Breakthrough Designs for Ultra-Low-Cost Products

The big residual is always value for money. All the time we are trying to get value for money. What we don't look for is value for many, while we are generating value for money. Do we care about those four billion people whose income levels are less than two dollars a day, the so-called bottom of the pyramid What are the challenges in getting value for money as well as value for many We have described here in terms of the performance and the price. If you have money, of course, you can get the value. You can a Mercedes for a very high price, very high performance. But if you don't have money, what happens Well, you are to ride a bicycle, carrying your own weight and also some other weight, so that you can earn the bread for the day. Well, poor do not remain poor; they become lower-middle-class. And if they do so, then, of course, the conditions improve, and they start riding on scooters. But the challenge is, again, they don't get much value, because they can't afford anything more than the scooter. The issue is, at that price, can you give them some extra value A super value, in terms of their ability to ride in a car, to get that dignity, to get that safety, looks practically impossible, isn't it.

Now, this is something that we see on Indian streets all the time. But many people see the same thing and think things differently, and one of them is here, Ratan Tata. The great thing about our leaders is that, should they not only have passion in their belly, which practically all of them have, they're also very innovative. An innovator is one who does not know it cannot be done. They believe that things can be done. But great leaders like Ratan have compassion. And what you said, Lakshmi, is absolutely true it's not just Ratan Tata, it's the house of Tatas over time. Let me confirm what she said. Yes, I went barefoot until I was 12. I struggled to [unclear] day was a huge issue. And when I finished my SSC, the eleventh standard, I stood eleventh among 125,000 students. But I was about to leave the school, because my poor mother couldn't afford schooling. And it was [unclear] Tata Trust, which gave me six rupees per month, almost a dollar per month for six years. That's how I'm standing before you. So that is the House of Tata. (Applause) Innovation, compassion and passion. They combine all that.

And it was that compassion which bothered them, because when he saw - in fact, he told me about eight or nine years ago how he was driving his own car - he drives his own car by the way - and he saw in the rain, a family like the one that I showed to you getting drenched with an infant. And then he said, Well, I must give them a car that they can afford, one lakh car, $2,000 car. Of course, as soon as you say something like this people say it is impossible, and that's what was said by Suzuki. He said, oh, probably he is going to build a three-wheeler with stepney. And you can see the cartoon here. Well they didn't build that. They built a proper car. Nano. And mind you, I'm six feet half an inch, Ratan is taller than me, and we have ample space in the front and ample space in the back in this particular car. And incredible car. And of course, nothing succeeds like success; the cynics then turned around, and one after the other they also started saying, Yes, we also want to make a car in the Nano Segment. We'll manufacture a car in the Nano Segment.

How did this great story unfold, the making of Nano Let me tell you a bit about it. For example, how we started Ratan just began with a five-engineer team, young people in their mid-twenties. And he said, Well, I won't define the vehicle for you, but I will define the cost for you. It is one lakh, 100,000 rupees, and you are to make it within that. And he told them, Question the unquestionable. Stretch the envelope. And at a point in time, he got so engrossed in the whole challenge, that he himself became a member of the team. Can you believe it I still am told about this story of that single wiper design in which he participated. Until midnight, he'd be thinking. Early morning he'll be coming back with sort of solutions. But who was the team leader The team leader was Girish Wagh, a 34 year-old boy in Pura. And the Nano team average age was just 27 years.

And they did innovation in design and beyond. Broke many norms of the standard conventions for the first time. For example, that a two-cylinder gas engine was used in a car with a single balancer shaft. Adhesives were replacing the rivets. There was a co-creation, a huge co-creation, with vendors and suppliers. All ideas

on board were welcome. 100 vendors were co-located adjacent to the plant, and innovative business models for automobile dealerships were developed. Imagine that a fellow who sells cloth, for example, will be selling Nano. I mean, it was incredible innovation. Seeking solutions for non-auto sectors. It was an open innovation, ideas from all over were welcome. The mechanism of helicopters seats and windows was used, by the way, as well as a dashboard that was inspired by two-wheelers. The fuel lines and lamps were as in two-wheelers.

And the crux of the matter was, however, getting more from less. All the time, you have been given an envelope. You can't cross that envelope, which is 100,000 rupees, 2,000 dollars. And therefore, each component had to have a dual functionality. And the seat riser, for example, serving as a mounting for the seat as well as a structural part of the functional rigidity. Half the number of parts are contained in Nano in comparison to a typical passenger car. The length is smaller by eight percent by the way. But the current entry-level cars in comparison to that is eight percent less, but 21 percent more inside space.

And what happened was that - more from less - you can see how much more for how much less. When the Model T was launched - and this is, by the way, all the figures that are adjusted to 2007 dollar prices - Model T was 19,700 by Ford. Volkswagon was 11,333. And British Motor was around 11,000. And Nano was, bang, $2,000. This is why you started actually a new paradigm shift, where the same people who could not dream of sitting in a car, who were carrying their entire family in a scooter, started dreaming of being in a car. And those dreams are getting fulfilled. This is a photograph of a house and a driver and a car near my own home. The driver's name is Naran. He has bought his own Nano. And you can see, there is a physical space that has been created for him, parking that car, along with the owner's car, but more importantly, they've created a space in their mind that Yes, my chauffeur is going to come in his own car and park it. And that's why I call it a transformational innovation. It is not just technological, it is social innovation that we talk about.

