通信专业英语复习

南京工程学院通信工程学院专业英语复习

P40

Signal Processing

Signals commonly need to be processed in a variety of ways. For example,the output signal from a transducer may well be contaminated with unwanted electrical “noise”. The electrodes attached to a patient’s chest when an ECG is taken measure tiny electrical voltage changes due to the activity fo the heart and other muscles. The signal is often strongly affected by “mains pickup”due to electrical interference from the mains supply. Processing the signal using a filter circuit can remove or at least reduce the unwanted part of the part of the signal. Increasing nowadays, the filtering of signals to improve signal quality or to extract important information is done by DSP techniques rather than by analog electronics.

信号通常需要有各种不同的方式处理。例如，来自变压器的输出信号，很可能会受到有害电气“噪声”的污染。当测量由于心脏和其他肌肉活动引起的微小电压变化的心电图时，需要把电极贴在病人的胸部。信号会受到来自电源供应电磁干扰的主检波器的强烈影响，信号处理电路可以使用过滤器消除或减少信号的多余部分。如今越来越多的，信号的滤波以提高信号质量或提取重要信息是由DSP技术而不是模拟电子产品来完成的。

P44

Image Processing

Image are signals with special characteristics. First,they are a measure of a parameter over time. Second,they contain a great deal of information.For example,more than 10 megabytes can be required to store one second of television video. This is more than a thousand times greater than for a similar length voice signal. Third,the final judge of quality is often a subjective human evaluation,rather than an objective criterion. These special characteristics have image processing a distinct subgroup within DSP.

图像信号具有特殊特征。首先，他们是在空间（距离）上衡量的一个参数，大多数的信号衡量参数受时间的控制。第二，它们含有大量的信息。例如：超过10兆会被需要存储一秒的电视录像。这超过了一千倍的相似长度的语音信号。第三，质量的最终裁判是人的主观评价，而不是客观评价。这些特点使图像处理成为一个具有DSP芯片的截然不同的子群。

Bluetooth technology has achieved global acceptance such that any Bluetooth enabled device, almost everywhere in the world, can connect to other Bluetooth enabled devices in proximity. Bluetooth enabled electronic devices connect and communicate wirelessly through short-range, ad hoc networks known as piconets. Each device can simultaneously communicate with up to seven other devices within a single piconet. Each device can also belong to several piconets simultaneously. Piconets are established dynamically and automatically as Bluetooth enabled devices enter and leave radio proximity.

蓝牙技术已经得到了全球的认可了，这样使得任何可激活的蓝牙设备在世界上的任何地方都可以连接其他附近的蓝牙设备。蓝牙使得电子装置可以通过无线短程连接和交流、ad hoc网络成为piconets。每个器件可同时与多达7个其他装置在微微网连接。每个装置还可以同时属于多个piconets。Piconets建立动态连接并自动启动蓝牙的设备进入和离开附近的无线电。

P116

The Bluetooth wireless technology specification is available is available free-0f-charge to our member companies around the globe. Manufacturers from many industries are busy implementing the technology in their products to reduce the clutter of wires, make seamless connections,stream stereo audio, transfer data or carry voice communications. Bluetooth technology operates in the 2.4 GHz, one of the unlicensed industrial, scientific medical(ISM) radio bands. As such, there is no cost for the use of Bluetooth technology. While you must subscribe to a cellular provider to use GSM or CDMA, with Bluetooth technology there is no cost associated with the use beyond the cost of your device.

蓝牙无线技术规格向全世界我们的公司的成员都是免费可用的。许多行业的制造商正忙于将这项技术使用到他们的产品中，为了减少杂乱的电线，实现无缝连接，线流质的立体声音频，传输数据或进行语音通信。蓝牙技术工作在2.4GHz，一个开放的工业，科学，医疗(ISM)无线电频段。因此，使用蓝牙技术没有花费。然而你必须订阅到蜂窝提供商去使用GSM 或者CDMA，使用蓝牙技术没有超出您设备的成本。

Fourier Transform傅立叶变换

data compression数据压缩

feature matching特征匹配

P51

interconnect 互联、内连

distributed 分布式的

transmission line 传输线、波导线

precision障碍、妨碍物

distortion 失真

complexity复杂、复杂的事物、复杂性P115-116

quality of service(QoS) 服务质量

ease-of-use 易于使用

P117

baseband基带

seamless 无缝的

P122

Cellular phone 移动电话

Terminal终端（机）

P6-127

The national power grid国家电网

the state of art艺术的状态

Existing level of development 现有发展水平

P133

global positioning system(GPS) 全球定位系统

personal digital assistant(PDA) 个人数字助理

personal area network(PAN) 个人局域网

P161

Complex network复杂网络

P167

regular network规则网络

cluster团簇

Lesson one: modern digital design &digital signal processing

现代数字化设计和数字信号处理

Text A introduction to digital signal processing P46

引入数字信号处理

1.Without it, they would be lost in the technological world.

