英美文学复习资料

英美文学

I. 本期讲过的所有名家名作

II．名词术语:

Ode

——in ancient literature, is an elaborate lyrical poem composed for a chorus to chant and to dance to; in modern use, it is a rhymed lyric expressing noble feelings, often addressed to a person or celebrating an event.

Alliteration

——It is a form of initial rhyme, or head rhyme.

It is the repetition of the same sound or sounds at the beginning of two or more words that are next to or close to each other.

e.g. He came on under the clouds, clearly saw at last

Rage-inflamed, wreckage-bent, be ripped open

Kenning

——a figurative language in order to add beauty to ordinary objects. It is a metaphor usually composed of two words, which becomes the formula for a special object.

e.g. Helmet bearer—— warrior

Swan road——the sea

The world candle—— the sun

Repetition &Variation

e.g. Grendel / The spoiler / warlike creature /

the foe / horrible monster

A host of young soldiers / a company of

Kinsmen / a whole warrior-band

Caesura

——every line consists of two clearly separated half lines between which is a pause, called caesura.

e.g. Grendel stalking; God’s brand was on him.

the gold-hall of men, the mead-drinking place

nailed with gold plates. That was not the first visit

Ballad

——is a form of verse, often a narrative set to music. Ballads were particularly characteristic of the popular poetry and song of the British Isles from the later medieval period until the 19th century and used extensively across Europe and later the Americas, Australia and North Africa. Many ballads were written and sold as single sheet broadsides. The form was often used by poets and composers from the 18th century onwards to produce lyrical ballads. In the later 19th century it took on the meaning of a slow form of popular love song and the term is now often used as synonymous with any love song, particularly the pop or rock power ballad.

Epic

——is a lengthy narrative poem, ordinarily concerning a serious subject containing details of heroic deeds and events significant to a culture or nation. The first epics are known as primary, or original, epics. One such epic is the Old English story Beowulf. Epics that attempt to imitate these like Milton’s Paradise Lost are known as literary, or secondary, epics.

?The six main characteristics:

1. The hero is outstanding. He might be important, and historically or legendarily significant.

2. The setting is large. It covers many nations, or the known world.

3. The action is made of deeds of great valor or requiring superhuman courage.

4. Supernatural forces—gods, angels, demons—insert themselves in the action.

5. It is written in a very special style.

6. The poet tries to remain objective.

Sonnet (Italian Sonnet, Shakespearean Sonnet, Spenserian Sonnet, Miltonic Sonnet)

①Italian sonnet

?created by Giacomo da Lentini, head of the Sicilian School.

?Petrarch (1304-1374) most famous early sonneteer

?It falls into two main parts:

?an octave rhyming “abbaabba” (set up a problem ) + volta

?followed by a sestet rhyming “cdecde” or some variant, such as “cdccdc” (answer)

②English / Shakespearean sonnet

?The greatest practitioner: William Shakespeare

?three quatrains followed by a couplet

?often presents a repetition-with-variation of a statement in each of the three quatrains ?The final couplet in the English sonnet usually imposes an epigrammatic turn at the end.

——a fourteen-line poem of iambic pentameters. This form is made up of 3 quatrains and a couplet, rhyming：ababcdcdefefgg

③Spenserian sonnet

?A variant on the English form is the Spenserian sonnet, named after Edmund Spenser

?three quatrains connected by the interlocking rhyme scheme and followed by a couplet ?the rhyme scheme is abab, bcbc, cdcd, ee

——has the rhyme scheme ababbcbccdcdee and no break between the octave (an eight line stanza) and the sestet( a six line stanza). It is named after the Elizabethan poet Edmund Spenser.

④Miltonic Sonnet

Conceit

——in literature, a conceit is an extended metaphor with a complex logic that governs a poetic passage or entire poem. By juxtaposing, usurping and manipulating images and ideas in surprising ways, a conceit invites the reader into a more sophisticated understanding of an object of comparison. Extended conceits in English are part of the poetic idiom of Mannerism, during the later sixteenth and early seventeenth century.

Simile

—is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements hav ing at least one quality or characteristic in common.Simile is almost always introduced by th e following words:like,as,as…as,as it were,as if,as though,be something of,similar to,etc.

Metaphor

—is a figure of speech where comparison is implied.It is also a comparison between two unlike elements with a similar quality.But unlike a simile,this comparison is implied,not expressed with the word"as"or"like".

Symbol

——In literary usage, a symbol is a specially evocative kind of image: that is, a word or phrase referring to a concrete object, scene, or action which also has some further significance associated with it.