And that is where, ladies and gentlemen, this famous theme of getting more from less for more becomes important. I remember talking about this for the first time in Australia, about one and a half years ago, when their academy honored me with a fellowship. And unbelievably, in 40 years, I was the first Indian to be honored. And the title of my talk was therefore Indian innovation from Gandhi to Gandhian engineering. And I titled this more from less for more and more people as Gandhian engineering. And Gandhian engineering, in my judgment, is the one which is going to take the world forward, is going to make a difference, not just for a few, but for everyone. Let me move from mobility in a car to individual mobility for those unfortunates who have lost their legs. Here is an American citizen and his son having an artificial foot. What is its price $20,000. And of course, these feet are so designed that they can walk only on such perfect pavement or roads.

Unfortunately, that's not the case in India. You can see him walk barefoot on an awkward land, sometimes in a marshy land, and so on and so forth. More importantly, they not only walk far to work, and not only do they cycle to work, but they cycle for work, as you can see here. And they climb up for their work. You have to design an artificial foot for such conditions. A challenge, of course. Four billion people, their incomes are less then two dollars a day. And if you talk about a 20,000-dollar shoe, you're talking about 10,000 days of income. You just don't have it. And therefore, you ought to look at alternatives.

And that is how Jaipur Foot was created in India. It had a revolutionary prosthetic fitment and delivery system, a quick molding and modular components, enabling custom-made, on-the-spot limb fitments. You could feel it actually in an hour, by the way, whereas the equivalent other feet took something like a day, as so on. Outer socket made by using heated high-density polyethylene pipes, rather than using heated sheets. And unique high-ankle design and human-like looks, [unclear] and functions. And I like to show how it looks

and how it works. (Music) See, he jumps. You can see what stress it must have.

(Text ... any person with a below the knee limb could do this. ... above the limb, yes, it would be difficult ... Did it hurt No ... not at all. ... he can run a kilometer in four minutes and 30 seconds ...)

One kilometer in four minutes and 30 seconds. (Applause) So that's what it is all about. And therefore Time took notice of this 28-dollar foot, basically. (Applause) An incredible story.

Let's move on to something else. I've been talking about getting more from less for more. Let's move to health. We've talked about mobility and the rest of it, let's talk about health. What's happening in the area of health You know, you have new diseases that require new drugs. And if you look at the drug development 10 years ago and now, what has happened 10 years ago, it used to cost about a quarter billion. Today it costs 1.5 billion dollars. Time taken for moving a molecule to marketplace, after all the human and animal testing, was 10 years, now it is 15 years. Are you getting more drugs because you are spending more time and more money No, I'm sorry. We used to have 40, now they have come down to 30. So actually we are getting less from more for less and less people. Why less and less people Because it is so expensive, so very few will be able to basically afford that.

Let us just take an example. Psoriasis is very dreadful disease of the skin. The cost of treatment, $20,000. 1,000-dollar antibody injections under the skin, by the way, and 20 of them. Time for development - it took around 10 years and 700 million dollars. Let's start in the spirit of more from less and more for more and start putting some targets. For example, we don't want $20,000; we don't have it. Can we do it [for] $100 Time for development, not 10 years. We are in a hurry. Five years. Cost of development - $300 million dollars. Sorry. I can't spend more than 10 million dollars. Looks absolutely audacious. Looks absolutely ridiculous.

You know something This has been achieved in India. These targets have been achieved in India. And how they have been achieved ... Sir Francis Bacon once said, When you wish to achieve results that have not been achieved before, it is an unwise fancy to think that they can be achieved by using methods that have been used before. And therefore, the standard process, where you develop a molecule, put it into mice, into men, are not yielding those results - the billions of dollars that have been spent. The Indian cleverness was using its traditional knowledge, however, scientifically validating it and making that journey from men to mice to men, not molecule to mice to men, you know. And that is how this difference has come. And you can see this blending of traditional medicine, modern medicine, modern science. I launched a big program [unclear] CSIR about nine years ago. He is giving us not just for Psoriasis, for cancer and a whole range of things, changing the whole paradigm. And you can see this Indian Psoriasis breakthrough obtained by this reverse form of [unclear] by doing things differently. You can see before treatment and after treatment. This is really getting more from less for more and more people, because these are all affordable treatments now.

Let me just remind you of what Mahatma Gandhi had said. He had said, Earth provides enough to satisfy every man's need, but not every man's greed. So the message he was giving us was you must get more from less and less and less so that you can share it for more and more people, not only the current generation, but the future generations. And he also said, I would prize every invention of science made for the benefit for all. So he was giving you the message that you must have it for more and more people, not just a few people. And therefore, ladies and gentlemen, this is the theme, getting more from less for more. And mind you, it is not getting just a little more for just a little less. It's not about low cost. It's about ultra-low cost. You cannot say it's a mere treatment $10,000, but because you are poor I'll give it for 9,000. Sorry, it doesn't work. You have to give it for $100, $200. Is it possible I has been made possible, by the way, for certain other different reasons. So you are not talking about low cost, you are talking about ultra-low cost. You are not talking about affordability, you are talking about extreme affordability. Because of the four billion people whose income is under two dollars a day. You're not talking exclusive innovation. You're

talking about inclusive innovation. And therefore, you're not talking about incremental innovation, you're talking about disruptive innovation. The ideas have to be such that you think in completely different terms. And I would also add, it is not only getting more from less for more by more and more people, the whole world working for it.