译文：没有基本的电路设计背景，他们将会被技术界淘汰。

2.In comparison, DSP converts audio signals into a stream of serial digital data.Since bits can be easily intertwined and later separated,many telephone conversations can be transmitted on a single channel. This technology is called multiplexing.

译文：比较而言，DSP可以将音频信号转换为数据流，因为数字比特易于组合和分离，因此，多路电话信号可以通过一条信道进行传输，这种技术叫做复用。

3.When a voice signal is digitized at 8000 samples/sec, most of the information is redundant. That is, the information carried by any one sample is largely duplicated by the neighboring samples.

译文：当对语音信号在8000次/秒的采样率基础上进行编码时，获得的数字信号存在冗余，也就是说，某一采样点的信息很大程度上与其他采样点信息重复。

4.Note that the acronym DSP can variously mean Digital Signal Processing,the term used for a wide range of techniques for processing signals digitally,or Digital Signal Processor,a specialized type of microprocessor chip.

译文：前者表示一种目前被广泛采用的数字信号处理技术，后者则表示一种专用的微处理器芯片。

Text B modern digital design P52

现代数字化设计

1.These system operate at high frequencies at which conductors no longer behave as simple wires, but instead exhibit high-frequency effects and behave as transmission lines that are used to transmit or receive electric signals to or from neighboring components.

译文：当系统工作于高频段时，导体不再是简单的导线，此时，导体将表现出高频特性，即具有传输线的功能和特性，该特性使得导体与相邻器件之间实现信号的发送和接受。

2.The signal is not contained in the conductor itself but is a contribution of all the local electric and magnetic fields around the conductor.

译文：信号不再仅仅存在于导体内，也在导体外产生电磁场。

Lesson six: technology of modern communication

现代通信

Text A Bluetooth P118

蓝牙

1.Piconet 微微网

PIN: Personal Identification Numbe r 个人识别码

2.Bluetooth wireless technology is a short-range communications technology intended to replace the cables connecting portable and fixed devices while maintaining high levels of security.

译文：蓝牙无线技术是一种小范围无线通信技术，旨在保持高安全级的基础上，在便携式设备与固定设备之间实现无线连接。

3.The Bluetooth core system, defined by Bluetooth specification, is a common service layer protocol while covers four lower layers in seven layers protocol. Service Discovery Protocol(SDP) and the overall profile requirements are defined by Generic Access Profile(GAP).

译文：蓝牙规范将蓝牙核心系统定义为一个普通的服务层协议，这个服务层覆盖了七层协议下的四层，通过访问应用(GAP)定义了服务发现层协议(SDP)和所需要的通用协议子集。

Text B “Chinese standard” aims at international market P122

在国际市场中“中国标准”的宗旨

1.intelligent antenna 智能天线

software wireless 软件无线电

2.The Chinese government has been making efforts to push forward the “Chinese standard” since the beginning of the year with the pace of R&D and industrialization becoming apparently quickened.

译文：鉴于研发速度与工业化节奏的明显加快，自年初以来，中国政府开始致力于推动“中国标准”的制定和完善。

3.TD-SCDMA can be connected with the current telecom system, and with its features of intelligent antenna, high application rate of frequency, the TD-SCDMA’s technical advantages are coming to show gradually.

译文：TD-SCDMA可以与目前的电信系统相连，加上只能天线的使用和高频谱利用路，TD-SCDMA的技术优势逐渐显露。

Lesson seven: wireless sensor networks

无线传感器网络

Text A evolution, opportunities, and challenges P133

进化，机会和挑战

1.Even though research was focused on satisfying mission needs, e.g., acoustic signal processing and interpretation, tracking, and fusion, it provided some key processing technologies for modern sensor networks.