?Types of Symbols

I. Universal or cultural symbols/traditional symbols

are those whose associations are the common property of a society or culture and are so widely recognized and accepted that they can be said to be almost universal.

e.g. water—life

Serpent—the Devil

Lamb—Jesus Christ

II. Contextual, Authorial, or Private symbols

are those whose associations are neither immediate nor traditional; instead, they derive their meaning, largely if not exclusively, from the context of the work in which they are used.

e.g. the albatross in Coleridge’s “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner”

Synecdoche

——a figure of speech in which a part is substituted for a whole or a whole for a part e.g. My baby woke for a bottle. [提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般.] Oxymoron

——is a figure of speech that juxtaposes elements that appear to be contradictory. Oxymora appear in a variety of contexts, including inadvertent errors (such as "ground pilot") and literary oxymorons crafted to reveal a paradox. The most common form of oxymoron involves an adjective–noun combination of two words. For example, the following line from Tennyson's Idylls of the King contains two oxymora: And faith unfaithful kept him falsely

e.g. painful pleasure a thunderous silence

Pun

——The pun, also called paronomasia, is a form of word play that suggests two or more meanings, by exploiting multiple meanings of words, or of similar-sounding words, for an intended humorous or rhetorical effect. Puns are used to create humor and sometimes require a large vocabulary to understand. Puns have long been used by comedy writers, such as William Shakespeare, Oscar Wilde, and George Carlin.

?Puns can be classified in various ways:

①The homophonic pun, a common type, uses word pairs which sound alike (homophones) but are not synonymous.

②A homographic pun exploits words which are spelled the same (homographs) but possess different meanings and sounds.

③Homonymic puns, another common type, arise from the exploitation of words which are both homographs and homophones.

④A compound pun is a statement that contains two or more puns.

⑤A recursive pun is one in which the second aspect of a pun relies on the understanding of an element in the first.

⑥Visual puns are used in many logos, emblems, insignia, and other graphic symbols, in which one or more of the pun aspects are replaced by a picture.

Personification

——a figure of speech which represents abstractions or inanimate objects with human qualities, including physical, emotional, and spiritual; the application of human attributes or abilities to nonhuman entities.

Exaggeration

Dramatic monologue

——a kind of poem in which the speaker is imagined to be addressing a silent audience

——in its broadest sense, is a rhetorical device,literary technique, or event characterized by an incongruity, or contrast, between what the expectations of a situation are and what is really the case.

——A subtly humorous perception of inconsistency, in which an apparently straightforward statement or event is undermined by its context so as to give it a very different significance.

Allusion

——is a figure of speech, in which one refers covertly or indirectly to an object or circumstance from an external context. It is left to the reader or hearer to make the connection; where the connection is detailed in depth by the author, it is preferable to call it "a reference". Literary allusion is closely related to parody and pastiche, which are also "text-linking" literary devices. A type of literature has grown round explorations of the allusions in such works as Alexander Pope's The Rape of the Lock or T. S. Eliot's The Waste Land. James Joyce

Romanticism

——Romanticism was an artistic, literary and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Europe. In part, it was a revolt against aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment and a reaction against the scientific rationalization of nature.It was embodied most strongly in the visual arts, music, and literature.

Modernism

——Modernism is a rather vague term which is used to apply to the works of a group of poets, novelists, painters, and musicians between 1910 and the early years after the World War II. The term includes various trends or schools, such as imagism, expressionism, dadaism, stream of consciousness, and existentialism. It means a departure from the conventional criteria or established values of the Victorian age.

?The basic themes of modernism:

1. Alienation and loneliness are the basic themes of modernism. In the eyes of modernist writers, the modern world is a chaotic one and is incomprehensible.

2. Although modern society is materially rich, it is spiritually barren. It is a land of spiritual and emotional sterility.

3. Human beings are helpless before an incomprehensible world and no longer able to do things their forefathers once did.

?The characteristics of modernism：

1. Complexity and obscurity: (juxtaposition, no limitation of space)

2. The use of symbols: (symbol: a means to express their inexpressible selves)

3. Allusion: (Allusion is an indirect reference to another work of literature, art, history, or religion.)

4. Irony: (an expression of one’s meaning by using words that mean the direct opposite of what one really intends to convey.)

Rhyme scheme

——the pattern in which the rhymed line-endings are arranged in a poem or stanza. Head rhyme: As busy as a bee

End rhyme

Crossed rhyme

Will ye bridle the deep sea with reins, will ye chasten the high sea with rods?

Will ye take her to chain her with chains, who is older than all ye Gods?

Internal rhyme:“Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary"

Iambic meter/ trochaic meter/anapestic meter

?Iamb is a metrical unit (foot) of verse

?about [?'ba?t] =?+'ba?t

?[?'ba?t]

?an unstressed syllable(?) +a stressed syllable(?)