I was very touched when I saw a breakthrough the other day. You know, incubators for infants, for example. They're not available in Africa. They're not available in Indian villages. And infants die. And incubator costs $2,000. And there's a 25-dollar incubator giving that performance that had been created. And by whom By young students from Standford University on an extreme affordability project that they had, basically. Their heart is in the right place, like Ratan Tata. It's not just innovation, compassion and passion - compassion in the heart and passion in the belly. That's the new world that we want to create. And that is why the message is that of Gandhian engineering.

Ladies and gentlemen, I'd like to end before time. I was also afraid of those 18 minutes. I've still one and a half to go. The message, the final message, is this India gave a great gift to the world. What was that [In the] 20th century, we gave Gandhi to the world. The 21st century gift, which is very, very important for the whole world, whether it is global economic meltdown, whether it is climate change - any problem that you talk about is gaining more from less for more and more - not only the current generations, for the future generations. And that can come only from Gandhian engineering. So ladies and gentlemen, I'm very happy to announce, this gift of the 21st century to the world from India, Gandhian engineering.

(Applause)

Lakshmi Pratury Thank you, Dr. Mashelkar. (R.A. Mashelkar Thank you very much.)

LP A quick question for you. Now, when you were a young boy in this school, what were your thoughts, like what did you think you could become What do you think that drove you Was there a vision you had What is it that drove you

RAM I'll tell you a story that drove me, that transformed my life. I remember, I went to a poor school, because my mother could not gather the 21 rupees, that half a dollar that was required within the stipulated time. It was [unclear] high school. But it was a poor school with rich teachers, honestly. And one of them was [unclear] who taught us physics. One day he took us out into the sun and tried to show us how to find the focal length of a convex lens. The lens was here. The piece of paper was there. He moved it up and down. And there was a bright spot up there. And then he said, This is the focal length. But then he held it for a little while, Lakshmi. And then the paper burned. When the paper burned, for some reason he turned to me, and he said, Mashelkar, like this, if you do not diffuse your energies, if you focus your energies, you can achieve anything in the world. That gave me a great message focus and you can achieve. I said, Whoa, science is so wonderful, I have to become a scientist. But more importantly, focus and you can achieve. And that message, very frankly, is valuable for society today.

What does that focal length do It has parallel lines, which are sun rays. And the property of parallel lines is that they never meet. What does that convex lens do It makes them meet. This is convex lens leadership. You know what today's leadership is doing Concave length. They divide them farther. So I learned the lesson of convex lens leadership from that. And when I was at National Chemical Laboratory [unclear]. When I was at Council of Scientific Industry Research - 40 laboratories - when two laboratories were not talking to each other, I would [unclear]. And currently I'm president of Global Research Alliance, 60,000 scientists in nine counties, right from India to the U.S. I'm trying to build a global team, which will look at the global grand challenges that the world is facing. That was the lesson. That was the inspirational moment.

LP Thank you very much. (RAM Thank you.) (Applause)

初中英语介词用法总结

初中英语介词用法总结 介词(preposition)：也叫前置词。在英语里，它的搭配能力最强。但不能单独做句子成分需要和名词或代词（或相当于名词的其他词类、短语及从句）构成介词短语，才能在句中充当成分。 介词是一种虚词，不能独立充当句子成分，需与动词、形容词和名词搭配，才能在句子中充当成分。介词是用于名词或代词之前，表示词与词之间关系的词类，介词常与动词、形容词和名词搭配表示不同意义。介词短语中介词后接名词、代词或可以替代名词的词（如：动名词v-ing）.介词后的代词永远为宾格形式。介词的种类： （1）简单介词：about, across, after, against, among, around, at, before, behind, below, beside, but, by, down, during, for, from, in, of, on, over, near, round, since, to, under, up, with等等。 （2）合成介词：inside, into, outside, throughout, upon, without, within （3）短语介词：according to, along with, apart from, because of, in front of, in spite of, instead of, owing to, up to, with reguard to （4）分词介词：considering, reguarding, including, concerning 介词短语：构成 介词+名词We go to school from Monday to Saturday. 介词+代词Could you look for it instead of me? 介词+动名词He insisted on staying home. 介词+连接代/副词I was thinking of how we could get there. 介词+不定式/从句He gives us some advice on how to finish it. 介词的用法： 一、介词to的常见用法 1.动词+to a)动词+ to adjust to适应, attend to处理；照料, agree to赞同,

