Unit4语言点分析

Language Study

#Para 1

#Para 2

comprehend: v. to understand something that is complicated or difficult 理解、领会、明白e.g. The dream is easy to describe, difficult to comprehend.

I did not fully comprehend what had happened. 我还没有完全明白到底发生了什么事情

I could comprehend the feeling, and share both its strength and truth.

我可以理解这种感情，而且分享它的力量和真诚。

#Para 3

afford: vt.

1. can / could afford [usually negative] (to do) sth.

①to have enough money to buy or pay for something花费得起，承担得起

e.g. ?我无法独自承担房租。

I couldn't afford the rent on my own.

②to have enough time to do something 来得及

?我们不能再等了，否则就赶不上飞机了。

We can't afford to wait any longer or we'll miss the plane.

2. (formal) to provide something or allow sth. to happen 提供、给予

e.g. The room affords a beautiful view over the city.

?这次训练给了一个她提高网球技术的机会。

The training afforded her the chance / opportunity to improve her tennis skills.

?这项新的法规将为雇员们提供保护。

The new law will afford protection to employees.

#Para 4

turn sb. away phrasal verb

①to refuse to let someone enter a place or join an organization, for example because it is full不准.入内

e.g. Hard times are forcing community colleges to turn away students.

②to refuse to give someone sympathy, help, or support拒绝帮助

He’s my son after all, I can’t just turn him away when he is in trouble.

turn sb. / sth. down （para15）

1）They offered her the job but she turned it down. (拒绝机会/ 邀请等)

2）He asked Jane to marry him but she turned him down. (拒绝求婚)

3）She could not bear the relentless music and turned down the volume. (减少，降低)

#Para 5

#Para 6

assume: vt.

①to think that something is true, although you do not have definite proof假定；假设

e.g. We can safely assume (=it is almost certain) that interest rates will go up again soon.

We can't just assume her guilt. 我们不能想当然地认为她有罪。

We assumed him to be the best writer of our time.我们认为他是这个时代最好的作家。

It may be safely assumed that there is no animal life on Mars.

可以有把握地认为火星上是没有动物生命的。

I was mistakenly assumed to be a Welshman because of my surname.

由于我的姓的缘故,我被误认为是威尔士人。

②to start to have control, responsibility etc or to start in a particular position or job担任，承担，接受

It was still unclear last night, however, which party would assume control (取得控制权) of the House.

Jim Paton will assume the role of managing director.

③to behave in a way that does not show how you really feel, especially in order to seem more

confident, happy etc than you are装出

e.g. assume a manner / air / expression etc

Andy assumed an air of indifference whenever her name was mentioned.

#Para 7

#Para 8

#Para 9

#Para 10 work out:

①UN negotiators have worked out a set of compromise proposals.

(to plan 计划、设计)

②My mother allowed me to take the trip, but asked me to work out the total cost first.

(to calculate an answer, amount, price etc 计算)

③The plot is very complicated - it'll take you a while to work it out.

(to think about sth. and manage to understand it 弄懂)

④Things will work out, you'll see. 事情会有转机的，你等着看吧。

(to gradually get better or get solved 好转)

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#Para 12

do with:

①deal with (在疑问句中和what连用)

e.g. What shall we do with the children?

②tolerate忍受

e.g. I can’t do with him and his i mpoliteness. 我不能忍受他和他的无礼。

③(often with could, can) desire需要，想要

e.g. I could do with a cup of tea. 我来杯茶就行。

#Para 13

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#Para 15

capacity: n.

①someone's ability to do something（尤指接受能力，领悟性）

e.g. a child's capacity for learning

I don’t think it’s within a five-year-old boy’s capacity to spread computer viruses.

我认为一个五岁的男孩没有能力来传播电脑病毒。

②[Singular] the amount of space a container, room etc has to hold things or people容量

e.g. A cinema has the capacity of 500 seats.

a capacity crowd (=the largest number of people who can fit into a hall, theatre etc) at the concert 音乐会座无虚席

All the hotels were filled to capacity. (客满)

turn sb. / sth. down phrasal verb

①to turn the switch on a machine such as an oven, radio etc so that it produces less heat, sound etc

减弱，降低，压低（力量、声音等）

e.g. Can you turn the TV down? I'm trying to work.

②to refuse an offer, request, or invitation拒绝，不接受

I'm not going to turn down an invitation to go to New York!

Josie's already turned him down (=refused his offer of marriage).

#Para 16

instrument n.

n.

① a small tool used in work such as science or medicine （医疗、科学、音乐等）器械、工具、器具

e.g. surgical instruments / optical / musical instruments

brass / percussion / wind / stringed etc instruments 铜管乐器/ 打击乐器/ 管乐/ 弦乐Synonyms:

tool主要指修理用的工具gardening / mining tools

utensil 主要指厨房烹饪用具cooking / kitchen utensils

appliance通常指家用电器domestic / household appliances

equipment / device 设施、装置（通称）

②something or someone that is used to get a particular result 手段

e.g. Interest rates are an important instrument of economic policy.

Good management should be an instrument for innovation.

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#Para 18

for sale: available to be bought待售，出售

e.g. Not for Sale非卖品

Collocation:

on sale:

1) available to be bought in a shop出售

Stephen King's new novel will go on sale (=will begin to be sold) next week.

2) available to be bought at a lower price than usual减价

e.g. These gloves were on sale for only $9.