?=one iambic foot/meter

?About about about about about

?=iambic pentameter

抑扬格(iambic):

如果一个音步中有两个音节，前者为轻，后者为重，则这种音步叫抑扬格音步，其专业术语是（iamb, iambic.）。轻读是“抑”，重读是“扬”，一轻一重，故称抑扬格。

英语中有大量的单词，其发音都是一轻一重，如adore, excite, above, around, appear, besides, attack, supply, believe, return等，所以用英语写诗，用抑扬格就很便利。也就是说，抑扬格很符合英语的发音规律。因此，在英文诗歌中用得最多的便是抑扬格，百分之九十的英文诗都是用抑扬格写成的。

Tetrameter / pentameter

Blank Verse: unrhymed lines of iambic

Blank verse is a very flexible English verse form which can attain rhetorical grandeur while echoing the natural rhythms of speech and allowing smooth enjambment (跨行连续). Couplet

——Couplet: The poem will be read as long as man lives and the beloved will live on. Rhyme royal

——is a rhyming stanza form that was introduced into English poetry by Chaucer. He first used it in his long poems Troilus and Criseyde and Parlement of Foules. He also used it for four of the Canterbury Tales. The rhyme royal stanza consists of seven lines, usually in iambic pentameter. The rhyme scheme is a-b-a-b-b-c-c.

Terza rima三行诗节

——is poetry written in three-line stanzas linked by end-rhymes patterned aba, bcb, cdc, ded, efe, etc. There is no specified number of stanzas in the form, but poems written in terza rima usually end with a single line or a couplet rhyming with the middle line of the last stanza.

e.g. “If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?”

III. 精读:

Sonnet 18 (背诵)

Holy Sonnet 10 (背诵)

On His Blindness

Ode to the West Wind

The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock

One’s Self I Sing

To Make a Prairie

In A Station of the Metro

The Road Not Taken

Sonnet 18

By William Shakespeare

Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?

Thou art more lovely and more temperate:

Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer’s lease hath all too short a date: Sometimes too hot the eye of heaven shines

And often is his gold complexion dimed;

And every fair form fair sometimes declines,

By chance or nature’s changing course untrimmed; But thy eternal summer shall not fade,

Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st;

Nor shall death brag thou wander’st in his shade. When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st:

So long as men can breathe,or eyes can see,

So long lives this,and this gives life to thee.

Holy Sonnet 10

By John Donne

Death, be not proud, though some have called thee Mighty and dreadful, for thou art not so ;

For those, whom thou think'st thou dost overthrow,

Die not, poor Death, nor yet canst thou kill me.

From rest and sleep, which but thy picture[s] be,

Much pleasure, then from thee much more must flow, And soonest our best men with thee do go,

Rest of their bones, and soul's delivery.

Thou'rt slave to Fate, chance, kings, and desperate men, And dost with poison, war, and sickness dwell,

And poppy, or charms can make us sleep as well,

And better than thy stroke ; why swell'st thou then ? One short sleep past, we wake eternally,

And Death shall be no more ; Death, thou shalt die.

英美文学重点整理

What’s symbolism? 1）Symbolism is a movement in literature and the visual arts that originated in France in the late 19th century. In literature, symbolism was an aesthetic movement that encouraged writers to express their ideas, feelings, and values by means of symbols or suggestions rather than by direct statements. Hawthorne and Melville are masters of symbolism in America in the 19th century. 2）举例。

48. “Young Goodman Brown ”is one of Hawthorne ’s most profound tales. What is the allegorical meaning of Brown, the protagonist? What does Hawthorne set out to prove in this tale? How does Melville comment on Hawthorne ’s manner of concerning with guilt and evil?

**ELIZABETH **4. A comparison of the three giants: William Dean Howells; Mark Twain; and Henry James They are the three dominant figures of the realistic period. The forerunner of American Realism is Howells. Though the three writers wrote more or less at the same time, they differed in their understanding of the “truth.”While Mark Twain and Howells seemed to have paid more attention to the “life”of the Americans, Henry James had apparently laid a greater emphasis on the “inner world”of man. Though Twain and Howells both shared the same concern in presenting the truth of the American society, they had each of them different emphasis. Howells focused his discussion on the rising middle class and the way they lived, while Twain preferred to have his own region and people at the forefront of his stories. This particular concern about the local character of a region came about as “local colorism,”a unique variation (变体) of American literary realism.