超全的英语介词用法归纳总结

超全的英语介词用法归纳总结常用介词基本用法辨析 表示方位的介词：in, to, on 1. in 表示在某地范围之内。 Shanghai is/lies in the east of China. 上海在中国的东部。 2. to 表示在某地范围之外。 Japan is/lies to the east of China. 日本位于中国的东面。 3. on 表示与某地相邻或接壤。 Mongolia is/lies on the north of China. 蒙古国位于中国北边。 表示计量的介词：at, for, by 1. at 表示“以……速度”“以……价格”。 It flies at about 900 kilometers an hour. 它以每小时900公里的速度飞行。 I sold my car at a high price. 我以高价出售了我的汽车。 2. for 表示“用……交换，以……为代价”。 He sold his car for 500 dollars. 他以五百元把车卖了。 注意：at表示单价(price) ，for表示总钱数。

3. by 表示“以……计”，后跟度量单位。 They paid him by the month. 他们按月给他计酬。 Here eggs are sold by weight. 在这里鸡蛋是按重量卖的。 表示材料的介词：of, from, in 1. of 成品仍可看出原料。 This box is made of paper. 这个盒子是纸做的。 2. from 成品已看不出原料。 Wine is made from grapes. 葡萄酒是葡萄酿成的。 3. in 表示用某种材料或语言。 Please fill in the form in pencil first. 请先用铅笔填写这个表格。They talk in English. 他们用英语交谈。 表示工具或手段的介词：by, with, on 1. by 用某种方式，多用于交通。 I went there by bus. 我坐公共汽车去那儿。 2. with表示“用某种工具”。 He broke the window with a stone. 他用石头把玻璃砸坏了。注意：with表示用某种工具时，必须用冠词或物主代词。

lovestory歌词中英文对照

We were both young when I first saw you 当我第一次看见你的时候，我们都还年轻 I close my eyes and the flashback starts 我闭上眼睛，一幕幕往事又在脑海中重现 I'm standing there on a balcony in summer air 我站在阳台上，空气里，浓浓的，是夏天的味道 See the lights, see the party, the ball gowns 看见灯火，看见热闹的舞会，华丽的盛装 See you make your way through the crowd 看见你穿越人群向我走来 And say hello 对我说“hello” little did I know 我却一无所知 That you were Romeo 当时我并不知道你是我的罗密欧 You were throwing pebbles 在你抛砖引玉向我示爱之后 And my daddy said “stay away from Juliet .” 我爸爸气急败坏地叫你离我远一点 And I was crying on the staircase 我却蜷坐在楼梯间里偷偷地抹眼泪 Begging you “please don't go ” 祈求你不要离开 And I said 我说 Romeo, take me somewhere we can be alone 罗密欧，带我走吧，一起去到一个我们可以相依相偎的地方I'll be waiting, all there's left to do is run 我一直在等待（这一天），只有逃离才能让我们摆脱束缚You'll be the prince and I'll be the princess （到那时）我们就可以像王子和公主一样（快乐地在一起）It's a love story, baby, just say yes 这是多么美好的爱情故事呀，亲爱的，对吧 So I sneak out to the garden to see you 于是，我偷偷摸摸地溜到小花园去见你 We keep quiet 'cause we're dead if they knew 我们压抑着声息，被他们发现我们就死定了 So close your eyes 那么，闭上你的双眼 Escape this town for a little while 逃避这个喧嚣的尘世，即使只有如此短暂的一刻 Oh, oh, oh Cause you were Romeo, 正因为你的出现 I was a scarlet letter 我的生命才有了如此鲜艳的光彩 And my daddy said “stay away from Juliet ” 我爸爸气急败坏地叫你离我远一点 But you were everything to me

(完整版)介词for用法归纳

介词for用法归纳 用法1：(表目的)为了。如： They went out for a walk. 他们出去散步了。 What did you do that for? 你干吗这样做？ That’s what we’re here for. 这正是我们来的目的。 What’s she gone for this time? 她这次去干什么去了？ He was waiting for the bus. 他在等公共汽车。 【用法说明】在通常情况下，英语不用for doing sth 来表示目的。如： 他去那儿看他叔叔。 误：He went there for seeing his uncle. 正：He went there to see his uncle. 但是，若一个动名词已名词化，则可与for 连用表目的。如： He went there for swimming. 他去那儿游泳。(swimming 已名词化) 注意：若不是表目的，而是表原因、用途等，则其后可接动名词。(见下面的有关用法) 用法2：(表利益)为，为了。如： What can I do for you? 你想要我什么？ We study hard for our motherland. 我们为祖国努力学习。 Would you please carry this for me? 请你替我提这个东西好吗？ Do more exercise for the good of your health. 为了健康你要多运动。 【用法说明】(1) 有些后接双宾语的动词(如buy, choose, cook, fetch, find, get, order, prepare, sing, spare 等)，当双宾语易位时，通常用for 来引出间接宾语，表示间接宾语为受益者。如： She made her daughter a dress. / She made a dress for her daughter. 她为她女儿做了件连衣裙。 He cooked us some potatoes. / He cooked some potatoes for us. 他为我们煮了些土豆。 注意，类似下面这样的句子必须用for： He bought a new chair for the office. 他为办公室买了张新办公椅。 (2) 注意不要按汉语字面意思，在一些及物动词后误加介词for： 他们决定在电视上为他们的新产品打广告。 误：They decided to advertise for their new product on TV. 正：They decided to advertise their new product on TV. 注：advertise 可用作及物或不及物动词，但含义不同：advertise sth＝为卖出某物而打广告；advertise for sth＝为寻找某物而打广告。如：advertise for a job=登广告求职。由于受汉语“为”的影响，而此处误加了介词for。类似地，汉语中的“为人民服务”，说成英语是serve the people，而不是serve for the people，“为某人的死报仇”，说成英语是avenge sb’s death，而不是avenge for sb’s death，等等。用法3：(表用途)用于，用来。如： Knives are used for cutting things. 小刀是用来切东西的。 This knife is for cutting bread. 这把小刀是用于切面包的。 It’s a machine for slicing bread. 这是切面包的机器。 The doctor gave her some medicine for her cold. 医生给了她一些感冒药。 用法4：为得到，为拿到，为取得。如： He went home for his book. 他回家拿书。 He went to his friend for advice. 他去向朋友请教。 She often asked her parents for money. 她经常向父母要钱。

