric disease is quite common, and it was also quite common

about 7,000 years ago.

3) F. There are some rogue neurons that are misf iring and causing trouble, or sometimes they’re underactive and they’re not quite working as they should.

4) T. So when these neurons are in the motor circuit, you get dysfunction in the movement system, and you get things like Parkinson’s disease.

5) F. In the deep brain stimulation, what we’re doing is placing these electrodes throughout the brain. Again, we are making holes in the skull about the size of a dime, putting an electrode

in, and then this electrode is completely underneath the skin down to a pacemaker in the

chest, and with a remote control very much like a television remote control, we can adjust

how much electricity we deliver to these areas of the brain.

6) F. Now, about a hundred thousand patients in the world have received deep brain stimulation, and I’m going to show you some examples of using deep brain stimulation to treat disorders of movement, disorders of mood and disorders of cognition.

7) F. I tell my friends that no neuron is safe from a neurosurgeon, because we can really reach just about anywhere in the brain quite safely now.

8) T. So we use electricity to dictate how they f ire, and we try to block their misbehavior using electricity. So in this case, we are suppressing the activity of abnormal neurons.

3. Old theory for causes of neurological and psychiatric disease: evil spirits

Modern theory for causes of neurological and psychiatric disease: dysfunction in the brain: rogue neurons in the brain circuits and malfunctioning circuits in the brain.

Causes for Parkinson’s disease: When these rogue neurons are in the motor circuit, you get dysfunction in the movement system, and you get things like Parkinson’s disease.

Causes for Depression: When the malfunction of these neurons is in a circuit that regulates your mood, you get things like depression.

Causes for Alzheimer’s disease: When the malfunction of these neurons in a circuit that controls your memory and cognitive function, then you get things like Alzheimer’s disease.

4. It is an extract of the lecture “Parkinson’s, Depression and the Switch that might Turn them Off”made by Andres Lozano, the chair of neurosurgery at the University of Toronto, Andres Lozano has pioneered the use of deep brain stimulation for treating Parkinson’s, depression, anorexia and Alzheimer’s disease. Deep brain stimulation is becoming very precise. This technique allows surgeons to place electrodes in almost any area of the brain, and turn them up or down—like a radio dial or thermostat—to correct dysfunction. Andres Lozano offers a dramatic look at emerging techniques, in which a woman with Parkinson’s instantly stops shaking and brain areas eroded by Alzheimer’s are brought back to life.

Task 3 Reading Cause and Effect Articles

2. 1) This is intended to make an already existing practice more transparent and to offer legal protection for the physician involved, provided strictly defined requirements for careful practice were met.

2) This research aims to compare the requests for euthanasia posed over the 5 years before implementation with requests over the 5 years after implementation, using data from the Dutch Sentinel Practice Network.

3) The mean overall annual incidences before and after implementation were not significantly different, and amounted to 3.1/10,000 and 2.8/10,000, respectively.

4) Cancer.

5) Cardiovascular disease, severe depression, ALS/MS/muscular dystrophy, COPD.

6) Pain.

7) The major finding of the current study is that the implementation of the Euthanasia Act in 2002 has not led to a significant increase in the number of requests for euthanasia.

8) It is probably as a result of improved palliative care and the professionalized management of pain.

9) The efforts of the Network of Palliative Care for Terminal Patients.

10) Improvements in the practice of palliative care.

Reading 2 Requests for Euthanasia in General Practice before and after Implementation of

the Dutch Euthanasia Act

3. 1) k. plateau 2) h. professionalize 3) i. corresponding 4) a. legalize

5) f. stabilize 6) m. registration 7) b. thereafter 8) n. terminal

9) l. indicate 10) g. predominantly 11) o. phase 12) j. albeit

13) q. decisive 14) c. annual 15) t. transparent 16) e. depression

17) r. unbearable 18) u. chronic 19) d. formalization 20) v. application

21) p. comply 22) s. magnitude

Reading 3 Policy Issues in End-of-Life Care

5. 1) vary 2) divergent 3) forgo 4) reimbursement 5) exclude

6) intensive 7) delay 8) integration 9) default 10) orient

11) whereas 12) institutionalize 13) addiction 14) distribute 15) competence

16) restructure 17) stride 18) imply 19) sanctity 20) indicator

21) impede 22) aggressive 23) resist

6. Paragraph 1: An introduction to end-of-life care

Paragraph 2 to 7: Barriers to delivering good care at the end of life

Paragraph 8 to 11: Policy recommendations

7. 1) Para. K 2) F 3) Para. E 4) E 5) Para. G 6) Para. H&I 7) Para. K 8) E

8. My summary is: the barriers that impede progress in good-quality palliative care persist within clinicians themselves.