译文：尽管研究仅限于如何满足特定的使用需要，如声音信号的处理、解释、跟踪和综合等，但是它仍然为现代传感网络提供了一些关键的处理技术。

2.Sensor networks can improve detection and tracking performance through multiple observations, geometric and phenomenological diversity, extended detection range, and faster response time.

译文：传感网络能够通过多种途径改善检测和跟踪性能，如利用几何学和现象学的多样性进行多种观测，扩大探测范围和加快响应时间等。

3.Small and inexpensive sensors based upon microelectro-mechanical system(MEMS) technology, wireless networking, and inexpensive low-power processors allow the deployment of wireless ad hoc networks for various applications.

译文：由于采用了体积小、价格低的基于微电子—机械系统(MEMS)的传感器、无线网络，以及低价低消耗的处理器，使得无线ad hoc网络的应用能推广到多种应用领域。

Lesson nine: complex networks and its applications

Text A exploring complex networks (Ⅰ) P162

1.six degrees of Marlon Brando 六度分离

2.Moreover, the availability of power computers has made it feasible to probe their structure; until recently, computations involving million-node would have been impossible without specialized facilities.

译文：而且，强大的计算机的使用使我们有可能探明他们的结构；至今，百万节点网络的计算仍然离不开专业的设备的辅助。

3.The greatest challenge today, not just in cell biology and ecology but in all of science, is the accurate and complete description of complex systems.

译文：当今最大的挑战是对复杂系统做精确、完整的分析，这不只存在于细胞生物学和生态学，而是整个科学领域。

Text B exploring complex networks (Ⅱ) P167

1.A natural place to start is at the opposite end of the spectrum form regular networks,with graphs that are completely random.

译文：一个很自然的出发点就是从规则网络图谱到完全随机的图谱。

2.They have also served as idealized coupling architectures for dynamical models of gene networks、ecosystems and the spread of infectious diseases and computer viruses.

译文：它们还为动态基因网络、生态网络、传染病及计算机病毒传播提供理想的耦合模型。

电子信息专业英语复习资料

电子信息专业英语复习资料 一、基本术语（英译汉） 1.probe探针 2.real time operational system 实时操作系统 3.debugger 调试器 4.sourse code 源代码 5.software radio wireless LAN 软件无线电网络 6.base station 基站 7.top-down approach 自顶向下分析法 8.variable 变量 9.data compress 数据压缩 10.signal conditioning circuit 信号调理电路 11.Chebyshev Type Ⅰfilter 切比雪夫Ⅰ型滤波器 12.vertical resolution 垂直分辨率 13.device driver 设备驱动 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/114033111.html,piler 编译器 15.template 模板 16.concurrent process 并发进程 17.object recognition 目标识别 18.Discrete Time Fourier Transform 离散傅立叶变换 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/114033111.html,bined circuit 组合逻辑电路 20.impedance transform 阻抗变换器 21.voltage source 电压源22.passive component 无源器件 23.quality factor 品质因数 24.unit-impulse response 单位脉冲响应 25.noise origin 噪声源 26.Domino effect 多米诺效应 27.output load 输出负载 28.cordless phone 无绳电话 29.Antenna 天线 30.harmonic interference 谐波干涉 31.Parallel Resonant 并联谐振 32.voltage control oscillator 压控振荡器 33.adaptive delta modulation 自适应增量调制 34.amplitude modulation 调幅 二、缩略语（写出全称） 1.LSI：large scale integration 2.PMOS ：p-type metal-oxide semiconductor 3.CT：cycle threshold 4.MRI：magnetic resonance imaging 5.ROM：read-only memory 6.DRAM ：dynamic random access memory 7.TCXO ：temperature compensated X'tal (crystal) Oscillator https://www.wendangku.net/doc/114033111.html,B：Universal Serial Bus 9.DCT：discrete cosine transform

通信原理

[原创连载]深入浅出通信原理（最后更新于6月8日夜） 开场： 很多原理一旦上升为理论，常常伴随着繁杂的数学推导，很简单的本质反而被一大堆公式淹 没，通信原理因此让很多人望而却步。 非常复杂的公式背后很可能隐藏了简单的道理。 真正学好通信原理，关键是要透过公式看本质。 以复傅立叶系数为例，很多人都只是会套公式计算，真正理解其含义的人不多。对于经常出 现的“负频率”，真正理解的人就更少了。 连载1：从多项式乘法讲起 连载2：卷积的表达式 连载3：利用matlab计算卷积