(完整版)SeasonsintheSun_中文歌词翻译_中英对照

Seasons in the Sun_中文歌词翻译_中英对照 goodbye to you my trusted friend.再见了,我忠实的朋友. we're known each other we're 9 or 10.我们从孩提时就已相识相知. together we've climb hills trees.我们一起爬山上树. learned of love abc.一起学习. skinned our hearts skinned our knees.我们心意相通,情如手足. goodbye my friend it's hard to die.再见了，朋友们,我本不愿离去. when all the birds are singing in the sky.当所有的鸟儿在天空歌唱. now the spring is in the air.空气中弥漫着春天的气息. pretty girls are everywhere.到处是漂亮女孩. think of me and i'll be there.想我,我便与你同在. we had joy,we had fun.我们曾如此快乐. we had seasons in the sun.也曾充满阳光. but the hills that we climbed were just seasons out of time.那些日子已然逝去. goodbye papa please pray for me.再见了爸爸,请为我祈祷. i was the black sheep of the family.我是家里的害群之马. u tried 2 teach me right from wrong.你费尽心思教我明辨是非. too much wine too much song.我却沉醉于歌酒狂欢. wonder how i got along.真不知那些日子是如何度过. goodbye papa is hard 2 die.再见了爸爸,我本不愿离去. when all the birds are singing in the sky.当所有的鸟儿在天空歌唱. now the spring in the air.空气中弥漫着春天的气息. little children everywhere.孩子们到处嬉戏. when u see them i'll be there.当你看见他们,我便会与你同在. we had joy,we had fun.我们曾如此快乐. we had seasons in the sun.也曾有阳光季节. but the wild the song.但昔日的歌酒狂欢. like the season has all gone.犹如季节更迭已消逝. we had joy,we had fun.我们曾如此快乐. we had seasons in the sun.也曾有阳光季节. but the wild the song.但昔日的歌酒狂欢. like the season has all gone.犹如季节更迭已消逝. goodbye michelle my little one.再见了蜜雪儿,我的贝比. u gave me love help me find the sun.你给我爱,给我希望. and every time that i was down.当我意志消沉时.

【备战高考】英语介词用法总结(完整)

【备战高考】英语介词用法总结(完整) 一、单项选择介词 1． passion, people won't have the motivation or the joy necessary for creative thinking. A．For . B．Without C．Beneath D．By 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查介词辨析。句意：没有激情，人们就不会有创新思维所必须的动机和快乐。A. For 对于；B. Without没有； C. Beneath在……下面 ; D. By通过。没有激情，人们就不会有创新思维所必须的动机和快乐。所以空处填介词without。故填without。 2．Modern zoos should shoulder more social responsibility _______ social progress and awareness of the public. A．in light of B．in favor of C．in honor of D．in praise of 【答案】A 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】 考查介词短语。句意：现代的动物园应该根据社会的进步和公众的意识来承担更多的社会责任。A. in light of根据，鉴于；B. in favor of有利于，支持；C. in honor of 为了纪念；D. in praise of歌颂，为赞扬。此处表示根据，故选A。 3．If we surround ourselves with people _____our major purpose, we can get their support and encouragement. A．in sympathy with B．in terms of C．in honour of D．in contrast with 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：如果我们周围都是认同我们主要前进目标的人，我们就能得到他们的支持和鼓励。A. in sympathy with赞成；B. in terms of 依据；C. in honour of为纪念； D. in contrast with与…形成对比。由“we can get their support and encouragement”可知，in sym pathy with“赞成”符合句意。故选A项。 4．Elizabeth has already achieved success_____her wildest dreams. A．at B．beyond C．within D．upon

英语介词for的用法归纳总结.doc

英语介词for的用法归纳总结用法1：(介词for表目的)为了 They went out for a walk. 他们出去散步了。 What did you do that for? 你干吗这样做? That s what we re here for. 这正是我们来的目的。 What s she gone for this time? 她这次去干什么去了? He was waiting for the bus. 他在等公共汽车。 【用法说明】在通常情况下，英语不用for doing sth 来表示目的 他去那儿看他叔叔。 误：He went there for seeing his uncle. 正：He went there to see his uncle. 但是，若一个动名词已名词化，则可与for 连用表目的 He went there for swimming. 他去那儿游泳。(swimming 已名词化) 注意：若不是表目的，而是表原因、用途等，则其后可接动名词。(见下面的有关用法) 用法2：(介词for表利益)为，为了 What can I do for you? 你想要我什么? We study hard for our motherland. 我们为祖国努力学习。 Would you please carry this for me? 请你替我提这个东西好吗?