英美文学 总结

英国文学资料 1.The period of Old English Literature extends from about the year of 450 to the year of 1066. 2.the significant event which the commencement of medieval period in English literature is Norman Conquest in the year of 1066,and the medieval literature in Britain covers about four centuries. 3.Romance is the most popular literature form in the medieval period. 4.Old English poets produced the national epic poem, Beowulf, and a number of more or less lyrical poemsof shorter length, which do not contain specific Christian doctrines but evoke the Anglo Saxon sense of the harshness of circumstance and the sadness of the human lot. 5.Chaucer alone who, for the first time in English literature, presented to us a comprehensive realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life in his masterpiece The Canterbury Tales. admired as the father of English Poetry. 一、The Renaissance Period (14th--mid-17th century) 1. The cradle of the Renaissance is Italy, and the essential characteristics of it are rising of Humanism and the Reformation of Christianity. 2. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the Engish Renaissane, and it's most important representative is Shakespeare. 1. Edmund Spenser埃德蒙.斯宾塞 the poet's poet

北京外国语大学英美文学专业初试复试备考经验及03

北外英美文学专业初试复试备考经验及 03—06真题 准备考研的时间不长，只有三个月，总结起来两大经验吧，细节和节奏。细节是说考研要做个有心人，要勤看别人的经验，即使不是一个方向的。因为虽然准备的内容不同，但过程都是一样的（讲到底也只有专二不同）。学习别人的经验自己才能避免走别人的弯路，犯别人犯过的错误。节奏是说时间的充分利用，时间不在长短而在效率的高低，要根据自己的情况制定合适的复习计划。在这里给大家小小的鼓励一下：永远不要觉得时间不够用，也永远不要觉得这是不可能完成的的任务。当然要基于自身实力和现实的考虑，我相信大家都明白我的意思。等到真正做到了，你就是那个“传说”。 政治：六十多分没什么经验。。。。。。总的感觉是过线不拉分就好因为进入复试政治和二外就不算分了，不要给自己太大的压力，不要浪费过多的时间，节省下来精力好好看专业。 法语：学校用的是很老的橘黄色皮的《法语》，先复习一遍，把忘掉的知识捡回来。然后把历年真题研究一遍，考察的知识点就那么多，有的题基本没变隔年又考一次。从图书馆借来新大学法语1-3，从头到尾梳理知识点整理笔记。因为知道考什么，所以看得有重点。借书的好处之一就是“书非借不能读也”，借来的总要还，有压力就看得快了，而且借的书都少都有点笔记，看看也是很好的。

基英：分阅读，翻译和写作三个部分。像名字一样就是考察英语的基础，所以投机取巧是不可取的，要稳扎稳打地不间断复习。阅读--每天精读一篇1500字左右的新闻，有用的词句整理出来，有兴趣的段落翻一翻，阅读是最好的输入方式，扩大阅读量不言而喻，也对写作和翻译大有益处。翻译--练了叶子南里面几个靠谱的文章，订在一起没事看看，每翻译一篇都会看到自己逐步的进步，翻译得逐渐成熟。写作—写作看的是内容、结构和语法。虽然在考场上不可能三方面都完美，但是写的时候有这样的意识在脑子里，偏也偏不到哪里去。基础自认为还是不错的，所以每天的复习就是一个routine，保持对英语的娴熟度，主要的精力都集中在复习专业上了。 专业：文学选段匹配+小说分析，今年取消了逻辑题。虽然文学的复习范围没边没沿，文学著作浩如烟海；但是恶俗的讲一句，只要是考试，它就有它的侧重点和一定的规律。文学选段匹配--本着上一原则，我把历年真题找来统计了一下每年考得上都是谁的作品，集中在哪几部作品上。统计过后发现大概十人左右而且都是大家Mark Twain, Charles Dicke ns, Wordsworth…然后就拜读他们的大作就好了。小说的话要先看看写作风格，像总考的adventures of huckleberry finn，如果没读过现读是来不及的，但只要了解马克吐温的写作风格，就会在看到南方方言的第一时间想到他老人家。诗歌

英美文学知识点总结(适用于英语专八)