连载5：著名的欧拉公式 连载6：利用卷积计算两个信号的乘积连载7：信号的傅立叶级数展开连载8：时域信号相乘相当于频域卷积连载9：用余弦信号合成方波信号 连载10：傅立叶级数展开的定义 连载11：如何把信号展开成复指数信号之和？ 连载12：复傅立叶系数 连载13：实信号频谱的共轭对称性 连载14：复指数信号的物理意义－旋转向量连载15：余弦信号的三维频谱图 连载16：正弦信号的三维频谱图 连载17：两个旋转向量合成余弦信号的动画连载18：周期信号的三维频谱图 连载19：复数乘法的几何意义连载20：用成对的旋转向量合成实信号 连载21：利用李萨育图形认识复信号

连载23：利用欧拉公式理解虚数 连载24：IQ信号是不是复信号？ 连载25：IQ解调原理 连载26：用复数运算实现正交解调 连载27：为什么要对信号进行调制？ 连载28：IQ调制为什么被称为正交调制？ 连载29：三角函数的正交性 连载30：OFDM正交频分复用 连载31：OFDM解调 连载32：CDMA中的正交码 连载33：CDMA的最基本原理 连载34：什么是PSK调制？ 连载35：如何用IQ调制实现QPSK调制？ 连载36：QPSK调制信号的时域波形连载37：QPSK调制的星座图 连载38：QPSK的映射关系可以随意定吗？连载39：如何使用IQ调制实现8PSK？

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专业应试题库 一，专业词汇翻译 A spherical system of coordinates 球坐标系Absolute scale绝对温标 Absolute temperature 绝对温度 Absolute zero 绝对零度 Acute angle锐角 Adiabatic process绝热过程 Adjacent邻近的 Amount of heat 热量 Amplitude振幅 Analytical expression解析式 Angular momentum角动量 Angular velocity角速度 Annihilate湮灭 Appreciable相当多的 Approximate solution近似解 Arbitrarily任意的变换莫测的 Assume that 假设 At constant pressure定压 At rest静止的， Axial symmetry轴对称 Axis of rotation转轴 Be independent of 独立的， Be proportional to 与……成正比 Bend使弯曲的 Capacitor电容器 Center of mass质心 Centripetal force向心力 Cgs厘米-克-秒制（Centimeter-Gram-Second） Change in jumps 突变 Chaotic无序的 Charge by conduct 接触起电 Charge by induction 感应起电 Circulation motion圆周运动 Classical mechanics经典力学 Coefficient系数 Coherent相干性 Combustion engine内燃机 Comparison 参照物 Compensate 补偿，抵消 Conductor导体 Consecutive 连贯的 Consequently结果，因此 Conservation守恒 Considerable 相当大的

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Main Points Chapter 1 Communication: Mass and Other Forms 1.The 8 elements in the communication process: A source, encoding process, message, channel, decoding process, receiver, feedback, and noise. 2.The 3 types of noise:Semantic, environmental, mechanical. 3.The 3 main settings for communication: Interpersonal, machine-assisted interpersonal, mass communication. 4.Each element in the communication process may vary according to setting. 5.Mass Communication: Refers to the process by which a complex organization, with the aid of one or more machines, produces public messages that are aimed at large, heterogeneous, and scattered audiences. 6.Characteristics for a mass communicator: Traditionally, it is identified by its formal organization, gatekeepers, expensive operating costs, profit motive, and competitiveness. The internet has created exceptions to these characteristics. 7.New models have been developed to illustrated Internet mass communication. A.Push Model—the traditional model of mass communication was a ―one-to-m any‖ model. Under the traditional model there is little direct interaction between sources and receivers. B.Pull Model –the new model makes it possible that several different levels of communication happen in a computer-mediated environment. The content is provided not only by organizations but also by individuals. It is not a one-way model. Instead, receivers can choose the time and manner of the interaction. The messages flowing to each receiver are not identical. In this new model, the receiver pulls only the information that he or she wants. https://www.wendangku.net/doc/114033111.html,munication content has become more specialized in the past 40 years, but the channels of mass communication still have the potential to reach vast audiences. 9.7 trends for modern mass communication: Audience segmentation, convergence, user-generated content, increased audience control, multiple platform, more mobility, social media. 1 / 24