Do more exercise for the good of your health. 为了健康你要多运动。 【用法说明】(1) 有些后接双宾语的动词(如buy, choose, cook, fetch, find, get, order, prepare, sing, spare 等)，当双宾语易位时，通常用for 来引出间接宾语，表示间接宾语为受益者 She made her daughter a dress. / She made a dress for her daughter. 她为她女儿做了件连衣裙。 He cooked us some potatoes. / He cooked some potatoes for us. 他为我们煮了些土豆。 注意，类似下面这样的句子必须用for： He bought a new chair for the office. 他为办公室买了张新办公椅。 (2) 注意不要按汉语字面意思，在一些及物动词后误加介词for： 他们决定在电视上为他们的新产品打广告。 误：They decided to advertise for their new product on TV. 正：They decided to advertise their new product on TV. 注：advertise 可用作及物或不及物动词，但含义不同：advertise sth=为卖出某物而打广告;advertise for sth=为寻找某物而打广告advertise for a job=登广告求职。由于受汉语为的影响，而此处误加了介词for。类似地，汉语中的为人民服务，说成英语是serve the people，而不是serve for the people，为某人的死报仇，说成英语是avenge sb s death，而不是avenge for sb s death，等等。 用法3：(介词for表用途)用于，用来 Knives are used for cutting things. 小刀是用来切东西的。

介词for用法完全归纳

用法1：(表目的)为了。如： They went out for a walk. 他们出去散步了。 What did you do that for? 你干吗这样做? That’s what we’re here for. 这正是我们来的目的。 What’s she gone for this time? 她这次去干什么去了? He was waiting for the bus. 他在等公共汽车。 【用法说明】在通常情况下，英语不用for doing sth 来表示目的。如：他去那儿看他叔叔。 误：He went there for seeing his uncle. 正：He went there to see his uncle. 但是，若一个动名词已名词化，则可与for 连用表目的。如： He went there for swimming. 他去那儿游泳。(swimming 已名词化) 注意：若不是表目的，而是表原因、用途等，则其后可接动名词。(见下面的有关用法) 用法2：(表利益)为，为了。如： What can I do for you? 你想要我什么? We study hard for our motherland. 我们为祖国努力学习。 Would you please carry this for me? 请你替我提这个东西好吗? Do more exercise for the good of your health. 为了健康你要多运动。 【用法说明】(1) 有些后接双宾语的动词(如buy, choose, cook, fetch, find, get, order, prepare, sing, spare 等)，当双宾语易位时，通常用for 来引出间接宾语，表示间接宾语为受益者。如：

seasonsinthesun_中文歌词翻译_中英对照

Seasons?in?the?Sun_中文歌词翻译_中英对照 goodbye to you my trusted friend.再见了,我忠实的朋友. we're known each other we're 9 or 10.我们从孩提时就已相识相知. together we've climb hills trees.我们一起爬山上树. learned of love abc.一起学习. skinned our hearts skinned our knees.我们心意相通,情如手足. goodbye my friend it's hard to die.再见了，朋友们,我本不愿离去. when all the birds are singing in the sky.当所有的鸟儿在天空歌唱. now the spring is in the air.空气中弥漫着春天的气息. pretty girls are everywhere.到处是漂亮女孩. think of me and i'll be there.想我,我便与你同在. we had joy,we had fun.我们曾如此快乐. we had seasons in the sun.也曾充满阳光. but the hills that we climbed were just seasons out of time.那些日子已然逝去. goodbye papa please pray for me.再见了爸爸,请为我祈祷. i was the black sheep of the family.我是家里的害群之马. u tried 2 teach me right from wrong.你费尽心思教我明辨是非. too much wine too much song.我却沉醉于歌酒狂欢. wonder how i got along.真不知那些日子是如何度过. goodbye papa is hard 2 die.再见了爸爸,我本不愿离去. when all the birds are singing in the sky.当所有的鸟儿在天空歌唱. now the spring in the air.空气中弥漫着春天的气息. little children everywhere.孩子们到处嬉戏. when u see them i'll be there.当你看见他们,我便会与你同在. we had joy,we had fun.我们曾如此快乐. we had seasons in the sun.也曾有阳光季节. but the wild the song.但昔日的歌酒狂欢. like the season has all gone.犹如季节更迭已消逝. we had joy,we had fun.我们曾如此快乐. we had seasons in the sun.也曾有阳光季节. but the wild the song.但昔日的歌酒狂欢. like the season has all gone.犹如季节更迭已消逝. goodbye michelle my little one.再见了蜜雪儿,我的贝比. u gave me love help me find the sun.你给我爱,给我希望. and every time that i was down.当我意志消沉时.