Task 4 Writing an Essay of Cause and Effect

Reading 4 Genes and Obesity: A Cause and Effect Relationship

1. Ⅰ. Introduction

Paragraph: 1

Main ideas: Many studies have reported that genetic components play a signif icant role in the condition of obesity.

Supporting details: In this regard, data from a large meta-analysis demonstrated that approximately 50%—70% of changes in body mass index (BMI) are attributable to genetic differences inherent to each subject. Based on this, environmental interaction in subjects with obesity susceptibility genes is currently considered to be the main cause of obesity. In only 5% of cases is obesity due to the existence of monogenic changes or to low incidence syndromes.

Ⅱ. Main body

Paragraphs: 2 to 4

Main ideas: Obesity is a complex condition because it results from the interaction of multiple genes with the environment.

Supporting details: Genes involved in the etiology of obesity include genes encoding peptides targeted to transmit hunger and satiety signals, genes involved in adipocyte growth and differentiation, and genes involved in energy expenditure control; mutations in genes implicated in the coding and synthesis of proteins involved in appetite regulation; the FTO gene is considered to induce progressive weight gain in subjects in whom it is over-expressed.

Ⅲ. Conclusion

Paragraph: 5

Main ideas: It should be noted, however, that genetic changes leading to the development of obese phenotypes tend to overexpress as the result of their interaction with environmental factors. Supporting details: Future management of obesity conditions with a genetic component will therefore necessarily include control of the genes involved in food intake and metabolic processes. At any rate, what is evident today is the complexity of the condition and the need for further research on the etiology and probable genetic nature of obesity.

2. 1) The Dutch Euthanasia Act; The Patient Self-Determination Act; The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987 (OBRA).

2) The implementation of the Euthanasia Act in 2002 has not led to a significant increase in the number of requests for euthanasia. It should be noted that implementation of the Act took place after extended political and media discussions and, therefore, may have been a formalization of an already existing practice rather than a turning point in attitudes. Despite several decades of public education and the 1991 federal Patient Self-Determination Act, which requires hospitals

to distribute living will forms on admission, the number of Americans with advance directives

or who have had conversations with a loved one varies regionally and is less than optimal. The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987 (OBRA) changed the custodial focus of nursing home care to a rehabilitative focus. This focus on rehabilitation has inadvertently ignored the needs of residents at the end of life.

3) Loss of dignity; Barriers to good-quality palliative care persist within clinicians themselves.

4) The percentage of pain as a reason for a request gradually decreased to about 25% in the following decade, probably as a result of improved palliative care. Improvements in the

practice of palliative care constitute an important reason why loss of dignity has become a less important reason for a request for euthanasia; we need to vastly redesign the system for the

way chronic illness is managed and integrate good chronic care, palliative care, and hospice

into one seamless system. For this to happen, we must fundamentally restructure the way that palliative care and hospice care are financed. We must redesign regulations that impede quality care, such as the Medicare rule that pays for rescue procedures in hospital but not for skin care and spoon-feeding at home, and the Medicare Hospice Benefit rule to forgo treatment, whose unintended consequence is delayed hospice referral. We must increase use of advance directives and families, broadly defined named in advance directives, must be better prepared to fulfill this important role. Mediation services to resolve conflicts should be standard and institutionalized. We must correct disparities in good care at the end of life.

5. 1) There is the belief held by most people that television keeps one informed about current events.

2) There is an assumption among many scientists that aggression is caused by male hormones and aggressiveness.

3) It is concluded by some observers that this month’s market chaos will do little tangible economic damage.

4) Application of rockets by scientists has been for the exploration of the universe.

5) It is asserted that education is nothing but a freeing of the mind and the spirit.

6) Nowadays, enthusiasm about running schools in both urban and rural areas as well as in all sectors of society is popular in China.

7) There is an emphasis about staying physically and mentally healthy these days.

8) Careful study of the original text will result in a better translation.

9) It is estimated by economists that each year cyber crime to Britain results in billions of pounds

worth of damage.