Old English Literature 古英语文学 （450-1066年） Beowulf （贝奥武甫）---The first English national epic 中世纪英语文学（1066-1500） Geoffrey Chaucer(乔叟，c. 1343–1400) was an English poet. He is remembered for his The Canterbury Tales《坎特伯雷故事集》, called the father of English litera ture―英国文学之父‖William Langland (朗格兰，1330?-1400?),the author of the 14th-century English long narrative poem Piers Plowman《农夫皮尔斯》. 文艺复兴（16-17世纪） William Shakespeare (莎士比亚，1564-1616), English poet and playwright, his surviving works consist of 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems Venus and Adonis 《维拉斯和阿多尼斯》The Rape of Lucrece.《鲁克丽丝受辱记》 Shakespeare‘s greatest works: greatest tragedies are King Lear 《李尔王》,Macbeth《麦克白》,Hamlet《哈姆雷特》, Othello 《奥赛罗》,Romeo and Juliet 《罗密欧与朱丽叶》 grea t comedies: A Midsumme r Night‘s Dream《仲夏夜之梦》,As You Like It 《皆大欢喜》,The Merchant of Venice 《威尼斯商人》, Twelfth Night 《第十二夜》 great historical plays: Richard III 《理查三世》,Henry IV 《亨利四世》, Henry V 《亨利五世》, Henry VII 《亨利八世》 John Milton (弥尔顿, 1608-1674)was an English poet and civil servant for the Commonwealth of England. He is best known for his epic poem Paradise Lost《失乐园》, Paradise Regained《复乐园》Samson 《力士参孙》. 18世纪文学和新古典主义 Alexander Pope (浦柏,1688-1744 ) is generally regarded as the greatest English poet of the eighteenth century, best known for his satirical epigram 讽刺隽语and heroic couplet英雄双韵体.His major works include mock epic satirical poem An Essay on Man 《人论》and An Essay on Criticism 《论批评》 Daniel Defoe ( 笛福，1660—1731)was an English writer who gained enduring fame for his novel Robinson Crusoe《鲁滨逊漂流记》, spokesman for middle-class people Henry Fielding (菲尔丁, 1707 ---1754) ，an English novelist known for his novel:The History of Tom Jones. Jonathan Swift (斯威夫特,1667-1745), was an Anglo-Irish novelist, satirist. He is remembered for novel such as Gulliver‘s Travels《格列佛游记》. Richard Sheridan ( 谢立丹，1751—1816), Irish playwright ,known for his satirical play School of Scandal(造谣学校). He was a represntative writer of Comedies of Manners. Laurence Sterne (斯特恩,1713—1768 ), an English novelist. He is best known for his novel Tristram Shandy （《商第传》）. Oliver Goldsmith （哥尔德斯密斯，1728-1774）English novelist, known for his novel Vicar of Wakefield (《威克菲尔德牧师传记》) Thomas Gray (托马斯?格雷1716—1771 )，an English poet, author of Elegy Written in a

自考英美文学选读00604考前串讲(7)

英美文学考前串讲（7） American Literature Chapter 1 The Romantic Period I. Choose the right answer: 1. Of all the following issues, _____is definitely NOT the focus of the Romantic writers in the American literary history. A. Puritan morality B. Human bestiality C. Noble sav ages D. Divinity of man Answer: B (P401) 2.Henry David Thoreau’s work, ________, has always been regarded as a masterpiece of the New England Transcende ntal Movement. A. Walden B. The Pioneers C. Nature D. "Song of Myself" Answer: A (P402) 3. "Nothing is at last sacred but the integrity of your own mind" is a famous quote fr om______’s writings. A. Walt Whitman B. Henry David Thoreau C. Herman Melville D. Ralph Waldo Eme rson Answer: D (P402) 4. Leaves of Grass’commands great attention because of its uniquely poetic embodiment of ________, which are written in the founding documents of both the Revolutionary War and t he American Civil War. A. the democratic ideals B. the romantic ideals C. the self-reliance spirits D. the relig ious ideals Answer: A (P447) 5. According to Whitman, the genuine participation of a poet in a common cultural effort was to behave as a supreme_________. A. democrat B. individualist C. romanticist D. lead er Answer: B (P448) 6. The period before the American Civil War is generally referred to as ___________. A. The Naturalist Period B. The Modern Period C. The Romantic Period D. The Realistic Pe riod Answer: C (P399) 7. In the following works, which sign the beginning of the American literature? A. The S ketch Book B. Leaves of Grass C. Leather Stocking Tales D. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn B (P399) 8._____is the author of the work ’The Legend of Sleepy Hollow’. A. Washington Irving B. James Joyce C. Walt Whitman D. William Butler Yeats Answer: A (P404) 9. Washington Irving’s ’Rip Van Winkle’is famous for_________. A. Rip’s escape into a mysterious B. The story’s German legendary source material C. Rip’s seeking for happiness D. Rip’s 20-years sleep Answer: D (P406) 10. Which of the following statement is not true about Washington Irving? A. Washington Irving is regarded as Father of the American short stories. B. Irving’s relationship with the Old World in terms of his literary imagination can hardly be ign

英语专八英美文学常识汇总

英语专八英美文学常识汇总

3专八人文知识:英国地理概况 the english channel: the channel is a narrow sea passage which separates england and france and connects the atlantic ocean and north sea. 英吉利海峡：英吉利海峡是一道狭长的海峡，分割英法两国，连接大西洋和北海。 the dee estuary: a small sea ( in irish sea) where the dee river enters. 迪河河口：是迪河流入的一个小海。 "the act of union of 1801": in 1801 the english parliament passed an act by which scotland, wales and the kingdom of england were constitutionally joined as the kingdom of great britain. 1801合并法：1801年英国议会通过法令，规定英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士根据宪法合并成为大不列颠王国。 gaelic: it is one of the celtic language, and is spoken in parts of the highlands. 盖尔语：是盖尔特语言的一种，在高地地区仍有人说这种语言。 the "backbone of england": it refers to the pennies, the board ridge of hills.