for的用法完全归纳

for的用法完全归纳 用法1：(表目的)为了。如： They went out for a walk. 他们出去散步了。 What did you do that for? 你干吗这样做？ That’s what we’re here for. 这正是我们来的目的。 What’s she gone for this time? 她这次去干什么去了？ He was waiting for the bus. 他在等公共汽车。 在通常情况下，英语不用for doing sth 来表示目的。如：他去那儿看他叔叔。 误：He went there for seeing his uncle.正：He went there to see his uncle. 但是，若一个动名词已名词化，则可与for 连用表目的。如： He went there for swimming. 他去那儿游泳。(swimming 已名词化) 注意：若不是表目的，而是表原因、用途等，则其后可接动名词。 用法2：(表利益)为，为了。如： What can I do for you? 你想要我什么？ We study hard for our motherland. 我们为祖国努力学习。 Would you please carry this for me? 请你替我提这个东西好吗？ Do more exercise for the good of your health. 为了健康你要多运动。 (1)有些后接双宾语的动词(如buy, choose, cook, fetch, find, get, order, prepare, sing, spare 等)，当双宾语易位时，通 常用for 来引出间接宾语，表示间接宾语为受益者。如： She made her daughter a dress. / She made a dress for her daughter. 她为她女儿做了件连衣裙。 He cooked us some potatoes. / He cooked some potatoes for us. 他为我们煮了些土豆。 注意，类似下面这样的句子必须用for： He bought a new chair for the office. 他为办公室买了张新办公椅。 (2) 注意不要按汉语字面意思，在一些及物动词后误加介词for： 他们决定在电视上为他们的新产品打广告。 误：They decided to advertise for their new product on TV. 正：They decided to advertise their new product on TV. 注：advertise 可用作及物或不及物动词，但含义不同：advertise sth＝为卖出某物而打广告；advertise for sth＝为寻找某物而打广告。如：advertise for a job=登广告求职。由于受汉语“为”的影响，而此处误加了介词for。类似地，汉语中的“为人民服务”，说成英语是serve the people，而不是serve for the people，“为某人的死报仇”，说成英语是avenge sb’s death，而不是avenge for sb’s death，等等。 用法3：(表用途)用于，用来。如： Knives are used for cutting things. 小刀是用来切东西的。 This knife is for cutting bread. 这把小刀是用于切面包的。 It’s a machine for slicing bread. 这是切面包的机器。 The doctor gave her some medicine for her cold. 医生给了她一些感冒药。 用法4：为得到，为拿到，为取得。如： He went home for his book. 他回家拿书。 He went to his friend for advice. 他去向朋友请教。 She often asked her parents for money. 她经常向父母要钱。 We all hope for success. 我们都盼望成功。 Are you coming in for some tea? 你要不要进来喝点茶？ 用法5：给(某人)，供(某人)用。如： That’s for you. 这是给你的。 Here is a letter for you. 这是你的信。 Have you room for me there? 你那边能给我腾出点地方吗？ 用法6：(表原因、理由)因为，由于。如：

歌剧魅影全套歌词中英对照高级翻译超

Turn your face away 把你的脸转向这里 from the garish light of day Night-time sharpe ns 夜色渐浓 heighte ns each sen sati on 知觉萌动 Darkn ess stirs and wakes imag in ati on 冥冥黑暗引领想象出笼 Sile ntly the sen ses aba ndon their defe nces ... 寂静之中感觉幵始放纵 Slowly, gen tly ni ght un furls its sple ndour 夜晚显现魅力缓慢轻柔 Grasp it, sense it - tremulous and tender 抓住它感觉它 颤抖中带着温柔 tur n your thoughts away 把你的心转向这里 from cold, un feeli ng light 脱离那冰冷无情的光 and listen to the music of the night ... 尽情聆听这夜的乐章 Close your eyes and surre nder to your 闭上双眼尽情放纵 darkest dreams! 心灵深处的梦想 不要再看俗气的日光

you knew before! 全部主张! Close your eyes, 闭上双眼 let your spirit start to soar! 让你的灵魂去飞翔! And you'll live 你将拥有新的生活 as you've n ever lived before ... 在你从未生活过的地方 Softly, deftly 不知不觉中 music shall surro und you ... 音乐将你包容 Feel it, hear it, 去感受去聆听 clos ing in aro und you ... 让它进入你的心 Ope n up your mi nd 让你的思想翱翔 let your fan tasies unwind 为你的幻想松绑 in this dark ness which 在这黑暗之中 you know you cannot fight 你知道自己无力抵抗