10) It is admitted by Mr Obama that the uncertainty of the exact volume of spilled oil still exists. Integrated Exercises

2. 1) recovery 2) orient 3) proportion 4) intervene 5) integration

6) restructure 7) terminate 8) majority 9) aware 10) dominant

11) accumulation 12) assist

3. 1) Foreign central banks may intervene in case of a rapid depreciation of the US dollar.

2) Bernanke gave no hint whether additional actions would be taken by the government to stabilize the economy.

3) Even domestically, regional differences can induce customers to misinterpret the value of a product.

4) In case of unsuccessful talks, the WTO might mediate at the request of China and its trade partners.

5) Animals can adjust, according to the light intensity, the size of their pupils.

6) The government should be winning people’s hearts and minds through a transparent mechanism.

7) The whole system of financial information should comprise the component of the management information.

8) High prices and negative conceptions impede these consumers’progress toward a greener purchase.

9) There seems to be very little focus on the practical application of language.

10) His untimely death is at least partly attributable to overwork and lack of exercise.

5. 1) One country’s oil security is a significant strategic issue, especially in countries such as China which have a rising dependence on foreign oil.

2) Greece and Portugal, impeded by high public debt, low productivity and an aging population are facing years of weak growth situation, and thus lead to greater debate.

3) In the past two decades, the Chinese government has made great strides in applying the market economy principle to the commercial sector.

4) It is a significant financial burden to supplement all pregnant women with vitamins and micronutrients. Many low-income countries encounter difficulties.

5) Now more and more couples holding the dominant value of independence don’t want to have children, it reflects they are lack of confidence in marriage facing the increasingly changing society.

6) The uncertainty of regulation scope may inadvertently bring the consequences of increasing risk of the investment.

7) As the legislation situation of health care reform gains momentum, the anxiety is beginning to quickly get into a fear of excessive medical treatment.

8) According to a new study sponsored by the federal government, only a third of the doctors treating the terminal cancer patients have ever discussed end-of-life care with the patients.

9) The major finding of the current study is that how the forest elephants deal with oil exploration in central Africa in the five-year period preceding the mass extinction.

10) To stabilize social order, protect their rights, many countries in the world offer legal protection for unmarried couples and their numbers are increasing.

Listening 2

A. (1) F (2) F (3) F (4) F (5) T (6) F (7) F

B. (1) Imagine if you will these two ideas together. Imagine what your life would be like if I were to stroke it with this feather but your brain would tell you that this (the f lame of the torch) is what you were feeling. And that is the experience of my patients with chronic pain.

(2) She fell on her outstretched arm and sprained her wrist.

(3) Glial cells.

(4) The despondency, despair and depression.

(5) Disease-modifying drugs.

C. We think of pain as a symptom, but there are cases where the nervous system develops feedback loops and pain becomes a terrifying disease in itself. Starting with the story of a girl whose sprained wrist turned into a nightmare, Elliot Krane talks about the complex mystery of chronic pain, and reviews the facts we’re just learning about in terms of how it works and how to treat it.

Listening 3

A. (1) B (2) B (3) C (4) A (5) D

B. vision, perceive, sensitive, damaged, core, significance, trivial, ignore, dissipate, fortunate, aroused, processed, intact, therefore, inexplicable

C. (1) C (2) B C A

V. Translations

Reading 1

高血压是什么原因引起的？

血压指血液在血管内流动时，作用于血管壁的压力。心脏如水泵一般，将血液运输到各个动脉血管当中。高血压或者高血压症发生时，心脏不得不加大负荷以将血液输送到身体的各个部位，这便造成了动脉硬化或者动脉粥样硬化，甚至会发展为心力衰竭。因而，高血压具有一定的危险性。

美国已记录的高血压病例中，有多达95%的高血压病其病因无法确定。这种病因尚未明确的高血压疾病被称为原发性高血压。虽然原发性高血压仍有些神秘，然而它的发生与一些危险因素相关。高血压通常会在家族中进行遗传，且相较女性而言，男性更易得高血压。另外，年龄与种族也会影响高血压的发生。在美国，黑人得高血压的可能性是白人的两倍。不过不管是黑人还是白人，当年龄到了44岁左右时，他们得高血压机率的差异便会开始缩小。