[英语考试]《英美文学选读》串讲讲义

《英美文学选读》应考指导 一、教材说明 《英美文学选读》是全国高等教育自学考试英语专业本科段的必修课程，也是广大考生比较头疼的课程。教材大体可以分为两个大的部分，文学发展史和作家介绍及作品选读。让考生头疼的事情是课本信息量太大，考纲要求的内容较多，学习的时候理不出头绪，也不便记忆。事实上，文学课有着相当强的逻辑性和系统性，只要我们把握住这一点，这门课程并不难学，也不难考过。 二、考情分析 2009年，本门课程的考试大纲做了一些调整，这种调整在某种程度上减轻和考生的复习负担，但也同时考察的内容更细，更全。 （一）关于考核要求的调整 考核要求中每章概述内容不作调整；“该时期的重要作家”只包含对考核知识点中保留的重要作家的相关内容的考核。 （二）大纲调整后的特点 （1）新大纲更加突出了英美各个文学时期的时代特点。如：文艺复兴时期的戏剧和诗史，浪漫主义时期的诗歌等。从这个意义上讲，命题的重点突出了。 （2）新大纲中考核的作家，都是每一个文学时期文学潮流的最具代表性的作家，都是对该时期文学的发展起到决定作用的作家。从这个意义上讲，命题的焦点集中了。 （3）新大纲中所保留的作家的作品大多是广大考生耳熟能详的作品，从这个意义上讲，考试的难度降低了。 三、复习方法 （一）概述： 考试大纲调整以后，可命题的作家的数量减少了，但命题的深度会增加；同时，由于作家数量的减少，这也意味着在每一章的概述部分和作品选读部分的命题点会增多。 （二）每章概述部分的复习重点 在对这部分的复习中，重点关注每一个文学时期的界定以及其标志性事件；另外每一个文学时期的时代特点和突出文学成就也是考查的重点，还有本时期同时存在的文学流派的特点也是重点内容。 （三）每章重点作家的复习重点 作家的文学史上的地位和贡献；作家的代表作以及代表作的中心大意和所反映的社会现实；作家的写作风格和写作特点也是命题的重点。 （四）每章作品选读的复习重点 作品选读前面的斜体字部分的简介和概括；作品中的名句；作品选读中的注释部分，小说作品中的人物关系。 在对新考纲解读完了之后，剩下的事情就是大家去听后面的串讲，认真学习，通过考试！

英美文学考试复习点重点整理

1.现实主义、批判现实主义（代表人物、作品，以及每部作品讲了什么故事）P276—比如《匹克威克外传》主要讲什么？P281 《双城记》主要讲什么？P298 《大卫科波菲尔》主要讲什么？P292 2.其中自传体形式的作品有哪些？ 3.傲慢与偏见的第一个名字：first impression(Pride and prejudice现) 4.三姐妹指的是？ 5.19世纪有名小说名利场副标题：“A Novel Without a Hero”作者：William Makepeace Thackeray P303 6.18th浪漫主义作家、代表作P211 反对什么,反抗什么思想？ 7.Pop代表作有哪些？P134 剪发记？ 8.玄学诗派有哪些人物组成？Leading Feature? P116 9.乌托邦is written in form of ?P33 10.Universal Wicks大学才子是谁？P50 11.中世纪文学流行的是? 主题特征骑马精神P8？ 12.最著名作家：乔叟P19 13.对于三次征服的概念（1）罗马征服P1 （2）英国人征服P2（3）诺曼征服P5 14.人民大宪章什么时候出现？时间：1837年

1.John Milton He was born in London in 1608. He is a master of the blank verse, and a great stylist. And he is famous for his grand style.But his style is never exactly natural. He devoted almost twenty years of his best life to the fight for political, religious and personal liberty as a writer. His famous works are Paradise lost, Paradise Regained, and Samson Agonistes. 2.Romance Romance was the most prevailing kind of literature of the upper class in feudal England in the Medieval Ages. It is a long composition in verse or in prose which describes the life and chivalric adventures of a noble hero. The central character of romances is the knight, a man of noble birth skilled in the use of weapon. The theme of loyalty to king and lord was repeatedly emphasized in romances. 3.the Enlightenment It is the philosophical and artistic movement growing out of the Renaissance and continuing until the nineteenth century. It was an optimistic belief that humanity could improve itself by applying logic and reasons to all things. Typically, these enlightenment writers would use satire to ridicule what they felt illogical errors in government, social

自考英美文学选读00604考前必看!