介词for 的常见用法归纳

介词for 的常见用法归纳 贵州省黔东南州黎平县黎平一中英语组廖钟雁介词for 用法灵活并且搭配能力很强，是一个使用频率非常高的词，也是 高考必考的重要词汇，现将其常见用法归纳如下，供参考。 1.表时间、距离或数量等。 ①意为“在特定时间，定于，安排在约定时间”。如： The meeting is arranged for 9 o’clock. 会议安排在九点进行。 ②意为“持续达”，常于last、stay 、wait等持续性动词连用，表动作持续的时间，有时可以省略。如： He stayed for a long time. 他逗留了很久。 The meeting lasted （for）three hours. 会议持续了三小时。 ③意为“（距离或数量）计、达”。例如： He walked for two miles. 他走了两英里。 The shop sent me a bill for $100.商店给我送来了100美元的账单。 2. 表方向。意为“向、朝、开往、前往”。常与head、leave 、set off、start 等动词连用。如： Tomorrow Tom will leave for Beijing. 明天汤姆要去北京。 He put on his coat and headed for the door他穿上大衣向门口走去。 介词to也可表示方向，但往往与come、drive 、fly、get、go、lead、march、move、return、ride、travel、walk等动词连用。 3.表示理由或原因,意为“因为、由于”。常与thank、famous、reason 、sake 等词连用。如: Thank you for helping me with my English. 谢谢你帮我学习英语。 For several reasons, I’d rather not meet him. 由于种种原因，我宁可不见他。 The West Lake is famous for its beautiful scenery.西湖因美景而闻名。 4.表示目的,意为“为了、取、买”等。如: Let’s go for a walk. 我们出去散步吧。 I came here for my schoolbag.我来这儿取书包。 He plays the piano for pleasure. 他弹钢琴是为了消遣。 There is no need for anyone to know. 没必要让任何人知道。 5.表示动作的对象或接受者,意为“给、为、对于”。如: Let me pick it up for you. 让我为你捡起来。 Watching TV too much is bad for your health. 看电视太多有害于你的健康。 Here is a letter for you. 这儿有你的一封信。

see-you-again整理歌词中英文对照

see you again It's been a long day without you my friend 没有老友你的陪伴日子真是漫长 And I'll tell you all about it when I see you again 与你重逢之时我会敞开心扉倾诉所有 We've come a long way from where we began 回头凝望我们携手走过漫长的旅程 Oh I'll tell you all about it when I see you again 与你重逢之时我会敞开心扉倾诉所有 When I see you again 与你重逢之时 Damn who knew all the planes we flew 谁会了解我们经历过怎样的旅程 Good things we've been through 谁会了解我们见证过怎样的美好 That I'll be standing right here 我都会在这里 Talking to you about another path 与你聊聊另一种选择的可能 I know we loved to hit the road and laugh 我懂我们都喜欢速度与激情 But something told me that it wouldn't last 但有个声音告诉我这美好并不会永恒 Had to switch up look at things different see the bigger picture 如何才能改变观点用更宏观的视野看这世界 Those were the days hard work forever pays 有付出的日子终有收获的时节 Now I see you in a better place 此刻我看到你走进更加美好的未来 Now I see you in a better place 此刻我看到你走进更加美好的未来 How could we not talk about family when family's all that we got?当家人已是我们唯一的牵绊时我们怎么能忘却最可贵的亲情Everything I went through you were standing there by my side 无论历经怎样的艰难坎坷总有你相伴陪我度过 And now you gonna be with me for the last ride 而今你将陪我走完这最后一段旅程 It's been a long day without you my friend 没有老友你的陪伴日子真是漫长 And I'll tell you all about it when I see you again 与你重逢之时我会敞开心扉倾诉所有 We've come a long way from where we began

英语介词的用法总结

介词的用法 1.表示地点位置的介词 1)at ,in, on, to，for at (1)表示在小地方; (2)表示“在……附近，旁边” in (1)表示在大地方; (2)表示“在…范围之内”。 on 表示毗邻，接壤，“在……上面”。 to 表示在……范围外，不强调是否接壤；或“到……” 2)above, over, on 在……上 above 指在……上方,不强调是否垂直，与below相对； over指垂直的上方,与under相对,但over与物体有一定的空间，不直接接触。 on表示某物体上面并与之接触。 The bird is flying above my head. There is a bridge over the river. He put his watch on the desk. 3)below, under 在……下面 under表示在…正下方 below表示在……下，不一定在正下方 There is a cat under the table. Please write your name below the line. 4)in front [frant]of, in the front of在……前面 in front of…意思是“在……前面”，指甲物在乙物之前，两者互不包括；其反义词是behind（在……的后面）。There are some flowers in front of the house.(房子前面有些花卉。) in the front of 意思是“在…..的前部”，即甲物在乙物的内部.反义词是at the back of…（在……范围内的后部）。 There is a blackboard in the front of our classroom. 我们的教室前边有一块黑板。 Our teacher stands in the front of the classroom. 我们的老师站在教室前.(老师在教室里) 5）beside，behind beside 表示在……旁边 behind 表示在……后面 2.表示时间的介词 1)in , on，at 在……时 in表示较长时间，如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月及一般（非特指）的早、中、晚等。 如in the 20th century, in the 1950s, in 1989, in summer, in January, in the morning, in one’s life , in one’s thirties等。 on表示具体某一天及其早、中、晚。 如on May 1st, on Monday, on New Year’s Day, on a cold night in January, on a fine morning, on Sunday afternoon等。 at表示某一时刻或较短暂的时间，或泛指圣诞节，复活节等。 如at 3:20, at this time of year, at the beginning of, at the end of …, at the age of …, at Christmas，at night, at noon, at this moment等。 注意：在last, next, this, that, some, every 等词之前一律不用介词。如：We meet every day. 2)in, after 在……之后 “in +段时间”表示将来的一段时间以后； “after+段时间”表示过去的一段时间以后； “after+将来的时间点”表示将来的某一时刻以后。 3)from, since 自从…… from仅说明什么时候开始，不说明某动作或情况持续多久；