【免费下载】综合学术英语教程练习答案

Unit Two Task1Familiarizing Yourself with Classif ication 1.Skim the f ollowing passage f or the answ ers to the questions below. 1) Man-made or anthropogenic causes, and natural causes. 2) Pollution (burning fossil fuels, mining coal and oil, etc.), the production of CO 2( the increase of population, the demolition of trees, etc.) 3) CO 2 is a greenhouse gas that traps heat in the Earth’s atmosphere. 4) Classif i cation helps us to determine and understand the relationship of the parts of a subject which is studied by us. Classification is made on the basis of a clear definition. 5) In order to make a clear and logic classification, one needs to follow a principle of classification and go on with a system consistently. For example, the categories of classification should be mutually exclusive and no overlapping is allowed. Reading1Causes for Global Warming Task2Understanding Lectures through Classif ication Listening1 1.Listening to the lectur e and write down wha tev er y ou believ e is impor tant, especially the classif ica tions of key terms. Unconscious motivation, unconscious conflict, the id, the ego, the superego, etc. https://www.wendangku.net/doc/173945151.html,e y our notes.D ecide if the sta tements below ar e true(T)or false(F).Then justify y our answ ers,in the space pr ovided,b y giving evidence fr om the talk. 1) T2) F3) F4) F5) T6) F7) T8) F 3.Listen again,paying a ttention to the f ollowing classif ica tions and then complete the tables below. Idea One: The existence of an unconscious motivation Idea Two: The notion of unconscious dynamics or conflict 4.Listen again and piece y our notes together into a shor t summar y.Then r etell the lectur e to y our par tner. There are two interesting ideas in Freud’s theory: first, the existence of unconscious motivation; second, the concept of unconscious conflict. Freud believes that unconscious motivation might play an important role in a lot of situations, such as marriage, forgetting a person’s name, calling out the wrong name etc. In his view, there are three processes going on in the head, namely, id, ego and superego, which are in violent internal conflict. Id functions on“the Pleasure Principle”, while ego works on “the Reality Principle”and superego is the internalized rules of a society. Ego is in between id and superego. Task3Reading Classif ication Articles Reading2Renewable Energy Sources—A Brief Summary 1.W ork with a par tner or a gr oup of3—4students.Study the title and phr ases in bold of Reading 2and discuss the f ollowing questions. 1) Renewable energy is energy which comes from natural resources such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, and geothermal heat, which are renewable (naturally replenished). 2) √The purpose of using renewable energy sources. √The classification of renewable energy sources. √The examples of different types of renewable energy sources.

(完整word版)学术综合英语课后答案解析

Unit 1 C 1.The younger generation should continue to sustain and develop our fine traditions and long-standing culture. 2.In the course of preparing one’s speech, one should be clearly aware of how one could make effective use of statistics and examples to bolster one’s point of view. 3.An impromptu speech is one of the speaking skills that college students should learn and develop through practice. 4.By using simile and metaphor, you can make your language more vivid and more attractive to your audience. 5.The proper examples you cite might help reinforce the impression on your listeners and make your viewpoints more convincing. 6.When you are speaking, you should choose common and easy words and at the same time avoid clutter in your speech.