經驗告訴你-絕不能錯過這篇*英美文学选读考前串讲* 英美文学-考前必看！ 考试注意事项： 大家好，大家辛苦了！现在大家已经到了考前的冲刺阶段，这个阶段将起着至关重要的作用，到目前为止，大家至少应该达到把课本上的八章内容系统的复习过一遍，这样通过考试才能更有把握！以下内容是广大考生在考前或考试过程中需要注意的一些事项，相信它会帮助你提高复习效率，同时也是帮助您顺利通考试的重要手段之一！ 1) 注意复习的顺序 以前的很多考生在复习时，总是看第一章，翻了好几天的书还是第一章，经实践证明从后往前看的效果过远远高于前者，所以如果您已经复习过一遍了，那么剩下的这几天，建议您从第八章――第一章，倒着复习，这样效果会更佳！（首先建议大家看着前面的目录，把每个时期出现的历史时期都写在目录上，便于复习，这也是考试中选择题中经常考的内容，把这一项工作做好了，至少可以帮你拿到3---5分的分值）. 2) 关于作家及作品的复习 这一部分，大家要看作家的重点理论及主题思想，结合选读中的作品，主要看每篇选读中的Summary (即选读前括号中的斜体部分), 建议大家在最后的几天时间里，利用10分钟左右的时间把每篇选读中的人名用彩笔标出来，至少得到5—10分的分值,这经常是选择题或选读题中要考的内容) 3) 历年的考题一定要熟练掌握，特别是01, 02年的考题，一定要把握考点，切忌只记答案，一定要记住与考题选项相关的内容． 4) 以上八章的串讲资料一定要充分利用，只要熟练掌握了这些内容，达到融会贯通，灵活运用所学知识，考试顺利通过一定是自然而然的事情，相信自己，没错的！ 5) 考试当中一定要注意写字的格式，特别是简答题或论述题，一定要清楚要点1), 2), 3) ……，清晰，明确，千万不要只写一整段，不分要点，这样会导致失去不该失去的得分．（关键词一定要写上，只要意思表达清楚就可得到基本分） 6) 做简答题或论述题的答题要点： A. 关于历史时期的介绍 1> 时间+来源 (0.5分---1分) 2> 历史背景(不需要扩充) (1---2分) 3> 该时期中最重要的创作思想以及影响该时期的大背景．(2---3分) 4> 代表作家以及代表作品简介．(1分) 5> 影响 (0.5—1分) B. 论述题中人物性格分析的答题要点： 1> 利用题目发挥 (0.5--1分) 2> 该任务的代表时期，属于哪个阶层 (1—2分) 3> 作品中人物经历的有关情节 (2—3分) 4> 该人物的直接性格分析 (1—2分) 5> 该人物的文学性格分析 (3—4分)

英美文学总结Word 文档

Early and Medieval English Literature Three famouse Conquests: The Roman Conquest (55BC- 410AD) The Anglo-Saxon Conquest (449-1066) The Norman Conquest (1066-1485) The Anglo-Saxon Poetry: Pagan Poetry (Beowulf) Religious Poetry (Caedmon and Cynewulf) The Anglo-Saxon Prose: (Prose appeared in the 8th century ) Venerable Bede (The Ecclesiastical History of the English People) Alfred the Great Medieval Literature 1066: Anglo-Saxon Period bagan 1200: Middle English Literature bagan Raman Cycles: "Matters of Rome" "Matters of France" "Matters of Britain"(Sir Gawain and the Green Knight) Geoffrey Chaucer (14th century): 1.The Romance of the Rose （translation from French) 2.The House of Fame 3.Trolius and Criseide 4.The Canterbury Tales John Wycliffe (14th century): the first attempt to translate the latin version of the Bible into Middle English English Renaissance literature ( the late 15th century -middle 17th century) Wars and Refromation Thomas More (the first English humanist) Utopia Edmund Spencer: The Shepherds Calendar The Faerie Queene Epithalamion 1595 Bacon: the first English essayist Advancement of Learning <<论学术的进展>>