#Para 19

#Para 21

From then on, it was interesting to see that any discarded odds and ends around our place – a broken screen, a bit of hardware, boards from packing –Tony would gather and take home. (para21)

discard: vt. to get rid of something, throw away

e.g. discard old beliefs抛弃旧信念discard prejudices放弃偏见

Translation

从那以后，只要我家附近有什么被人丢弃的零星杂物，坏了的屏风，五金器具，包装纸板，托尼都要收起来拿回家，看他这个样子真有意思。

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#Para 22

#Para 24

#Para 26

abandon: vt. give up completely or forever放弃，抛弃

e.g. Fearing further attacks, most of the population abandoned the city.

由于害怕再次遭受袭击，大部分居民弃城而走。

Because of the fog they abandoned their idea of driving. 因为起雾，他们打消了驾车出去的念头。

Rescuers abandoned all hope of finding any more survivors.

营救人员放弃了找寻更多幸存者的一切希望。

They abandon themselves to drinking. 他们沉湎于饮酒。

property: n.

①[U] the thing or things that someone owns财产

e.g. That car is my property; you mustn't use it without my permission.

这辆车是我的财产,你必须得到我的允许才能使用。

The hotel is not responsible for any loss or damage to guests' personal property.

personal property = personal estate（除了土地和建筑物之外的）私人财产，动产

real property = real estate不动产，房地产

②[U] a building, a piece of land, or both together房地产

e.g. Property prices have shot up recently.

Several properties in this street are for sale.这条街上有几处房地产正在出售。

③[countable usually plural] a quality or power that a substance, plant etc has属性；性质

e.g. physical / chemical / medical etc properties

These plants have medicinal properties.这些植物具有药物效用。

Oil has the property of floating on water.油有浮在水上的特性。

Phrases:

assign〔transfer〕property to sb 把财产转让给某人buy〔sell〕properties 买〔卖〕房地产have〔possess, own〕a property 拥有一处房地产succeed to sb.'s property 继承某人的财产common〔exclusive, personal, private〕property 公共〔专有,个人,私有〕财产

landed property地产large〔small〕property 大〔小〕笔财产literary property 著作权,版权movable〔real〕property 动〔不动〕产family property 家产state property 国家财产

a piece of property 一项财产 a man with no property 无产者

CF: estate, fortune, property 这组词都有“财产”的意思。property指个人或团体合法获得的任何有价值的东西,也可指版权、专利权等无形的权益,有时也可指某物的效果; estate多指一大块私有土地及设置在这块土地上的房屋等物,有权遗传给后代子孙的地产,也可称为庄园或遗产; fortune指钱财,尤指大量的钱财。

e.g. He held a lot of real estate and transmitted it to his heirs. 他拥有很多不动产并把它传给他的继承人。

She won a fortune in a lottery. 她在抽奖中赢得了一大笔钱。

#Para 27

approach:

①v. to move towards or nearer to someone or sth. 接近

e.g. The temperature approaches 35oC.

By now the sky has begun to darken overhead, and night is fast approaching.

I don't think refusing to negotiate is the right way to approach this problem.

approach a problem / task / matter etc (= deal with)

②n. 靠近，通路，方法

e.g. The approach of winter brings cold weather.

All approaches were blocked.

He decided to adopt a different approach and teach the Bible through story-telling.

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#Para 29

check on sb. / sth.phrasal verb

①to make sure that someone or something is safe, is in a satisfactory state, or is doing what they

should be doing 检查，查访

e.g. Honey, can you go upstairs and check on the kids?

My neighbour comes in once a week to check on things and feed the fish.

②to try to find out if something is true or correct 核对

e.g. He wanted to check on the girl's story.

=============================================================================== #Para 30

He grew in stature in my mind. (para 30)

stature: [U]

①the degree to which someone is admired or regarded as important声望获得的状况；地位

e.g. At that time there were no other universities in England equal in stature to Oxford and Cambridge.

He grew in stature (=became more admired or popular) during the campaign.

②someone's height or size身高，身材

e.g. Bernard was short in stature, with a large head

be small in stature身材小

statuary: 雕像；塑像

e.g. There will be a display of bronze statuary in this museum next week.

下星期这个博物馆将举办一个青铜雕塑作品展览。

Translation

他的形象在我的心目中越来越高大。

principle: n.

① a moral rule or belief about what is right and wrong 原则

e.g. He'll do anything to make money. The man has no principles.

It's against my principles(违反原则) to accept gifts from clients.

②the basic idea that a plan or system is based on 原理

e.g. The general principle is that education should be available to all children up to the age of 16.

In principle(基本上), the new software should make the accounting system a lot simpler.

basic / fundamental / guiding principle 基本原理

#Para 32

Tony did not begin on the bottom rung of the ladder. He began in the basement. (para 32)

What does ladder refer to? And what does basement refer to?

Ladder refers to the way to success. Basement refers to Tony’s star ting point. He was worse than ordinary people. He had nothing to help him seek his American Dream.

What can you infer from the sentence?

Tony had nothing when he arrived in the United States and he built from nothing.

Translation

托尼不是从最低一级阶梯往上爬的，他是从地下室往上爬的。

But, after all, the balance sheets were exactly the same. The only difference was where you put the decimal point. (para32)

balance sheet: a statement of how much money a business has earned and how much money it has paid for goods and services资产负债表

What do balance sheets refer to? And what does decimal point refer to?

Balance sheets are used to show whether a person or a company is financially successful. Here they are use to judge a person’s life achievements. If the decimal point is moved, a number will become either smaller or bigger. Here it shows the difference in the amount of money Tony and the greatest industrialists had made.

What can you infer from the sentences?

What Tony and the greatest industrialists achieved was exactly the same. The only difference was that they had different financial success.

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