研究生学术综合英语课文翻译unit1-4

第一单元? 如何发表演说 斯蒂芬·卢卡斯? ???? 在人类创造的万物中，语言可能是最卓越的一项创造。通过语言，我们可以分享经验、阐明价值观念、交流思想、传播知识、传承文化。确实，语言对于思想本身至关重要。和流行的信仰不同的是：语言并不是简单地反映事实，而是通过对事件意义的思考来帮助人们感悟现实。? ???? 优秀的演说者尊重语言并懂得如何驾驭语言。语言是演说者展示才能的工具，对于他们来说，如同其他职业的工具一样,语言也有特殊的功用。作为一名演说者，你应该意识到话语的意义，并懂得如何准确无误地使用语言，使其表达清楚，趣味横生，恰如其分。? 如同数字对于会计的重要性一样，准确地使用语言对于演说者至关重要。在没有确切知道一个词语的意思之前，千万不要盲目使用。碰到没有把握的词语，一定要查词典追根究底。当你准备演讲之前，一定要不断地问自己：“我究竟想说些什么？我究竟想表达什么样的意思？”因此，对于一篇演讲稿的用词来说，必须准确无误。? 如果语言表达清楚无误，听众就能很快抓住你的意思。鉴于此，演说者应该使用那些对于大多数人来说非常熟悉的词语，这些词语不需要任何专业背景就能够理解；演说者应该使用那些表达具体而不是相对抽象的词语；并且千万不要乱堆砌辞藻，哗众取宠。? 准确生动地使用语言能够使你的演说贴近生活。有一种方法可以使你的语言更加生动形象，那就是通过展开联想或创造语言图示。通过使用表达具体的词语、明喻或者暗喻等手法可以展开想像。明喻是对事物不同之处的比较，不过有些是相同的：它们总是包含“像……一样”或者“如同……一样”这样的连词。暗喻是一种隐性的比喻，它能够把两个形式不同但是有一些相通之处的事物联系在一起，暗喻不包含“像……一样”或者“如同……一样”这样的连词。? 另一种让你的演说生动形象的方法是注重语言的节奏感。有四种修辞格可以让你的语言富有节奏感：排比、重复、头韵和对比。排比是将一组或一系列具有相似结构的词语、短语或者句子排列在一起；重复是在一系列短句或者长句的开头或者结尾使用相同的一句话或者一组词语；头韵是指邻近或者相邻的几个句子中的首个词语的辅音字母相同；对比是将一些意思相反的词语或者句子并列在一起，通常使用排比结构。 恰当地使用语言是指语言的运用要符合特定的场合、特定的观众和特定的主题。同时，恰当地使用语言还意味着演说者要有自己的语言风格，而不是模仿他人的口吻。如果演说者的语言在各个方面都能够做到恰如其分，那么这篇演说成功的机率就会大大提高。??????? 优秀的演说并不是空穴来风、缺乏论据的决断。演说者必须找到强有力的论据来支持其观点。实际上，熟练地使用论据经常是区别一篇优秀演说词和一篇空洞演说词的关键所在。一般来说，通常有三种论据材料：事例、统计数据和证词。? ???????在演说过程中，你可以使用一些简明扼要的例子——比如过去发生的一个很具体的事件——有时候，你可以罗列好几个简明的例子，借此增强听众的印象。扩展性的例子——描述、叙述或者奇闻轶事——通常长一些，但更具体。夸张性的例子描述想像中的情形，这种例子能够将相关的想法有效地传达给听众。这三种例子都能够帮助演说者理清思绪、加强印象或者使演说更加娓娓动听。为了使表达更加富有效果，例子应该生动活泼，丰富多彩。 只要演说者对于统计数据用之得当并且加以解释，这些数据将有助于有效地传达信息，听众也能从统计数据中获益匪浅。最重要的是：演说者应该对统计数据了如指掌，并且运用得恰如其分。由于数据很容易操纵和捏造，因此，对于演说者来说，一定要确保图表没有张冠李戴，并且要确保统计方法正确，数据来源可靠。?

综合学术英语教程测试答案

精心整理 Unit Two Task1Familiarizing Yourself with Classif ication 1.Skim the f ollowing passage f or the answ ers to the questions below. 1) Man-made or anthropogenic causes, and natural causes. 2) Pollution (burning fossil fuels, mining coal and oil, etc.), the production of CO( the increase of population, the demolition of trees, etc.) 1. 2. 3.Listen again,paying a ttention to the f ollowing classif ica tions and then complete the tables below. Idea One: The existence of an unconscious motivation Idea Two: The notion of unconscious dynamics or conflict 4.Listen again and piece y our notes together into a shor t summar y.Then r etell the lectur e to y our par tner. There are two interesting ideas in Freud’s theory: first, the existence of unconscious motivation; second, the concept of unconscious conflict. Freud believes that unconscious motivation might play an important role in a lot of situations, such as marriage, forgetting a person’s name, calling out the wrong name etc. In his view, there are three processes going on in the head,