自考英美文学选读要点总结整理出考点26位作家完整教学内容

英美文学选读要点总结精心整理(只考26位作家) [英国』Chapter1 The Renaissance period（14世纪至十七世纪中叶）文艺复兴 1. Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance.人文主义是文艺复兴的核心。 2. the Greek and Roman civilization was based on such a conception that man is the measure of all things.人文主义作为文艺复兴的起源是因为古希腊罗马文明的基础是以“人”为中心，人是万物之灵。 3. Renaissance humanists found in then classics a justification to exalt human nature and came to see that human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfection, and that the world they inhabited was theirs not to despise but to question, explore, and enjoy.人文主义者们却从古代文化遗产中找到充足的论据，来赞美人性，并开始注意到人类是崇高的生命，人可以不断发展完善自己，而且世界是属于他们的，供他们怀疑，探索以及享受。 4. Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the English humanists.托马斯.摩尔，克利斯朵夫.马洛和威廉.莎士比亚是英国人文主义的代表。 5. Wyatt introduced the Petrarchan sonnet into England.怀亚特将彼特拉克的十四行诗引进英国。 6. The first period of the English Renaissance was one of imitation and assimilation.英国文艺复兴初期只是一个学习模仿与同化的阶段。 7. The goals of humanistic poetry are: skillful handling of conventions, force of language, and, above all, the development of a rhetorical plan in which meter, rhyme, scheme, imagery and argument should all be combined to frame the emotional theme and throw it into high relief.人文主义诗歌的主要目标是对传统习俗的熟练运用，语言的力度与气概，而最重要的是发展了修辞模式，即将格律，韵脚（式），组织结构，意象（比喻，描述）与议论都结合起来勾画出情感主题，并将其极为鲜明生动的表现出来。 8. The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance England are Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare, and Ben Jonson.文艺复兴时期英国最著名的戏剧家有克利斯朵夫.马洛，威廉.莎士比亚与本.约翰逊。 9. Francis Bacon (1561-1626), the first important English essayist.费兰西斯.培根是英国历史上最重要的散文家。(III)William Shakespeare威廉.莎士比亚 17. The first period of his dramatic career, he wrote five history plays: Henry VI, Parts I, II, and III, Richard III, and Titus Andronicus; and four comedies: The Comedy of Errors, The Two Gentlemen of Verona, The Taming of the Shrew, and Love’s Labour’s Lost.在他戏剧创作生涯的第一个阶段，他创作了五部历史剧：《亨利六世》，《理查三世》，《泰托斯.安东尼》以及四部喜剧：《错误的戏剧》，《维洛那二绅士》，《驯悍记》和《爱的徒劳》。 18. In the second period, he wrote five histories: Richard II, King John, Henry IV, Parts I and II, and Henry V; six comedies: A Midsummer Night’s Dream, The Merchant of Venice, Much Ado About Nothing, As You Like It, Twelfth Night, and The Merry Wives of Windsor; and two tragedies: Romeo and Juliet and Julius Caesar.在第二阶段，他写了五部历史剧：《理查三世》，《约翰王》，《亨利四世》，《亨利五世》以及六部喜剧《仲夏夜之梦》，《威尼斯商人》，《无事生非》，《皆大欢喜》，《第十二夜》，《温莎的风流娘儿们》，还有两部悲剧：《罗密欧与朱丽叶》和《裘利斯.凯撒》。 19. Shakespeare’s third period includes his greatest tragedies and his so-called dark comedies. The tragedies of this period are Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth, Antony and Cleopatra, Troilus and Cressida, and Coriolanus. The two comedies are All’s Well That Ends and Measure for Measure.第三阶段诞生了莎翁最伟大的悲剧和他自称的黑色喜剧（或悲喜剧），悲剧有：《哈姆雷特》，《奥赛罗》，《李尔王》《麦克白》《安东尼与克利奥佩特拉》《特罗伊勒斯与克利西达》及《克里奥拉那斯》。两部喜剧是《终成眷属》和《一报还一报》。 20. The last period of Shakespeare’s work includes his principle romantic tragicomedies: Pericles, Cymbeline, The Winter’s Tale and The Tempest; and his two plays: Henry VIII and The Two Noble Kinsmen.最后一个时期的作品主要有浪漫悲喜剧：《伯里克利》《辛白林》《冬天的故事》与《暴风雨》。他最后两部剧是《亨利八世》与《鲁克里斯受辱记》。21. Shakespeare’s sonnets are the only direct expression of the poet’s own feelings.这些十四行诗都是莎翁直抒胸臆的成果。 22. Shakespeare’s history plays are mainly written under the principle that national unity under a mighty and just sovereign is a necessity.莎翁的历史剧都有这样一个主题：在一个强大英明的君主统领下的国家，统一是非常必要的。 23. In his romantic comedies, Shakespeare takes an optimistic attitude toward love and youth, and the romantic elements are

英美文学8

G e o f f r e y C h a u c e r 杰弗里·乔索 t h e r e p r e s e n t a t i v e w r i t e r i n t h e M e d i e v a l E n g l i s h l i t e r a t u r e G e o f f r e y C h a u c e r(1340—1400) Chaucer’s three literary periods: ?1. The first or the French period: ?1) The Romaunt of the Rose ?《玫瑰传奇》a translation, popular in Middle ages ?2) The Book of the Duchess ?《悼公爵夫人》,the best work of the time Chaucer’s literary career 2. The second or the Italian period: Troilus and Criseyde: 《特罗伊拉斯和克莱西德》, a poem of a love story Chaucer’s literary career ?3. The third or the English period, his best period: ?The Canterbury Tales ?《坎特伯雷故事集》 ?his masterpiece and a representative works of the Middle Ages. Troilus and Criseyde 《特罗伊拉斯和克莱西德》 Chaucer’s longest complete poem about 8000 lines.