学术综合英语unit1_5课后习题答案解析

Task 2 A contrary to implicit assertion look up adapted Sustain unbiased In the course of metaphor clutter B bolster credible impromptu sparingly anecdote Credentials testimony hypothetical paraphrase juxtaposition Task 3 Translation B.发言提纲是有效发言的基础。通过写发言提纲，你可以确保你的思想是相关联的，你的思路从一点谈到另一点，你的讲话结构是连贯的。通常，准备讲演你可以采用两种提纲方式：详细准备提纲和简单发言提纲。 在准备发言提纲中，应该写出你的特定目的及中心思想，并以连贯的方式确定主要观点和次要观点，发言提纲应该由简要的提要组成，这些提要在你讲话时能够给予你一些帮助。发言提纲还应该包括帮助你记忆的重点词或重点短语。在写发言提纲时，可采用准备提纲的模式，尽可能使你的发言提纲简要，同时，要确保提纲清晰，易于辨认。 C. 1. The younger generation should continue to sustain and develop our fine traditions and long-standing culture. 2. In the course of preparing one’s speech, one should be clearly aware of how one could make effective use of statistics and examples to bolster one’s point of view. 3. An impromptu speech is one of the speaking skills that college students should learn and develop through practice. 4. By using simile and metaphor, you can make your language more vivid and more attractive to your audience. 5. The proper examples you cite might help reinforce the impression on your listeners and make your viewpoints more convincing. 6. When you are speaking, you should choose common and easy words and at the same time avoid clutter in you speech. 7. When you write a paper, citing the views from some experts is a good way to make your ideas more credible. 8. A good method of delivering a speech will improve its quality and will help convey the speakers’ ideas clearly and interestingly. 9. You should mot blindly use a word that you are not sure about, and if you are not sure, look up the word in a dictionary. 10. Your language should adapt to the particular occasion and audience. If your language is appropriate in all respects, your speech is successful. D. Before you deliver an academic speech, you should, first of all, get well prepared for it. Then, you should make your major points clear in your speech, and your speech should be well organized. When speaking, you should not speak too fast, and your language should be exp licit. Don’t always read the notes you prepared beforehand. From time to time, you should look at your audience. On one hand, you can show your respect to your audience, and on the other hand, you will be able to go on with your speech more smoothly.

(超详细答案)综合学术英语教程2答案上海交通大学出版蔡基刚

综合学术英语教程2 答案 Unit 1 Multidisciplinary Education Keys to the Exercises Approaching the Topic 1. 1) The aim of college education is to produce individuals who are well on their way to become experts in their field of interest. 2) The growing importance of producing professionals who have the skills to work with people from a diverse set of disciplines. 3) First, through an interdisciplinary approach; Second, through a multidisciplinary approach. 4) College education should produce individuals who may later become expert who are interdisciplinary problem solvers. 2. 1) f 2) d 3) a 4) e 5) g 6) m 7) j 8) k 9) l 10) i 11) b 12) h 13) c 4. (1) offered (2) stresses (3) ability (4) different (5) approach (6) increasingly (7) graduates (8) enter (9) positions (10) Employment 6. 1) Multidisciplinary studies. 2) They both believe that current college education should lay emphasis on multidisciplinary

综合学术英语教程4 Unit 1 答案

Unit 1 Task5(page8) 1.A student and professional may spend plenty of time reporting the resuits of their research projects when they present them to teachers,managers and clients.Actually,one would be faced with many difficulties in study and on the job without the necessary research skills as well as the ability to show the results with clarity and completeness. 2.In this part the basic rule one has to follow is to offer the entire set of data relevant to the research question raised at the beginning.If one tends to hide findings which,to some extent, cannot support his hypothesis,such dishonest behavior is not welcome in research reporting in any field. 3.Little importance is attached to a lively style;however,it is acceptable to write interestingly.Th e essential qualities for professional communication should include accuracy,clarity,and complet eness Task4 (p26~27) 2.Tourism has been affected negatively by the rise of expense in air travel to scenic spots like Ha waii. 3.Studies show that people with particular blood types are more likely to be infected by some dis eases.However,there is no sure correlation between blood types and people's characters. 4.The practice of identifying the sex of the unborn baby in the womb,and then terminating the baby girl if it is not wanted,is made possible in some traditional societies by ultrasound equipme nt due to its portability and low price. 5.In2011,Africa ranked No.2in the cellular phone market,next to Asia.This year saw the swift development of Africa’s cellular network in size and quality to satisfy the600million user's needs. 6.The shortage of fresh water is caused by population explosion,pollution,climate change,inade quate sewage disposal and rising sea levels.in the long run,crises,even wars,may arise as peopl e fight over the availability of fresh water supplies which are essential to them. Task 5 (P27) Question 2 In explaining how faculty and administrators should deal with academic dishonesty,Eastman,Iyer and Reisenwitz(2008)suggest that three aspects of academic dishonesty be taken into considera tion,including factors influencing academic dishonesty,differentiation between plagiarism and cheating,and student’s view that certain types of academic dishonesty are more unethical than others.

(完整版)学术英语综合课后答案季佩英.doc

Unit 1 Language building-up Task 1/Specialized vocabulary 1.饲料经销商；饲料批发商 2.为他自己的收益而工作 3.技能与劳动力 4.制造塑料 5.私人交易 6.包装并定价 7.无形之手 1.priced https://www.wendangku.net/doc/173945151.html,bor 3.transactions 4.gain https://www.wendangku.net/doc/173945151.html,bor; manufactured 6.invisible hand 7.distributor Task 2/Signpost language 1.Today, in millions of homes across the nation, God will be thanked for many gifts, for the feast on the table and the company of loved ones, for health and good fortune in the year gone by, for peace privilege of having been born, or having become — American(Line 2, Para.1). 2. And yet, isn't there something wondrous,—something almost inexplicable in the way your Thanksgiving weekend is made possible by the skill and labor of vast numbers of total strangers? (Line 1, Para. 4) 3. ...Thanksgiving Turkey, there would be one,—or more likely, a few dozen—waiting. (Line 3, Para.6) Task 3/Formal English 1. very many 3. a large group of 5. understand 2. buying or selling 4. more huge 6. troubled Unit 2 Language building Task 1: Part 1: 1)无形之手； 2）自由企业制度 3）股东 4）经济体制 5）开发产品和服务 6）市场力量；市场调节作用

综合学术英语教程 答案

综合学术英语教程2答案 Unit 1 Multidisciplinary Education Keys to the Exercises Approaching the Topic 1. 1) The aim of college education is to produce individuals who are well on their way to become experts in their field of interest. 2) The growing importance of producing professionals who have the skills to work with people from a diverse set of disciplines. 3) First, through an interdisciplinary approach; Second, through a multidisciplinary approach. 4) College education should produce individuals who may later become expert who are interdisciplinary problem solvers. 2. 1) f 2) d 3) a 4) e 5) g 6) m 7) j 8) k 9) l 10) i 11) b 12) h 13) c 4. (1) offered (2) stresses (3) ability (4) different (5) approach (6) increasingly (7) graduates (8) enter (9) positions (10) Employment 6. 1) Multidisciplinary studies. 2) They both believe that current college education should lay emphasis on multidisciplinary studies, which is a prerequisite to producing future expert who are interdisciplinary problem solvers. 3) Open. 4) Open. 5) Open. Reading about the Topic 3. 1) The students have brought to MIT their individual gifts, such as their own intellect, energy, ideas, aspirations, distinctive life experience and point of view, etc. 2) They represent the geographic and symbolic center of MIT. 3) Names of intellectual giants. 4) Leonardo da Vinci was a painter, scientist, engineer, sculptor, inventor, city planner and architect. 4.Set 1: 1) c 2) e 3) d 4) h 5) a 6) g 7) f 8) b Set 2: 1) e 2) a 3) h 4) b 5) c 6) f 7) d 8) g 5.(b) Para. A (b) Para. B (a) Para. C (c) Para. D (f) Para. E (e) Para. F (d) Para. G (g) Para. A 6. 1) Because for him, the simplicity he appreciated in nature became his ultimate standard in design. 2) First was da Vinci’s complete disregard for the accepted boundaries between different f ields of knowledge. The second facet of da Vinci’s character was his respect for and fascination with nature. The third quality of da Vinci’s character was an enthusiastic demand for hands-on making, designing, practicing and testing, and for solving problems in the real world.

新核心综合学术英语教程同步词汇练习Unit1

词汇练习 Unit 1 1. Schools are advised to work together with parents to address the issue of addiction to computer games. A) speak to B) deal with C) take down D) go for 2. None of the servants were ____ when Mr. Smith wanted to send a message. A) available B) approachable C) attainable D) applicable 3. Decades of ____ might have been partially responsible for our ignorance of development abroad. A) insulation B) irrigation C) integration D) isolation 4. They have always regarded a man of ____and fairness as a reliable friend. A) robustness B) temperament C) integrity D) compactness 5. It is true that ____ a wild plant into a major food crop such as wheat requires much research time. A) multiplying B) breeding C) magnifying D) generating 6. Extensive reporting on television has helped to ____ interest in a wide variety of sports and activities. A) assemble B) generate C) yield D) gather 7. They stood gazing at the happy ____ of children playing in the park. A) perspective B) view C) landscape D) scene 8. Though he was born and brought up in America, he can speak ____ Chinese. A) fluid B) smooth C) fluent D) flowing 9. Forty-five years of conflict and ____ between East and West are now a thing of past. A) conviction B) compatibility C) collaboration D) confrontation 10. Mary once ____ with another musician to compose a piece of pop music. A) merged B) collaborated C) coincided D) constituted 11. The tenant must be prepared to decorate the house ____ the terms ofthe contrast. A) in the vicinity of B) in quest of C) in accordance with D) in collaboration with 12. All human beings have a comfortable zone regulating the ____ they keep from someone they talk with. A) distance B) scope C) range D) boundary 13. These goods are ____ for export, though a few of them may be sold on the home market. A) essentially B) completely C) necessarily D) remarkably 14. In many cultures people who were thought to have the ability to____ dreams were likely to be highly respected. A) interpret B) intervene C) inherit D) impart 15. It has been scientifically proved that man does have some inherent abilities that other species don’t possess. A) genetic B) internal C) peculiar D) inborn 16. Having had her as a professor and adviser, I can tell you that she is an ____ force who pushes her students to excel far behind their own expectations.

学术综合英语unit

His Politeness Is Her Powerlessness Deborah Tannen There are many different kinds of evidence that women and men are judged differently even if they talk the same way. This tendency makes mischief in discussions of women, men and power. If a linguistic strategy is used by a woman, it is seen as powerless; if it is used by a man, it is seen as powerful. Often, the labeling of “women?s language” as “powerless language” reflects the view of wo men?s behavior through the lens of men?s. 他这样说是彬彬有礼，她这样说是低微无能 黛博拉·塔嫩各种各样的证据表明：即使女性和男性说话方式相同，人们对他们的看法还是不同。这种倾向导致有关女性、男性和有无能耐的讨论纷争不断。女性说话讲究方式方法被认为是低微无能，而换成男性则被认为是有能力的表现。视女性的语言为低微无能者的语言常常反映出男性看女性行为的视觉角度。 Because they are not struggling to be one-up, women often find themselves framed as one-down. Any situation is ripe for misinterpretation.This ambiguity accounts for much misinterpretation by experts as well as nonexperts, by which women?s ways of thinking, uttered in a spirit of rapport, are branded powerless.Nowhere is this inherent ambiguity clearer than in a brief comment in a newspaper article in which a couple, both psychologists, were jointly interviewed. The journalist asked them the meaning of “being very polite.” The two experts responded simultaneou sly, giving different answers. The man said, “Subservience.” The woman said, “Sensitivity.” Both experts were right, but each was describing the view of a different gender. 女性不为高人一等而拼搏，往往就被认为是低人一等。在任何情况下都极易发生误会。这也说明了为什么专家和非专家常常把女性以友善语言表述出来的思维方式曲解成低微无能的表现。没有什么能比一家报社刊登的采访片段更能清楚地说明这种根深蒂固的歧义。采访对象是一对心理学家夫妇，当记者问他们“表现得非常有礼貌”的含义时，这两位专家同时给出不同的答案。男性回答说：“服从。”女性回答说：“敏感。”两位专家都是正确的，只不过每个人描述的是不同性别的观点。 Experts and nonexperts alike tend to see anything women do as evidence of powerlessness. The same newspaper article quotes another psychologist as saying, “A man might ask a woman, …Will you please go to the store?? where a woman might say, …Gee, I really need a few things from the store, but I?m so tired.?” The woman?s style is called “covert,” a term suggesting negative qua lities like being “sneaky” and “underhanded.” The reason offered for this is power. The woman doesn?t feel she has the right to ask directly. 专家和非专家都习惯把女性的任何行为看为低微无能的表现。以上同一篇报刊文章援引另一位心理学家的话说：“一个男人会这样问一个女人：…请你去一趟商店好吗??同样的情况下女人会说：…哎，我真的需要从商店买点东西，但是我实在太累了。?” 女性的这种表达方式被称为“隐蔽的”，该词含有“鬼祟”和“秘密”等贬义，而这样表述的原因归咎于一个“权”字，女人觉得她没有权利直接提出要求。 Granted, women have lower status than men in our American society. But this is not necessarily why they prefer not to make outright demands. The explanation for a woman?s indirectness could just as well be her seeking connection. If you get your way as a result of having demanded it, the payoff is satisfying in terms of status: You?re one-up because others are doing as you told them. But if you get your way because others happened to want the same thing, or because they offered freely, the payoff is rapport. You?re neither one-up nor one-down by being